Sun-Jung Park; Kyung-Ah Kang; Shin-Jeong Kim

doi:10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.486

Articles

Page Path: HOME > J Korean Acad Nurs > Volume 43(4); 2013 > Article

Original Article
Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach: Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2013;43(4):486-496.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.486
Published online: August 30, 2013

¹Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.

³Department of Nursing, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Shin-Jeong. Department of Nursing, Hallym University, 1 Okchun-dong, Chunchon 200-702, Korea. Tel: +82-33-248-2721, Fax: +82-33-248-2734, ksj@hallym.ac.kr

• Received: February 26, 2013 • Accepted: June 13, 2013

18 Views
0 Download
5 Scopus

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the awareness of child rearing among parents of children in early childhood and to provide fundamental data for parent education programs according to child rearing type.
Methods
Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Forty Q items which were derived from a literature review and interviews with nurturing mothers were classified into a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed using the QUANAL PC Program.
Results
Four types of parents' child rearing were identified. Type I was named 'affection-respect type', type II, 'concern-rule compliant type', type III, 'solicitude-model type', and type IV, 'geniality-encouragement type'.
Conclusion
For proper growth and development during early childhood, parents should have rational information and awareness of their child rearing type. Results of this study can be used as essential data to develop child rearing education programs according to parents' child rearing attitude.
Keywords: Early childhood; Parents; Child rearing

REFERENCES

1. Arredondo EM, Elder JP, Ayala GX, Campbell N, Baquero B, Duerksen S. Is parenting style related to children's healthy eating and physical activity in Latino families? Health Educ Res. 2006;21(6):862–871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyl110Article PubMed
2. Bang KS, Kwon MK, Choi MY, Huh BY, Chung SJ. Perception of the importance of health promotion behavior for infants and toddlers according to mothers of children in this age group and graduate students in nursing. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs. 2012;18(2):60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2012.18.2.60Article
3. Clark KE, Ladd GW. Connectedness and autonomy support in parent-child relationships: Links to children's socioemotional orientation and peer relationships. Dev Psychol. 2000;36(4):485–498.Article PubMed
4. Dennis KE. Q methodology: Relevance and application to nursing research. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 1986;8(3):6–17.PubMed
5. Duffy ME. Primary prevention behaviors: The female-headed, one-parent family. Res Nurs Health. 1986;9(2):115–122.PubMed
6. Gross D, Conrad B, Fogg L, Wothke W. A longitudinal model of maternal self-efficacy, depression, and difficult temperament during toddlerhood. Res Nurs Health. 1994;17(3):207–215.Article PubMed
7. Han JA. Children's self-perceived competencea and mothers' children's self-perceived competencea and mothers' low income intact and divorced families. J Korean Counc Child Rights. 2010;14(3):355–384.
8. Han KJ, Yi YH, Sim IO, Choi YJ. Dimensions and attributes of quality of life in Korean school-age children. Korean J Child Health Nurs. 2005;11(2):167–178.
9. Hwang YS. A study of factors influencing suicidal ideation among adolescents: Focusing on the home & school environment. Jinju, Gyeongsang National University. 2003;Unpublished master's thesis.
10. Hyun JH. A review on the recent trends in the parent-child relations in Korea. Korean J Child Educ Care. 2007;7(1):95–110.
11. Igoe JB, Giordano BP. Health promotion and disease prevention: Secrets of success. Pediatr Nurs. 1992;18(1):61–62. 66. PubMed
12. Kim HK. Understanding & application of Q methodology. Seoul: Mass Communication, Sogang University; 1990.
13. Kim HK. Q methodology: Philosophy, theories, analysis, and application. Seoul: Communicationbooks; 2008.
14. Kim HM, Doh HS. Maternal parenting stress, efficacy, and behavior: Relations to children's social competence. Korean J Child Stud. 2004;25(6):279–298.
15. Kim SJ, Kang KA, Yun J, Kwon OJ. Development of a tool to measure health promotion behavior for infants & toddlers. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs. 2007;13(1):21–32.
16. Kim YE, Cho BH, Jung MJ. Prevalence study of mothers' perception on pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare: Comparison between years 2002 and 2007. J Korean Child Care Educ. 2007;3(2):68–85.
17. Koh MS. Influence of parents' child rearing attitudes on family cohesion and self-esteem in adolescents. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs. 2010;16(3):195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2010.16.3.195
18. Kwon M, Bang K, Kim N, Ahn H. Perception on the importance of parental role by mothers with infants. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs. 2006;12(2):170–179.
19. Laible DJ. Parent-child conflict in the toddler years: Lessons in emotion, morality, and relationships. Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 2000;Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
20. Minjung Publishing Co. Minjung's essence Korean-English dictionary. 4th ed. Seoul: Minjung Publishing Co; 2000.
21. Moon YS, Han JS. The relationships between mother's child caring behavior and child behavioral problems. Korean Parent Child Health J. 2002;5(2):161–176.
22. Oh JA. Concept analysis of the childcare. Nurs Sci. 2000;12(2):26–36.
23. Oh J. Care stress and quality of life of grandmothers caring for their grandchildren in employment mother's home. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs. 2006;12(3):368–376.
24. Park JH, Rhee UH. Children's peer competence: Relationships to maternal parenting goals, parenting behaviors, and management strategies. Korean J Child Stud. 2001;22(4):1–15.
25. Park KJ. Q-sort description on maternal behaviors of one-year-old infants. J Korean Home Econ Assoc. 2001;39(1):137–149.
26. Wake M, Nicholson JM, Hardy P, Smith K. Preschooler obesity and parenting styles of mothers and fathers: Australian national population study. Pediatrics. 2007;120(6):e1520–e1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3707Article PubMed PDF
27. Yang MS, Kim YE. A study on the level of mother's parenting stress. J Korean Child Care Educ. 2012;8(3):229–247.
28. Yune HS, Oh KJ. The effect of social support on parenting stress among families in poverty: Focused on children's age and environmental risk factors. Korean J Woman Psychol. 2010;15(4):673–689.Article

Table 1

Eigen Value, Variance, and Cumulative Percentage (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 2

Correlation Matrix between Types (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 3

Demographic Characteristics and Factor Weight for P-sample (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 4

Q-Statements on Z-Scores according to Types (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 5

Consensus Items and Average Z-scores (N=40)

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013;43(4):486-496. Published online August 30, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.486

XML Download

We recommend

Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach

Table 1

Eigen Value, Variance, and Cumulative Percentage (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 2

Correlation Matrix between Types (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 3

Demographic Characteristics and Factor Weight for P-sample (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 4

Q-Statements on Z-Scores according to Types (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 5

Consensus Items and Average Z-scores (N=40)

Table 1 Eigen Value, Variance, and Cumulative Percentage (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 2 Correlation Matrix between Types (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 3 Demographic Characteristics and Factor Weight for P-sample (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 4 Q-Statements on Z-Scores according to Types (N=40)

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.