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Review Paper
Variables influencing digital health literacy in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jin Hwa Park, Eun Ju Mun
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(4):651-667.   Published online November 27, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25112
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to synthesize existing evidence on digital health literacy (DHL) among older adults and to estimate the associations between related influencing factors through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Literature searches were performed across PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, RISS, and DBPIA. The search and screening process was conducted from December 24, 2023, to March 31, 2025. Effect sizes (ESr) using correlation coefficient for each variable were calculated, and meta-analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel and R version 4.3.1.
Results
Forty-seven variables were identified, including two demographic, six physical, six behavioral, 23 psychosocial, and 10 cognitive factors. Meta-analysis results showed that physical, behavioral, psychosocial, and cognitive factors had significant effects on DHL. Among these, digital information level (ESr=.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55 to 0.69) within the cognitive domain and technophobia (ESr=−.55; 95% CI, −0.47 to −0.40) within the psychosocial domain demonstrated the largest ESr.
Conclusion
Among factors influencing DHL, digital information level and technophobia showed the strongest associations. These findings suggest that improving DHL in older adults requires a dual approach targeting both cognitive and psychosocial dimensions—enhancing digital information skills while reducing technophobia—to effectively support digital engagement and health empowerment in this population (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023487486).
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Research Papers
Multidimensional factors influencing the completion of advance directives among community-dwelling older Koreans
Hee-Ju Ji, Soong-Nang Jang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(4):543-556.   Published online November 18, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25098
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the multidimensional factors associated with the completion of advance directives (ADs) among community-dwelling older Koreans, guided by conceptual frameworks developed in Asian contexts.
Methods
Data from the 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans (sixth wave) were analyzed for 9,951 community-dwelling older Koreans aged 65 years or older. Complex sample cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Results
In total, 11.1% of community-dwelling older Koreans had completed an AD. Significant factors associated with AD completion were identified across four domains—personal situation: age, educational level, religion, and housing preference in the event of poor health; socio-cultural: presence of children, participation in social activities and satisfaction with social relationships; physical and illness: the number of chronic diseases; and value system: awareness of hospice and palliative services, participation in death preparedness education, and documentation of organ donation.
Conclusion
Among older Koreans, AD completion represents more than a documentation process; it reflects a complex decision-making process shaped by their values and life circumstances, underscoring the need for supportive interventions. As the highest AD completion rates are found among older adults, related policies should be aligned with older adult-centered policy frameworks.
  • 1,557 View
  • 157 Download
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Effects of an agro-healing program on depression, stress, and cognitive function in older adults: a quasi-experimental study
Gyu Yeon Park, Kwang Ok Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(3):342-352.   Published online August 21, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25058
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an agro-healing program on depression, stress, and cognitive function in older adults.
Methods
A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pretest–posttest design was used. The study was conducted from July 16 to September 6, 2024. Sixty-two individuals aged 65 or older residing in Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, were recruited according to the selection criteria (31 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group). The final analysis included 30 participants in each group. The program was delivered by one main instructor (a healing farmer) and three assistants. The pretest assessed general characteristics, the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form-Korean Version, Stress Response Inventory-Modified Form, and Cognitive Impairment Screening Test. The experimental group participated in the agro-healing program once a week for 90 minutes over 8 weeks. The posttest included the same measurements as the pretest. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 23.0.
Results
The experimental group, which participated in the healing agriculture program, showed reduced depression (F=7.97, p=.007) and stress (F=282.70, p<.001) and improved cognitive function (F=10.12, p=.002) compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that the agro-healing program is an effective intervention for reducing depression and stress and improving cognitive function in older adults. We propose its use to promote health and prevent dementia in this population.
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Development of a scale to measure fear of falling in older adults: a psychometric validation study
Dayeon Lee, Sunghee H Tak
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(3):413-424.   Published online August 21, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25036
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to develop a scale to measure fear of falling in older adults and to validate its reliability and validity.
Methods
In total, 31 initial items were developed by referring to expressions from previous studies and items from existing instruments. After verifying content validity through expert evaluation, the remaining 27 items were used to construct a survey. Data from 252 participants recruited at three senior welfare centers in the metropolitan area were analyzed to examine item analysis, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test construct validity. The correlation with the Korean version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (KFES-I) was used to assess convergent validity. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to determine reliability.
Results
The final instrument consisted of 21 items. CFA confirmed acceptable model fit. Convergent validity was also acceptable and discriminant validity was partially supported. Correlations with the KFES-I ranged from .54 to .63. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the total score and all factors ranged from .84 to .97.
Conclusion
The Fear of Falling Scale for Older Adults developed in this study is a validated tool capable of measuring various dimensions of fear of falling. It provides a foundation for accurately assessing fear of falling in older adults and addressing its specific aspects.
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Work system analysis of health management for individuals with disabilities in supportive housing: a focus group study using the SEIPS framework
Haesun Lee, Hye Jin Nam, Bohye Kim, Ju Young Yoon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(3):454-467.   Published online August 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25018
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study conducted a work-system analysis using the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework to assess the flow of health-related information, and the current status of health management tasks for individuals with disabilities (IWD) in supportive housing.
Methods
This qualitative study utilized focus groups. Participants included a head of supportive housing, a team leader, a care coordinator and three personal support workers for IWD. Semi-structured interviews were guided by the SEIPS framework to explore the components of persons, tasks, tools and technology, organization, and environments.
Results
This study identified five key themes within the five SEIPS components: (1) disparities in role identity and health literacy among staff, (2) challenges in health care support reflecting a person-centered approach, (3) barriers in health-related information exchange and communication tools, (4) needs for organizational strategies or information communication, and (5) needs for integrating health-related information across external healthcare institutions. Additionally, 10 sub-themes were identified.
Conclusions
These findings provide a comprehensive system-wide perspective and offer insights into the systematic approaches needed to improve healthcare processes and structures within disability supportive housing. Specifically, healthcare providers and effective tools for integrating health-related information are identified as critical components.
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  • 89 Download
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Effectiveness of a mobile application for tracking symptoms and enhancing symptom management among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Bangkok, Thailand: a non-randomized controlled trial
Duangrat Kaveenuntachai, Supawan Jaiboon, Bualuang Sumdaengrit, Chureeporn Silaguntsuti, Arveewan Vittayatigonnasak, Pornchan Sailamai
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(2):178-190.   Published online May 27, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25011
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a mobile application in tracking symptoms and improving symptom management and quality of life (QoL) among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Thailand.
Methods
A non-randomized controlled trial was used, with 25 participants in the intervention group and 25 in the control group. Research instruments included a demographic data form, the NCI-PRO-CTCAE Items-Thai-Thailand version 1.0, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire and Breast Cancer-Specific Module.
Results
The intervention group had significantly less severe side effects than the control group, with mean differences of –23.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], –27.82 to –18.83) on day 1, –28.18 (95% CI, –33.22 to –23.14) on day 3, –34.63 (95% CI, –40.18 to –29.08) on day 7, –42.56 (95% CI, –48.72 to –36.40) on day 14, and –51.31 (95% CI, –58.13 to –44.48) on day 21 (p<.001 for all). On day 21, participants in the intervention group reported significantly higher scores in the Global Health QoL and Functional Scales compared to the control group (p<.001). Additionally, intervention group participants reported lower scores on the Symptom Scales and higher scores on the Functional Scales than those in the control group (p<.001).
Conclusion
The ChemoPro application helped manage chemotherapy-related symptoms and was associated with improved symptom monitoring and QoL. Nonetheless, the study was limited by a small sample size and restriction to Android users. Future research with larger and more diverse populations is recommended before broader implementation in clinical practice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effectiveness of a digital health intervention on the supportive care needs and quality of life in Mexican patients with breast cancer: a randomized clinical trial
    Saúl Eduardo Contreras-Sánchez, Svetlana V. Doubova, Rocío Grajales-Álvarez, Ricardo Villalobos-Valencia, Abdel Karim Dip-Borunda, José Gustavo Nuñez-Cerrillo, Alma Diana Huerta-López, Álvaro José Montiel-Jarquín, Arturo García-Galicia, Enrique Isay Talam
    BMC Cancer.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,258 View
  • 215 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Successful aging among the elderly with mild cognitive impairment facing the crisis of old age: a grounded theory study
Haeyun Shin, Suhye Kwon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(2):301-316.   Published online May 27, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24114
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to understand experiences of successful aging experience in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
Methods
The participants were 15 older adults with mild cognitive impairment who had experienced successful aging. Data were collected from January to October 2021 through individual deep, unstructured interviews. Data analysis was performed using Charmaz’s grounded theory method. In addition, the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist was used to ensure the quality of the study.
Results
The key category representing experiences of successful aging experience in older adults with mild cognitive impairment was “raising oneself up in the unsettling crisis of old age.” Four stages were derived: “feeling anguished due to the strange signals of memory,” “being shaken by fading memory,” “maintaining balance for a healthy old age,” and “recovering the composure of old age.”
Conclusion
Participants tried to successfully achieve aging while implementing their own plans and strategies in the midst of the challenges of old age, when the mind and body were unsettled by mild cognitive impairment. The results of this study provide a deep understanding of experiences of successful aging in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, potentially contributing to the development and implement of nursing intervention programs to promote the successful pursuit of aging in this population.
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A non-face-to-face diabetes self-management program based on self-efficacy theory and health literacy: a non-randomized controlled trial
Jung Hee Lee, Soo Jin Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(2):165-177.   Published online May 23, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25009
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the impact of a non-face-to-face diabetes self-management program based on self-efficacy theory and focusing on health literacy.
Methods
A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pre–post design was used. Participants from a community health promotion center were included if they (1) were 30–70 years of age, (2) had type 2 diabetes with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%, and (3) had internet access via computers or mobile devices. The 8-week program was developed based on self-efficacy theory, and it included virtual education using an online platform, telephone counseling, videos, and social networking site activities considering health literacy. Fasting blood glucose levels, HbA1c levels, diabetes self-efficacy, social support, depression, and self-management behaviors were assessed. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, paired t-test, and others.
Results
Post-test results showed that the intervention group had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels and improved diabetes self-efficacy, social support, and self-management behaviors compared with the control group. An analysis of the pre-to-post changes in scores indicated that the intervention group had significantly greater improvements in fasting blood glucose levels, diabetes self-efficacy, and overall diabetes self-management behaviors than those observed in the control group.
Conclusion
Non-face-to-face programs based on self-efficacy theory that consider health literacy can provide effective diabetes management support to patients when in-person diabetes management at community health centers is challenging.
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Development of a well-dying awareness scale for middle-aged adults in Korea: a mixed-methods study
Yu Jin Jung, Eun Joung Choi
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(2):285-300.   Published online March 28, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24121
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable tool to measure awareness of well-dying among middle-aged adults.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was adopted, consisting of a qualitative phase to identify the characteristics of well-dying and a quantitative phase to validate the instrument with middle-aged participants. Initially, 76 items were generated through a literature review and in-depth interviews, and these were reduced to 35 items through expert validation. A pilot survey was conducted with 112 individuals aged 40–65, selected via quota sampling from 17 administrative regions in South Korea. Based on the pilot survey results, the instrument was refined to 32 items for the main survey. The main survey included 314 participants recruited through quota sampling in Busan and Ulsan Metropolitan Cities and Gyeongsang Region. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability testing were performed to validate the instrument.
Results
The final scale comprised 23 items across six factors. EFA demonstrated an explanatory power of 69.1%, with factor loadings ranging from 0.53 to 0.88. CFA confirmed the instrument’s validity, and reliability was established with a Cronbach’s α of .93.
Conclusion
This instrument is a validated and reliable tool for measuring middle-aged individuals’ awareness of well-dying. It can serve as an effective resource for evaluating and assessing well-dying awareness in the middle-aged population.
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Nomogram for predicting changes in cognitive function in community dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment based on Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing Panel Data: a retrospective study
Hyuk Joon Kim, Hye Young Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):50-63.   Published online February 7, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24059
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to identify factors associated with normal cognitive reversion and progression to dementia in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) residing in the community and to develop a nomogram.
Methods
This longitudinal study used secondary data from the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing Panel Data (2006–2018). The study included 1,262 participants aged 60 or older, with initial Mini-Mental State Examination scores ranging from 18 to 23. Data were analyzed using the Rao-Scott chi-square test, panel binary logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in Stata ver. 17.0 (Stata Corp.).
Results
The rate of reversion from MCI to normal cognition was 37.0% after 2 years and 32.9% after 12 years. The rate of progression to dementia was 18.0% after 2 years and 30.2% after 12 years. In the nomogram for reversion to normal cognition, the most significant influences were grip strength, depression, number of meetings, age, and regular exercise, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of .66. In contrast, in the nomogram for progression to dementia, the most significant influences were age, grip strength, instrumental activities of daily living, number of social meetings attended, depression, and regular exercise, with an AUC of .69.
Conclusion
These nomograms can serve as an effective intervention tool for preventing dementia in the field of community health care since they can serve as a visual technique for presenting information on risk to individuals with MCI.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Longitudinal Relationship Between Physical Functions and Cognitive Functions Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Primary Care
    Nan Hu, Wupeng Yin, Rabeya Illyas Noon, Noof Alabdullatif
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2025; 22(6): 908.     CrossRef
  • Development and Validation of a Nomogram Predicting Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
    Sook Kyoung Park, Hyuk Joo Kim, Young-Me Lee, Hye Young Kim
    INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of Emotional Labor on Burnout in Nurses: Focusing on the Moderating Effects of Social Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence
    Kyung Ran Lee, Jeoung Mi Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2016; 22(1): 22.     CrossRef
  • 3,511 View
  • 212 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Analysis of the Adequacy of Nurse Staffing Level through the Estimation of Nursing Activity Hours and Implementation of Focus Group Interviews in a Tertiary Hospital: Using a Mixed-Method Design
Hyun-Joo Kim, Sun-Hee Lee, Jai-Jung Lee, Sun-Suk Seong, Hee Yang, Hyang-Yuol Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):237-249.   Published online May 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22142
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the adequacy of current nurse staffing levels by identifying nursing activities and workload.
Methods
The study used a mixed-method design. A nursing activity survey was conducted using the work sampling method over 2 working days with 119 general ward nurses. A focus group interview was conducted with 12 nurses. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and content analysis, respectively.
Results
The most amount of time was spent on medication (in direct nursing) and electronic medical record documentation (in indirect nursing). The appropriate nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:7.7 for the day shift, 1:9.0 for the evening shift, and 1:11.9 for the night shift. However, the current nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:9.4, 1:11.0, and 1:13.8 for the day, evening, and night shifts, respectively. Therefore, the current nurse staffing level is insufficient for the workload. In the focus group interview, the main reasons cited for being unable to complete tasks within working hours were communication and coordination, and the nursing electronic medical record. The essential nursing activities of basic nursing and emotional support were overlooked owing to a heavy workload. Therefore, an adequate nurse staffing level should be higher than the measured quantitative workload.
Conclusion
These results suggest the general wards of tertiary hospitals should evaluate the adequacy of their current nurse staffing and allocate sufficient nurses to improve patient safety and nursing care quality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Nurses' Experience Working with Substitute Nurses
    Hye Mi Kim, Yeon Hee Kim, Jeong Hye Kim
    Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2025; 10(3): 208.     CrossRef
  • 3,042 View
  • 262 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Experiences of Transitional Care for Medicaid Case Managers
Yunhee Hwang, Gaeon Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(5):556-569.   Published online October 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23031
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This phenomenological study tried to understand the essence of the transitional care experience of medicaid case managers and its structural meaning. In addition, it was attempted to establish a system of transitional care and seek support measures for medicaid case managers.
Methods
The participants of this study were 7 medicaid case managers who had spent more than 1 year and 6 months in medicaid pilot project. Data were collected with individual in-depth interviews from June to December 2021. The data were analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method.
Results
The seven constituents derived from the results of this study were 'struggle to establish a living environment', 'dedication to supporting independent living', 'anxiety about safety', 'pressure on care responsibilities', ‘distress in building the pilot project’, 'pride in role', and 'expectation for improvement'.
Conclusion
The study results provide a comprehensive understanding of the transition care reality for medicaid case managers. They also shed light on managers’ perceptions and attitudes. These findings can serve as fundamental information for establishing support measures for medicaid case managers and transitional care systems.
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An Investigation of the Cumulative Effects of Depressive Symptoms on the Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging
Eunmi Kim, Jinkyung Oh, Iksoo Huh
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(4):453-467.   Published online August 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23018
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study investigated the cumulative effects of depressive symptoms on cognitive function over time in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Data were investigated from 2,533 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) from the 5th (2014) to the 8th wave (2020). The association between cumulative depressive symptoms and cognitive function was identified through multiple regression analysis. Results: When the multiple regression analysis was conducted from each wave, the current depressive symptoms scores and cognitive function scores were negatively associated, regardless of the waves (B5th = - 0.26, B6th = - 0.26, B7th = - 0.26, and B8th = - 0.27; all p < .001). Further, when all the previous depressive symptoms scores were added as explanatory variables in the 8th wave, the current one (B8th = - 0.09, p < .001) and the previous ones (B5th = - 0.11, B6th = - 0.09, and B7th = - 0.13; all p < .001) were also negatively associated with the cognitive function score. The delta R2 , which indicates the difference between the model’s R2 with and without the depressive symptoms scores, was greater in the model with all the previous and current depressive symptoms scores (6.4%) than in the model with only the current depressive symptoms score (3.6%). Conclusion: Depressive symptoms in older adults have a long-term impact. This results in an accumulated adverse effect on the cognitive function. Therefore, to prevent cognitive decline in older adults, we suggest detecting their depressive symptoms early and providing continuous intervention to reduce exposure to long-term depressive symptoms.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Systematic identification and quantification of factors and their interactions with age, sex, and panel wave influencing cognitive function in Korean older adults
    Eunmi Kim, Jinkyung Oh, Jungsoo Gim, Iksoo Huh
    Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,263 View
  • 56 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of Self-Efficacy for HIV Disease Management Skills
Gwang Suk Kim, Layoung Kim, Mi-So Shim, Seoyoung Baek, Namhee Kim, Min Kyung Park, Youngjin Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(3):295-308.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23016
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study evaluated the validity and reliability of Shively and colleagues’ self-efficacy for HIV disease management skills (HIVSE) among Korean participants.
Methods
The original HIV-SE questionnaire, comprising 34 items, was translated into Korean using a translation and back-translation process. To enhance clarity and eliminate redundancy, the author and expert committee engaged in multiple discussions and integrated two items with similar meanings into a single item. Further, four HIV nurse experts tested content validity. Survey data were collected from 227 individuals diagnosed with HIV from five Korean hospitals. Construct validity was verified through confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion validity was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients with the new general self-efficacy scale. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest were examined for reliability.
Results
The Korean version of HIV-SE (K-HIV-SE) comprises 33 items across six domains: “managing depression/mood,” “managing medications,” “managing symptoms,” “communicating with a healthcare provider,” “getting support/help,” and “managing fatigue.” The fitness of the modified model was acceptable (minimum value of the discrepancy function/degree of freedom = 2.49, root mean square error of approximation = .08, goodnessof-fit index = .76, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = .71, Tucker-Lewis index = .84, and comparative fit index = .86). The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = .91) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .73) were good. The criterion validity of the K-HIV-SE was .59 (p < .001).
Conclusion
This study suggests that the K-HIV-SE is useful for efficiently assessing self-efficacy for HIV disease management.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Providing 2 Types of mHealth Interventions to Support Self-Management Among People Living With HIV: Randomized Clinical Trial
    Gwang Suk Kim, Layoung Kim, Seoyoung Baek, Sooyoung Kwon, Ji Min Kim, Jun Yong Choi, Jae-Phil Choi
    JMIR mHealth and uHealth.2025; 13: e60905.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with health-related quality of life among people living with HIV in South Korea: Tobit regression analysis
    Gwang Suk Kim, Layoung Kim, SangA Lee, Mi-So Shim, Youngjin Lee, Seoyoung Baek, Claus Kadelka
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0303568.     CrossRef
  • Three cycles of mobile app design to improve HIV self-management: A development and evaluation study
    Gwang Suk Kim, Layoung Kim, Seoyoung Baek, Mi-So Shim, SangA Lee, Ji Min Kim, Jong Yae Yoon, Jin Kim, JunYong Choi, Jae-Phil Choi
    DIGITAL HEALTH.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,917 View
  • 64 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Association between Visual Impairment and Nutritional Risk among Older Adults with Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Eunjin Yang, Kyung Hee Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(2):167-176.   Published online April 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22141
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Despite the high prevalence of visual impairment caused by diabetic retinopathy and nutritional problems among older adults with diabetes, evidence regarding factors related to nutritional risk in this population is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the correlates of nutritional risk among older adults with diabetes, focusing on visual impairment.
Methods
This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans aged 65 years and above. The sample comprised 2,376 older adults with diabetes, and complex sample ANOVA and Rao–Scott chi-square tests were used to compare the groups according to visual impairment. Complex-sample logistic regression analyses were conducted to verify the association between visual impairment and nutritional risk.
Results
Older adults with diabetes, who also have severe visual impairment, are more likely to have nutritional risk status than those without impairment after controlling for covariates (odds ratio [OR] = 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16~5.13). Among the covariates, depression (OR = 3.58, 95% CI 2.60~4.94), dependent activities of daily living status (OR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.60~4.86), and experience of hospitalization during the past year (OR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.57~4.03) were strongly associated with nutritional risk.
Conclusion
Severe visual impairment increases the nutritional risk among older adults with diabetes. Therefore, it is essential to prevent visual impairment due to exacerbation of diabetes through appropriate management. Additionally, tailored nutritional interventions for visually impaired older adults with diabetes that consider visual characteristics are required.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Associations of Alcohol Drinking with Chronic Diseases among Korean Men with Severe Vision Disorders
    Sunmee YUN-WELCH, Sunhee KIM, Jeehoon LEE, Mieun YUN, Geumseon LEE
    Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2025; 25(4): 147.     CrossRef
  • Insights into the associated risk factors of malnutrition among nursing home residents: A longitudinal study
    Johanna de Almeida Mello, Emilie Schoebrechts, Patricia Ann Ivonne Vandenbulcke, Anja Declercq, Jan De Lepeleire, Christophe Matthys, Dominique Declerck, Joke Duyck
    Clinical Nutrition.2024; 43(11): 166.     CrossRef
  • Frailty and Visual Impairment in Elderly Individuals: Improving Outcomes and Modulating Cognitive Decline Through Collaborative Care Between Geriatricians and Ophthalmologists
    Daniel Dinarvand, Johann Panthakey, Ahmed Hassan, Mohamed H. Ahmed
    Diseases.2024; 12(11): 273.     CrossRef
  • Malnutrition Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Dual Sensory Declines: Focusing on Social Determinants of Health
    Ha Na Jeong
    Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2024; 35: 325.     CrossRef
  • 2,619 View
  • 62 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
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Effects of Clinical Nurses’ Job Crafting on Organizational Effectiveness Based on Job DemandsResource Model
Eun Young Lee, Eungyung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):129-143.   Published online February 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22138
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of clinical nurses’ job crafting on organizational effectiveness based on the job demands-resources model proposed by Bakker and Demerouti (2017).
Methods
The participants consisted of 393 nurses working in nursing units of a tertiary general hospital located in Cheongju region. The data, collected using questionnaire from August 9 to August 20, 2021, were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 27.0.
Results
The goodness-of-fit (GoF) test results on the modified model (χ 2 = 2.7, GFI = .94, SRMR = .03, RMSEA = .06, NFI = .92, CFI = .94, TLI = .92, AGFI = .90), indicated that the GoF index satisfied the recommended level. Regarding the effects of each variable on organizational effectiveness, job crafting showed statistically significant direct (β = .48, p < .001), indirect (β = .23, p < .001), and total effects (β = .71, p < .001). Burnout showed statistically significant direct effect (β = - .17, p < .001). Work engagement showed statistically significant direct (β = .41, p < .001) and total effects (β = .41, p < .001). The factors explaining organizational effectiveness were job crafting, burnout, and work engagement, which had an explanatory power of 76.7%.
Conclusion
Nurses’ job crafting is an important mediating factor for enhancing the organizational effectiveness of nursing organizations. Hospitals should develop job-crafting success cases and related education and training programs as a strategy for enhancing the job crafting of nurses and, consequently organizational effectiveness.

Citations

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  • Hospital Nurses’ Professional Quality of Life Model: A Cross‐Sectional Study Based on the Expanded Job Demands‐Resources Model
    Younghee Kim, Mi Yu, Jacopo Fiorini
    Journal of Nursing Management.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The impact of grit and job crafting on organizational commitment and job satisfaction among hospital nurses in Korea
    Mi-Suk Hyun
    Medicine.2025; 104(45): e45890.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Attitude Toward Interdepartmental Transfer, Career Growth Opportunity, and Role Breadth Self-Efficacy on Job Crafting among Nurses with Transfer Experience
    Yu Jin Lee, Chung Hee Woo
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(4): 497.     CrossRef
  • Job Crafting as the Missing Link: Understanding Its Role in Nurses’ Work Engagement
    Kyungjin Lee, Ja Kyung Seo, Seung Eun Lee, Yunhong Liu
    Journal of Nursing Management.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Commitment to Organizational Change in Clinical Nurses: A Structural Model Applying Lewin's Change Theory
    Mihwa Hong, Sujeong Han
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(1): 38.     CrossRef
  • 3,956 View
  • 169 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
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Lived Experience of Middle-Aged Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Young-suk Seo, Sunhee Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(6):598-607.   Published online December 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22086
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This qualitative study aimed to explore the lived and true meaning of experiences of middle-aged patients with complex regional pain syndrome.
Methods
The participants were 10 men and women aged 40 to 60 years who received outpatient treatment at a university hospital, could communicate, and agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected through individual interviews using open and semi-structured questions from September 2019 to July 2021 and were analyzed using the content analysis method suggested by Hsieh and Shannon (2005).
Results
As a result of this study, 42 summarized semantic units related to life experience, 15 subthemes, and seven themes were derived. The seven themes were “pressed by severe pain,” “frustrated because I cannot be part of the community,” “distressed because people do not recognize my disease,” “sad about conflicts with family,” “unmotivated because of desperate life,” “appreciating for support,” and “putting oneself together and living daily life.” Conclusion: The vivid experiences of the participants derived in this study are the basic data for developing treatment guidelines. In the future, we propose a study on life and family care experiences according to the developmental characteristics of the life cycle of patients with complex regional pain syndrome and develop and apply programs to support patients and their families.

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  • Experiences of diagnosis and treatment for upper limb Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: a qualitative analysis
    Grace S Griffiths, Bronwyn L Thompson, Deborah L Snell, Jennifer A Dunn
    Pain Medicine.2023; 24(12): 1355.     CrossRef
  • 1,763 View
  • 37 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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The Development of Automated Personalized Self-Care (APSC) Program for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Gaeun Park, Haejung Lee, Ah Reum Khang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(5):535-549.   Published online October 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22046
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The study aimed to design and develop an automated personalized self-care (APSC) program for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The secondary aim was to present a clinical protocol as a mixed-method research to test the program effects.
Methods
The APSC program was developed in the order of analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation according to the software development life cycle, and was guided by the self-regulatory theory. The content validity, heuristics, and usability of the program were verified by experts and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Results
The APSC program was developed based on goal setting, education, monitoring, and feedback components corresponding to the phases of forethought, performance/volitional control, and self-reflection of self-regulatory theory. Using the mobile application, the participants are able to learn from educational materials, monitor their health behaviors, receive weekly-automated personalized goals and feedback messages, and use an automated conversation system to solve the problems related to self-care. The ongoing two-year study utilizes a mixed method design, with 180 patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus randomized to receive either the intervention or usual care. The participants will be reviewed for self-care self-efficacy, health behaviors, and health outcomes at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Participants in the intervention group will be interviewed about their experiences.
Conclusion
The APSC program can serve as an effective tool for facilitating diabetes health behaviors by improving patients’ self-care self-efficacy and self-regulation for self-care. However, the clinical effectiveness of this program requires further investigation.

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  • Effectiveness of mHealth-Based Self-Management Interventions on Self-Efficacy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Junhee Ahn, Youngran Yang, Ji Young Kim, Jihyon Pahn, Yura Jang
    The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care.2025; 51(5): 517.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Mobile App-Based Self-Monitoring Engagement on Self-Care Self-Efficacy, Health Behaviors, and Hemoglobin A1c Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
    Gaeun Park, Haejung Lee, Min Jin Lee, Ahreum Khang
    Western Journal of Nursing Research.2025; 47(12): 1180.     CrossRef
  • A systematic review of pulmonary rehabilitation nursing interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    Da-Jung Kim
    Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation.2025; 21(5): 234.     CrossRef
  • Adherence-based experiences with a personalized self-care program for type 2 diabetes in South Korea: a mixed-methods study
    Haejung Lee, DaeEun Lee, Mihwan Kim
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2025; 27(4): 706.     CrossRef
  • Participation experience in self-care program for type 2 diabetes: A mixed-methods study
    Mihwan Kim, Haejung Lee, Gaeun Park, Ah Reum Khang
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(1): 31.     CrossRef
  • Long‐Term Effects of an Automated Personalized Self‐Care Program for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
    Haejung Lee, Gaeun Park, DaeEun Lee, Ah Reum Khang, Min Jin Lee
    Nursing & Health Sciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Automated Personalized Self-care Program for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Trial
    Gaeun Park, Haejung Lee, Yoonju Lee, Myoung Soo Kim, Sunyoung Jung, Ah Reum Khang, Dongwon Yi
    Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(2): 114.     CrossRef
  • Healthcare coaching program for youth with type 1 diabetes in South Korea: a pilot study
    Dae Eun Lee, Haejung Lee, Chong Kun Cheon, Ju Young Yoon
    Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(1): 17.     CrossRef
  • The Association between the Low-density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol to High-density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Adults: A Secondary Data Analysis Using a Community-based Cohort Study in Korea
    Bo-Kyoung Cha
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(1): 66.     CrossRef
  • 3,884 View
  • 114 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
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A Longitudinal Study of the Reciprocal Relationship between Depression and Income among Korean Older Men and Women
Jeong Lee, Gyeong-Suk Jeon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(4):451-463.   Published online August 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22052
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study examined the reciprocal relationships between depression and income, and gender differences in these relationships among older adults in South Korea.
Methods
Using 2015 to 2019 of the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS), we studied 6,070 older adults (2,394 men and 3,676 women) aged 60 years over in 2015. The generalized estimating equation was employed to explore the effect of an individual income on depression and the reverse causal link-that of depression on income.
Results
The study found the reciprocal relationships between income and depression. Income has a significant impact on depression. Higher-income was linked to decreased risks of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scores among older adults (B = - 0.121, p < 0.001). Estimates of the reverse causal link show that higher CES-D scores were also linked to income reduction among Korean older adults (B = - 0.007, p < 0.001). In addition, we also observed gender differences in the impact of income on depression but not in the reverse causal link. Income has more detrimental to psychological consequence for older men (B = - 0.108, p < 0.001) than older women (B = - 0.057, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The finding implies that both psychological and social protection policies for the elderly are needed in view of gender perspective.

Citations

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  • Risk factors of depression among the baby boomer generation: A cross-sectional study using the 2022 Korean Community Health Survey
    Kyoung Mi Kim, Hye Jung Jun
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2025; 27(3): 308.     CrossRef
  • 1,976 View
  • 35 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Influence of Social Capital on Depression of Older Adults Living in Rural Area: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey
Minho Jung, Jinhyun Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):144-156.   Published online April 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21239
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the influence of social capital on the depression of older adults living in rural areas.
Methods
Data sets were obtained from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. The participants were 39,390 older adults over 65 years old living in rural areas. Indicators of social capital included trust, reciprocity, network, and social participation. Depression—the dependent variable—was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Hierarchical ordinal logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with depression after adjusting the data numbers to 102,601 by applying the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE).
Results
The independent variables—indicators of social capital—exhibited significant association with the depression of older adults. The odds ratios of depression were higher in groups without social capital variables.
Conclusion
To reduce depression, we recommend increasing social capital. Factors identified in this study need to be considered in older adult depression intervention programs and policies.

Citations

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  • The Effects of Perceived Stress on Depression among Middle-aged Adults with Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Exploring the Mediating Role of Social Capital through a Descriptive Correlational Study
    Kyung Ae Kim, Mi Ran Bang
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2025; 37(1): 50.     CrossRef
  • An Observational Study on the Association Between Nutritional Intake and Mental Health Among Older Adults in Rural Areas
    Kyeongmin Jang
    Nursing & Health Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Modelo de regresión ordinal para pronóstico de la depresión en el adulto mayor peruano
    Lilian Roxana Paredes López
    UCV Hacer.2025; 14(2): 32.     CrossRef
  • Moderating effects of social capital on the relationship between fear of falling and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults
    Yeong-Mi Seo, Eun Sook Lee
    Archives of Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prediction model of weight control experience in men with obesity in their 30 s and 40 s using decision tree analysis
    Myeunghee Han
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The relationship between human capital and depression among middle-aged rural adults: The multiple-parallel mediating effects of social capital
    Soo Mi Jang, Hyung Mi Ha
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2023; 40(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • 2,546 View
  • 108 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
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Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Couple Satisfaction Index
Suk-Sun Kim, Minji Gil, Daeun Kim, Sunhai Kim, Dayeon Heo, Nan Young Moon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):228-227.   Published online April 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21177
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The study aimed to translate the Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI 32) into Korean, to evaluate the reliability and validity of CSI 32 and short-form (CSI 16, 4) in the Korean context, and to determine a cut-off score for Korean couples.
Methods
Korean Versions of the Couple Satisfaction Index (K-CSI) 32 was translated, back-translated, and reviewed by five bilingual experts. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with data from a sample of 218 couples (N = 436) to test construct validity. Validity and reliability were evaluated. The receiver’s operating characteristics curve analysis was used to obtain the cut-off score.
Results
The construct validities of K-CSI 32, 16, and 4 were verified using one-factor structures. The results of CFA showed a slightly better fit for K-CSI 16 and 4 than for K-CSI 32. Convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations of K-CSI with Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Family Relationship Assessment Scale. Moreover, the significant differences in K-CSI between normal and depressive group demonstrated known-group validity. Cut-off scores of 105.5 on K-CSI 32, 50.25 on K-CSI 16, and 13.25 on K-CSI 4 were validated to identify distressed couple relationships.
Conclusion
For clinical practice, the reliable and valid K-CSI 32 has the potential to measure changes in couple satisfaction after couple therapy or interventions. Applying K-CSI 32 may facilitate research on couple and family relationships in nursing and contribute to the discussion on the role of couple satisfaction in mental health.

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  • Mediating Effects of Parental Family Adaptation on the Quality of Life of Children With Down Syndrome: A Study of Father–Mother Dyads
    Seung Hyeon Yang, Chang Gi Park, Eun Kyoung Choi
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Online coaching blended couple‐oriented intervention for preventing depression among Korean middle adulthood: A feasibility study
    Minji Gil, Suk‐Sun Kim, Daeun Kim, Sunhai Kim
    Family Process.2023; 62(4): 1478.     CrossRef
  • 5,320 View
  • 188 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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Willingness to Use and Appropriate Payable Cost for Visiting Nurse Service for the Elderly in the Community
Soyoung Seo, Soong-nang Jang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(1):105-119.   Published online February 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21193
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to measure willingness to use (WTU) and appropriate payable cost of visiting nurse service for the elderly and explore their impact factors.
Methods
The study included 752 participants selected from data that were completed in 2017 for the elderly aged over 60 nationwide. Logit and Tobit regression analysis were performed to confirm the influencing factors.
Results
The study found that 39.1% of the elderly in the community were WTU the visiting nurse service, and they reported that the cost per visit was 12,650 Korean Won. The factors influencing WTU were having less than moderate subjective health status (OR = 1.63, p = .011), being part of a social participating groups (OR = 1.50, p = .046), or participation in senior health promotion programs (SHPPs) (OR = 1.96, p = .003). The cost was also influenced by less than moderate subjective health status (β = 4.37, p = .021), being part of a social participating groups (β = 4.41, p = .028), or participation in SHPPs (β = 4.87, p = .023). Additionally, elderly people living alone who were used as covariates were highly WTU (OR = 2.20, p = .029).
Conclusion
This study provides evidence to predict demand for visiting nurse service and reflects consumer value in setting the service cost. This is the first study to derive cost from consumers' perspective regarding the service for the elderly. As it is the result of an open-ended survey, follow-up studies are needed to estimate more reliable and reasonable results.

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  • Health and Environmental Monitoring Services for Smart Healthy Cities : Current Practices and Challenges in Local Government Plans
    Dong-ah Choi, Yun-jeong Song, Andy Hong
    Journal of Korea Planning Association.2024; 59(5): 147.     CrossRef
  • 2,860 View
  • 52 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Invited Paper
Healthcare Considerations for Special Populations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review
Jeung-Im Kim, YeoJin Im, Ju-Eun Song, Sun Joo Jang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(5):511-524.   Published online October 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21156
AbstractAbstract PDF
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a threat to human health and public safety. People of all ages are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. However, the clinical manifestations of this infection differ by age. This study purposes to describe healthcare considerations for special populations, such as children, pregnant and lactating women, and older adults, who may have unique healthcare needs, in the pandemic situation. To realize the research purpose, we conducted a review of the practice guidelines of public documents and qualified studies that were published online/offline during a specific period. The review identified current knowledge on care for newborns, children in schools, pregnant women (from antenatal to postpartum care), and older adults suffering from high-risk conditions. Subsequently, we summarize vaccination guidance for special populations and, finally, discuss the issues currently affecting special populations. Therefore, this current knowledge on care for special populations helps nurses to provide accurate information on vaccinations aimed at preventing COVID-19 and protecting the masses from infection. Currently, the scarcity of information on COVID-19 variants necessitates further research on measures to reduce pandemic spread.

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  • Global and Regional Burden of Vaccine‐Associated Transverse Myelitis and Potentially Associated With Vaccines From 1967 to 2023: An Analysis of the International Pharmacovigilance Data
    Jae E. Lee, Hyesu Jo, Hanseul Cho, Jiyeon Oh, Yi Deun Jeong, Sooji Lee, Jaeyu Park, Hyeon Jin Kim, Yejun Son, Soeun Kim, Hayeon Lee, Louis Jacob, Damiano Pizzol, Ho Geol Woo, Jiyoung Hwang, Dong Keon Yon
    Journal of Medical Virology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Preliminary Exploratory Bibliometric Study on COVID-19 and Pregnancy
    Fatima Aguirre-Vegas, Jakeline Ramos-Aliaga, Maria E Guerrero, Juan Alvitez, Abigail Temoche, Frank Mayta-Tovalino
    Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.2025; 17(5): 618.     CrossRef
  • The Use of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in the Treatment of a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
    Sy Duong-Quy, Duc Huynh-Truong-Anh, Thanh Nguyen-Thi-Kim, Tien Nguyen-Quang, Thanh Nguyen-Chi, Nhi Nguyen-Thi-Y, Van Duong-Thi-Thanh, Carine Ngo, Timothy Craig
    Pulmonary Therapy.2022; 8(2): 233.     CrossRef
  • 2,227 View
  • 4 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Review Paper
The Effects of Programs on Body-Image Improvement in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hyun Jung Yun, Kyoungsan Seo, Dallong Han
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(5):597-616.   Published online October 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21104
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study’s objective was to investigate the effects of programs that improve adolescents’ body image, using a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
A literature search was performed in eleven electronic databases, using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Population characteristics, contents of the programs, and measured outcomes were systematically reviewed from 21 selected studies. To estimate the size of the effects, meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.
Results
The contents of the programs that aimed to improve body image included physical, psychological, interpersonal, and sociocultural interventions. Sixteen studies were meta-analyzed to estimate the effect size of body-image improvement programs. Results showed that the program for body-image improvement had significant effects on body satisfaction (effect size [ES] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23 to 0.89), and body dissatisfaction (ES = - 0.15, 95% CI = - 0.23 to - 0.08).
Conclusion
The program for body image improvement in adolescents includes a combination of physical, psychological, interpersonal relationship, and socio-cultural dimensions. The program that seeks to improve body image appears to be effective at increasing body satisfaction, and at reducing body dissatisfaction in adolescents. Thus, it is necessary to develop and apply multidimensional programs for adolescents to have a positive body image.

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  • 청소년의 신체상과 행복감 간의 관계: 가족 의사소통으로 조절된 자아존중감의 매개역할*
    종일 여
    Journal of Family Relations.2025; 30(1): 55.     CrossRef
  • 2,886 View
  • 62 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Research Papers
Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale
Sook-Nam Kim, Hyun-Ju Lee, So-Young Kim, Nayoon Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(5):617-629.   Published online October 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21069
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the self-efficacy for managing chronic disease 6-item scale (SECD-6-K).
Methods
The English version of the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-item Scale first underwent forward and backward translation procedures. The SECD-6-K was then used to collect data from 350 adults diagnosed with chronic diseases. Content, construct, convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity were all evaluated. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s α. SPSS 25.0 and the data were analyzed using AMOS 26.0 software.
Results
The SECD-6-K consists of six items in two domains: disease management and health behavior. The results for construct, convergent, and discriminant validity were good. Exploratory factor analysis produced eigen values between 2.27 and 3.28, with factors total explained cumulative variance of 91.1%. Confirmatory factor analysis supported goodness of fit and reliability for the modified SECD-6-K model. The criterion validity also showed significant correlation with both the Patient Health Questionnaire and 12-item Short-Form Health Survey version 2. Finally, reliability was found to be excellent.
Conclusion
This study identified the high reliability and validity of SECD-6-K. The SECD-6-K is an appropriate tool for determining Korean patients’ self-efficacy in managing their chronic conditions. Therefore, this scale may be used in clinical settings as well as in educational and research settings.

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  • Generic instruments for assessing self-management abilities and behaviors in patients with chronic diseases: a COnsensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement INstruments (COSMIN)-based systematic review
    Ke Liu, Guangyan Meng, Caixia Li, Shuyi Wang, Xianwen Fan, Qirong Chen
    Quality of Life Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Path Analysis of Factors Influencing Health-Related Quality of Life for Community-Dwelling Vulnerable Older Adults with Chronic Diseases in Korea
    Hyun-Ju Lee
    Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2025; 36: 315.     CrossRef
  • Development of a self-care scale for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a methodological approach
    Miok Kim
    Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and Validation of the Short Form of Core Competencies Scale of Nursing Care for Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
    Sung Hae Kim, Seyong Lee, Sang Hee Kim, Jung Ok Choi, Gie Ok Noh
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2024; 24(4): 184.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing self-management behaviors in older people with multiple chronic conditions based on the individual and family self-management theory: A cross-sectional study
    Youngji Seo, Sunyoung Jung
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(3): 332.     CrossRef
  • Psychometric property of the Japanese version of self-efficacy for managing chronic disease scale in individuals with chronic diseases
    Megumi Hazumi, Mayumi Kataoka, Ayako Nakashita, Kentaro Usuda, Michi Miyake, Chiaki Kamikawa, Daisuke Nishi, Naoaki Kuroda
    Heliyon.2024; 10(22): e40218.     CrossRef
  • Psychometric properties of the self-efficacy scale for chronic disease management (SEMCD-S) in older Colombian adults
    Lorena Cudris-Torres, Stefano Vinaccia Alpi, Álvaro Barrios-Núñez, Natali Gaviria Arrieta, Martha Luz Gómez Campuzano, Giselle Olivella-López, Juan Hernández-Lalinde, Valmore Bermúdez, Olaiza Lobato Pérez, Jorge Armando Niño-Vega, Jorge Navarro-Obeid, Rom
    BMC Psychology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of Ambulatory Chemotherapy (Portable Infusion Pump Use) Video Education on Knowledge, Self-efficacy and Anxiety of Colorectal Cancer Patients
    Eun Hee Choi, Eun Young Park, Young A Park, You Hee Son, Myung Jin Jang
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2022; 22(3): 193.     CrossRef
  • 4,549 View
  • 215 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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The Lived Experience of Body Alteration and Body Image with Regard to Immediate Breast Reconstruction among Women with Breast Cancer
Jeonghee Ahn, Eunyoung E. Suh
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(2):245-259.   Published online April 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21028
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of body alteration and body image with regard to immediate breast reconstruction among women with breast cancer.
Methods
Data were collected from July to December 2020 through individual in-depth interviews with 15 women who had undergone immediate breast reconstruction due to breast cancer. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis.
Results
The following four theme clusters emerged. First, “revalued meaning of breasts due to cancer” illustrated the fact that cancer removal surgery brought the participants to reconsider the meaning of their breasts. Second, “had no choice but breast reconstruction” demonstrated the participants’ decision-making process of not wanting to lose breasts. Third, “unsatisfied breasts despite reconstruction” portrayed the distress due to the unexpected surgical outcomes. Finally, “restarted everyday routines with the altered body” described the healing process of the participants by accepting their changed body.
Conclusion
In Korea, where family-centeredness and fidelity are highly valued, women perceived their breasts not only as a symbol of femininity but as the mediator connecting the self to family. Despite the distress related to imperfect breasts, the participants were thankful for their reconstructed breasts. Breast reconstruction helped them return to daily life as the psychological trauma of breast cancer was healed. The participants rebuilt their body image by accepting their scarred new body. This may allow health professionals to provide constructive and culturally appropriate counseling in advance by providing insight into women’s perception of their body image with regard to breast reconstruction.

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  • Mental health in female breast cancer survivors post-mastectomy: A structural model based on Roy's adaptation model
    Hyeng Sook Yoon, Eunjung Ryu
    Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2025; 12: 100820.     CrossRef
  • Categorising Subjective Perceptions of Middle-Aged Breast Cancer Patients Using Q Methodology
    Min-Jeung Shim, Song-Yi Lee, Oh-Sun Ha
    Healthcare.2024; 12(18): 1873.     CrossRef
  • Body Acceptance Scale for Women with Breast Cancer: Development and Validation of a Measurement
    Jeonghee Ahn, Eunyoung E. Suh
    Seminars in Oncology Nursing.2023; 39(5): 151486.     CrossRef
  • Influence of body image on quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing breast reconstruction: Mediating of self‐esteem
    Yunhee Jang, Mihyeon Seong, Sohyune Sok
    Journal of Clinical Nursing.2023; 32(17-18): 6366.     CrossRef
  • Body acceptance in women with breast cancer: A concept analysis using a hybrid model
    Jeonghee Ahn, Eunyoung E. Suh
    European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 62: 102269.     CrossRef
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prepectoral single-stage breast reconstruction
    Jiameng Liu, Xiaobin Zheng, Shunguo Lin, Hui Han, Chunsen Xu
    Supportive Care in Cancer.2022; 30(7): 5659.     CrossRef
  • 2,513 View
  • 86 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
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Face Mask Usage, Knowledge and Behavior of Face Mask Usage in Older Adults Living Alone in the COVID-19 Era
A-Reum Han, Yeon-Hwan Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(2):203-216.   Published online April 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20252
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study analyzed the current status of face mask usage. It also identified factors related to the knowledge and behavior regarding the same among older adults living alone during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
This descriptive study was conducted via a telephone survey involving 283 older adults living alone in S City from March to April 2020. Knowledge and behavior pertaining to face mask usage were measured using Hilda Ho’s Face Mask Use Scale; reliability of the measurement was Kuder-Richardson formula-20 = .62, Cronbach’s α = .92. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression.
Results
Older adults used one mask for 3.55 days on an average. The knowledge level was 9.97 (± 1.84) out of 12 and behavior level was 15.49 (± 1.55) out of 16. Level of education (β = - .31, p < .001), living region (β = .13, p = .017), personal income (β = .12, p = .041) significantly affected the face mask usage-related knowledge, and living region (β = .15, p = .010) significantly affected the face mask usage-related behavior.
Conclusion
Older adults living alone are aware of the effects of using face masks. However, their mask usage is inappropriate, for example, the prolonged use of the same mask. Considering the low level of face mask usage-related knowledge, it is necessary to develop customized education programs and infectious disease prevention strategies for older adults possessing low educational levels living alone in urban-rural complex areas.

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  • A comparative cross-cultural study of fear of COVID-19 in Persian and Turkmen elderly populations
    Maliheh Makhtum, Naser Behnampour, Akram Sanagoo, Hossein Nasiri, Leila Jouybari
    Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery.2023; 20(1): 11.     CrossRef
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    Heeyoung Woo, Minkyung Gu
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2023; 25(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • The association between depression and non‐compliance with COVID‐19 preventive behaviors in South Korean older adults stratified by sex
    Jae Jun Lee, Namhee Kim, Min Kyung Park, Hyunju Ji, Gwang Suk Kim
    International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Depression in Older Adults Living Alone during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Eun Hye Hong, Kyung Hee Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2022; 33(4): 418.     CrossRef
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Diabetes Self-Management Experience of Patients with Diabetes: Focused on the Visually Impaired
Sun Ju Chang, Kyoung-eun Lee, Eunjin Yang, Hee Jung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):92-104.   Published online February 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20231
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to understand and describe the diabetes self-management experience of visually impaired people with diabetes.
Methods
Ten participants were recruited through a website used by the visually impaired from February to March 2020. Data were collected through two focus group interviews conducted in June 2020; each group consisted of five participants. All interviews were recorded with the consent of the participants and transcribed verbatim. The transcribed data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
Seven categories were as follows; a two-faced, lifelong companion, an unprepared encounter, struggle to live, love-hate relationship with family, strategies to adapt, lessening attention to self-management, the desire to learn properly.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that the visually impaired have fewer opportunities for receiving diabetes self-management education than general diabetic patients. Consequently, plans to improve the education available to such patients are required. Additionally, psychological counseling and diabetes education for patients’ families are necessary, and improving the perception of medical workers regarding the visually impaired will be prove useful.

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  • Diabetes care for people experiencing homelessness in the UK: insights from a national survey of frontline professionals and the development of an integrated care model
    Daniela Oehring, Martha Paisi, Mona Nasser, Theo Jackson, Ryan Young, Lynne Wooff, Helen Partridge, Jacqueline Conaty, Samantha Dorney-Smith
    Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    I. Hwang, S.Y. Kim, Y.Y. Kim, J.H. Park
    Public Health.2024; 226: 173.     CrossRef
  • A Tailored Intervention for Improving Diabetes Self-care Among Adults With Visual Impairment: A Pilot Study
    Hee Jung Kim, Kyoung-eun Lee, Eunjin Yang, Sun Ju Chang
    Canadian Journal of Diabetes.2024; 48(6): 394.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Visual Impairment on Healthcare Use among Four Medical Institution Types: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea
    Boyoung Jeon, Heejo Koo, Hee Kyoung Choi, Euna Han
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2023; 64(7): 455.     CrossRef
  • Association between Visual Impairment and Nutritional Risk among Older Adults with Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
    Eunjin Yang, Kyung Hee Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(2): 167.     CrossRef
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    S. Kim, B. Jeon
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  • Factors Associated With Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors of People With Visual Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Sun Ju Chang, Hee Jung Kim, Kyoung-eun Lee, Eunjin Yang
    The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care.2022; 48(5): 324.     CrossRef
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Family’s Perception of Proxy Decision Making to Authorize Do Not Resuscitate Order of Elderly Patients in Long Term Care Facility: A Q-Methodological Study
Hyeon Jin Cho, Jiyeon Kang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):15-26.   Published online February 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20188
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to distinguish and describe the types of perceptions of do not resuscitate (DNR) proxy decisions among families of elderly patients in a long-term care facility.
Methods
This exploratory study applied Q-methodology, which focuses on individual subjectivity. Thirty-four Q-statements were selected from 130 Q-populations formed based on the results of in-depth interviews and literature reviews. The P-samples were 34 families of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital in Busan, Korea. They categorized the Q-statements using a 9-point scale. Using the PC-QUANL program, factor analysis was performed with the P-samples along an axis.
Results
The families’ perceptions of the DNR proxy decision were categorized into three types. Type I, rational acceptance, valued consensus among family members based on comprehensive support from medical staff. Type II, psychological burden, involved hesitance in making a DNR proxy decision because of negative emotions and psychological conflict. Type III, discreet decisions, valued the patients’ right to self-determination and desire for a legitimate proxy decision. Type I included 18 participants, which was the most common type, and types II and III each included eight participants.
Conclusion
Families’ perceptions of DNR proxy decisions vary, requiring tailored care and intervention. We suggest developing and providing interventions that may psychologically support families.

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    Eunji Yim, Mijin Yun, Sohyune Sok
    BMC Geriatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    So-Hyeong Sim, Geun Myun Kim, Eun Joo Kim, Soo Jung Chang
    Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2023; Volume 16: 2715.     CrossRef
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Actor and Partner Effects of Couple’s Daily Stress and Dyadic Coping on Marital Satisfaction
Su Kyung Won, Kyoung Ok Seol
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(6):813-821.   Published online December 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20162
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to identify the actor and partner effects of daily stress and dyadic coping on marital satisfaction using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediational Model (APIeM).
Methods
Participants were 314 couples who met the study’s eligibility criteria. Data were collected from March to April 2016 through apartment and cooperative company communities in Seoul. Two APIeMs of positive and negative dyadic coping were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and Mplus 7.4. All measures were self-administered.
Results
Daily stress and positive and negative dyadic coping in both spouses had direct actor effects on their marital satisfaction. Daily stress in both spouses had an indirect actor effect on marital satisfaction through their positive and negative dyadic coping. The husband’s daily stress had an indirect partner effect on the wife’s marital satisfaction through his positive dyadic coping, while the wife’s positive dyadic coping had a direct partner effect on the husband’s marital satisfaction. The husband’s daily stress had an indirect partner effect on the wife’s marital satisfaction through his negative dyadic coping, while the wife’s negative dyadic coping had a direct partner effect on the husband’s marital satisfaction.
Conclusion
Dyadic coping is an effective way to deal with couple’s daily hassles as it increase their satisfaction in marriage.

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    International Journal of Women's Health.2024; Volume 16: 1009.     CrossRef
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    Mengjie Liu, Yu Fang, Mengshi Liu, Min Wu, Jingshuo Zhang, Tianchen Niu, Xiaoman Zhang
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    Journal of Family Relations.2023; 28(1): 33.     CrossRef
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    Zhiguang Fan, Hanwei Wu, Min Tao, Lei Chen
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Predictive Model for Quality of Life of the Older Men Living Alone
Su Jin Kim, Gyeong-Suk Jeon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(6):799-812.   Published online December 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20087
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to construct and test a predictive model that explains and predicts the quality of life in older men living alone.
Methods
A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 334 older adult men living along aged 65 years or over living in Jeollanam-do provinces. The endogenous variables were depression, self-rated health, instrumental activity of daily life, health promotion behaviors, the number of social participation activities and quality of life. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs.
Results
The final model with 14 of the 8 analysed paths showed a good fit to the empiri cal data: χ2= 173.26(p < .001, df = 53),normed χ2= 3.27, GFI = .92, NFI = .90, CFI = .93, TLI = .89, RMSEA = .08 and SRMR = .06. Activities had direct effect on quality of life of older men living alone and social support had both direct and indirect effects. Meanwhile, function and socioeconomic status showed only indirect effects.The variables included in the eight significant paths explained 83.7% of variance in the prediction model.
Conclusion
Instrumental activities of daily living and social support effect directly on quality of life in the older men living alone. Findings suggest that health care providers including community nurses need to provide social support as well as empowerment programs of instrumental activities of daily living and health promotion for improving quality of life of the older men living alone.

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  • Changes in the health status and health-related quality of life of community-dwelling older adults living alone: one-year follow-up from a cohort study
    Hana Ko, Belong Cho, Kyung-Choon Lim, Soong-Nang Jang, Sun Ju Chang, Yu Mi Yi, Hye Ryung Cho, So Im Ryu, Eun-Young Noh, Yeon-Hwan Park
    Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Influencing factors on self-care of older adults living alone in a community during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study
    Heeyoung Woo, Minkyung Gu
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2023; 25(1): 1.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
The Disease Management Experience of Patients with Asthma: Grounded Theory Approach
Bohye Kim, Oksoo Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(5):714-727.   Published online October 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20139
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop a situation-specific theory to explain the disease management experience of patients with asthma.
Methods
Twenty participants with asthma were selected using the theoretical sampling method. The data were acquired through in-depth interviews conducted from June to October 2018 and analyzed using the grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin.
Results
In total, 69 concepts, 30 subcategories, and 13 categories were generated to explain the disease management experience of patients with asthma. The core category of the disease management experience of patients with asthma was ‘management of the disease to prevent aggravation of symptoms over the lifetime’. The disease management process of asthma patients included three steps: the ‘cognition phase’, the ‘adjustment phase’, and the ‘maintenance phase’. However, some patients remained in the ‘stagnation phase’ of disease management, which represents the result of the continual pursuit of risky health behavior. There were three types of disease management experiences among patients with asthma: ‘self-managing’, ‘partially self-managing’, and ‘avoidant’.
Conclusion
This study shows that patients with asthma must lead their disease management process to prevent exacerbation of their symptoms. It is imperative to develop nursing strategies and establish policies for effective disease management of patients with asthma based on their individual disease management processes and types.

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  • Qualitative Research in Healthcare: Data Analysis
    Dasom Im, Jeehye Pyo, Haneul Lee, Hyeran Jung, Minsu Ock
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(2): 100.     CrossRef
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Qualitative Study on the Experience of Patients with Meniere Disease
Woo Joung Joung
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(5):699-713.   Published online October 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20115
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the experiences of patients with Meniere disease.
Methods
Data were collected from February 19, 2019, to February 5, 2020, through individual in-depth interviews with 13 Meniere patients. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis.
Results
The experiences of patients with Meniere disease were clustered into the following four themes from 22 meaning units: 1) Complex unfamiliar symptoms that shatter both balance of the body and peace of the heart; 2) A disease that medical treatment and health professionals cannot cure; 3) Suffering hardships that cannot be understood by non-Meniere sufferers; and 4) Making daily efforts to become healthier. Symptoms of Meniere disease are life-shattering and depressing because they are neither visible nor easily curable. Over time, as they accepted the reality of living with the disease, the participants would shift their focus from complete symptomatic cure to leading a healthy and more balanced life.
Conclusion
This study shows that Meniere disease has a pervasive impact on all aspects of the patients’ lives. Patients are prone to experiencing restrictions in their social functioning and activities. They also experience psychosocial problems due to the unseen nature of their symptoms. This study elucidates the experiences of Meniere patients and the need for nursing intervention to help improve their quality of life and ability to self-manage. Lastly, this study shows the need for a coordinated interdisciplinary approach to raising public awareness of the disease.
  • 2,454 View
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Effects of BeHaS Program on Health Behavior, Physiologic Index and Self-Esteem of the Elderly Living Alone with Metabolic Syndrome Based on Community Based Participatory Research
Jong Im Kim, Sun Ae Kim, Keumok Park, Jiyoung Kim, Lina Lee, Si Wan Choi, Bon Jeong Ku
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):571-582.   Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19261
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to determine the effects of a 12-week metabolic syndrome BeHaS (Be Happy and Strong) program in elderly people with metabolic syndrome living alone, based on a community-based participatory research (CBPR).
Methods
A nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was used, and the participants were 43 elderly people living alone (experimental group 24, control group 19). The experimental group received a one-hour program per week and two individual health consultations during 12 weeks. The control group received two sessions about the metabolic syndrome and two individual health consultations. The effects of health behavior, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, abdominal circumference, triglycerides, and self-esteem were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.
Results
The health behavior with respect to the metabolic syndrome in the experimental group increased significantly (t = - 3.19, p = .002). Both diastolic blood pressure and abdominal circumference decreased in the experimental group (t = 2.00, p = .028 and t = 3.91, p < .001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar levels, triglycerides, and self-esteem.
Conclusion
The 12-week metabolic syndrome BeHaS program using community resources improves the health of elderly people with metabolic syndrome living alone. Based on these findings, further studies on the effectiveness of the metabolic syndrome BeHaS program and the experiences of those who participated in the CBPR are warranted.

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  • Development and effects of a customized integrated health management program for older adults living alone: A nonequivalent control-group pre-posttest design
    Mooyong Cho
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2025; 27(3): 295.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Impact of Smart Mobility and ICT Solutions on Older Adults’ Mobility: A Systematic Literature Review
    Chengyuan An
    IEEE Access.2024; 12: 159056.     CrossRef
  • 노인 대사증후군에 효과적인 중재: 체계적 문헌고찰과 메타분석
    서현 이, 슬 구, 유미 서, 선화 반
    Public Health Weekly Report.2023; 16(48): 1633.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Effects of Education Only and Exercise Training Combined with Education on Fall Prevention in Adults Aged 70 Years or Older Residing in Elderly Residential Facilities
    Chahwa Hong, Haejung Lee, Misoon Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(2): 173.     CrossRef
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Development and Validation of the Self-Care for Aspiration Pneumonia Prevention Scale in the Community Dwelling Elderly with Risk of Dysphasia
Eun Young Yang, Shin-Young Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(3):474-486.   Published online June 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20041
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Korean version of the Self-Care for Aspiration Pneumonia Prevention(SCAPP-K) scale in older adults at risk of dysphasia.
Methods
The Hertz and Baas model of scale development and validation was used. Inthe development stage, items were generated via literature review and interviews with medical experts, older adults, and caregivers. Tenexperts assessed the items for content validity. Subsequently, 12 older adults participated in a pilot test to determine the comprehensibilityand appropriateness of the SCAPP-K scale. The validation stage involved a cross-sectional survey with 203 older adults for exploratoryfactor analysis (EFA) and 200 older adults for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and to determine convergent and discriminant validity. Totest the validity and reliability of the scale, EFA using principal component analysis with varimax rotation and CFA were conducted, andconvergent and discriminant validity as well as internal consistency reliability were determined.
Results
As a result of EFA, three self-carefactors (knowledge, resources, behaviors) with 21 items were validated. The CFA and convergent and discriminant validity indicated theapplicability of the three-factor self-care scale. The reliability of the SCAPP-K scale was acceptable, with Cronbach’s a=.87~.91.
Conclusion
The SCAPP-K scale has acceptable validity and reliability and can contribute to clinical practice, research, and education to improveself-care for the prevention of aspiration pneumonia in older adults at risk of dysphasia.

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  • Cause-specific mortality in Korea during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
    Jinwook Bahk, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
    Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022110.     CrossRef
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Factors Influencing Health Behavior Related to Particulate Matter in Older Adults
Min Kyung Park, Gwang Suk Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(3):431-443.   Published online June 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19201
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate health behavior related to particulate matter (PM) in older adults and examine the factors affectingit.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were collected from 150 voluntary older adult participants from Songpa-gu inSeoul. The survey questions measured service perception and experience related to PM, risk perception related to PM, attitude toward riskof PM, and health behavior related to PM.
Results
The average score for health behavior related to PM was 79.37, ranging from 51 to 115.There was a significant positive correlation between health behavior related to PM and risk perception related to PM (r=.58, p <.001) as wellas between health behavior related to PM and attitude toward risk of PM (r=.70, p<.001). Multiple linear regression revealed that healthbehavior related to PM was predicted by levels of the existence of disease related to PM (β=.14, p=.019), service experience related to PM(b=.20, p=.021), risk perception related to PM (b=.20, p=.019), and attitude toward risk of PM (b=.44, p<.001). The model including thesevariables accounted for 47.0% of health behavior related to PM.
Conclusion
Korean older adults have the low level of health behaviorrelated to PM. The findings of this study emphasize that risk perception and attitude toward risk of PM should be evaluated, and theunderlying diseases related to PM and their service experience should be considered in developing intervention to improve health behaviorrelated to PM.

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    Min Kyung Park, Seoyoung Baek, Da Woon Jeong, Gwang Suk Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(1): 71.     CrossRef
  • The association between depression and non‐compliance with COVID‐19 preventive behaviors in South Korean older adults stratified by sex
    Jae Jun Lee, Namhee Kim, Min Kyung Park, Hyunju Ji, Gwang Suk Kim
    International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative Evaluation between Particulate Matter Concentrations in Rural Villages in Wanju-gun and the Air Pollution Monitoring Network
    Minji Lee, Dongphil Choi, Kyungsu Kim
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2022; 33(1): 139.     CrossRef
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  • An Exploratory Study on the Policy for Facilitating of Health Behaviors Related to Particulate Matter: Using Topic and Semantic Network Analysis of Media Text
    Hye Min Byun, You Jin Park, Eun Kyoung Yun
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  • Environmental Factors Related to Non-compliant Health Behaviors in Urban-Dwelling Elderly
    Minkyung Park, Jisu Park, Sunhye Moon, Heejung Kim
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  • Factors Affecting Particulate Matter-Related Health Behaviors of Patients with Pulmonary Disease
    Joohee Ham, SeungHye Choi, Smi Choi-Kwon
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Development and Effect of a Fall Prevention Program Based on the King's Goal Attainment Theory for Fall High-Risk Elderly Patients in Long-Term Care Hospital
Bom Mi Park, Ho Sihn Ryu, Kyeung Eun Kwon, Chun Young Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):203-214.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.203
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study to develop a fringed fall prevention program based on King's goal attainment theory and education. This study is applied to the personal, interpersonal, and social systems of fall high-risk patients to test its effects.

 Methods

This study was a nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test design. There were 52 fall high-risk patients in the experimental group and 45 in the control group. The experimental group received six sessions, with the group sessions lasting 60 minutes and the individual sessions lasting 20~30 minutes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an χ2-test, a paired sample t-test, and a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test utilizing IBM SPSS software.

 Results

For the 3-month intervention period, the fall prevention program was found to be particularly effective for patients in the experimental group (from 3.38 to 1.69 per 1000 patient days; p=.044), as opposed to the control group (from 1.94 to 1.49 per 1000 patient days; p=.300). For the 6-month follow up period, the fall prevention program was again found to be effective for patients in the experimental group (from 3.26 to 0.76 per 1000 patient days; p=.049) compared to the control group (from 1.98 to 1.01 per 1000 patient days; p=.368).

 Conclusion

These results indicate that the fringed fall prevention program is very effective in reducing falls, not only during the intervention period, but also after the intervention period has ended. We can therefore recommend this program for use concerning fall high-risk patients in long-term care hospitals.

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    Yaohui Yu, Yudan Wang, Xiaoli Hou, Faming Tian
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    Jongwon Choi, Woochol Joseph Choi
    Physical Therapy Korea.2023; 30(1): 1.     CrossRef
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    Chunhee Lee, Heeok Park
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    Bom-Mi Park
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    Maria Aline Moreira Ximenes, Maria Girlane Sousa Albuquerque Brandão, Thiago Moura de Araújo, Nelson Miguel Galindo Neto, Lívia Moreira Barros, Joselany Áfio Caetano
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    Bom-Mi Park
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    Jong-il Lee, Jong-Boo Han, Jae Wan Koo, Seokjae Lee, Dong-Seop Sohn, Kap-Ho Seo
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Effects of a Web-Based Korean Triage and Acuity Scale Learning Program on Triage Self-Efficacy and Triage Performance Ability for Nurses in Emergency Department
Hyo-Jin Kim, Hee-Young Kang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):171-180.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.171
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) is a tool used to classify the severity and urgency of emergency department (ED) patients, focusing on their symptoms. In consideration of the importance of the KTAS, a web-based learning program has emerged as a new mode of education; it enables ED triage nurses to access it anytime and anywhere, and according to their own learning abilities. This study aimed to develop a web-based KTAS learning program and evaluate its effects on self-efficacy and triage performance ability in ED nurses.

 Methods

A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest was used. The conceptual framework was Bandura's self-efficacy theory. There were 30 participants in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. The experimental group attended an orientation and 4 sessions of a web-based KTAS learning program. The learning program lasted 280 minutes over five weeks, consisting of 40 minutes of orientation and four 60-minute sessions.

 Results

The scores of self-efficacy, triage performance ability in KTAS level, and chief complaints significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, the numbers of under-triage in KTAS significantly decreased in the experimental group in comparison to the control group.

 Conclusion

The results suggest that the learning program was effective in improving ED nurses' level of self-efficacy and triage performance ability (KTAS level and KTAS chief complaint). Accordingly, the web-based KTAS learning program can be applied as an education intervention to improve ED nurses' triage skill.

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Evaluation of Validity of the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale
Heejung Choi, Jong Sun Ok, Soo Young An
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(1):26-35.   Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.1.26
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify the predictive validity of the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS).

 Methods

This methodological study used data from National Emergency Department Information System for 2016. The KTAS disposition and emergency treatment results for emergency patients aged 15 years and older were analyzed to evaluate its predictive validity through its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.

 Results

In case of death in the emergency department, or where the intensive care unit admission was considered an emergency, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the KTAS were 0.916, 0.581, 0.097, and 0.993, respectively. In case of death in the emergency department, or where the intensive or non-intensive care unit admission was considered an emergency, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.700, 0.642, 0.391, and 0.867, respectively.

 Conclusion

The results of this study showed that the KTAS had high sensitivity but low specificity. It is necessary to constantly review and revise the KTAS level classification because it still results in a few errors of under and over-triage. Nevertheless, this study is meaningful in that it was an evaluation of the KTAS for the total cases of adult patients who sought help at regional and local emergency medical centers in 2016.

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  • Prognostic Implications of KTAS Levels 2 and 3 in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Single-center Retrospective Study
    Sujin Koo, Seongeun Lee, Jae Young Park, JeongKyu Lee, Keon Yeup Kim, Hyunsun Oh, Jeonghoon Ahn, Bum Joon Kim
    Journal of the Korean Neurological Association.2026; 44(1): 27.     CrossRef
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    Nayeon Yi, Dain Baik
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    Soo Young An, Jong Sun Ok, Sung Hea Kim
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Latent Class Analysis for Health-Related Quality of Life in the Middle-Aged Male in South Korea
Youngsuk Cho, Dong Moon Yeum
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(1):104-112.   Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.1.104
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study aimed to identify types of quality of life (QoL) based on the 5 dimensions of EQ-5D and predict factors affecting types of QoL.

 Methods

This study was a secondary analysis using data from the Korean Health Panel Survey- II(2012). Participants were 2,071 middle-aged men who had completed the additional survey in 2012 and the data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and Mplus 5.21 for latent analysis.

 Results

Three latent classes of QoL were identified: serious (2.4% of the sample), threatened (15.5%), and stable types (82.0%). The types and characteristics of QoL among the latent classes differed. On comparing latent type 1 with latent type 2, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), employment status (p<.05), and subjective health status (p<.001) were found to be significant. On comparing latent type 1 with latent type 3, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), current smoking status (p<.001), and subjective health status (p<.001) were found to be significant. On comparing latent type 2 with latent type 3, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), subjective health status (p<.001), stress (p<.001) were found to be significant.

 Conclusion

The results showed significant heterogeneity in types of QoL and the predictors of QoL by types were different. These findings provide basic information for developing nursing interventions to improve QoL. Specific characteristics depending on the subtypes should be considered during the development of interventions.

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    Ying liu, Yunmei Guo, Rui Ding, Xin Yan, Huiwen Tan, Xueting Wang, Yousha Wang, LianHong Wang
    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Development of the Korean Geriatric Loneliness Scale (KGLS)
Si Eun Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):643-654.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.643
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and psychometrically test the Korean Geriatric Loneliness Scale (KGLS).

 Methods

The initial items were based on in-depth interviews with 10 older adults. Psychometric testing was then conducted with 322 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or older. Content, construct, and criterion-related validity, classification in cutoff point, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability were used for the analysis.

 Results

Exploratory factor analysis showed three factors, including 15 items explaining 91.6% of the total variance. The three distinct factors were loneliness associated with family relationships (34.3%), social loneliness (32.4%), and a lack of belonging (24.9%). As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, 14 items in the three-factor structure were validated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the KGLS’ cutoff point of 32 was associated with a sensitivity of 71.0%, specificity of 80.2%, and area under the curve of .83. Reliability, as verified by the test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient, was .89, and Cronbach's α was .90.

 Conclusion

As its validity and reliability have been verified through various methods, the KGLS can contribute to assessing loneliness in South Korean older adults.

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    Kyung Sook Kim, Miok Kim, Mi Hee Han
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    Seon Ju Song, Sung Hee Ko, Ji Young Kim, Hyun Kyung Kim
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    Kyung Sook Kim, Miok Kim
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    Boo Deuk Suh, Kyoung Hee Kwon
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    Kang-Hyun Park, Eun-Young Yoo, Jongbae Kim, Ickpyo Hong, Jae-Shin Lee, Ji-Hyuk Park
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(23): 12374.     CrossRef
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Identification of Knowledge Structure of Pain Management Nursing Research Applying Text Network Analysis
Chan Sook Park, Eun-Jun Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):538-549.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.538
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to explore and compare the knowledge structure of pain management nursing research, between Korea and other countries, applying a text network analysis.

 Methods

321 Korean and 6,685 international study abstracts of pain management, published from 2004 to 2017, were collected. Keywords and meaningful morphemes from the abstracts were analyzed and refined, and their co-occurrence matrix was generated. Two networks of 140 and 424 keywords, respectively, of domestic and international studies were analyzed using NetMiner 4.3 software for degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector community analysis.

 Results

In both Korean and international studies, the most important, core-keywords were “pain,” “patient,” “pain management,” “registered nurses,” “care,” “cancer,” “need,” “analgesia,” “assessment,” and “surgery.” While some keywords like “education,” “knowledge,” and “patient-controlled analgesia” found to be important in Korean studies; “treatment,” “hospice palliative care,” and “children” were critical keywords in international studies. Three common sub-topic groups found in Korean and international studies were “pain and accompanying symptoms,” “target groups of pain management,” and “RNs’ performance of pain management.” It is only in recent years (2016~17), that keywords such as “performance,” “attitude,” “depression,” and “sleep” have become more important in Korean studies than, while keywords such as “assessment,” “intervention,” “analgesia,” and “chronic pain” have become important in international studies.

 Conclusion

It is suggested that Korean pain-management researchers should expand their concerns to children and adolescents, the elderly, patients with chronic pain, patients in diverse healthcare settings, and patients’ use of opioid analgesia. Moreover, researchers need to approach pain-management with a quality of life perspective rather than a mere focus on individual symptoms.

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    Minhwa Kang, Minjeong Seo
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    Ja Yun Choi, Su Yeon Lim, So Young Yun
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    Yeji Seo, Kyunghee Kim, Ji-Su Kim
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    Eun Young Kim, Sung Ok Chang
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The Development and Evaluation of a Health Literacy-Adapted Self-Management Intervention for Elderly Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Yoon Sun Kim, Young Sook Tae, Kwuy-Im Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(4):472-485.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.472
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an adapted health literacy self-management intervention for elderly cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

 Methods

The intervention in this study was systematically developed through the six stages of Intervention Mapping Protocol and was based on Fransen et al's causal pathway model. A quasi-experimental trial was conducted on a total of 52 elderly patients (26 in an experimental group and 26 in a control group) undergoing chemotherapy in Korea. The intervention consisted of seven sessions over 5 weeks. The experimental tool for this study was an adapted health literacy self-management intervention, which was designed to promote a reduction in the symptom experience and distress of elderly cancer patients through the promotion of self-management behavior. To develop efficient educational materials, the participants’ health literacy was measured. To educate participants, clear communication and the teach-back method were used. In addition, for the improvement of self-efficacy, four sources were utilized. For the promotion of self-management behavior, five self-management skills were strengthened. Data were collected before and after the intervention from June 4 to September 14, 2018. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 21.0.

 Results

Following the intervention, self-management knowledge and behavior and, self-efficacy significantly improved in experimental group. Symptom experience and distress decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group.

 Conclusion

The self-management intervention presented in this study was found to be effective in increasing self-management knowledge and behavior and, self-efficacy, and ultimately in reducing symptom experience and distress for elderly patients undergoing chemotherapy.

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    Sun Ju Chang, Kyoung-eun Lee, Eunjin Yang, Hyunju Ryu
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    Seonhwa Choi, Jahyun Choi
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Experiences of Ego Integrity Recovery in Elderly Cancer Patients: Grounded Theory Approach
Han-Gyo Choi, Hye-Ah Yeom
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):349-360.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.349
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study was conducted to derive a substantive theory on lived experiences of elderly cancer patients.

 Methods

The data were collected from February to March 2018 through in-depth personal interviews with 14 elderly cancer patients. The collected data were analyzed based on Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory.

 Results

The core category was “the journey to find balance in daily lives as a cancer patient by recovering disturbed ego integrity.” The core phenomenon was “shattered by suffering from cancer,” and the causal conditions were “physical change” and “limitations in daily life.” The contextual conditions were “decreased self-esteem,” “feelings of guilt toward the family,” and the sense of “economic burden.” The participants’ action and interaction strategies were “maintaining or avoiding social relations,” “seeking meaning of the illness,” “falling into despair,” and “strengthening the willingness to battle the cancer.” The intervening conditions were “support from health care providers and family,” “dissatisfaction with health care providers,” “spiritual help from religion,” and “the improvement or worsening of health conditions.” The consequences were “having a new insight for life,” “living positively along with cancer illness,” and “the loss of willingness to live.” A summary of the series of processes includes the “crisis stage,” “reorganizing stage,” and the “ego integration stage.”

 Conclusion

This study explored the holistic process of ego integrity impairment and the recovery experience of elderly cancer patients. This study is expected to be used as a basis for the development of nursing interventions that can support patients when coping with all stages of their cancer illness trajectory.

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Reversals in Decisions about Life-Sustaining Treatment and Associated Factors among Older Patients with Terminal Stage of Cardiopulmonary Disease
Jung-Ja Choi, Su Hyun Kim, Shin-Woo Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):329-339.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.329
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency, patterns, and factors of reversals in decisions about life-sustaining treatment (LST) among older patients with terminal-stage chronic cardiopulmonary disease.

 Methods

This was a retrospective correlational descriptive study based on medical chart review. De-identified patient electronic medical record data were collected from 124 deceased older patients with terminal-stage cardiopulmonary disease who had made reversals of LST decisions in an academic tertiary hospital in 2015. Data were extracted about the reversed LST decisions, LST treatments applied before death, and patients’ demographic and clinical factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the reversal to higher intensity of LST treatment.

 Results

The use of inotropic agents was the most frequently reversed LST treatment, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intubation, ventilator therapy, and hemodialysis. Inconsistency between the last LST decisions and actual treatments occurred most often in hemodialysis. One-third of the reversals in LST decisions were made toward higher intensity of LST treatment. Patients who had lung diseases (vs. heart diseases); were single, divorced, or bereaved (vs. married); and had an acquaintance as a primary decision maker (vs. the patients themselves) were significantly more likely to reverse the LST decisions to higher intensity of LST treatment.

 Conclusion

This study demonstrated the complex and turmoil situation of the LST decision-making process among older patients with terminal-stage cardiopulmonary disease and suggests the importance of support for patients and families in their LST decision-making process.

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    Jiyeon Choi, Heejung Jeon, Ilhak Lee
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    Hyun Jung Jung, Jeong Yun Park
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Mediation Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Relationship between Perceived Self-Management Support and Health-Related Quality of Life among Cancer Survivors
Bo Gyeong Lee, Tae Sook Lee, Soo Hyun Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):298-306.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.298
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to examine the levels of perceived self-management support, self-efficacy for self-management, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in cancer survivors, and to identify the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between perceived self-management support and HRQoL.

 Methods

This study used a descriptive correlational design. Two hundred and four cancer survivors who had completed treatment participated in the study. Measurements included the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care Scale, the Korean version of the Cancer Survivors’ Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple regression analysis using Baron and Kenny's method for mediation.

 Results

The mean score for perceived self-management support was 3.35 out of 5 points, self-efficacy was 7.26 out of 10 points, and HRQoL was 65.90 out of 100 points. Perceived self-management support was significantly positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=.29, p<.001) and HRQoL (r=.27, p<.001). Self-efficacy was also significantly correlated with HRQoL (r=.59, p<.001). Furthermore, self-efficacy (β=.55, p<.001) had a complete mediating effect on the relationship between perceived self-management support and HRQoL (Z=3.88, p<.001).

 Conclusion

The impact of perceived self-management support on HRQoL in cancer survivors was mediated by self-efficacy for self-management. This suggests that strategies for enhancing self-efficacy in cancer survivors should be considered when developing self-management interventions for improving their HRQoL.

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    Enhee Jo, Ju-Young Park, Young Jun Jang
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Prediction Modeling on Family Life Satisfaction of Old Adults Living at Home
Young Mi Huh, Sohyune Sok
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):534-544.   Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.534
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to construct and test a structural model on family life satisfaction of aged individuals living at home. The conceptual model was based on Bandura's self-efficacy and social cognitive theories (1977; 1986) and Bowen's (1976) family systems theory.

 Methods

From January 25 to March 5, 2016, 227 older adults living at home completed a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed to calculate the direct and indirect effects of factors affecting family life satisfaction. SPSS WIN 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 were used.

 Results

The hypothetical model was a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were χ2=78.05, χ2/df=1.35, RMSR=.02, GFI=.98, AGFI=.96, NFI=.94, CFI=.98, and RMSEA=. 05. Family life satisfaction was positively affected by perceived collective family efficacy, status of physical health, family communication, and family support. Depression resulted in a significant negative effect. Family differentiation had a significant indirect effect on family life satisfaction. The model explained 76% of variance in family life satisfaction.

 Conclusion

Perceived collective family efficacy, status of physical health, depression, family differentiation, family communication, and family support were significant factors explaining family life satisfaction among older adults staying at home. Further research should be conducted to seek intervention strategies to improve family life satisfaction among older adults living at home by focusing on the respective contributing factors.

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    Han Wu, Haijun Zhang, Congzhi Wang, Tian Pan, Yue Zhao, Xiang Chen, Lin Zhang
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    Kyoung-eun Lee, Hyunju Ryu, Sun Ju Chang
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Psychoeducational Approach to Distress Management of Newly Diagnosed Patients with Breast Cancer
Jin-Hee Park, Mison Chun, Yong Sik Jung, Sun Hyoung Bae, Young-Mi Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(6):669-678.   Published online January 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.669
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of integrated psychoeducational program for distress management of newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer.

 Methods

A quasi-experimental trial was conducted. The participants consisted of 47 female patients with breast cancer assigned to an intervention group (n=25) and control group (n=22). The intervention group participated in integrated psychoeducational program, consisting of individual face-to-face education and telephone-delivered health-coaching sessions. Data were collected at three time points: pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2), and 6-month follow-up (T3). Study instruments were Distress thermometer, Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form 34 and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast.

 Results

Compared with the control group, breast cancer patients in the intervention group reported lower distress and supportive care needs than the control group. The intervention group reported higher quality of life (QOL) overall and higher emotional well-being than the control group.

 Conclusion

These findings indicate that the integrated psychoeducational program is an effective intervention for reducing distress and supportive care needs and increasing QOL of newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer. Oncology nurses need to provide psychoeducational intervention to support patients with breast cancer in managing their distress and helping them adjust to their life.

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    Young-Hee Je, Kyoung-Ah Kang
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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(20): 7532.     CrossRef
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Development and Effects of Combined Exercise Program for Older Adults with Sarcopenia Based on Transtheoretical Model
Seoyoun Park, Mee Ock Gu
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(6):656-668.   Published online January 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.656
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and examine the effects of combined exercise program for older adults with sarcopenia based on transtheoretical model (TTM).

 Methods

A non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects consisted of 43 older adults with sarcopenia in precontemplation stage, contemplation stage and preparation stage of TTM (experimental group: 22, control group: 21). The developed program consisted of 36 sessions for 12 weeks including combined exercise (60 minutes) and TTM based strategies for enhancing exercise behavior (10 minutes) per session. Data were collected before, immediately after the program between July 31 to October 27, 2017. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test with SPSS/WIN 18.0.

 Results

Compared with their counterparts in the control groups, older adults with sarcopenia in the experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in process of exercise behavior change, pros and cons of decisional balance for exercise behavior, exercise self-efficacy, parameters of muscle, and the level of physical performance.

 Conclusion

The study findings indicate that this combined exercise program for older adults with sarcopenia based on TTM model was effective and can be recommended as a nursing intervention for older adults with sarcopenia.

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Development of a Triage Competency Scale for Emergency Nurses
Sun Hee Moon, Yeon Hwan Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(3):362-374.   Published online January 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.3.362
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop a triage competency scale (TCS) for emergency nurses, and to evaluate its validity and reliability.

 Methods

Preliminary items were derived based on the attributes and indicators elicited from a concept analysis study on triage competency. Ten experts assessed whether the preliminary items belonged to the construct factor and determined the appropriateness of each item. A revised questionnaire was administered to 250 nurses in 18 emergency departments to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Data analysis comprised item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, contrasted group validity, and criterion-related validity, including criterion-related validity of the problem solving method using video scenarios.

 Results

The item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis yielded 5 factors with 30 items; the fit index of the derived model was good (χ 2/df =2.46, Root Mean squared Residual=.04, Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation=.08). Additionally, contrasted group validity was assessed. Participants were classified as novice, advanced beginner, competent, and proficient, and significant differences were observed in the mean score for each group (F=6.02, p=.001). With reference to criterion-related validity, there was a positive correlation between scores on the TCS and the Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale (r=.48, p<.001). Further, the total score on the problem solving method using video scenarios was positively correlated with the TCS score (r=.13, p=.04). The Cronbach's α of the final model was .91.

 Conclusion

Our TCS is useful for the objective assessment of triage competency among emergency nurses and the evaluation of triage education programs.

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    Meritxell López Hernández, Montserrat Puig‐Llobet, Sergio Higon Fernández, Marta Franco Freirut, Yolanda Moreno Mateos, Jordi Galimany Masclans
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