Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Effects of Emotional Intelligence on Job Satisfaction of Pediatric Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Communication Skills and Pediatric Nurse-Parent Partnership: Lee, Da Gyeon , Choi, Mi-Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(5):514-524. Published online October 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23044

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of communication skills and pediatric nurse-parent partnership on the relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among pediatric nurses.
Methods
A survey was administered to 205 pediatric nurses working in children’s, general, and tertiary hospitals situated in Chungcheong province and Seoul. Data were collected in August and September 2022. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 26.0 along with the PROCESS macro program.
Results
Emotional intelligence had a significant effect, and was a critical factor affecting the job satisfaction of pediatric nurses. Furthermore, communication skills and nurse-parent partnership had a serial double mediating effect.
Conclusion
These findings underscore the significance of conducting job satisfaction improvement programs, including strategies for augmenting emotional intelligence, bolstering communication skills, and fostering nurse-parent partnership.

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Factors influencing partnerships between care workers and families in nursing homes in South Korea
Eun-Yeong Jung, Hye-Young Jang
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Factors Influencing the COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions in Parents for Their Children Aged 5~11: Korea, April 2022: Choi, In Suk , Kim, Eun A; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(2):208-221. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22096

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate COVID-19 vaccination intentions in Korean parents for their children aged 5 to 11 years and the factors influencing them.
Methods
A cross-sectional online survey of 363 parents of children aged 5 to 11 years was conducted in Korea in April 2022. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, χ2-test, Fisher’s exact test, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 26.0 and MedCalc software version 20.113.
Results
Of 363 Korean parents with children aged 5 to 11, 42.4% intended to vaccinate their children. Significant factors influencing vaccination intention were the second or third birth order of children (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.45~8.21), vaccine hesitancy-confidence (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.51~2.65), vaccine hesitancy-collective responsibility (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.10~2.25), and COVID-19 anxiety-avoidance (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.13~2.11).
Conclusion
Findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccine campaigns based on reliable information and evidence from health authorities are needed to increase COVID-19 vaccination. Well-designed health communications for the target population may help to increase parental vaccine acceptance.

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Effective Vaccination and Education Strategies for Emerging Infectious Diseases Such as COVID-19
Seong-Heon Wie, Jaehun Jung, Woo Joo Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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A Predictive Model of Resilience in Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: Cho, Youyoung , Kim, Hyeonok; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(4):407-420. Published online August 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21235

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This structural model study was constructed and verified a hypothetical model to examine the effects of parenting stress, social resources, family resources, and positive coping on resilience among mothers of children with developmental disabilities.
Methods
Data were collected using self‐report structured questionnaires, from October 19 to October 30, 2018, with 214 mothers caring for chil-dren with developmental disabilities under the age of 20 years.
Results
In the fitness test results of the hypothesis model, with the fit index χ ² (p) = 69.27 (< .001), and the normed fit indices (χ ² = 1.87, GFI = .94, CFI = .97, NFI = .93, and TLI = .95, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .06), this study satisfies the good fitness in standards. There are seven statistically significant paths among the 10 paths set in the hypotheti-cal model. The explanatory power of parenting stress and social resources, which affects the family resources was 41.4%, the explanato-ry power of parenting stress, social resources, and family resources affecting the positive coping was 58.9%, and the explanatory power of parenting stress, social resources, family resources, and positive coping affecting resilience was 55.5%.
Conclusion
Positive coping, family resources, and social resources of mothers of children with developmental disabilities directly affect their resilience, and parenting stress indirectly affects it. Therefore, to improve the resilience of mothers of children with developmental disabilities, it is necessary to develop a systematic nursing intervention that considers parenting stress, social resources, family resources, and positive coping.

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Review Article

Parental Factors Associated with Smartphone Overuse in Preschoolers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Lee, Gumhee , Kim, Sungjae , Yu, Heajin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(3):349-368. Published online June 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19186

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify parental factors associated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers.
Methods
A systematic reviewwas conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2009 to June 2019 were identifiedthrough systematic search in 10 electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, Web of Science, NDSL, KISS, KMbase,KoreaMed, and RISS). Standardized effect sizes were calculated to quantify the associations of parental factors with smartphoneoveruse in preschoolers using meta-analysis.
Results
A total of 30 cross-sectional studies involving 7,943 participants met the inclusioncriteria. The following were negatively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers: mother’s parenting self-efficacy (r =-.35),mother-child attachment (r =-.28), mother’s positive parenting behavior (r =-.28), mother’s positive parenting attitude (r =-.25), and father’sparenting involvement (r =-.15). Further, maternal factors such as smartphone addiction tendency (r =.41), parenting stress (r =.40), negativeparenting behavior (r =.35), negative parenting attitude (r =.14), smartphone usage time (r =.26), employment status (r =.18), and age(r =.12) were positively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers.
Conclusion
Several parental factors influence smartphoneoveruse in preschoolers. These findings emphasize the need to assess and enhance the parental factors identified in this study to preventsmartphone overuse in preschoolers. Accordingly, we recommend the development of preventive interventions to strengthen parent-relatedprotective factors and mitigate risk factors.

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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SMARTPHONE OVERDEPENDENCE IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND ITS EFFECT ON SOCIAL BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS
Leyla Çakmak, Fikriye Aksoy Boğanak, Nurettin Menteş, Mustafa Volkan
Sağlık ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi.2025; 7(1): 43. CrossRef
Empowering Parents: The Impact of a Parenting Practice-Based Care Module on Preventing Internet Gaming Disorder in Elementary School Children
Nur Hidaayah, Esti Yunitasari, Hanik Endang Nihayati
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research.2025; 30(2): 211. CrossRef
Effects of digitalization in preschool education on the creative and cognitive development of children
Yiyi Chen, Zihe Ding
Education and Information Technologies.2024; 29(16): 21567. CrossRef
Sequential Dual Mediating Effects of Smartphone Dependence and Aggression on the Relationship Between Negative Parenting Attitudes and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents
Jihun Na, Sungkyu Lee, Hyeyeon Sung, Jinho Jhone
Child & Family Social Work.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Manifestations’ Spectrum of Smartphone Addiction: Moving from an Addiction toward a Clinical Syndrome
Mudar Alwazzeh, Muhdammad Harfouch, Manal Ahmed Hasan, Safi Alqatari, Abir Hamad AlSaid, Marwan Jabr Alwazzeh
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The experiences of counselors caring for children and adolescents with problematic smartphone use
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Effects of emotion coaching group programme for mothers of preschool children with smart device overdependence: a mixed methods study
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Prevalence, determinants and consequences of problematic smartphone use among preschoolers (3–5 years) from Dhaka, Bangladesh: A cross-sectional investigation
Faruq Abdulla, Md. Moyazzem Hossain, Mohammed Nazmul Huq, Abdul Hai, Azizur Rahman, Russell Kabir, Farhana Jahan Peya, Sinigdha Islam, Hafiz T.A. Khan
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Factors related to the organizational silence of Korean nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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What Do Mothers Consider When Choosing Screen Media Programs for Their Infants?
Yoon Kyung Kim, Dongmee Lee, Ju Hee Park
Family and Environment Research.2022; 60(1): 115. CrossRef
Relationship between Mother’s emotional intelligence, negative parenting behaviour, Preschooler’s attachment instability, and smart device overdependence
Gumhee Lee, Sungjae Kim
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Related to Smartphone Overdependence in Mothers of Preschoolers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Gumhee Lee, Eunjin Yang
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services.2022; 60(3): 40. CrossRef
Mediating Effects of Online-Based Leisure Between Parenting Attitudes and Children’s Smartphone Dependency
Yoonju Cho
Korean Journal of Child Studies.2021; 42(6): 695. CrossRef
Pathway from Maternal Parenting Efficacy, Inappropriate Motives for Allowing Smart Devices, and Smart Device Dependency to Preschoolers’ Ability to Understand Minds
Yun Mi Park, Min Ju Kang
Korean Journal of Child Studies.2020; 41(6): 9. CrossRef

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Original Articles

The Effect of a Social Skills Program on Violent Behaviors in Children Aged 60~72 Months: Tülay Kuzlu Ayyildiz, Güler Cimete; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):771-782. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.771

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To determine the effects of a child and parent program on developing social skills for preventing violent behaviors in children aged 60~72 months through a specially developed pre and posttest, control group, quasi-experimental study.

Methods

A social skills development program based on Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory was used. The data were collected using the Social Skills Assessment Scale (SSAS), a Chart to Monitor Verbal and Behavioral Violence in Children, the Parental Attitude Scale and the Parent Interview Form. This quasi-experimental study that included a pretest, posttest, and control group had a sample comprising 67 children and parents, with 36 in the experimental group, and 31 in the control group.

Results

Over a six-month period, while the social skill scores of the children in the experimental and control groups increased, their violent behaviors decreased (p<.050). Increase in social skill scores and decrease in violent behaviors were higher in the experimental than in the control group children (p<.050). The parents in the experimental group stated that they had started to empathize with their children, using “I” language, and applied rules more consistently after the program.

Conclusion

This program was successful in preventing violent behaviors in children through the development of social skills. Hence, it can be effectively implemented through a teacher/nurse collaboration.

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Effects of School-Based Interventions Implemented by Nurses for Children Aged 3-6 Years: A Systematic Review of Experimental Evidence
Gökçe Algül, Ebru Kılıçarslan
SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Motherhood Ideology and Parenting Stress according to Parenting Behavior Patterns of Married Immigrant Women with Young Children: So-Hyun Moon, Miok Kim, Hyeun Na; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(4):449-460. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.449

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aims to provide base data for designing education and counseling programs for child-raising by identifying the types, characteristics and predictors of parenting behaviors of married immigrant women.

Methods

We used a self-report questionnaire to survey 126 immigrant mothers of young children, who agreed to participate, and who could speak Korean, Vietnamese, Chinese, Filipino, or English, at two children's hospitals and two multicultural support centers. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis, K-means clustering, χ 2 test, Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA, Schéffe's test, and multinominal logistic regression.

Results

We identified three clusters of parenting behaviors: ‘affectionate acceptance group’ (38.9%), ‘active engaging group’ (26.2%), and ‘passive parenting group’ (34.9%). Passive parenting and affectionate acceptance groups were distinguished by the conversation time between couples (p=.028, OR=5.52), ideology of motherhood (p=.032, OR=4.33), and parenting stress between parent and child (p=.049, OR=0.22). Passive parenting was distinguished from active engaging group by support from spouses for participating in multicultural support centers or relevant programs (p=.011, OR=2.37), and ideology of motherhood (p=.001, OR=16.65). Ideology of motherhood was also the distinguishing factor between affectionate acceptance and active engaging groups (p=.041, OR=3.85).

Conclusion

Since immigrant women's parenting type depends on their ideology of motherhood, parenting stress, and spousal relationships in terms of communication and support to help their child-raising and socio-cultural adaptation, it is necessary to provide them with systematic education and support, as well as interventions across personal, family, and community levels.

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Effects of Maternal Adjustment Enhancement Program Using Mobile-Based Education for Chinese Immigrant Women in Korea: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Ju-Eun Song, Eun Ha Roh, Youn-Jeong Kim, Jeong-Ah Ahn
Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2022; 33(6): 685. CrossRef
Parenting Stress in Preterm and Full-term Infant Mothers by Their Children’s Developmental Stages
Kieun Kim, Hyejung Lee
Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2020; 24(3): 162. CrossRef

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Impact of Parents’ Problem Drinking on Suicidal Ideation of Their University Student Children : The Multiple Mediating Effects of Childhood Trauma, Experiential Avoidance and Depression: Eun Sook Lee, Eun Ju Bong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):565-577. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.565

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a hypothetical model about impact of parents’ problem drinking on suicidal ideation of their children who are university students and the multiple mediating effects of childhood trauma, experiential avoidance, and depression based on stress-vulnerability model.

Methods

A purposive sample of 400 university students was recruited from three universities in provincial areas and the data were collected between October and November 2016. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed. Multiple mediating effects analysis using phantom variable and bootstrapping were implemented to verify the mediating effect of the research model.

Results

We found no significant direct effect on depression and suicidal ideation of parents’ problem drinking, but multiple mediating effects of childhood trauma and experiential avoidance between parents’ problem drinking and depression (B=.38, p=.001). The path from parents’ problem drinking to suicidal ideation was significantly mediated by childhood trauma and depression (B=.02, p=.016) and by childhood trauma, experiential avoidance, and depression (B=.05, p=.011), but experiential avoidance did not have a significant direct effect on suicidal ideation (B=.02, p=.616). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that in order to decrease depression and prevent suicide of university students, considering of parents’ problem drinking and childhood trauma, intervention methods that decreased chronic use of experiential avoidance and strengthen acceptance should be developed and made available to them.

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Psychological Trauma Predicts Obesity in Welsh Secure Mental Health Inpatients
Joseph Lloyd Davies, Daniel Lawrence, Ruth Bagshaw, Andrew Watt, Shane Mills, Catherine Heidi Seage
International Journal of Forensic Mental Health.2024; 23(3): 241. CrossRef
Associations between Suicidal Ideation and Relatives’ Physical and Mental Health among Community Residents: Differences between Family Members and Lineal Consanguinity
Caifeng Li, Zhen Wei, Yifan Wang, Long Sun
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(23): 15997. CrossRef

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Perception on Parental Coping on Unintentional Injury of Their Early Infants and Toddlers: Q Methodological Approach: Da In Lee, Ho Ran Park, Sun Nam Park, Sungsil Hong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(3):335-348. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.3.335

Abstract PDF: Abstract Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify parental coping strategies in the face of early infant and toddler injury, and to provide basic data for a parental education program and the most desirable directions it should take.
Methods
A Q-methodology to analyze the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty-four Q-statements were derived from a literature review and interviews. Forty-seven parents were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed by the pc-QUANL program.
Results
Five types of parental coping in early infant and toddler injury were identified. Type I was “hospital treatment focused”, type II was “Improving the safety of the child's environment”, type III was “expression of negative emotion”, type IV was “taking the lead in problem solving”, and type V was “Interrogating the person in charge of the situation in which the injury occurred”.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs can be used for parents in early childhood injury.

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Effects of Parenting Stress and Controlling Parenting Attitudes on Problem Behaviors of Preschool Children: Latent Growth Model Analysis: Jeong Won Han, Hanna Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):109-121. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.109

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study was conducted to examine the longitudinal effects of parenting stress and parental control attitudes on problem behaviors in preschool children, using a latent growth model.

Methods

Participants were 1,724 pairs of parents and 1,724 preschool children who had completed the panel survey on Korean children (5^th~7^th survey panels).

Results

An analysis of the multivariate latent growth model of parenting stress, parental control attitudes, and children's problem behaviors suggested that the parents’ intercepts for parenting stress influenced their intercepts for parental control attitudes (father: b=.21, p<.001; mother: b=.55, p<.001). In addition, the slopes for fathers’ parenting stress was the only aspect that affected the slopes for mothers’ parental control attitudes (b=.77, p<.001). Moreover, both the intercepts and slopes of parenting stress and parental control attitudes significantly affected the children's problem behaviors.

Conclusion

This study is significant as it provides longitudinal evidence of the impact of parenting stress and parental control attitudes on children's problem behaviors. The findings suggest that accurately assessing changes in parenting stress and parental control attitudes and developing intervention programs to reduce them will be effective in reducing problem behaviors in children.

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Osman Hatun, Pınar Kütük-Yılmaz, Gülşen Topal-Özgen
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Patricia Trautmann-Villalba, Eva Heine, Angela Kribs, Katrin Mehler
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Mine Durmuşoğlu, Tülay İlhan İyi, Cansu Yıldız Taşdemir
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Jingjing Zhu, Shuhui Xiang, Yan Li
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Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi.2024; 37(3): 974. CrossRef
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Factors Influencing Burnout among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy: Ji-Young Seo, Hae-Jin Lee, Mi-Ae You; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(2):233-241. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.233

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parental stress, social support, and coping behavior on burnout among mothers caring for children with cerebral palsy.

Methods

Participants in this cross-sectional, descriptive study were 185 mothers who completed a self-report structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation and multiple linear regression analyses with IBM SPSS Win 22 program.

Results

Parental stress and coping behavior were strong predictors of burnout among mothers of children with cerebral palsy. These variables explained 50.0% of the variance in burnout. Social support was not a predictor of burnout. A higher level of burnout was associated with higher levels of parental stress and lower levels of social support and coping behavior.

Conclusion

Mothers of children with cerebral palsy are vulnerable to burnout. These results show that effective strategies for reducing parental stress and improving positive coping behavior are needed to reduce burnout in these mothers.

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A Phenomenological Study on Orphans' Lived Experience of Their Parents: Yang Sook Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(2):452-462. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.2.452

Abstract PDF

There are currently 214 orphanages in Korea which house approximately 13,873 orphans aged between 3 and 18; this accounts for about 0.12% of all children in the same age range. Some have lost their parents, but most have come after their parents divorced or broke up. This means majority of the children in Child Care Centers have parents. Traditional virtue of obedience to parents (Hyo) was regarded as one of the highest value in Korea. Also the interaction between parents and their children was regarded as basic human nature that parents look after, both physically and spiritually, their children until they become one of the matured social member. Raised without having a chance to realize their filial duty and not having been cared for by their parents, most orphans feel that they lack something in their lives when compared with friends. In the end, they live their lives longing for their parents and go through mental discord about their parents. This paper is focused on understanding orphans' experience and views on parents. I approached the issue by applying van Manen's Hermeneutic Phenomenological Approach. The interviews, along with other reference material were phenomenologically reflected to draw essential themes as follows; 1. Orphans of pre-school age hazily long for parents without having any practical image of their parents. 2. They occasionally dream meeting their parents with image that can only last in their dreams, and this continues up through middle school. 3. At the age of elementary school, they crave the image of parents as they see their friends with their parents. 4. They start to despise their parents for having abandoned them when they reach puberty. 5. Meanwhile, as their vague image of parents fade away, they attempt to give up their thoughts toward their parents. 6. Highteens start to think in terms of fate. 7. They don't long for their parents anymore as they used to, but still wishes to meet them at least once. However, they don't want to start any kind of a relationship with them. 8. They fear that they will also fail in raising families of their own, and making their children orphans too, just like their parents have. They simply don't want to follow their footsteps. 9. Thinking that they were abandoned by their parents, they are reluctant to believe other people.

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Effects of Group Rehabilitation Gymnastics for Stroke Patients
Sun-Houng Kim, Nam-Eun Moon, Mi-Yang Jeon, Hyeon-Cheol Jeong
Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science.2022; 11(2): 207. CrossRef
Expanding the concept of birthparent loss to orphans: Exploratory findings from adolescents in institutional care in South Korea
Hollee A. McGinnis
New Ideas in Psychology.2021; 63: 100892. CrossRef

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The Lived Experience of Mothers Mentally Handicapped Daughters Having Menarche at Puberty: Myung Sook Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(3):494-506. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.3.494

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study is to understand the structure of mothers of mentally handicapped daughters' lived experience, to apprehend the connectedness of the structure of the experience with concept of Parse's human becoming theory, and to provide a foundation for nursing research and education. Data collection was conducted from October 1995 to April 1996. Research participants were eight mothers of mentally handicapped daughters whose ages ranged from 12 to 18 attending special schools located in either Inchon or Seoul. The researcher had interviews with them over their lived experience conducted tape recorded, and made an analysis according to Parse's "human becoming research methodology." The data were collected using the dialogical engagement process "I and You," the participant researcher and the participant subject. The data were analyzed using the extraction-synthesis and heuristic interpretation. The structural integration is illustrated in the following: 1) Realizing the mother's role of mentally handicapped daughters and admitting situation. 2) Concealing a part of their relationship with others is interpreted as revealing-concealing. 3) Their fight back voluntarily to improve the situation is interpreted as powering. The conceptual integration which emerged was the lived experience of mothers is powering through the revealing-concealing and connection-separating of valuing.

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Parental Role Stress and Perception of the Newborn in Mothers of Preterm Babies: Young Im Moon, Hyun Young Koo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(1):174-182. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.1.174

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to contribute to neonatal nursing and maternal nursing to reduce parental role stress in mothers of preterm babies and to improve perception of the newborn to by the parents. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were consisted of a parental role stress scale and a neonatal perception inventory. The subjects were 100 mothers of fullterm babies and 50 mothers of preterm babies, all in the early postpartum stage and admitted to three hospitals I the Kyoung-In area between November 8 1997 and May 30, 1998. The data were analyzed by a SPSS program and the results are as follows : 1. There were no significantly differences in the means for parental role stress between mothers of fullterm babies and preterm babies. The mean for perception of the newborn was significantly lower in mothers of preterm babies than in mothers of fullterm babies. 2. In mothers of preterm babies, the level of parental role stress was correlated to the one minute Apgar score. The level of perception of the newborn was correlated to gestational age and birth weight. 3. The mothers of preterm babies whose education level was above graduation from college had lower parental role stress than those who had a lowers level of education. The mothers who had experienced cesarean section had higher parental role stress than those who gave birth to their baby prematurely. The above findings indicate that mothers of preterm babies had lower perception of the newborn than mothers of fullterm babies. Therefore, nursing intervention should be provided for mothers of preterm babies to manage parental role stress and improve perception of the newborn.

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COVID-19 et naissance prématurée : stress parental, trouble de stress post-traumatique et lien entre le nouveau-né et ses parents
F. Koliouli, O. Troupel, M. Dajon, M. Benard
Psychologie Française.2024; 69(2): 129. CrossRef
The risk of low risk: First time motherhood, prematurity and dyadic well‐being
Lauren Porter, Kate van Heugten, Patricia Champion
Infant Mental Health Journal.2020; 41(6): 836. CrossRef
The conceptual structure of transition to motherhood in the neonatal intensive care unit
Hyunjeong Shin, Rosemary White‐Traut
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2007; 58(1): 90. CrossRef

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Experience of Mothers of Mentally Handicapped Children Having Menarche: Myung Sook Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(1):7-16. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.1.7

Abstract PDF: Various difficulties and inconvenience arise from having a mentally handicapped child in a family and these place many demands on mothers. There are few studies in Korea on these demands nor on what mothers go through with their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche and puberty. The purpose of the study was to examine the experiences of mothers of mentally handicapped daughters, as it relates to their daughters' menarche and the beginning of puberty. With in depth interviews, both in person and by telephone and participant observation the study used a qualitative research methodology to attempt to understand the experiences of these mothers. The data were gathered from October 1995 to April 1996. The subjects for the research included nine mothers of mentally handicapped daughters whose ages ranged from 12 to 18 and who attended one of three special schools located in either Inchon or Seoul. The data were recorded and analyzed ; meaningful statements were grouped according to subjects raised by the mothers. Content Analysis was also applied to identify similar content and confirm common experiences, and to highlight concepts and categorized them. The results of this study are as follows. Five categories were identified ; mothers' emotional responses to their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche and menstruation were of severe despair accompanied by anxiety, guilt, fear, anguish, shame and pity because the mothers were afraid their daughters would not be able to use appropriate hygienic measures during menstruation and the mothers felt heavily burdened in having to look them. The mothers also had negative feelings about their daughters' physical development. The experience of mothers related to their daughters' possibilities for marriage and pregnancy were of powerlessness, distress, withdrawal, fear, pity and desperation and they were afraid that their daughters might be violated sexually. The mothers rejected the possibility of marriage and pregnancy for their daughters and instead planned very restricting futures for them. The mothers used various coping methods to bring meaning to their lives. Because the negative emotional responses of the mothers, nurses need to work to empower mothers to overcome these negative responses. Sex education can also play an important role especially for the daughters especially through the use of visual aids. Further, nurses should understand the learning difficulties of mentally handicapped daughters, what mothers need and also what they experience with their mentally handicapped daughters. In conclusion, nurses should understand the negative experiences of the mothers in relation to their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche help the mothers cope with the negative. emotions through real life education and counselling. In addition, there is a need for nursing interventions and an administrative system which will minimize the prejudices of society towards handicapped people.

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Peer and Parental Influences on Adolescent Smoking: Eunyoung Lee, Youngran Tak; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(4):694-700. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.4.694

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peer and parental factors and smoking behavior of adolescents in urban cities and to investigate whether there are gender differences.

Methods

A stratified and random cluster sampling design was used to obtain a cross-sectional sample of high school students in two urban cities. The sample consisted of 512 Korean adolescents (256 boys and 256 girls) aged 15 to 18 (mean age 16.7±.58). Self-reported questionnaire consisted of adolescent smoking behavior, peer smoking and alcohol use, parental smoking and alcohol use, father-mother-peer relationships and perceived social support from peers and parents. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the hypothesized model.

Results

The findings showed that peer and parental factors accounted for 30.3% of the variance in adolescent smoking and peer smoking was most strongly associated with adolescent smoking behavior (OR=10.18). In addition, peer smoking (OR=4.71), peer alcohol use (OR=4.21), and peer relationships (OR=1.03) were significantly associated with boys' smoking behavior. In girls, peer smoking (OR=26.50) and parent smoking (OR=5.48) were significantly associated with smoking behavior.

Conclusions

Consistent with previous findings, peer smoking is a significant factor on adolescent smoking. Specifically, boys would be more influenced from peers than girls. Therefore, smoking prevention programs for adolescents might be focused on the social context such as, resisting to peer pressure and enhancing the self-efficacy to control.

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Smoking of Parents and Best Friend--Independent and Combined Effects on Adolescent Smoking and Intention to Initiate and Quit Smoking
K.-K. Mak, S.-Y. Ho, J. R. Day
Nicotine & Tobacco Research.2012; 14(9): 1057. CrossRef
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Adolescents Smoking: Difference Between Korean and Korean-Chinese
SoonBok E. Park, Soon-Nyung Yoon, Yunjeong Yi, Wenying Cui, Bora Nam
Asian Nursing Research.2011; 5(3): 189. CrossRef

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The Effect of a Child Abuse Prevention Program for Parents with Disabled Children: Hye Young Ahn; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(5):663-672. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.5.663

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study describes the ecological variables effect on child abuse potential and the results from a prevention program for parents with disabled children aiming at decreasing child abuse potential.

Method

Data was collected from 30 parents with disabled preschoolers attending an early education center in a community. The program consisted of handouts, small group lectures, support group meetings on understanding the disabled child-parents relationship, communication skill improvement, non-punitive discipline techniques, and influences of child abuse. A non equivalent pre-post test design was employed.

Result

Ecological variables, and parenting self-efficacy, had a significant effect on child abuse potential in parents with a disabled child. By regression parenting self-efficacy showed(27.1%) child abuse potential. Both parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment directly related to (52.0%) child abuse potential in parents. The program was effective inbringing some positive changes on pareting self-efficacy beliefs in corporal punishment, and child abuse potential toward disabled children. However, marital discord was not significantly effected.

Conclusion

Child abuse prevention programs should decrease thechild abuse potential in parents. Thus I recommend a child abuse prevention program development; for parents with disabled adolescents, and teachers in disabled child education.

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A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent and Respond to Violence Against Persons With Disabilities
Christopher Mikton, Holly Maguire, Tom Shakespeare
Journal of Interpersonal Violence.2014; 29(17): 3207. CrossRef

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Factors Affecting Early School-Age Children's Subjective Happiness: Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model of Parental Variables: Kinoh Kang, Jungho Kim, Jungmin Kim, Hyoeun Jeong, Jeongwon Han; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(6):854-863. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.6.854

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study of cause-and-effect relationship, which used the 7^th year data of the Panel Study on Korean Children, to investigate the effects of parenting stress, depression, and family interactions of the parents of early school-age children on children's subjective happiness.

Methods

The present study included data of 1419 pairs of parents who participated in the mother and father survey of the Panel Study on Korean Children. The effects of parenting stress, depression, and parental family interactions on children's subjective happiness were analyzed as actor and partner effects using path analysis.

Results

Parenting stress had an actor effect on depression; maternal parenting stress (b=-.21, p<.001) and depression (b=-.30, p<.001) had an actor effect on maternal family interaction; and paternal parenting stress (b=-.18, p<.001) and depression (b=-.17, p<.001) had a partner effect on maternal family interaction. Paternal parenting stress was found to have an actor effect on paternal family interaction (b=-.30, p<.001), and parental depression was found to have actor effect (b=-.23, p<.001) and maternal depression had a partner effect on paternal family interactions (b=-.22, p<.001). Children's subjective happiness was found to have a statistically significant relationship with maternal family interaction (b=.40, p<.001).

Conclusion

The significance of the study is in its provision of basic data for adjusting parents’ family interactions that are closely related to the growth and development of children by confirming the effect of parents’ parenting stress, depression, and family interaction on children's subjective happiness.

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Does your child think you’re happy? Exploring the associations between children’s happiness and parenting styles
Alexandra Maftei, Andrei-Corneliu Holman, Elena-Roxana Cârlig
Children and Youth Services Review.2020; 115: 105074. CrossRef

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Effects of a Hospital Based Follow-Up Program for Mothers with Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Min Hee Kim, Eun Sun Ji; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):79-89. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.79

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This paper reports the results of a hospital centered follow-up program on parenting stress, parenting efficacy and coping for mothers with very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Methods

The follow-up program consisted of home visiting by an expert group and self-help program for 1 year. A non-equivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. Participants were 70 mothers with low birth weight infants and were assigned to one of two groups, an experimental groups (n=28), which received the family support program; and a control group (n=27), which received the usual discharge education. Data were analyzed using χ²-test, t-test, and ANCOVA with IBM SPSS statistics 20.0.

Results

Mothers' parenting stress (F=5.66, p=.004) was significantly decreased in the experimental group. There were also significant increases in parenting efficacy (F=13.05, p<.001) and coping (F=8.91, p=.002) in the experimental group.

Conclusion

The study findings suggest that a follow-up program for mothers with VLBW infants is an effective intervention to decrease mothers' parenting stress and to enhance parenting efficacy and coping.

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Eun Sun Ji, Ka Ka Shim
Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(3): 366. CrossRef
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Su Jin Lee, Eun Kyoung Choi, Jeongok Park, Hee Soon Kim
Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 377. CrossRef
Experiences of Mothers' Attachment in a Follow-Up Program Using Early Intervention for Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Jia Lee, Jinhee Choi Kang, Eun Sun Ji
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Sunmi Kim, Myoung Hee Seo, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Yoon Lee Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2019; 25(5): 404. CrossRef
Experiences of Mothers of Premature Infants Receiving Rehabilitation Therapy
Hyun-Ju Kang
Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(3): 298. CrossRef

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Development of a Measurement Instrument for Parenting Behavior of Primary Caregivers in Early Childhood: Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(5):650-660. Published online October 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.5.650

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure the parenting behavior of primary caregivers of children in early childhood.

Methods

An instrument was developed according to Devellis's instrument development process. The participants in this study who completed the main survey were 370 mothers and grandmothers. The survey was conducted from June 1 to July 30, 2014, and collected data were analyzed using item analysis, half-split reliability and Cronbach's α coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity.

Results

The factor structure of the instrument showed the cumulative variance as 55.7% in the factor analysis. As a result of a confirmatory factor analysis, a four-factor structure was found to be appropriate, and the construct validity and convergent validity of the instrument were thereby confirmed. The finalized parenting behavior instrument consisted of 26 items and four independent factors: affectionate, laissez-faire, educational and impulsive. A five-point Likert scale was employed, and a higher score in a particular factor showed that most of the behaviors belonged to the factor.

Conclusion

The instrument developed in this study was found to be reliable and valid, and can be used to develop parent-child relationship building.

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Maternal identity measurement based on the experiences of mothers with infants: a methodological study
Sun jung Park, Eun young Choi
Women's Health Nursing.2025; 31(1): 46. CrossRef
Research trends over 10 years (2010-2021) in infant and toddler rearing behavior by family caregivers in South Korea: text network and topic modeling
In-Hye Song, Kyung-Ah Kang
Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(3): 182. CrossRef
Reliability and Validity of Korean Version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory
Sona Lee, Hye Young Ahn
Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(2): 85. CrossRef
Motherhood Ideology and Parenting Stress according to Parenting Behavior Patterns of Married Immigrant Women with Young Children
So-Hyun Moon, Miok Kim, Hyeun Na
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(4): 449. CrossRef

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Adaptation in Families of Children with Down Syndrome: A Mixed-methods Design: Hyunkyung Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(4):501-512. Published online August 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.4.501

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study, which was guided by the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation, was twofold: (a) to explore family and parental adaptation and factors influencing family adaptation in Korean families of children with Down syndrome (DS) through a quantitative methodology and (b) to understand the life with a Korean child with DS through a qualitative method.

Methods

A mixed-methods design was adopted. A total of 147 parents of children with DS completed a package of questionnaires, and 19 parents participated in the in-depth interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression and content analysis respectively.

Results

According to the quantitative data, the overall family adaptation scores indicated average family functioning. Financial status was an important variable in understanding both family and parental adaptation. Family adaptation was best explained by family problem solving and coping communication, condition management ability, and family hardiness. Family strains and family hardiness were the family factors with the most influence on parental adaption. Qualitative data analysis showed that family life with a child with DS encompassed both positive and negative aspects and was expressed with 5 themes, 10 categories, and 16 sub-categories.

Conclusion

Results of this study expand our limited knowledge and understanding concerning families of children with DS in Korea and can be used to develop effective interventions to improve the adaptation of family as a unit as well as parental adaptation.

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Xiaoru Li, Yu Zhu, Hongwei Wan
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Marcia Van Riper, George J. Knafl, Kathleen A. Knafl, Maria do Céu Barbieri‐Figueiredo, Sivia Barnoy, Maria Caples, Hyunkyung Choi, Beth Cosgrove, Elysângela Dittz Duarte, Junko Honda, Elena Marta, Supapak Phetrasuwan, Sara Alfieri, Margareth Angelo, Wann
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Patricia West, Emily J. Jensen, Sarah N. Douglas, Gwen Wyatt, Lorraine Robbins, Charles Given
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Joung Woo Joung
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2022; 13(4): 298. CrossRef
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Anna Lee, Vicky J.-H. Yeh, Kathleen A. Knafl, Marcia Van Riper
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Youyoung Cho, Hyeonok Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(4): 407. CrossRef
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Kathleen A. Knafl, Janet A. Deatrick, Agatha M. Gallo, Beth Skelton
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Ji-Hee Sung, Soo Hyun Kim, Sir-yeon Hong, Chi-Son Chang, Yejin Kim, Jungeun Jeon, Hyea Park, Soo-young Oh
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Hyunkyung Choi, Marcia Van Riper
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Eun Kyoung Choi, Marcia Van Riper, Mina Jang, Sang Won Han
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Construct Validity of the Life Transition Scale for Parents of Children with Autism: Ae Ran Lee, Sun Woo Hong, Se Jin Ju; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(5):563-572. Published online October 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.563

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The study was done to identify the construct validity and reliability of the life transition scale (LTS) for parents who have children with autism.

Methods

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmative factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to identify the most adequate measurement model for structural validity. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were also conducted for structural validity. Data were collected from 208 parents through self-reported questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS/WIN 15.0 and AMOS 20.0 version.

Results

A four factor-structure was validated (χ²=541.23, p<.001, GFI=.82, RMSEA=.07, IFI=.89, CFI=.89, PNFI=.73, Q (χ²/df)=2.20) at the 3rd order of EFA and CFA, and factors were named as denying, wandering, despairing, and accepting. Both convergent and determinant validity for LTS were 100%. Cronbach's alphas for the reliability of each structure were .77-.90 and .83 for total structure.

Conclusion

The four structures, 24-item instrument showed satisfactory reliability and validity. LTS has the potential to be appropriate for assessing the transition process of life for parents who have children with autism and provides basic directions for differentiated support and care at each stage.

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An Integrated Review of The Factors Influencing Aggression in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Miran Jung, Yeong Seon Hong
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2022; 31(2): 125. CrossRef
Children with severe disabilities: adaptation, virtual education, and prospects. Experiences of three Peruvian mothers, COVID-19 context
Pilar Maria Gamarra Choque, Edith Gissela Rivera Arellano, Enaidy Reynosa Navarro, Juan Méndez Vergaray, Yolanda Josefina Huayta-Franco, Melissa Fatima Muñante Toledo
Journal of Medicine and Life.2022; 15(1): 43. CrossRef
Validity and Reliability of the Life Transition Scale in Parents of Disabled Children Across the Life Transition Process
Sun Woo Hong, JinShil Kim, Hwal Lan Bang
Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(3): 338. CrossRef
Life Transition Process Effects on Depressive Symptoms in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Sun Woo Hong, JinShil Kim, Ae Ran Lee, Jeong Sil Choi
Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(3): 337. CrossRef
Differences in Life Transition Process of Parents Caring for Children with Autism: Based on the Socio-Demographic Characteristics
Ae Ran Lee, Sun Woo Hong
Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(4): 331. CrossRef

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Factors Affecting Social Competence in School-aged Children according to Alcohol Consumption by Parents': Jin-A Lee, Young-Ran Kweon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(5):495-503. Published online October 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.495

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the social competence of school-aged children according alcohol consumption by their parents.

Methods

The participants were 558 5th grade elementary school students. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from September 17 to October 2 2013, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ²-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis with the SPSS PC+ 21.0 program.

Results

Participants were classified into three groups according to alcohol use; Non-use parent group (52.7%), social use parent group (31.0%), and problem use parent group (16.3%). Participants whose parents were problem users had significantly lower scores on emotional awareness and expression (F=14.45, p<.001), social support (F=5.82, p=.003), and social competence (F=16.33, p<.001) compared to students in the other two groups. In school-aged children with parents who were alcohol abusers, the variables that predicted social competence was friend support (66.0%).

Conclusion

These results emphasize the importance of focusing on the crucial role of peer support in the development of social competence in school-aged children of parents who abuse alcohol. Further, for these children, interventions aimed at improving social support and children's emotional awareness and expression may be most beneficial.

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A Review on the Use of Effect Size in Nursing Research
Hyuncheol Kang, Kyupil Yeon, Sang-Tae Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(5): 641. CrossRef

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Mothers' Parenting Experience of Premature Infants: Q Methodological Approach: Mi-Young Chon, Eun Sun Ji, Shin-Hwa Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(6):704-713. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.6.704

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to identify the parenting experience of mothers of premature infants in order to provide basic data for educational solutions and desirable directions.

Methods

Q-methodology was used as it provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item. The participants were 33 mothers of premature infants who sorted 34 selected Q-statements which were then classified into the shape of a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Subjectivity on parenting experience among the mothers was analyzed using the pc-QUANAL program.

Results

Four types of parenting experience were identified. Type I was named 'struggling', type II, 'self blame', type III, 'information collecting', and type IV, 'self-introspection'.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs are needed for mothers of premature infants based on the four types of parenting experience.

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Subjectivity study on health conservation of elderly hemodialysis patients
Eunji Yim, Mijin Yun, Sohyune Sok
BMC Geriatrics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Experiences of Mothers of Premature Infants Receiving Rehabilitation Therapy
Hyun-Ju Kang
Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(3): 298. CrossRef
Predictors of Quality of Life in Mothers of Premature Infant
Hyosin Choi, Yeonghee Shin
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2017; 23(3): 191. CrossRef
Experience of Becoming a Father of a High Risk Premature Infant
Jeong Eon Park, Byoung Sook Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(2): 277. CrossRef
Effects of a Hospital Based Follow-Up Program for Mothers with Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Min Hee Kim, Eun Sun Ji
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(1): 79. CrossRef
Maternal Role Development in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduate Mothers of Premature Infant
Ah Rim Kim, Young Ran Tak
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(4): 308. CrossRef

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Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach: Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(4):486-496. Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.486

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the awareness of child rearing among parents of children in early childhood and to provide fundamental data for parent education programs according to child rearing type.

Methods

Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Forty Q items which were derived from a literature review and interviews with nurturing mothers were classified into a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed using the QUANAL PC Program.

Results

Four types of parents' child rearing were identified. Type I was named 'affection-respect type', type II, 'concern-rule compliant type', type III, 'solicitude-model type', and type IV, 'geniality-encouragement type'.

Conclusion

For proper growth and development during early childhood, parents should have rational information and awareness of their child rearing type. Results of this study can be used as essential data to develop child rearing education programs according to parents' child rearing attitude.

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So-Hyun Moon, Miok Kim, Hyeun Na
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Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(5): 650. CrossRef
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Sung-Hee Ko, Myung-Ae Kim, Euna Park
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(7): 4361. CrossRef

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Development and Testing of a Pediatric Nurse Parent Partnership Scale: Mi Young Choi, Kyung-Sook Bang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(2):194-202. Published online April 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.2.194

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to develop and test a scale to measure the partnership between pediatric nurses and hospitalized children's parents.

Methods

Instrument development process included construct identification based on concept analysis using the hybrid model of Shuwartz-Barcott and Kim (2000), a process which generated 42 initial items. This number was reduced to 35 items through content validity tests by 5 experts and face validity tests by 5 pediatric nurses and 5 parents of hospitalized children. The preliminary Pediatric Nurse Parent Partnership Scale (PNPPS) was administered to 186 pediatric nurses and 163 parents at eleven children's wards in four hospitals. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha.

Results

Thirty-four items were selected for the final scale. Seven factors evolved from the factor analysis, which explained 68.4% of the total variance. The internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was .96 and reliability of the subscales ranged from .66 to .93.

Conclusion

The PNPPS demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. It can be used to assess the partnership of pediatric nurses and parents in practice and research.

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Effects of Korean Proficiency and Parent-child Cohesion on Self-esteem and Acculturation among Children from Multicultural Families: Mi Ye Kim, Ji Young Lim, Grace H. Chung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):879-888. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.879

Abstract PDF

Purpose

There is evidence that parent-child cohesion is a potentially influential factor in children's self-esteem and acculturation. However, no research to date has examined cohesion with parents as a potential pathway between Korean proficiency and self-esteem or acculturation among children from multicultural families. This study was done to address these limitations by examining whether and to what extent cohesion with parents mediated the effect of Korean proficiency on self-esteem and acculturation among children from multicultural families.

Methods

Data were collected from a sample of 138 mothers and their children living in Seoul, Daegu, Kyungi province, and Kyungpook province. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between the variables of interest. Mediation effects of cohesion with parents were tested by following the procedure recommended by Baron and Kenny (1986).

Results

Cohesion with parents partially mediated the relationship between Korean proficiency and self-esteem. For children's acculturation, the effect of Korean proficiency was partially mediated through father-child cohesion. Mother-child cohesion completely mediated the relationship between Korean proficiency and acculturation.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that to help children from multicultural families experiencing difficulties with self-esteem or acculturation, it might be useful to develop programs that are aimed at strengthen cohesion with parents.

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Developmental trajectories of Korean and heritage language proficiencies and their association with maladjustment among Korean multicultural adolescents
Jisu Park, Yoonsun Han
Child Development.2023; 94(3): 617. CrossRef
Mother-Child Social Cognition Among Multicultural Families in South Korea
Joohee Lee, Kee-Hong Choi
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Mental Health of Ethnic Minority Youths in South Korea and Its Related Environmental Factors: A Literature Review
Yeeun Lee, Minji Lee, Subin Park
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2019; 30(3): 88. CrossRef
Factors Affecting the Internet Game Addiction Risk of Elementary School Students in Multicultural Families
On Choi, Keum Seong Jang, Nam Young Kim
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(1): 64. CrossRef
Taekwondo Training Improves Mood and Sociability in Children from Multicultural Families in South Korea: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Hee-Tae Roh, Su-Youn Cho, Wi-Young So
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(4): 757. CrossRef
Effects of regular Taekwondo exercise on mood changes in children from multicultural families in South Korea: a pilot study
Jung Su Yang, Jae Myun Ko, Hee Tae Roh
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2018; 30(4): 496. CrossRef
Understanding the perspectives on forests among migrants in Korea: Immigrants from China, Vietnam, and Mongolia
Ju-Hyoung Lee, Bum Soo Kim
Forest Science and Technology.2014; 10(1): 9. CrossRef
Physical Changes in and Coping with Marriage by Immigrant Women at an Early Stage of Immigration
Hee-Ja Kim, Hyun-Sook Kim, Mi-Yang Jeon, Hyo-Jeong Lee, Eun Young Park
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2014; 16(3): 201. CrossRef

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Development of a Scale to Measure Life Transition Process in Parents of Children with Autism: Ae Ran Lee, Sun Woo Hong, Se Jin Ju; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):861-869. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.861

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this research was to develop a scale to measure the life transition process of parents of children with autism, against the backdrop of a lack of research on this topic.

Methods

Seventy preliminary items were drawn from previous qualitative research, and content validity was tested by three professors as well as three parents of children with autism. A questionnaire survey was also done between August 2011 and February 2012. Data were collected from 207 parents of children with autism and analyzed using descriptive statistics, item analysis, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation coefficients, and factor analysis with the SPSS Win 15.0 program.

Results

Twenty-nine items were selected to constitute the appropriate measuring scale and categorized into 5 factors explaining 63.2% of the total variance. The 5 factors were named; stages of denial (5 items), wandering (6 items), devotion (7 items), frustration (3 items), and finally acceptance (8 items). Cronbach's alpha for the 29 items was .80.

Conclusion

The results of this study not only suggest assessment criteria for the life transition process of parents who have children with autism but also provide basic directions for program development to provide differentiated support and care at each stage.

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Life Transition Process Effects on Depressive Symptoms in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Sun Woo Hong, JinShil Kim, Ae Ran Lee, Jeong Sil Choi
Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(3): 337. CrossRef
Differences in Life Transition Process of Parents Caring for Children with Autism: Based on the Socio-Demographic Characteristics
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Construct Validity of the Life Transition Scale for Parents of Children with Autism
Ae Ran Lee, Sun Woo Hong, Se Jin Ju
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(5): 563. CrossRef

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Effects of an Infant/Toddler Health Program on Parenting Knowledge, Behavior, Confidence, and Home Environment in Low-income Mothers: Gyungjoo Lee, Soo Yang, Mi Heui Jang, Mijung Yeom; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(5):671-679. Published online October 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.5.671

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a mother/infant-toddler health program developed to enhance parenting knowledge, behavior and confidence in low income mothers and home environment.
Methods
A one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used. Sixty-nine dyads of mothers and infant-toddlers (aged 0-36 months) were provided with weekly intervention for seven session. Each session consisted of three parts; first, educating to increase integrated knowledge related to the development of the infant/toddler including nutrition, first aid and home environment; second, counseling to share parenting experience among the mothers and to increase their nurturing confidence; third, playing with the infant/toddler to facilitate attachment-based parenting behavior for the mothers.
Results
Following the programs, there were significant increases in parenting knowledge on nutrition and first aid. A significant improvement was found in attachment-based parenting behavior, but not in home safety practice. Nurturing confidence was not significantly increased. The program led to more positive home environment for infant/toddler's health and development.
Conclusion
The findings provide evidence for mother-infant/toddler health program to improve parenting knowledge, attachment-based parenting behavior and better home environment in low income mothers. Study of the long term effectiveness of this program is recommended for future research.

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Effects of Active Parenting Today based on Goal Attainment Theory on Parenting Stress, Parenting Behavior, and Parenting Satisfaction in Mothers of School-Age Children: Kyung Im Park, Sangeun Oh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(5):659-670. Published online October 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.5.659

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to verify effects of the Active Parenting Today (APT) program based on King's Goal Attainment Theory on parenting stress, parenting behavior, and parenting satisfaction in mothers of school-age children.

Methods

This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants were 39 mothers of school-age children (19 in the experiment group and 20 in the control group) who were registered at two community children centers in G city. The experimental group received the APT program (2 hours/session/week) and telephone counseling (2 times/week) for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using χ²-test, t-test, Fisher exact probability test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/Win15.0 program.

Results

Parenting stress was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Positive parenting behavior and parenting satisfaction were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. However, negative parenting behavior was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that the APT program based on King's Goal Attainment Theory is useful in reducing parenting stress, creating positive parenting behavior change, and promoting parenting satisfaction in mothers of school-age children.

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Dan Wang, Chenxi Liu, Chaojie Liu, Xuemei Wang, Xinping Zhang
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Korean Journal of Child Studies.2015; 36(3): 35. CrossRef
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Life Experiences of Mothers in Parenting Children with Hunter's Syndrome: Sung Ye Kang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(5):609-621. Published online October 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.5.609

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of Korean mothers in parenting children with Hunter's syndrome, an X linked recessive genetically inherited disease usually affecting boys.

Methods

Data were collected from 14 mothers having children with Hunter's syndrome, through two focus group interviews and individual in-depth interviews. Qualitative data from the field notes and transcribed notes were analyzed using the grounded theory methodology developed by Strauss & Corbin (1998).

Results

The core category about the process of rearing children with Hunter's syndrome was identified as "navigating in the maze". The process of rearing children with Hunter's syndrome passed through three phases; 'entering an unknown region', 'struggling to escape from the unknown region', 'settling down in the unknown region'.

Conclusion

In this study "navigating in the maze", as the core category deeply showed joys and sorrows of mothers in the process of rearing their children with Hunter's syndrome. In this rearing process they gradually adjusted themselves to their given condition. Also they gained initiatively coping strategies to care for, and protect their children. Therefore health care providers can establish supportive programs in the clinical field to empower these mothers by reflecting their proactive coping strategies.

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