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Research Papers
Usefulness of Charlson comorbidity index-adjusted mortality prediction tools and factors influencing mortality in intensive care unit patients: a retrospective medical record review–based study
Jai Jung Lee, Dong Yeon Kim, Min Ji Lee, Ji Young Kim
Received July 10, 2025  Accepted December 1, 2025  Published online February 11, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25094    [Epub ahead of print]
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to estimate the mortality rate in adult intensive care units (ICUs) using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)-adjusted Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) III models, and to identify factors influencing mortality.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included adult patients admitted to the ICU at a tertiary hospital between June 1 and August 31, 2022. Among the 1,098 screened patients, those younger than 18 years, those discharged within 48 hours, and those with missing medical records were excluded. In total, 482 patients were analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, and multivariate logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated using the c-statistic and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.
Results
The predictive accuracy of the mortality models was shown by c-statistic values of 0.817 for APACHE II, 0.857 for SAPS III, 0.697 for CCI, and 0.834 for CCI-adjusted APACHE II (0.834). Mechanical ventilation, cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation, continuous renal replacement therapy, and the presence of leukemia or lymphoma were significant predictors of mortality in adult ICU patients. Among the evaluated models, SAPS III and CCI-adjusted APACHE II demonstrated the highest predictive power.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that incorporating comorbidity indices such as the CCI with acute physiological parameters improves the accuracy of mortality prediction in ICU patients. Understanding mortality prediction models is essential for nurses to provide individualized, evidence-based, and high-quality care in adult ICUs.
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Development of an end-of-life care competency scale for nurses in long-term care hospitals: a psychometric validation study
Sookyeon Son, Mi-Kyeong Jeon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(4):598-612.   Published online November 27, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25113
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to develop a scale to measure end-of-life care (EOLC) competency among nurses working in long-term care hospitals and to evaluate its validity and reliability.
Methods
Preliminary items were developed based on attributes and indicators identified through a conceptual analysis of EOLC competency. The initial version of the scale was refined through expert content validity assessment, item revision, and a pilot test. The main survey was conducted among 460 nurses in long-term care hospitals, and 409 valid responses were analyzed after excluding 51 incomplete or invalid cases. Data were analyzed using software-assisted item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and assessments of convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity, as well as reliability testing.
Results
The initial 55 items were reduced to a final set of 30 items across seven dimensions. Model fit indices indicated good construct validity (χ²/degrees of freedom=1.91, standardized root mean square residual=.06, root mean square error of approximation=.07, Tucker-Lewis index=.90, comparative fit index=.91), with a total explained variance of 70.2%. The scale demonstrated strong criterion-related validity (r=.76, p<.001), high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=.95; McDonald’s ω=.95), acceptable test–retest reliability (r=.56, p<.001), and an intraclass correlation coefficient of .72 (95% confidence interval, .51–.84; p<.001).
Conclusion
The developed scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing EOLC competency among nurses in long-term care hospitals. It can be effectively utilized for educational assessment, training evaluation, and the measurement of program effectiveness in end-of-life care.
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A qualitative exploration of acute stroke patients’ experiences with aphasia in Korea
Jiyeon Kang, Hyunyoung Heo
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(4):621-633.   Published online November 25, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25132
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of patients with acute stroke-related aphasia within the Korean healthcare context.
Methods
A qualitative research design using inductive content analysis was employed, following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. Fourteen adults with acute stroke-related aphasia participated in one-on-one, in-depth interviews conducted between January and May 2025. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were analyzed using an inductive qualitative content analysis approach.
Results
Five main categories emerged: “suddenly trapped in silence” described the abrupt loss of language, including the inability to articulate intended words and understand others; “emotional impact” captured psychological shock and feelings of loss; “communication crisis” encompassed expressive difficulties, exclusion from decision-making, and social withdrawal; “patient-centered interaction” highlighted supportive communication, empathic care, and active engagement by others; and “emerging hope” reflected signs of recovery, self-directed efforts, and anticipation of improvement. These categories converged into the overarching theme, “communication beyond language,” illustrating how patients sought meaningful interaction despite linguistic limitations.
Conclusion
Acute aphasia extends beyond a language disorder to encompass profound emotional and social experiences. Although communication barriers exist, meaningful interaction remains possible through empathetic, person-centered approaches. Healthcare professionals should recognize that patients with aphasia retain cognitive competence despite expressive limitations. These findings underscore the need to integrate emotional sensitivity into clinical care and to develop training programs that enhance person-centered communication skills in stroke rehabilitation settings.
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Multidimensional factors influencing the completion of advance directives among community-dwelling older Koreans
Hee-Ju Ji, Soong-Nang Jang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(4):543-556.   Published online November 18, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25098
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the multidimensional factors associated with the completion of advance directives (ADs) among community-dwelling older Koreans, guided by conceptual frameworks developed in Asian contexts.
Methods
Data from the 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans (sixth wave) were analyzed for 9,951 community-dwelling older Koreans aged 65 years or older. Complex sample cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Results
In total, 11.1% of community-dwelling older Koreans had completed an AD. Significant factors associated with AD completion were identified across four domains—personal situation: age, educational level, religion, and housing preference in the event of poor health; socio-cultural: presence of children, participation in social activities and satisfaction with social relationships; physical and illness: the number of chronic diseases; and value system: awareness of hospice and palliative services, participation in death preparedness education, and documentation of organ donation.
Conclusion
Among older Koreans, AD completion represents more than a documentation process; it reflects a complex decision-making process shaped by their values and life circumstances, underscoring the need for supportive interventions. As the highest AD completion rates are found among older adults, related policies should be aligned with older adult-centered policy frameworks.
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Effects of presenteeism on turnover intention in clinical nurses through the serial mediating roles of missed nursing care and job satisfaction: a cross-sectional predictive correlational study
Hyeonseon Cheon, Seok Hee Jeong, Hyun Kyung Kim, Hyoung Eun Chang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(4):584-597.   Published online November 10, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25015
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the two-mediator serial mediation effect of missed nursing care and job satisfaction on the relationship between presenteeism and turnover intention in clinical nurses.
Methods
A cross-sectional predictive correlational study was conducted, and the participants were 208 clin­ical nurses working in advanced general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected from October 6 to November 7, 2023 using self-reported questionnaires, including general characteristics, presenteeism, missed nursing care, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN ver. 29.0 and PROCESS macro ver. 4.2.
Results
Missed nursing care and job satisfaction exhibited a double mediating effect on the relationship between presenteeism and clinical nurses’ turnover intention. In addition, missed nursing care showed a mediating effect on the relationship between presenteeism and clinical nurses’ turnover intention. Job satisfaction had a mediating effect on the relationship between presenteeism and clinical nurses’ turnover intention. Presenteeism had a direct effect on missed nursing care, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Missed nursing care exerted a direct effect on job satisfaction and turnover intention among clinical nurses. Job satisfaction had a direct effect on turnover intention.
Conclusion
To reduce nurses’ turnover intention, it is essential to develop and implement programs focused on preventing presenteeism. Additionally, organizational initiatives should prioritize active support for nurses’ health management, alleviating the shortage of nursing staff, augmenting job satisfaction, and improving the overall working environment.
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Prenatal psychosocial factors and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder in low-risk postnatal women: a longitudinal study
Jung Hee Yeo, So Yeon Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(3):353-363.   Published online August 21, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25027
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to identify prenatal psychosocial factors influencing the development of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in both short-term (4–6 weeks postpartum) and long-term (4–6 and 14–18 weeks postpartum) assessments using the wheel model.
Methods
This study employed a longitudinal design with 359 women in their third trimester who received care at two maternity hospitals in City B. Surveys were used to measure depression, anxiety, resilience, and pregnancy-related PTSD during the third trimester (n=318). Postpartum PTSD was assessed at 4–6 weeks (n=198) and at 14–18 weeks postpartum (n=156). Data were analyzed using the t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression.
Results
The prevalence of short-term postpartum PTSD was 32.7%, and that of long-term PTSD was 19.9%. The risk of short-term PTSD increased with higher pregnancy-related PTSD symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.07), higher prenatal resilience (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00–1.18), and lower social support (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99). Similarly, the risk of long-term PTSD increased with higher pregnancy-related PTSD (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04–1.13), higher prenatal resilience (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06–1.34), and low educational attainment (OR, 6.75; 95% CI, 1.03–44.30).
Conclusion
The high prevalence of short- and long-term postpartum PTSD highlights the need for systematic screening and interventions for prenatal factors, including pregnancy-related PTSD, social support, resilience, and education level. Therefore, it is necessary to alleviate pregnancy-related PTSD and strengthen social support during prenatal care to prevent postpartum PTSD. Furthermore, women with high resilience should also be targeted in these interventions, because they can also develop postpartum PTSD.
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Impact of an integrated disease-specific nursing care model on parental anxiety and depression in severe hypospadias patients in China: a randomized controlled trial
Ruijuan Wu, Lucai Jia, Biyu Ding, Ying Li, Yaqing Cao, Zhaojun Shi, Yanfang Yang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(3):327-341.   Published online August 12, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24147
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to explore the effects of an integrated disease-specific nursing care model on alleviating perioperative and post-surgical anxiety and depression in parents of children with severe hypospadias.
Methods
Parents of children with severe hypospadias were recruited and randomly allocated into a control group (n=87), which received standard nursing care, and an intervention group (n=93), which was given an integrated disease-specific nursing intervention in addition to standard care. Parental anxiety and depression were measured using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) at admission, discharge, and 6-month follow-up post-surgery.
Results
A linear mixed-effects model showed that SAS and SDS scores in the intervention group decreased to a significantly greater extent over time, from admission to follow-up, compared to the control group. Post-hoc analysis showed a trend for increased parental anxiety and depression among patients with complications at discharge and follow-up for the control group. Meanwhile, the intervention group exhibited a trend for decreased parental anxiety and depression among patients with complications at discharge and follow-up.
Conclusion
The integrated disease-specific nursing model significantly alleviated parental anxiety and depression over time compared to standard care, highlighting its effectiveness in supporting families of children with severe hypospadias. Notably, the intervention appeared to mitigate the negative emotional impact of postoperative and follow-up complications, suggesting its potential as a targeted approach to improve both emotional well-being and overall care outcomes.
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Factors Affecting the Intention to Use Smartmonitor-Based Mobile Health in Middle-Aged in Patients Applying the Technology Acceptance Model II
Ol Eum Joo, Yi Kyung Ha
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):620-632.   Published online November 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24091
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose

This study aimed to identify factors that influence the intention to use smart monitor-based mobile health (SBM) technology among middle-aged inpatients, based on the technology acceptance model II (TAM II).

 Methods

A total of 222 participants were surveyed. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 and IBM SPSS Amos 23. Seven exogenous variables–social influence (SI), personal self-efficacy, (PSE), environmental self-efficacy (ESE), health literacy, health concerns, resistance to innovative technology (RIT), accessibility (AC)– and three endogenous variables–perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usability (PU), and intention to use (ITU)–were investigated.

 Results

The hypothesized path model demonstrated a good fit for the data. SI (β = .13, p = .042), PU (β = .46, p < .001), and PEOU (β = .16, p = .008) had significant direct effects on the ITU, which explained 39.5% of the variance. Additionally, SI (β = .27, p < .001), ESE (β = .16, p = .010), RIT (β = - .12, p = .026), AC (β = .28, p < .001), and PEOU (β = .20, p = .001) indirectly affected ITU through PU, which explained 50.7% of the variance. Furthermore, PSE (β = .38, p < .001) indirectly influenced ITU via PEOU, which explained 38.4% of the variance.

 Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the TAM II can be used to effectively predict ITU in SBMs among middle-aged inpatients. To expand the intention to use SBMs, it is necessary to develop SBMs that include content and programs that promote PU, SI, and PEOU.

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Perceptual Factors Associated with Gestational Weight Gain: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Sehee Kim, Sukhee Ahn
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):495-508.   Published online November 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24052
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose

Recent years have seen an increase in the number of pregnant women whose weight gain during pregnancy exceeds the recommended range. This study was intended to determine the relationships among demographic attributes, key perceptual factors, and gestational weight gain (GWG).

 Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and July 2022. First-time pregnant women beyond 36 weeks of gestation who were recruited via social media completed an online survey. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, and logistic regression, all performed using SPSS software.

 Results

Of the 369 participants, 63 (17.1%) exceeded the recommended GWG guidelines, while 148 (40.1%) fell within the recommended range, and the remaining 158 (42.8%) had inadequate GWG. Being overweight or obese before pregnancy significantly increased the risk of excessive GWG (p < .001). This risk was also significantly greater for women with low internal weight locus of control (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.41~0.82), high external weight locus of control (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.31~2.34), and negative body image (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.51~0.75).

 Conclusion

The growing trend of excessive GWG among pregnant women is influenced by a combination of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and perceptual factors, including weight locus of control and body image. These findings underscore the need to implement weight management intervention strategies before pregnancy, taking into consideration BMI, and to enhance positive body image and internal locus of control.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors Associated With Gestational Weight Gain Among Nurses in Korea
    Sook Jung Kang, Woon Young Hwang, Hyunju Dan, Sue Kim, Kwang-Pil Ko
    Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing.2025; 54(5): 543.     CrossRef
  • Attitudes toward body weight and shape during pregnancy among Japanese women who were underweight before pregnancy: A qualitative study
    Chisato KOROGI, Mie SHIRAISHI, Kaori MATSUDA, Natsuki HORI, Hanna HORIGUCHI
    Journal of Japan Academy of Midwifery.2025; 39(3): 456.     CrossRef
  • 2,734 View
  • 107 Download
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  • 2 Crossref
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Factors Influencing Clinical Nurses’ Perception of Structural and Content Career Plateau
Ji Hye Kim, Ji Yun Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):534-546.   Published online October 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24002
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose

This study was intended to provide basic data for reducing the career plateaus of clinical nurses.

 Methods

The participants were 288 clinical nurses who worked at five hospitals, general hospitals, and tertiary hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Chungcheong provinces and had more than one year of clinical experience. The research data were collected from December 26, 2022, to April 7, 2023, using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS software. The study conducted mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson‘s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis.

 Results

Perceived organizational support was identified as the factor influencing structural career plateaus. Factors influencing content career plateaus included growth needs, skill variety, organizational justice, and perceived organizational support.

 Conclusion

The above research results suggest that to increase the motivation of clinical nurses and reduce career plateaus, it is necessary to improve awareness and systems of human resource management at the organizational level.

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The Effects of a Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Exercise Program for Patients Undergoing with Total Knee Arthroplasty
Kyung-Hye Park, Hee-Young Kang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):547-562.   Published online October 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24027
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialePub
Purpose

This study was performed to develop a self-efficacy theory-based exercise program for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to test the program’s efficacy in ameliorating knee pain and restoring function as measured by lower extremity muscle strength, 3 meter walking time, Korean Western Ontario McMaster Index (WOMAC), exercise self-efficacy, and length of hospital stay for TKA patients.

 Methods

This quasi-experimental study incorporating a non-equivalent control group and pretest-posttest non-synchronized design non-synchronous design was applied to assess self-efficacy reinforcement strategies based on self-efficacy theory. The exercise program consisted of the following steps: TKA, education to prevent postoperative complications, and muscle strength exercises. Respective exercise and control groups included 29 and 27 participants. The experimental group received eight sessions of the program from three weeks before TKA to four weeks after TKA. Collected data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, and ranked ANCOVA and t-tests using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.

 Results

Experimental group showed significant improvement in lower extremity muscle strength (F = 8.63, p = .005), 3 meter walking time (z = - 5.02, p < .001), WOMAC index (z = - 2.22, p = .027), self-efficacy for exercise (z = - 3.29, p = .001), and length of hospital stay (t = - 2.11, p = .040) compared to the control group. No significant differences in knee pain and range of motion were observed.

 Conclusion

These findings indicate that a self-efficacy theory-based exercise program can be an effective exercise strategy that patients undergoing TKA can easily follow at home without assistance. It is thus recommended as an exercise intervention for TKA patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Self-efficacy and implementation intentions in home rehabilitation of stroke patients: the parallel mediating role of recurrence risk perception and outcome expectations
    Xiaowen Jiang, Qiuxue Sun, Rong Tang, Shuxian Liu, Xi Chen, Yumei Lv
    Frontiers in Psychology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Decision-Making and Rehabilitation Among Older Women Who Underwent Total Knee Replacement: A Qualitative Study in Taiwan
    Ching Han Huang, Yun Yee Chen, Shu Wen Chen, Chen Ti Wang, Mei Hsiang Lin
    Patient Preference and Adherence.2025; Volume 19: 3931.     CrossRef
  • 3,123 View
  • 269 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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An Exploratory Study on Non-Contact Nursing Experiences of Clinical Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Hye Min Byun, Eun Kyoung Yun
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):446-458.   Published online August 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24045
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to understand the non-contact nursing experiences of clinical nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A qualitative research design applying thematic analysis was used. The participants were purposive sampled from three institutes: a tertiary hospital, a general hospital, and a residential treatment center in Seoul. Data were collected between December 2021 and January 2022 through individual in-depth interviews with 12 clinical nurses. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s method to identify the meaning of the participants’ experiences.
Results
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the fields where the participants performed non-contact nursing included intensive care units and isolation wards of hospitals, a residential treatment center, and home cares. Their tasks in non-contact nursing commonly involved remote monitoring using digital devices or equipment, consultation and education. From their experiences performing tasks in these fields, the four theme clusters and nine themes were derived. The four theme clusters are as follows: (1) Confusion of nursing role; (2) Conflict due to insufficient support system; (3) Concern about the quality of nursing; (4) Reflection on the establishment of nursing professionalism.
Conclusion
This study highlights the necessity for institutionalizing professional nursing areas, nursing education, and practical support by clarifying the purpose and goals of non-contact nursing and developing nursing knowledge through frameworks.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A systematic review of pulmonary rehabilitation nursing interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    Da-Jung Kim
    Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation.2025; 21(5): 234.     CrossRef
  • Telecare legislation priorities: A Delphi study grounded in ethical challenges
    Seongyu Han, Eun Kyoung Yun
    Nursing Ethics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 1,783 View
  • 87 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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Effectiveness of the Eye Care Protocol in the Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Kyu Won Lim, Shin Young Ha, In Soon Kang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):432-445.   Published online August 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24017
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study investigated the effects of an eye care protocol (ECP) on patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods
This study utilized a randomized controlled design. Participants were patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the ICU (36 in the experimental group and 38 in the control group). The experimental group received an ECP, while the control group received standard eye care, starting the day after admission, for a duration of 10 days. The ECP classifies the degree of eyelid obstruction into three stages based on the degree of exposure to the lower eyelid conjunctiva and cornea. The protocol included cleansing with normal saline gauze, administering eye drops, applying silicone and polyurethane films, and recommending consultation with an ophthalmologist if necessary. The effectiveness of ECP was assessed by analyzing tear volume, hyperemia, chemosis, and eye discharge. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0, employing the Mann-Whitney U-test and generalized estimating equations.
Results
On day 5, the experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in tear volume in both eyes compared with the control group. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of hyperemia, chemosis, and eye discharge on days 5 and 10 of the intervention.
Conclusion
The application of the ECP in this study increased tear volume in ICU patients, thereby reducing discomfort caused by dry eyes. It has the potential to prevent complications such as damage to the surface of the eyeball resulting from decreased tear volume.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A systematic review of pulmonary rehabilitation nursing interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    Da-Jung Kim
    Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation.2025; 21(5): 234.     CrossRef
  • 1,335 View
  • 194 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Effects of a Pre-Conception Care Program in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Mixed-Methods Study Including a Randomized Controlled Trial
Young Jin Lee, Hae Won Kim, Yeon Hee Kim, Suk-Kyun Yang, Ji-Yeon Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):386-402.   Published online August 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to conduct a pre-conception care program for women of childbearing age with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Korea and verify its effects on self-efficacy for IBD management, IBD-related pregnancy knowledge, and IBD-related pregnancy anxiety. It also aimed to explore the changes in participants through the program.
Methods
A convergent mixed-methods study design was adopted. In the quantitative phase, 35 women (17 and 18 in the intervention and control group, respectively) participated. The intervention group attended a program that included small-group sessions and individual tele-coaching. To confirm the effects, data were collected before and one and four weeks after the intervention. In the qualitative stage, focus group interviews and tele-coaching were conducted with the intervention group.
Results
After the program ended, significant differences were observed over time between the intervention and control groups for self-efficacy for IBD management (Wald χ2 = 4.41, p = .036), IBD-related pregnancy knowledge (Wald χ2 = 13.80, p < .001) and IBD-related pregnancy anxiety (Wald χ2 = 8.61, p = .003). Qualitative data analysis revealed the following themes: (1) improving confidence in IBD management and awareness for planned pregnancy; (2) improving IBD awareness related to pregnancy and childbirth; and (3) relieving anxiety about and actively facing pregnancy.
Conclusion
This study is meaningful in that, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first to develop a pre-conception care program for women diagnosed with IBD and confirm its effectiveness. Furthermore, this program is expected to be suitable for patient counseling and education in clinical practice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The experiences of fertility concerns in women with inflammatory bowel disease of childbearing age: a descriptive qualitative study
    Lewei Tu, Qiaoyu Wu, Mengxiao Jiang, Meihao Wei, Ying Wang, Ying Xiao
    BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Health Literacy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Health Outcomes, Predictors and Barriers
    Caterina Mercuri, Rita Nocerino, Vincenzo Bosco, Teresa Rea, Vincenza Giordano, Michele Virgolesi, Patrizia Doldo, Silvio Simeone
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(23): 8577.     CrossRef
  • 2,370 View
  • 92 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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Support Needs for Health Promotion of Community-Dwelling People with Disabilities: Perspectives of Operators Managing Disability Supportive Housing
Hye Jin Nam, Haesun Lee, Han Nah Park, Sujin Lee, Bohye Kim, Ju Young Yoon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):211-223.   Published online May 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23143
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Recent studies have focused on policies aimed at supporting the independence of individuals with disabilities in communities. As part of this initiative, supportive housing, integrated care, and residential spaces offer tailored services based on individual needs and autonomy. The attitudes and knowledge of the administrators supporting supportive housing residents regarding health management can influence the well-being of individuals with disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the challenges faced by supporting housing workers in enhancing the self-management skills of individuals with disabilities.
Methods
In this qualitative study, focus group interviews were conducted in August 2023 with nine administrators working to support housing in Seoul. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interview data.
Results
The needs and challenges in enhancing the self-management skills of individuals with disabilities were as follows: (1) the complexity of health management challenges, (2) bidirectional strategies for strengthening health management capabilities, and (3) support for systematic health management. Additionally, eight subthemes were derived.
Conclusion
By investigating the difficulties experienced and identifying the necessary support requirements for supportive housing workers, this study seeks to uncover insights and identifies areas for improvement and strategies for health management. This study acknowledges the educational and institutional support necessary to improve the health and quality of life of individuals with disabilities residing in supportive housing.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Work system analysis of health management for individuals with disabilities in supportive housing: a focus group study using the SEIPS framework
    Haesun Lee, Hye Jin Nam, Bohye Kim, Ju Young Yoon
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(3): 454.     CrossRef
  • Intention to use a health information platform in supportive housing for people with disabilities: An application of the UTAUT model
    Bohye Kim, Hye Jin Nam, Haesun Lee, Hannah Park, Ju Young Yoon, Nicola Diviani
    PLOS One.2025; 20(10): e0332072.     CrossRef
  • A preliminary study on the development of a chronic disease self-management curriculum for disability support workers: educational needs analysis
    Han Nah PARK, Hye Jin NAM, Haesun LEE MSN, Sujin LEE, Bohye KIM, Ju Young YOON
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,217 View
  • 96 Download
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Analysis of the Adequacy of Nurse Staffing Level through the Estimation of Nursing Activity Hours and Implementation of Focus Group Interviews in a Tertiary Hospital: Using a Mixed-Method Design
Hyun-Joo Kim, Sun-Hee Lee, Jai-Jung Lee, Sun-Suk Seong, Hee Yang, Hyang-Yuol Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):237-249.   Published online May 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22142
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the adequacy of current nurse staffing levels by identifying nursing activities and workload.
Methods
The study used a mixed-method design. A nursing activity survey was conducted using the work sampling method over 2 working days with 119 general ward nurses. A focus group interview was conducted with 12 nurses. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and content analysis, respectively.
Results
The most amount of time was spent on medication (in direct nursing) and electronic medical record documentation (in indirect nursing). The appropriate nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:7.7 for the day shift, 1:9.0 for the evening shift, and 1:11.9 for the night shift. However, the current nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:9.4, 1:11.0, and 1:13.8 for the day, evening, and night shifts, respectively. Therefore, the current nurse staffing level is insufficient for the workload. In the focus group interview, the main reasons cited for being unable to complete tasks within working hours were communication and coordination, and the nursing electronic medical record. The essential nursing activities of basic nursing and emotional support were overlooked owing to a heavy workload. Therefore, an adequate nurse staffing level should be higher than the measured quantitative workload.
Conclusion
These results suggest the general wards of tertiary hospitals should evaluate the adequacy of their current nurse staffing and allocate sufficient nurses to improve patient safety and nursing care quality.

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  • Nurses' Experience Working with Substitute Nurses
    Hye Mi Kim, Yeon Hee Kim, Jeong Hye Kim
    Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2025; 10(3): 208.     CrossRef
  • 2,995 View
  • 255 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Association between Resilience, Professional Quality of Life, and Caring Behavior in Oncology Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Misun Jeon, Sue Kim, Sanghee Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):597-609.   Published online December 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23058
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The degree of caring behavior of oncology nurses is a crucial factor in the care provided to patients with cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate factors related to oncology nurses’ caring behavior, including their resilience and professional quality of life.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 107 oncology nurses at an urban tertiary hospital from May 18 to 24, 2015. We used a self-report questionnaire to measure resilience, professional quality of life, and degree of caring behavior. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 20.0.
Results
Oncology nurses presented with low levels of resilience and caring behavior, and high levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. There was a statistically significant relationship between the degree of caring behavior, resilience (r = .43, p < .001), compassion satisfaction (r = .51, p < .001), and burnout (r = - .42, p < .001), as well as between secondary traumatic stress and burnout (r = .34, p < .001). Factors associated with oncology nurses’ degree of caring behavior were compassion satisfaction (t = 6.00, p < .001) and educational level (t = 3.45, p = .001).
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that oncology nurses’ degree of caring behavior is related to their professional quality of life and education. These findings suggest that enhancing oncology nurses’ healthy coping strategies at both the individual and organizational levels can further develop holistic nursing care. Additionally, it is necessary to examine the factors affecting nurses’ compassion satisfaction and to try to promote this aspect.

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  • The Mediating Role of Resilience Between Empathy and Professional Competence Among Emergency Nurses in the West Bank, Palestine: Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling
    Anas Shehadeh, Ahmad Shuhaiber, Malakeh Z. Malak, Ahmad Ayed, Hisham Zahran
    International Nursing Review.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Burnout among health professionals working in oncology: current evidence and challenges for future research
    Javier Martinez-Calderon, Cristina García-Muñoz
    Current Opinion in Oncology.2025; 37(4): 302.     CrossRef
  • Personal and work-related factors associated with nurse resilience: An updated systematic review using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis
    Fiona Yu, Deborah Raphael, Lisa Mackay, Melody Smith, Ritin Fernandez
    International Journal of Nursing Studies.2025; 166: 105054.     CrossRef
  • Impact of an oncology training program on nursing personnel knowledge: A pilot study
    Sara Gabriela Yeverino-Castro, Francisco Zamora-Rosales, Rodrigo Álvarez-Calderon , Oswaldo Enrique Sánchez-Dávila , Erika Evangelina Coronado-Cerda , Sonia Esquivel Ochotorena
    Revista de Estudios e Investigación en Psicología y Educación.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Compassion fatigue, psychological resilience, moral sensitivity, and humanistic caring ability in clinical nurses: a structural equation model
    Shuqi Zhai, Qinqin Liu, Congcong Dai, Yifan Lu, Huanhuan Zhang, Jie Liu, Chaoran Chen
    BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Impact of Resilience on Professional Quality of Life Among Oncology Nurses
    Asma Al Yahyaei, Wafa Al Jabri, Nabiha Al Hasni, Zainab Al Kindi, Sulaiman Al Sabei, Omar Al Omari, Joshua Muliira, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh
    Nursing Forum.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Impact of the Quranic Teachings on the Resilience and Caring Behaviors of Nursing Students Amid Crises Such as the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Maryam Shaygan, Fatemeh Vizeshfar, Azadeh Amiri, Marzieh Kargar Jahromi
    International Perspectives in Psychology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Professional Quality of Life in Nursing: The Role of Psychological Resources—A Cross-Sectional Study
    Lovorka Brajković, Dora Korać, Vanja Kopilaš
    Nursing Reports.2025; 15(12): 434.     CrossRef
  • Connectedness to Nature and Professional Quality of Life Among Nurses in South Korea in the Context of COVID-19
    Hyeon Sik Chu, Young Ran Tak, Hanyi Lee
    HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Study on Moral Distress, Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, and Their Predictors among Nurses Caring for Patients with Cancer
    Soomin Hong, Yesol Kim, Mi Sook Jung, Yoonjung Lee, Hyunju Hong, Mijin Jeon, Mee-Young Cho, Jiyeon Lee
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2025; 25(4): 217.     CrossRef
  • Mindful self-care among oncology nurses in China: a latent profile analysis
    Yan Shi, Peng Wang, Lamei Liu, Mengmeng Li
    BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The mediating role of compassion fatigue between perceived organization support and caring behavior among outpatient nurses in China: a cross-sectional study
    Xingxing Liu, Fang He, Tian Tian, Jun Zhang, Yuanjiao Ji, Yuexia Zhong
    BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Critical Role of Nursing in Identifying and Managing Care Fatigue Among Hospitalized Patients
    Haya Semah D Alreshidi, Alanazi, Maryam Munadi, May Farhan Salem Alanazi, Hamidah Matrouk Alruwaili, Alruwaili, Rehab Mulhi A, Awatif Rakyan Murayr Alruwaili, Huda Alshawi J Alruwaili, Adhwaa Alohaylim Aldaghmani, Almatrafi, Rawan Wadi S, Hana M
    International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Perspectives of Frontline Nurses Working in South Korea during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Combined Method of Text Network Analysis and Summative Content Analysis
SangA Lee, Tae Wha Lee, Seung Eun Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):584-596.   Published online December 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23048
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to explore the perspectives of frontline nurses working during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods
An online qualitative study was conducted using a pragmatic approach. The data were collected in August 2021. Registered Korean nurses who provided direct nursing care to patients with confirmed COVID-19 were eligible for this study. An online survey was used to gather free-text data, which were then analyzed using machine-based network analysis and summative content analysis.
Results
The analysis examined the responses of 126 participants and led to the identification of six prominent themes. These themes were further classified into three distinct levels: personal, task, and organizational. The identified themes are as follows: “collapse of personal life,” “being overwhelmed by the numerous roles required,” “personal protective equipment was sufficiently provided, but that is not enough,” “changes in interprofessional collaboration,” “inappropriate workforce management,” and “diverted allocation of healthcare services and resources.” Conclusion: Our findings highlight areas for improvement in resources, systems, and policies to enhance preparedness for future pandemics.

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  • Skill mix changes in healthcare professions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
    Natalia Petka-Nosal, Iwona A Bielska, Katarzyna Badora-Musiał, Katarzyna Nowak-Zając, Alicja Domagała, Małgorzata Gałązka-Sobotka, Iwona Kowalska-Bobko
    BMJ Open.2025; 15(10): e100024.     CrossRef
  • 2,759 View
  • 35 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Development of Nursing Clinical Judgment Scale
Shi Nae Kwon, Hyojung Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):652-665.   Published online December 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23042
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to develop a nursing clinical judgment scale (NCJS) and verify its validity and reliability in assessing the clinical judgment of nurses.
Methods
A preliminary instrument of the NCJS comprising 38 items was first developed from attributes and indicators derived from a literature review and an in-depth/focus interview with 12 clinical nurses. The preliminary tool was finalized after 7 experts conducted a content validity test based on a data from a preliminary survey of 30 hospital nurses in Korea. Data were collected from 443 ward, intensive care unit, emergency room nurses who voluntarily participated in the survey through offline and online for the verification of the construct validity and reliability of the scale.
Results
The final scale comprised 23 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Six factors – integrated data analysis, evaluation and reflection on interventions, evidence on interventions, collaboration among health professionals, patient-centered nursing, and collaboration among nurse colleagues – accounted for 64.9% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of the measurement model, comprising six factors (root mean square error of approximation = .07, standardized root mean square residual = .04, comparative fit index = .90). Cronbach’s α for all the items was .92.
Conclusion
The NCJS is a valid and reliable tool that fully reflects the characteristics of clinical practice, and it can be used effectively to evaluate the clinical judgment of Korean nurses. Future research should reflect the variables influencing clinical judgment and develop an action plan to improve it.

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  • How the nursing work environment moderates the relationship between clinical judgment and person-centered care among intensive care unit nurses
    Mi Hwa Seo, Eun A. Kim, Hae Ran Kim, Mohammad Jamil Rababa
    PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0316654.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Critical Thinking Disposition, Clinical Judgement, and Nurse–Physician Collaboration on Triage Competency Among Triage Nurses
    Ji-Won Song, Hyung-Ran Park
    Healthcare.2025; 13(4): 405.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of a virtual reality nursing simulation for pediatric pneumonia care: a Korean pilot study using a single-group pre-post test design
    Eun Joo Kim, Seong Kwang Kim, Sung Sook Song
    Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(4): 198.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Clinical Nurses' Clinical Judgment, Nursing Work Environment and Ethical Nursing Competence on Patient Safety Nursing Activities
    Eunseo Hong, Hyojung Park
    Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2025; 39(3): 368.     CrossRef
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Experiences of Transitional Care for Medicaid Case Managers
Yunhee Hwang, Gaeon Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(5):556-569.   Published online October 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23031
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This phenomenological study tried to understand the essence of the transitional care experience of medicaid case managers and its structural meaning. In addition, it was attempted to establish a system of transitional care and seek support measures for medicaid case managers.
Methods
The participants of this study were 7 medicaid case managers who had spent more than 1 year and 6 months in medicaid pilot project. Data were collected with individual in-depth interviews from June to December 2021. The data were analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method.
Results
The seven constituents derived from the results of this study were 'struggle to establish a living environment', 'dedication to supporting independent living', 'anxiety about safety', 'pressure on care responsibilities', ‘distress in building the pilot project’, 'pride in role', and 'expectation for improvement'.
Conclusion
The study results provide a comprehensive understanding of the transition care reality for medicaid case managers. They also shed light on managers’ perceptions and attitudes. These findings can serve as fundamental information for establishing support measures for medicaid case managers and transitional care systems.
  • 1,752 View
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Analysis of ROX Index, ROX-HR Index, and SpO 2 /FIO 2 Ratio in Patients Who Received HighFlow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Sun Hee Choi, Dong Yeon Kim, Byung Yun Song, Yang Sook Yoo
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(4):468-479.   Published online August 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22152
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the use of the respiratory rate oxygenation (ROX) index, ROX-heart rate (ROX-HR) index, and saturation of percutaneous oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (SF ratio) to predict weaning from high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in patients with respiratory distress in a pediatric intensive care unit.
Methods
A total of 107 children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit were enrolled in the study between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. Data on clinical and personal information, ROX index, ROX-HR index, and SF ratio were collected from nursing records. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, χ2 test, Mann–Whitney U test, and area under the curve (AUC).
Results
Seventy-five (70.1%) patients were successfully weaned from HFNC, while 32 (29.9%) failed. Considering specificity and sensitivity, the optimal cut off points for predicting treatment success and failure of HFNC oxygen therapy were 6.88 and 10.16 (ROX index), 5.23 and 8.61 (ROX-HR index), and 198.75 and 353.15 (SF ratio), respectively. The measurement of time showed that the most significant AUC was 1 hour before HFNC interruption.
Conclusion
The ROX index, ROX-HR index, and SF ratio appear to be promising tools for the early prediction of treatment success or failure in patients initiated on HFNC for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Nurses caring for critically ill pediatric patients should closely observe and periodically check their breathing patterns. It is important to continuously monitor three indexes to ensure that ventilation assistance therapy is started at the right time.

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  • Non-invasive SpO2/FiO2 ratio (SFR) as surrogate for PaO2/FiO2 ratio (PFR): A scoping review
    Madhura Reddy, Malavika Kulkarni, Sushma Thimmaiah Kanakalakshmi, Laxmi Shenoy, Rama Rani KrishnaBhat
    The Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2025; 11(3): 221.     CrossRef
  • Can the ROX index predict high‐flow nasal cannula failure in children under 2 with lower respiratory tract infection?
    Pablo Vasquez‐Hoyos, Alvaro L. Jacome‐Orozco, Andrea P. Rodriguez‐Mayorga, Leidy E. Sepulveda‐Forero, Diana P. Escobar‐Serna, Juan S. Barajas, Evelyn Obando‐Belalcazar, Claudia M. Salinas‐Jaimes, Juan J. Peralta‐Palmezano, Alexandra Jimenez‐Chavez, Rafael
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(5): 1246.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Surgical Mask Placement Over High-Flow Nasal Cannula on Oxygenation Parameters in COVID-19 Patients Experiencing Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
    Aadila Coatwala, Mayank Dhir, Sagar Sinha, Dattatray Bhusare
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 163 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of Self-Efficacy for HIV Disease Management Skills
Gwang Suk Kim, Layoung Kim, Mi-So Shim, Seoyoung Baek, Namhee Kim, Min Kyung Park, Youngjin Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(3):295-308.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23016
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study evaluated the validity and reliability of Shively and colleagues’ self-efficacy for HIV disease management skills (HIVSE) among Korean participants.
Methods
The original HIV-SE questionnaire, comprising 34 items, was translated into Korean using a translation and back-translation process. To enhance clarity and eliminate redundancy, the author and expert committee engaged in multiple discussions and integrated two items with similar meanings into a single item. Further, four HIV nurse experts tested content validity. Survey data were collected from 227 individuals diagnosed with HIV from five Korean hospitals. Construct validity was verified through confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion validity was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients with the new general self-efficacy scale. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest were examined for reliability.
Results
The Korean version of HIV-SE (K-HIV-SE) comprises 33 items across six domains: “managing depression/mood,” “managing medications,” “managing symptoms,” “communicating with a healthcare provider,” “getting support/help,” and “managing fatigue.” The fitness of the modified model was acceptable (minimum value of the discrepancy function/degree of freedom = 2.49, root mean square error of approximation = .08, goodnessof-fit index = .76, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = .71, Tucker-Lewis index = .84, and comparative fit index = .86). The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = .91) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .73) were good. The criterion validity of the K-HIV-SE was .59 (p < .001).
Conclusion
This study suggests that the K-HIV-SE is useful for efficiently assessing self-efficacy for HIV disease management.

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  • Providing 2 Types of mHealth Interventions to Support Self-Management Among People Living With HIV: Randomized Clinical Trial
    Gwang Suk Kim, Layoung Kim, Seoyoung Baek, Sooyoung Kwon, Ji Min Kim, Jun Yong Choi, Jae-Phil Choi
    JMIR mHealth and uHealth.2025; 13: e60905.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with health-related quality of life among people living with HIV in South Korea: Tobit regression analysis
    Gwang Suk Kim, Layoung Kim, SangA Lee, Mi-So Shim, Youngjin Lee, Seoyoung Baek, Claus Kadelka
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0303568.     CrossRef
  • Three cycles of mobile app design to improve HIV self-management: A development and evaluation study
    Gwang Suk Kim, Layoung Kim, Seoyoung Baek, Mi-So Shim, SangA Lee, Ji Min Kim, Jong Yae Yoon, Jin Kim, JunYong Choi, Jae-Phil Choi
    DIGITAL HEALTH.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,875 View
  • 64 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
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Development and Evaluation of Evidence-Based Nursing Protocol for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Critically Ill Patients
Soomi Kim, Chul-Gyu Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(3):275-294.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22109
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to develop an evidence-based extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) nursing protocol for critically ill patients receiving ECMO treatment by using an adaptation process, and to verify the effects of the protocol.
Methods
The protocol was developed according to the adaptation guidelines. A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the protocol’s effects. Data were collected between April 2019 and March 2021. The differences in physiological indicators and complication rates between the two groups were investigated using a chart review to evaluate patient outcomes. The nurses’ outcome variables were evaluated using a questionnaire.
Results
First, after reviewing 11 guidelines by appraisal of the guidelines for research and evaluation collaboration II, 5 guidelines with a standardization grade of over 50 points were selected. An ECMO nursing protocol was developed based on these guidelines. Second, there were no statistically significant differences in physiological indicators between the two groups of patients. However, the experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease in the infection rate (p = .026) and pressure injury rates (p = .041). The levels of satisfaction with ECMO nursing care, and empowerment and performance of the nurses who used the ECMO nursing protocol were higher than those of nurses who did not (p < .001).
Conclusion
This protocol may help prevent infections and pressure injuries in patients, and improve nurses’ satisfaction and empowerment. The nursing protocol developed for critically ill patients receiving ECMO treatment can be utilized in evidence-based nursing practice.

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  • Research Advances in Evidence-Based Nursing for Clinical Practice Standards and Technological Optimization in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
    晓婷 汤
    Asian Case Reports in Emergency Medicine.2025; 13(03): 300.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with nursing workload in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a retrospective cohort study
    André Lucas da Silva Guideli, Luana Letícia Ribeiro de Luna, Larissa Fernandes Araújo da Silva, Marcele Liliane Pesavento, Lilia de Souza Nogueira, Filipe Utuari de Andrade Coelho
    einstein (São Paulo).2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development of ECMO training program for ICU nurses knowledge gain and self-efficacy outcomes assessment: quasi-experimental evaluation
    Hafize Savaş, Sevil Güler, Sinan Sabit Kocabeyoğlu
    BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hongrui Zhu, Yueming Zhang, Yan Zhou, Hongxia Yan
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  • 386 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
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Pathway Analysis on the Effects of Nursing Informatics Competency, Nursing Care Left Undone, and Nurse Reported Quality of Care on Nursing Productivity among Clinical Nurses
Mi Yu, Se Young Kim, Ji Min Ryu
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(2):236-248.   Published online April 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22110
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Nursing informatics competency is used to manage and improve the delivery of safe, high-quality, and efficient healthcare services in accordance with best practices and professional and regulatory standards. This study examined the relationship between nursing informatics competency (NIC), nursing care left undone, and nurse reported quality of care (NQoC) and nursing productivity. A path model for their effects on nursing productivity among clinical nurses was also established.
Methods
Data were collected using structured questionnaires answered by 192 nurses working in a tertiary hospital located in J city, Korea, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 and AMOS 21.0 program.
Results
The fit indices of the alternative path model satisfied recommended levels χ2 = .11 (p= .741), normed χ2 (χ2/df) = .11, SRMR = .01, RMSEA = .00, GFI = 1.00, NFI = 1.00, AIC = 18.11. Among the variables, NIC (β = .44, p < .001), NQoC (β = .35, p < .001) had a direct effect on nursing productivity. Due to the mediating effect of NQoC on the relationship between NIC and nursing productivity, the effect size was .14 (95% CI .08~.24). Meanwhile, nursing care left undone through NQoC in the relationship between NIC and nursing productivity, has a significant mediation effect (estimate .01, 95% CI .00~.03). The explanatory power of variables was 44.0%.
Conclusion
Education and training for enhancing NIC should be provided to improve nursing productivity, quality of care and to reduce missed nursing care. Furthermore, monitoring the quality of nursing care and using it as a productivity index is essential.

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  • A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Information Literacy Competencies and Associated Variables among Korean Nursing Students
    Shin Hyang Kim, Jong Mi Lim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 358.     CrossRef
  • The impact of nursing informatics competency, social influence, and medical information culture on nurses’ intention to use new medical technology in general hospitals
    Jeong Ho Ji, Kyungja Kang
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2025; 31(4): 484.     CrossRef
  • Effects of digital literacy and nursing informatics competency as job resources on nurses’ burnout and work engagement: a cross-sectional study
    Jeehae Chung, Hyesil Jung, Sang Mi Park, Kyeongmin Lee
    BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Nursing Care Left Undone by Cancer Ward Nurses
    Chung Hee Woo, Yeon Joo Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(5): 594.     CrossRef
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  • 124 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Conceptual Analysis of Career Anchors of Nurses
Jae Woo Oh, Mi Ran Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):28-38.   Published online February 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22091
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for career anchors of nurses by defining and organizing its concept.
Methods
Using the Walker and Avant concept analysis, a total of 29 articles were analyzed through a literature search in this study.
Results
The career anchors of nurses are individual career choice motives, a self-concept where in competency and values are harmonized, which act as a desire for growth and development in nursing, and are actions that maintain careers. Additionally, they indicate the direction for achieving individual career goals and act as a core value expected of nurses by nursing organizations, indicating continuous and integrated professional growth and development of the nursing profession.
Conclusion
The career anchors of nurses identified in the results contribute to securing patient safety, providing quality care through policies, institutionalizing bases for career development, preventing nurse turnover, and retaining skilled nurses.

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  • Developing a tailored retention model for healthcare professionals: A mixed-methods study in South African pathology laboratories
    Shiksha Gallow, Ravinder Rena, Manjeet Kharub
    International Journal of Healthcare Management.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Career Anchors on Nursing Students’ Professional Self-concept and Work Values
    Jae Woo Oh, Ji Ah Song
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(4): 435.     CrossRef
  • 2,162 View
  • 86 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of Self-Care Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory (SC-COPD) and Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale (SCES-COPD)
Ja Yun Choi, So Young Yun
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(5):522-534.   Published online October 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22062
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study examined the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Self-Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory (SC-COPDI) and the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale (SCES-COPD). The SC-COPDI consists of the Self-Care Maintenance Scale (SCMES), Self-Care Monitoring Scale (SCMOS), and Self-Care Management Scale (SCMAS).
Methods
The original tool was translated using a back-translation process. Participants were 241 patients with COPD at the Chonnam National University Hospital in Korea. The construct validity was verified through confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was verified using Cronbach’s α.
Results
The SCMES consisted of 10 items of three factors―one of four factors was deleted from the original tool. In the SC-MOS, there were six items of two factors after two items were deleted from the original tool. The SCMAS consisted of the original 10 items of three factors. The SCES-COPD consisted of six items of two factors, with one item removed from the original tool. The model fit indices of all tools were good, and the construct validity was confirmed. Cronbach’s α of SCMES was .72, SCMOS was .90, SCMAS was .81, and SCES-COPD was .85.
Conclusion
The Korean version of SC-COPDI and SCES-COPD are valid and reliable instruments for measuring selfcare in people with COPD. These instruments can be used in self-care studies of COPD patients in Korea.

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    Yuye Zhang, Qiufang Li, Xiaokai Wang, Tianci Xiao, Chenmeng Wei, Na Song, Lamei Liu
    Journal of Clinical Nursing.2025; 34(11): 4854.     CrossRef
  • The influence of depression, social support, and uncertainty on self-management compliance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: A descriptive survey study
    Han-na Jang, Jeong-soo Kim
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2025; 27(3): 318.     CrossRef
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    Sehyun Cho, Hyeonseok Jin, Kyungbaek Kim, Sola Cho, Ja Yun Choi
    DIGITAL HEALTH.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Influences of Illness Uncertainty, Health Literacy, and Self-Care on Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    Min Jin Chu, Hyojung Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(4): 530.     CrossRef
  • E-health literacy and attitudes toward internet health information in relation to self-care adherence among Korean patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study
    Na Yeong Park, Insook Lee
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Chennet Phonphet, Jom Suwanno, Chonchanok Bunsuk, Wanna Kumanjan, Ladda Thiamwong
    International Journal of Nursing Sciences.2024; 11(4): 473.     CrossRef
  • 2,593 View
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An Analysis of Tasks of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 in a Nationally-Designated Inpatient Treatment Unit
Minho Jung, Moon-Sook Kim, Joo-Yeon Lee, Kyung Yi Lee, Yeon-Hwan Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(4):391-406.   Published online August 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22056
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to provide foundational knowledge on nursing tasks performed on patients with COVID-19 in a nationally-designated inpatient treatment unit.
Methods
This study employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative method investigated the content and frequency of nursing tasks for 460 patients (age ≥ 18y, 57.4% men) from January 20, 2020, to September 30, 2021, by analyzing hospital information system records. Qualitative data were collected via focus group interviews. The study involved interviews with three focus groups comprising 18 nurses overall to assess their experiences and perspectives on nursing care during the pandemic from February 3, 2022, to February 15, 2022. The data were examined with thematic analysis.
Results
Overall, 49 different areas of nursing tasks (n = 130,687) were identified based on the Korean Patient Classification System for nurses during the study period. Among the performed tasks, monitoring of oxygen saturation and measuring of vital signs were considered high-priority. From the focus group interview, three main themes and eleven sub-themes were generated. The three main themes are “Experiencing eventfulness in isolated settings,” “All-around player,” and “Reflections for solutions.” Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to ensure adequate staffing levels, compensation, and educational support for nurses. The study further propose improving guidelines for emerging infectious diseases and patient classification systems to improve the overall quality of patient care.

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  • Exploring Nursing Care for Patients With COVID-19 Using International Classification for Nursing Practice–Based Nursing Records
    Sumi Sung, Hyesil Jung, Youlim Kim
    CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2024; 42(2): 127.     CrossRef
  • Burnout among Nurses in COVID-19 Designated Units Compared with Those in General Units Caring for Both COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Patients
    Kyung Ah Woo, Eun Kyoung Yun, JiSun Choi, Hye Min Byun
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(4): 374.     CrossRef
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The Caring Experience of Family Caregivers for Patients of Living Donor Liver Transplantation from the Family Members
Miseon Bang, Suhye Kwon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(4):435-450.   Published online August 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22043
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to understand the care experiences of the family of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) patients where the donation had occurred within the family.
Methods
Participants were eight family caregivers who cared for recipients and donors of LDLT. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews from November, 2020 to April, 2021. Data analysis was performed through a cyclical process of data collection and analysis by applying Giorgi’s phenomenological research method.
Results
The five main components extracted from the experiences of the family caregivers were: "A double-edged choice to save the family", "The harsh daily life of liver transplantation care", "The yoke of double care on both shoulders", "The power to withstand the adversity of caring", and "The recovery and growth of life pursued by trusting each other".
Conclusion
The participants tried to do their best in their daily lives, while providing reassurance and care to the LDLT patients in the family; however, they expressed some worry and hardship while doing so. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of the caring experience of the family caregivers, which may contribute to the development of nursing interventions that will aid these caregivers in providing care to their LDLT family members. Furthermore, the development and application of an integrated management program for LDLT patients in the family is required.

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  • Challenges and support needs among family caregivers involved in solid organ transplant care process: a scoping review protocol
    Shi He, Ningbin Huang, Meiqi Lai, Wenwen Li, Siting Chen, Guolong Zhang, Danxia Huang, Guilin Peng, Ying Huang, Liang Ruan
    BMJ Open.2025; 15(3): e086771.     CrossRef
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Development and Effects of a Person-Centered Fall Prevention Program for Older Adults with Dementia in Long-Term Care Hospitals: For Older Adults with Dementia and Caregivers in LongTerm Care Hospitals
Jeong Ok Lim, Mee Ock Gu
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(3):341-358.   Published online June 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21230
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study examined the effects of a person-centered fall prevention program for older adults with dementia in long-term care hospitals.
Methods
A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The study sample included 42 older adults with dementia (experimental group: 21, control group: 21) and 42 caregivers (experimental group: 21, control group: 21). The program comprised 48 sessions held over 12 weeks and included exercise intervention with resistance and balance, dance walking (45~60 min, three times/week), cognitive and emotional intervention (35~50 min, once per week), and person-centered fall prevention education (10 min, once per week). The program for caregivers consisted of six educational sessions (i.e., fall prevention competency enhancement and person-centered care strategy education, 80 min, once per week) for six weeks. Data were collected before participation and 12 weeks after program completion from February 18 to May 12, 2019. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, t-test, and Mann―Whitney U test with SPSS/WIN 21.0.
Results
The experimental group of older adults with dementia showed significant improvement in physical and cognitive functions, and a decrease in depression, and behavioral and psychological symptoms, when compared with the control group. caregivers in the experimental group exhibited significant improvement in fall-related knowledge and person-centered care of older adults with dementia compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The study findings indicate that this program was effective as a nursing intervention for fall prevention among older adults with dementia in long-term care hospitals.

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    Chengfei Duan, Mo Zhu, Xia Li, Ling Yue
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    Soojin Chung, Jeongim Lee
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    Jae-Hyun Lee, Wooyeon Jo, Jaeho Jin, Yaxiong Zheng, Soyoon Lee, Se-Yeon Jang, Minseo Kim, Young-Jin Moon, Hye Gwang Jeong, Sang Ki Lee
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    Jinfeng Zhu, Jing Wang, Bo Zhang, Xi Zhang, Hui Wu
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    Jongwon Choi, Woochol Joseph Choi
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    Aeju Kim, Yucheon Kim, Jongtae Rhee, Songyi Lee, Youngil Jeong, Jeongeun Lee, Youngeun Yoo, Haechan Kim, Hyeonji So, Junhyeong Park
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 14480.     CrossRef
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Delirium Experience of the Intensive Care Unit Patients
Jaeyeon Jung, Sujin Jang, Seonmi Jo, Sunhee Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):134-143.   Published online April 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21240
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The study aimed to understand the delirium experience of intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
Methods
We performed a qualitative study using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. Eleven patients, who experienced delirium according to the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU, participated after transferring to general wards from the ICU. Individual in-depth semi-structured interviews ranging from 30 minutes to 2 hours in length were conducted between November 2018 and August 2019.
Results
Nine themes and four theme clusters emerged. The four theme clusters were: 1) “Overwhelmed by fear,” which describes the experience of a patient close to death and the feeling of difficulty in understanding disorganized thinking; 2) “Anxious about not understanding the situation,” which means that patients’ sense of time and space were disordered in the ICU; 3) “Being deserted,” which indicates the feeling of being separated from others and yourself; and 4) “Resistance to protect my dignity,” which indicates that the dignity and autonomy of an individual in the patient’s position at the ICU, are ignored.
Conclusion
Nursing interventions are needed that would enable patients to maintain orientation and self-esteem in the ICU. In addition, healthcare providers need to provide information about the unfamiliar environment in the ICU in advance.

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    Jing Dong, Weijing Sui, Yiyu Zhuang
    Nursing in Critical Care.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jiyeon Kang, Seonyoung Yun
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    Mi Ran Lim, Gyoo Yeong Cho
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2024; 17(3): 37.     CrossRef
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    Yajun Ma, Nianqi Cui, Zhiting Guo, Yuping Zhang, Jingfen Jin
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    Jae Eun Lee, Hye-Young Jang
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    Ye Rim Kim, Hye Ree Park, Mee Kyung Shin
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    Jiyeon Kang, Hyojeong Woo
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    Jiyeon Kang, Minhui Kim
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2022; 15(3): 37.     CrossRef
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Job Analysis of Nurse Care Coordinators for Chronic Illness Management in Primary Care Settings: Using Developing a Curriculum Process
Ju-Hee Hwang, Yong-Jun Choi, Mi-Sook Kim, Seng-Eun Yi, Yong-Soon Park, Ji-Hyang Kim, Ju-Young Yoon, Dong-Soo Shin
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(6):758-768.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21065
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to conduct a job analysis of nurse carecoordinators and to identify the frequency, importance and difficulty of each task of their job.
Methods
A committee for developing a curriculum (DACUM) was formed and members of the committee defined nurse care coordinators’ jobs and enumerated the duties, tasks and task elements by applying the DACUM technique. Then nurse care coordinators enrolled in the pilot project evaluated the frequency, importance and difficulty of each task.
Results
From the job descriptions of nurse care coordinators, we identified 12 duties and 42 tasks. Each task comprised 1~5 task elements. Among tasks, ‘assess the patient’s general health status’ was carried out most frequently. Nurse care coordinators perceived that ‘check vital signs’ and ‘strengthen patient competence to promote health behaviors’ were more important than all other tasks. The most difficult task was ‘develop professionalism as a nurse care coordinator’.
Conclusion
The nurse care coordinators' roles developed in this study will serve as the key guidelines for human resource management of care coordinators. Further, job specifications for nurse care coordinators need to be developed, which is necessary for designing education and training programs. We also need to integrate primary health care as an essential component in nursing education.

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    Yong-Sun Shin, Jong-Eun Lee
    Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2025; 36: 21.     CrossRef
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    Hyunsang Kwon, Ju Young Yoon
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    No‐Yai Park, Chung‐Min Cho, Eun‐Hyun Lee, Jeong‐Mo Park, Young‐Ran Lee, Jeong‐Ik Hong, Geun‐Yong Kwon
    Public Health Nursing.2024; 41(4): 723.     CrossRef
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    Hana Ko, SuJung Jung
    Journal of Gerontological Nursing.2023; 49(10): 29.     CrossRef
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    Hanna Lee, Ye-kyung Lee, Ji-Yun Park, Jeong-won Han
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    Han Nah Park, Ju Young Yoon, Soong-Nang Jang, Hye Jin Nam
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Nurses’ Experience with Caring for COVID-19 Patients in a Negative Pressure Room Amid the Pandemic Situation
Eun-Young Noh, Young Jun Chai, Hyun Jeong Kim, Eunjin Kim, Yeon-Hwan Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(5):585-596.   Published online October 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21148
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore nurses’ experience with caring for COVID-19 patients in a negative pressure room amid the spread of the pandemic.
Methods
This study was a qualitative research, and focus group interviews were used to collect data. Three focus groups comprising 19 nurses were interviewed from February 17 to 25, 2021. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim with the consent of the participants. The verbatim transcripts were scrutinized using thematic analysis.
Results
Two main themes emerged from the analysis: ‘Struggling in an isolated space’ and ’Limitations of nursing infrastructure and system’. The nurses caring for COVID-19 patients experienced anxiety and fear about the infection, physical exhaustion, emotional burnout, and a sense of duty as a nurse. They also acknowledged the lack of guidelines, increased task and burden, limitations of nursing care, and the demand for improving the limitations of the nursing system.
Conclusion
The results of this study demonstrate that nurses caring for COVID-19 patients encounter physical and emotional problems within the limited healthcare system. The study suggests that comprehensive interventions are needed for nurses. Furthermore, detailed guidelines, strengthening of nursing personnel, and improvements to the nursing system are vital to effectively cope with the pandemic. The government and medical institutions should be aware of the needs of nurses and what they are going through, and make efforts to improve the quality of life of healthcare workers and create a safe healthcare environment.

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  • Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth among Nurses in COVID-19 Isolation Wards in Tertiary Hospitals
    Ye Seul Im, Hyun Kyung Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(2): 233.     CrossRef
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    Myoungsuk Kim, Yongmi Lee, Hyun‐Ju Kang
    Nursing Open.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hye Min Byun, Eun Kyoung Yun
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 446.     CrossRef
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    Mira Mo, Seongmi Moon, Eun Kyeung Song
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    Suk-Jung Han, Hee-Jung Hong, Bok-Soon Shin
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    Ha-Young Park, In-Sun Yeom
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    Hyeongsuk Lee, Dongmin Lee, Seungmin Lee
    Healthcare Informatics Research.2023; 29(3): 256.     CrossRef
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    Dain Jeong, Young Eun
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3223.     CrossRef
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    SangA Lee, Tae Wha Lee, Seung Eun Lee
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    Ji Young Kim, Hyun Kyung Kim
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    Hyeran An, Kyungmi Kim, Jongeun Lee, Sunhwa Won
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    Minjung Moon, Kyoungsan Seo
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    Hye Jin Yoo, Hyeongsuk Lee
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    Seyoung Yun, Song Vogue Ahn
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    Boo Young Ha, Yun-Sook Bae, Han Sol Ryu, Mi-Kyeong Jeon
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    Young Whee Lee
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Untact Visit Service Development Based on an Application Reflecting the Circumstances during COVID-19: Focusing on Utilization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Dahae Woo, Hanui Yu, Hyo Jin Kim, Minyoung Choi, Dong Hee Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(5):573-584.   Published online October 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21143
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to develop an untact visit service based on an application that can be utilized in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) during COVID-19.
Methods
This study adopted the double diamond process of service design comprising the discovery, defining, and development stages.
Results
We developed an untact visit service based on an application that considered the child’s status, schedule, photo, and video messages, and so on. Moreover, we derived a service flow regarding the required roles and the type of flow shown between each stakeholder.
Conclusion
Considering the ongoing pandemic, the untact visit service is designed to increase rapport and participation of parents, share the child’s information in real-time, and provide one-stop service without increasing healthcare providers’ work. It will be a useful visit service that can be applied and evaluated in various hospital settings and the PICU.

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Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Person-Centered Practice Inventory–Staff for Nurses
Sohyun Kim, Sunghee H Tak
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(3):363-379.   Published online June 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21027
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of Person-Centered Practice Inventory– Staff (PCPI-S) for nurses.
Methods
The English PCPI-S was translated into Korean with forward and backward translation. Data were collected from 338 nurses at one general hospital in Korea. Construct validity was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Known-group validity was also evaluated. Cronbach’s α was used to assess the reliability.
Results
The PCPI-S Korean version consisted of 51 items in three areas: prerequisites, the care environment, and person-centered process. The comparative fit index (CFI) and values of person-centered care process were improved after engagement and having sympathetic presence items were combined as one component. The construct validity of PCPI-S Korean version was verified using four-factor structures (.05 < RMSEA < .10, AGFI > .70, CFI > .70, and AIC). The convergent validity and discriminant validity of the entire PCPI-S question were verified using a two-factor structures (AVE > .50, construct reliability > .70). There was an acceptable known-group validity with a significant correlation between the PCPI-S level and the degree of person-centered care awareness and education. Internal consistency was reliable with Cronbach’s α .95.
Conclusion
The Korean version of PCPI-S is valid and reliable. It can be used as a standardized Korean version of person-centered care measurement tool. Abbreviation: RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; AGFI = adjusted goodness of fit index; AIC = Akaike information criterion; AVE = average variance extracted.

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    Nada Alqarawi, Eman Alhalal, Ibrahim Alasqah
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    Juliana Andrioli Nucci, Edinêis de Brito Guirardello, Ariane Polidoro Dini
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    Ji Su Lee, Mi Heui Jang, Min Jung Sun
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Influence of Self-care on Burnout in Primary Family Caregiver of Person with Dementia
Jeong Hwa Kwon, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(2):217-231.   Published online April 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20274
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of self-care on burnout experienced by primary family caregivers of persons with dementia.
Methods
The subjects of the study were 156 primary family caregivers of persons with dementia at home in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 24.0 for Windows.
Results
The mean scores for self-care and burnout were 42.35 and 61.60, respectively. Self-care, subjective health status, living with a person with dementia, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were significant factors affecting burnout in family caregivers. Self-care was identified as the strongest factor affecting burnout, explaining 13.9% of burnout with controlling factors in caregivers and care receivers.
Conclusion
To prevent burnout in primary family caregivers of persons with dementia, self-care of family caregivers should be emphasized. In nursing education, family caregivers should be recognized and approached as nursing clients who are responsible for taking care of their health. In nursing practice and research, digital self-care or self-care improvement intervention programs should be designed to help family caregivers, and further studies on self-care centered on health of family caregivers should be conducted.

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  • Development of a Tool to Measure Slow Nursing for Older Adults in Long-term Care Hospitals: A Methodological Study
    Hyeon Mi Woo
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(3): 212.     CrossRef
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    Ja Eun Kim, Soo Jin Lee
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(4): 382.     CrossRef
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    Su-jin Lee, Ju-Young Park, Seo-Hyeon Kim
    BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ae-Lyeong Kwon, Hye-Jin Jang, Ki-Jeon Kim
    The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2024; 36(6): 190.     CrossRef
  • Time usage analysis according to occupational area and satisfaction level in family caregivers of dementia patients
    Woo-Hyuk Jang, Jong-Sik Jang, Jong-Hwi Park
    PeerJ.2023; 11: e15178.     CrossRef
  • Self-Care Experiences of Family Members of Mentally Ill Patients
    Won Hee Jun, Eun Ju Cho, Eun Joung Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2022; 31(4): 458.     CrossRef
  • 3,966 View
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  • 2 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
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Effect of Direct Breastfeeding Program for Premature Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Ji Hyun Kang, Hyunmi Son, Shin Yun Byun, Gyumin Han
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):119-132.   Published online February 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20240
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to identify the effects of a direct breastfeeding program for premature infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
Methods
This quasi-experimental study was conducted during August 2016 to April 2017. Sixty mothers of premature infants were assigned to the experimental (n = 31) or control groups (n = 29). The program was comprised of breastfeeding education and direct breastfeeding support. The experimental and control groups were provided with education and counseling on breastfeeding at the time of admission and discharge. In the experimental group, the mothers initiated oral feeding with direct breastfeeding and engaged in breastfeeding at least seven times during the NICU stay. The collected data were analyzed by the χ2 -test and repeated measures ANOVA using an SPSS program.
Results
The experimental group showed a higher direct breastfeeding practice rate (χ2 = 19.29, p < .001), breastfeeding continuation rate (χ2 = 3.76, p < .001), and self-efficacy (F = 25.37, p < .001) than the control group except for maternal attachment.
Conclusion
The direct breastfeeding program in the NICU has significant effects on the practice and continuation rate of breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Therefore, this program can be applied in the NICU settings where direct breastfeeding is limited.

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  • Exploration of Family-Centered Care in NICUs: A Grounded Theory Methodology
    Young Ah Park, YeoJin Im
    Qualitative Health Research.2025; 35(10-11): 1231.     CrossRef
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    Carrie-Ellen Briere, Jessica Gomez
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    Eunju Kwak, Seungmi Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(2): 224.     CrossRef
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  • 162 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Family’s Perception of Proxy Decision Making to Authorize Do Not Resuscitate Order of Elderly Patients in Long Term Care Facility: A Q-Methodological Study
Hyeon Jin Cho, Jiyeon Kang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):15-26.   Published online February 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20188
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to distinguish and describe the types of perceptions of do not resuscitate (DNR) proxy decisions among families of elderly patients in a long-term care facility.
Methods
This exploratory study applied Q-methodology, which focuses on individual subjectivity. Thirty-four Q-statements were selected from 130 Q-populations formed based on the results of in-depth interviews and literature reviews. The P-samples were 34 families of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital in Busan, Korea. They categorized the Q-statements using a 9-point scale. Using the PC-QUANL program, factor analysis was performed with the P-samples along an axis.
Results
The families’ perceptions of the DNR proxy decision were categorized into three types. Type I, rational acceptance, valued consensus among family members based on comprehensive support from medical staff. Type II, psychological burden, involved hesitance in making a DNR proxy decision because of negative emotions and psychological conflict. Type III, discreet decisions, valued the patients’ right to self-determination and desire for a legitimate proxy decision. Type I included 18 participants, which was the most common type, and types II and III each included eight participants.
Conclusion
Families’ perceptions of DNR proxy decisions vary, requiring tailored care and intervention. We suggest developing and providing interventions that may psychologically support families.

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  • Subjectivity study on health conservation of elderly hemodialysis patients
    Eunji Yim, Mijin Yun, Sohyune Sok
    BMC Geriatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    So-Hyeong Sim, Geun Myun Kim, Eun Joo Kim, Soo Jung Chang
    Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2023; Volume 16: 2715.     CrossRef
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  • 32 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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Cut-Off Values of the Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Questionnaire for the Screening of Unplanned Hospital Readmission within One Year
Jiyeon Kang, Yeon Jin Jeong, Jiwon Hong
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(6):787-798.   Published online December 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20233
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to assign weights for subscales and items of the Post-Intensive Care Syndrome questionnaire and suggest optimal cut-off values for screening unplanned hospital readmissions of critical care survivors.
Methods
Seventeen experts participated in an analytic hierarchy process for weight assignment. Participants for cut-off analysis were 240 survivors who had been admitted to intensive care units for more than 48 hours in three cities in Korea. We assessed participants using the 18-item Post-Intensive Care Syndrome questionnaire, generated receiver operating characteristic curves, and analysed cut-off values for unplanned readmission based on sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratios.
Results
Cognitive, physical, and mental subscale weights were 1.13, 0.95, and 0.92, respectively. Incidence of unplanned readmission was 25.4%. Optimal cut-off values were 23.00 for raw scores and 23.73 for weighted scores (total score 54.00), with an area of under the curve (AUC) of .933 and .929, respectively. There was no significant difference in accuracy for original and weighted scores.
Conclusion
The optimal cut-off value accuracy is excellent for screening of unplanned readmissions. We recommend that nurses use the Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Questionnaire to screen for readmission risk or evaluating relevant interventions for critical care survivors.

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    Jiwon Hong, Jiyeon Kang
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(11): 3897.     CrossRef
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    Caidie Yang, Hongmei Wu, Chunmei Luo
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  • 5 Web of Science
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Original Article
Disease Prevention Knowledge, Anxiety, and Professional Identity during COVID-19 Pandemic in Nursing Students in Zhengzhou, China
Yuyan Sun, Dongyang Wang, Ziting Han, Jie Gao, Shanshan Zhu, Huimin Zhang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):533-540.   Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20125
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate nursing students’ understanding of the prevention of COVID-19, as well as their anxiety towards the disease and their perception of their professional identity in the wake of the pandemic, in Zhengzhou, China.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was designed to investigate 474 nursing students by cluster sampling using a stratified questionnaire from February 15 to March 31, 2020. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the factors affecting professional identity. Binary and multiple logistic regression were used to identify the factors affecting anxiety.
Results
Responders with a high level of understanding of COVID-19 and frequent use of behavioral strategies for its prevention comprised 93.2% and 30.0% of the cohort, respectively. Professional identity was significantly associated with gender and anxiety (p < .050). The prevalence of anxiety among nursing students was 12.4%. Male (odds ratio [OR] = 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26~4.52), sophomores (OR = 5.30; 95% CI = 1.61~7.45), and infrequent use of prevention measures (OR = 3.49; 95% CI = 1.16~5.19) had a significant effect on anxiety.
Conclusion
Anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic gives an adverse effect on the professional identity of nursing in students. Nursing education institutions need to provide psychological counseling services for nursing students, in addition to improving their teaching of COVID-19 prevention strategies.

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    Gun Ja Jang, Ginam Jang, Sangjin Ko
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  • 2,458 View
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Review Article
Continuity of Care in Chronic Diseases: A Concept Analysis by Literature Review
Jingjing Hu, Yuexia Wang, Xiaoxi Li
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):513-522.   Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20079
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to utilize concept analysis to obtain a better understanding of the concept of “continuity of care” in chronic diseases.
Methods
The concept of continuity of care was analyzed using the Walker and Avant method. Covering literature in English from 1930 to 2018, the data sources included CINAHL Complete, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, PsyARTICLES, Health Source: Nursing/ Academic Edition, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library.
Results
A comprehensive definition of concept of continuity of care was developed based on a systematic search and synthesis. The key defining attributes were identified as (a) care over time, (b) the relationship between an individual patient and a care team, (c) information transfer, (d) coordination, and (e) meeting changing needs. The antecedents of continuity of care were having a chronic disease, inexperienced with disease management, a poorly coordinated healthcare system, and medical care limitations. The consequences of continuity of care were decreasing hospital admissions, reducing costs, reducing emergency room visits, improving the quality of life, improving patient satisfaction, and delivering good healthcare.
Conclusion
The thorough concept analysis provides insight into the nature of “continuity of care” in chronic diseases and also helps ground the concept in healthcare.

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    Uğur Doğan, Murat Tamer
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    Maren Kristine Raknes Sogstad, Astrid Bergland
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    Rui Pedro Silva, Elisabeth Sousa
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Invited Paper
Development of Caring as a Human Science: 50 Years of History of the Korean Society of Nursing Science
Jeung-Im Kim, Eunyoung E. Suh, Ju-Eun Song, YeoJin Im, Jin-Hee Park, Soyoung Yu, Sun Joo Jang, Da-Hee Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(3):313-332.   Published online June 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20142
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This year 2020 marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Korean Society of Nursing Science (KSNS). This study wasaimed to explore development of caring and describe the 50 years of history of KSNS within the sociocultural context of Korea regardingacademic footsteps, meanings, and implications for the future.
Methods
This study used a historical research methodology using a literaturereview and bibliometric analysis. Relevant literature was reviewed and the published abstracts in the Journal of Korean Academy ofNursing (JKAN) were analyzed using VOSviewer.
Results
Birth control and family planning in the 1970s was the main research topic. In the1980s, the development of nursing concepts, theories, and philosophies was the mission of KSNS to extend the disciplinary boundary. In the1990s, the progress of KSNS to become one of the woman-dominant healthcare professionals was the mission in the given period. Expandingthe frontiers of KSNS to the extent of global standards was the undertaking of the nursing scholars in the 2000s. Lastly, in the 2010s,the quality and quantity improvement of KSNS and JKAN is expected to make our future even prosperous. The map visualization of the 50years of research accumulation showed the comparable opposition of quantitative vs. qualitative research methodologies, equation modeling,and instrument development.
Conclusion
These clusters of research demonstrates the efforts to make nursing evidence by Koreannursing scholars for the last five decades. The growth in the slope of KSNS and outcomes of JKAN are to carry on to an unimaginable extentin the future.

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  • Ten-year trends in research designs and keywords: a bibliometric comparison of the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing and leading international nursing journals
    Jin-Hee Park, Hyun Kyoung Kim, Gaeun Kim, Sun Hyoung Bae
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(4): 557.     CrossRef
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    Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • PERCURSO METODOLÓGICO PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DE DEFINIÇÕES OPERACIONAIS DE DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMAGEM
    Thaís Rodrigues de Albuquerque, Francisco Henryque Soares Morais, Glauberto da Silva Quirino, Marcos Antônio Gomes Brandão, Cândida Caniçali Primo, Rachel de Sá Barreto Luna Callou Cruz
    Enfermagem em Foco.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ji Yeon Lee, Yong Sook Yang, Gi Wook Ryu, Kyoungjin Lee
    International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Seoyeon Kim, Jihyun Jung, Heiyoung Kang, Jeehye Bae, Kayoung Sim, Miyoung Yoo, Eunyoung, E. Suh
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    Young Whee Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(1): 1.     CrossRef
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    Soyoung Yu, Jeung-Im Kim, Jin-Hee Park, Sun Joo Jang, Eunyoung E. Suh, Ju-Eun Song, YeoJin Im
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(4): 501.     CrossRef
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    Kyung-Sook Cho
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  • 7 Web of Science
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Original Articles
Development and Validation of the Self-Care for Aspiration Pneumonia Prevention Scale in the Community Dwelling Elderly with Risk of Dysphasia
Eun Young Yang, Shin-Young Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(3):474-486.   Published online June 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20041
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Korean version of the Self-Care for Aspiration Pneumonia Prevention(SCAPP-K) scale in older adults at risk of dysphasia.
Methods
The Hertz and Baas model of scale development and validation was used. Inthe development stage, items were generated via literature review and interviews with medical experts, older adults, and caregivers. Tenexperts assessed the items for content validity. Subsequently, 12 older adults participated in a pilot test to determine the comprehensibilityand appropriateness of the SCAPP-K scale. The validation stage involved a cross-sectional survey with 203 older adults for exploratoryfactor analysis (EFA) and 200 older adults for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and to determine convergent and discriminant validity. Totest the validity and reliability of the scale, EFA using principal component analysis with varimax rotation and CFA were conducted, andconvergent and discriminant validity as well as internal consistency reliability were determined.
Results
As a result of EFA, three self-carefactors (knowledge, resources, behaviors) with 21 items were validated. The CFA and convergent and discriminant validity indicated theapplicability of the three-factor self-care scale. The reliability of the SCAPP-K scale was acceptable, with Cronbach’s a=.87~.91.
Conclusion
The SCAPP-K scale has acceptable validity and reliability and can contribute to clinical practice, research, and education to improveself-care for the prevention of aspiration pneumonia in older adults at risk of dysphasia.

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  • Cause-specific mortality in Korea during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
    Jinwook Bahk, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
    Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022110.     CrossRef
  • Translation of the Chinese version of the Self‐Care for Aspiration Pneumonia Prevention Scale and its validation among Chinese community dwelling elderly with risk of dysphasia
    Zhen Yang, Fengmin Chen, Yibo Zhang, Sien Pan, Yingying Lu, Huijun Zhang
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    Eun-Jeong Jeon, Kyeong-Yae Sohng, Hye-Ah Yeom
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    Song-Yi Yang, Ji-Won Choi, Sang-Hwan Oh
    Korean Journal of Dental Materials.2021; 48(1): 27.     CrossRef
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  • 3 Web of Science
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Factors Relating to the Quality of Care for Nursing Home Residents in Korea: Using the Delphi Method
Juh Hyun Shin, Eun Mee Kim, Ji Yeon Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):783-794.   Published online December 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.783
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study identified factors related to the quality of care in nursing homes, and elicited consensus opinions from experts on nursing homes.

 Methods

A Delphi questionnaire was developed based on a review of the literature using the keywords “nursing homes,” “workforce,” and “quality of care.” A total of two Delphi surveys were conducted with 14 experts. The important and urgent factors related to the quality of care for nursing home residents emerged.

 Results

A consensus was achieved on the important and urgent factors relating to the quality of care. The related factors were grouped into four sections: Organizational Characteristics, Staffing Characteristics, the Long-Term Care Market and Legal and Policy Issues, and Nursing Processes. In total, 23 items were important factors and 26 items were urgent factors relating to the quality of care. In addition, the unanimous advocacy by the experts for increased hours per resident day for registered nurses (RNs, 41 minutes 59 seconds) was much higher than the current hours per resident day of RNs in Korea.

 Conclusion

To provide optimal care for residents in nursing homes in Korea, the mandatory and essential placement of RNs with professional knowledge and skills is paramount.

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  • The effects of special nursing units in nursing homes on healthcare utilization and cost: A case-control study using propensity score matching
    Eunhee Cho, Eun-Young Kim, Kyung Hee Lee, Hye-Ryoung Kim, Seonhwa Choi, Yea Seul Yoon, EunKyo Kim, Seok-Jae Heo, Se Young Jung, Jiyoon Jang
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    Seonhwa Choi, Eunhee Cho, Eunkyo Kim, Kyongeun Lee, Soo Jung Chang
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sunjoo Boo, Jungah Lee, Hyunjin Oh
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    Juh Hyun Shin, Gui Yun Choi, Jiyeon Lee
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2020; 22(4): 291.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Long-term Care Hospitals' Nurse Staffing Level on Patient Outcomes: Differences according to Region
    Kyung Jin Hong
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(4): 354.     CrossRef
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  • 3 Web of Science
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Path Analysis for Delirium on Patient Prognosis in Intensive Care Units
Sunhee Lee, Sun-Mi Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):724-735.   Published online December 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.724
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to investigate relationship between delirium, risk factors on delirium, and patient prognosis based on Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model.

 Methods

This study utilized a path analysis design. We extracted data from the electronic medical records containing delirium screening data. Each five hundred data in a delirium and a non-delirium group were randomly selected from electronic medical records of medical and surgical intensive care patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and AMOS 24.

 Results

In the final model, admission via emergency department (B=.06, p=.019), age over 65 years (B=.11, p=.001), unconsciousness (B=.18, p=.001), dependent activities (B=.12, p=.001), abnormal vital signs (B=.12, p=.001), pressure ulcer risk (B=.12, p=.001), enteral nutrition (B=.12, p=.001), and use of restraint (B=.30, p=.001) directly affecting delirium accounted for 56.0% of delirium cases. Delirium had a direct effect on hospital mortality (B=.06, p=.038), hospital length of stay (B=5.06, p=.010), and discharge to another facility (not home) (B=.12, p=.001), also risk factors on delirium indirectly affected patient prognosis through delirium.

 Conclusion

The use of interventions to reduce delirium may improve patient prognosis. To improve the dependency activities and risk of pressure ulcers that directly affect delirium, early ambulation is encouraged, and treatment and nursing interventions to remove the ventilator and drainage tube quickly must be provided to minimize the application of restraint. Further, delirium can be prevented and patient prognosis improved through continuous intervention to stimulate cognitive awareness and monitoring of the onset of delirium. This study also discussed the effects of delirium intervention on the prognosis of patients with delirium and future research in this area.

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  • Does ICU admission dysphagia independently contribute to delirium risk in ischemic stroke patients? Results from a cohort study
    Hongtao Cheng, Simeng Song, Yonglan Tang, Shiqi Yuan, Xiaxuan Huang, Yitong Ling, Zichen Wang, Xiaoying Tian, Jun Lyu
    BMC Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yul Ha Lee, Hye-Ja Park
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(3): 267.     CrossRef
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    Jaeyeon Jung, Sujin Jang, Seonmi Jo, Sunhee Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(2): 134.     CrossRef
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    Young Sook Roh
    Intensive and Critical Care Nursing.2021; 62: 102954.     CrossRef
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    Heejeong Kim, Sun-Mi Lee
    Journal of Nursing Care Quality.2021; 36(4): 361.     CrossRef
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    Jiyeon Kang, Min Jeong Choi
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2021; 14(3): 141.     CrossRef
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Development and Application of Cost Management Program for Visiting Nursing Centers Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing
Juhang Kim, Ji Young Lim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):586-600.   Published online October 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.586
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study aimed to develop a web-based cost management program for visiting nursing centers (CMP-VNC), using time-driven activity-based costing (TD-ABC), and to analyze effects of the program.

 Methods

The CMP-VNC was developed using the combined prototyping approach and system developing life cycle method following four stages: need analysis with comprehensive literature reviews and focus group interviews, design and development of program algorithm, evaluation of the developed program validity using experts and users group, and application and effects analysis. The non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used to analyze the effects of the program. The program demonstration was conducted for four weeks with 60 visiting nurses in 35 visiting centers.

 Results

The web-based program was developed. It has five interfaces with basic and special functions using TD-ABC, namely, input, visiting nursing activity, visiting nursing activity cost, cost efficiency, and cost calculation report. The experimental group showed significantly higher cost perception and cost confidence than control group.

 Conclusion

We found that the CMP-VNC can be an effective tool to increase visiting nurses’ competency of costing and enhance efficiencies of visiting nursing centers.

  • 1,711 View
  • 13 Download
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Development and Effect of a Fall Prevention Program Based on the King's Goal Attainment Theory for Fall High-Risk Elderly Patients in Long-Term Care Hospital
Bom Mi Park, Ho Sihn Ryu, Kyeung Eun Kwon, Chun Young Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):203-214.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.203
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study to develop a fringed fall prevention program based on King's goal attainment theory and education. This study is applied to the personal, interpersonal, and social systems of fall high-risk patients to test its effects.

 Methods

This study was a nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test design. There were 52 fall high-risk patients in the experimental group and 45 in the control group. The experimental group received six sessions, with the group sessions lasting 60 minutes and the individual sessions lasting 20~30 minutes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an χ2-test, a paired sample t-test, and a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test utilizing IBM SPSS software.

 Results

For the 3-month intervention period, the fall prevention program was found to be particularly effective for patients in the experimental group (from 3.38 to 1.69 per 1000 patient days; p=.044), as opposed to the control group (from 1.94 to 1.49 per 1000 patient days; p=.300). For the 6-month follow up period, the fall prevention program was again found to be effective for patients in the experimental group (from 3.26 to 0.76 per 1000 patient days; p=.049) compared to the control group (from 1.98 to 1.01 per 1000 patient days; p=.368).

 Conclusion

These results indicate that the fringed fall prevention program is very effective in reducing falls, not only during the intervention period, but also after the intervention period has ended. We can therefore recommend this program for use concerning fall high-risk patients in long-term care hospitals.

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    Yaohui Yu, Yudan Wang, Xiaoli Hou, Faming Tian
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    Maria Aline Moreira Ximenes, Maria Girlane Sousa Albuquerque Brandão, Thiago Moura de Araújo, Nelson Miguel Galindo Neto, Lívia Moreira Barros, Joselany Áfio Caetano
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  • Application Value of Rehabilitation Nursing in Patients with Stroke Based on the Theory of Interactive Standard: A Randomized Controlled Study
    Ningning Li, Jun Wang, Mei Zheng, Qunying Ge, Mozaniel Oliveira
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A Predictive Model on Patient-Centered Care of Hospital Nurses in Korea
Hyun Jeong, Myonghwa Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):191-202.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.191
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Patient-centered care is a widely utilized concept in nursing and health care. However, the key components of patient-centered nursing have not yet been reported. Moreover, previous studies on patient-centered care have mostly focused on components of nursing rather than organizational factors. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of influential factors of patient-centered care is required.

 Methods

The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical model based on person-centered care theory, and the relevant literature and to test the developed model with covariance structure analysis in order to determine the causal paths among the variables.

 Results

The model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level (goodness of fit index=.87, standardized root mean residual=.01, root mean square error of approximation=.06, Tucker-Lewis index=.90, comparative fit index=.92, parsimonious normed fit index=.75). In this study, five of the six paths established in the initial hypothetical model were supported. The variables of teamwork, self-leadership, and empathy accounted for 56.4% of hospital nurses' patient-centered care. Among these, empathy was the strongest predictor of patient-centered care.

 Conclusion

These results suggest that it is necessary to use strategies to improve self-leadership and empathy. In addition to enhancing the personal factors of nurses, nursing organizations should strive for effective multidisciplinary cooperation with active support for patient-centered care and openness to change.

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Public Reporting on the Quality Ratings of Nursing Homes in the Republic of Korea
Hyang Yuol Lee, Juh Hyun Shin
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):161-170.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.161
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Quality ratings could provide vital information to help people in choosing a nursing home.

 Purpose

This study investigated factors aligned with quality ratings of nursing homes.

 Methods

We employed a cross-sectional descriptive design to assess publicly available data on 1,354 nursing homes with 30 or more beds in the Republic of Korea. After excluding 289 nursing homes with no reported quality-evaluation ratings, we analyzed the 2015 data of 1,065 nursing homes. To prevent multicollinearity among independent variables, we carefully selected the final set of variables based on clinical and theoretical meaningfulness to direct nursing care. Quality, the ordinal outcome, was scored from 1 to 5 with a higher score indicating higher quality of the organization. We constructed a multivariate ordered logistic regression model.

 Results

Higher quality ratings of nursing homes was significantly related to the number of unoccupied beds (OR=0.99, p=.024), registered nurses (RNs) (OR=1.30, p=.003), qualified care workers (OR=1.03, p=.011), cognitive-improvement programs (OR=1.05, p=.024), and other programs for residents' activities (OR=1.09, p<.001).

 Conclusion

The number of RNs had the strongest influence on the publicly reported quality rating, while the rating of qualified care workers demonstrated little effect and that of nursing assistants had no effect. The number of RNs could be used as a crucial indicator for high-quality homes; more resident-engaging programs also demonstrated better quality of nursing home care.

Citations

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Effects of a Reinforcement Program for Postpartum Care Behavioral Skills of Couples with Their First Baby
Meera Park, Kyung Min Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):137-148.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.137
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a reinforcement program for behavioral skills in postpartum care for couples with their first baby.

 Methods

The study used a non-equivalent control group and pretest-posttest design. It was conducted from January 14 to April 10, 2016 at a postpartum care center in D city. It analyzed 43 couples (22 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group.) For data analysis, descriptive statistics, test of homogeneity in pretest, independent t-tests, and repeated measures ANOVA were used.

 Results

For maternal fulfillment of postpartum care and postpartum fatigue, there was no significant difference in the interaction between group and time. In terms of parent-newborns attachment, the interaction between group and time showed a significant difference for mothers (F=13.63, p=.001) and fathers (F=6.51, p=.001). In marital intimacy, the interaction between group and time showed a significant difference for mothers (F=14.40, p<.001) and fathers (F=9.46, p=.004). In parenting stress, the interaction between group and time showed a significant difference for mothers (F=31.8, p<.001) and fathers (F=11.69, p=.001). A significant difference was found for the mothers' postpartum sleeping hours (F=0.14 p=.004).

 Conclusion

This program for behavioral skills in postpartum care, which is based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model, improves postpartum care, parent-newborn attachment, marital intimacy, parenting stress, and maternal postpartum sleeping, by reinforcing behavioral skills required for postpartum care.

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    Seol Hui Park, Seang Ryu
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Influencing Factors and Consequences of Near Miss Experience in Nurses’ Medication Error
Jin Hee Park, Eun Nam Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):631-642.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.631
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to predict the influencing factors and the consequences of near miss in nurses’ medication error based upon Salazar & Primomo's ecological system theory.

 Methods

A convenience sample of 198 nurses was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from July to September 2016. Using the collected data, the developed model was verified by structural equation modeling analysis using SPSS and AMOS program.

 Results

For the fitness of the hypothetical model, the results showed that χ 2 (χ 2=258.50, p<.001) was not fit, but standardized χ 2 (χ 2/df=2.35) was a good fit for this model. Additionally, absolute fit index RMR=.06, RMSEA=.08, GFI=.86, AGFI=.81 reached the recommended level, but the Incremental fit index TLI=.82, CFI=.85 was not enough to reach to the recommended level. With the path diagram of the hypothetical model, caution (β=-.29 p<.001), patient safety culture (β=-.20, p=.041), and work load (β=.18, p=.037) had a significant effect on the near miss experiences in nurses’ medication error, while fatigue (β=-.06, p=.575) did not affect it. Moreover, the near miss experience had a significant effect on work productivity (β=-.25, p=.001).

 Conclusion

These results have shown that to decrease the near miss experience by nurses and increase their work productivity in hospital environments would require both personal and organizational effort.

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