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Research Papers
Triglyceride-glucose parameters as predictors of diabetes mellitus incidence in Korean adults: a secondary analysis of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Yu Jin Park, Miseon Shin, Hyun Seon Jeon, Eun Hee Yang
Received September 5, 2024  Accepted February 6, 2025  Published online April 1, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24108    [Epub ahead of print]
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG)–related parameters and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Korean adults. Data were obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).
Methods
This secondary analysis examined data from 6,816 adults aged 40–69 years who participated in the KoGES from 2001 to 2020. TyG–related parameters, including the TyG index, TyG–body mass index (TyG–BMI), TyG–waist circumference (TyG–WC), and TyG–waist-to-height ratio (TyG–WHtR), were assessed. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to determine the association between these parameters and the incidence of diabetes mellitus, with adjustments made for demographic, lifestyle, and health-related characteristics.
Results
Higher levels of all TyG–related parameters were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus. Specifically, participants in the highest quartile of the TyG index, TyG–BMI, TyG–WC, and TyG–WHtR exhibited significantly higher hazard ratios for diabetes mellitus incidence compared with those in the lowest quartile (p<.001 for all). Notably, the TyG index demonstrated a stronger predictive value for diabetes mellitus than traditional measures such as the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
Conclusion
TyG–related parameters are robust predictors of diabetes mellitus incidence in Korean adults. These findings support the incorporation of TyG–related measures into clinical settings for the early identification and intervention of high-risk populations. Utilizing these parameters for early diagnosis and preventive strategies may significantly enhance diabetes mellitus management.
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Development and Effectiveness Evaluation of Comprehensive Mobile-Based, Breastfeeding Promotion Program for Mothers with Gestational Diabetes
Kwak, Eunju , Park, Seungmi
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):224-236.   Published online May 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23098
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mobile-based breastfeeding promotion program (M-BFGDM) that helps mothers with gestational diabetes.
Methods
Forty-seven mothers participated in the study, of whom 22 were in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. To verify the effects, a lag design before and after the non-equivalence control group was used. The data collection for the experimental group was done before and after the intervention.
Results
In the results, breastfeeding knowledge showed a significant difference in the interaction between measurement period and group (χ2 = 8.14, p = .017), whereas breastfeeding intention did not show a significant difference in the interaction (χ2 = 4.73, p = .094). There was no difference in self-efficacy interaction (F = 0.13, p = .856). The breastfeeding method showed no difference in interaction (F = 0.04, p = .952), whereas cross-analysis showed a significant difference in breastfeeding practice rate between the experimental group and the control group at 1 month postpartum (χ2 = 7.59, p = .006).
Conclusion
A mobile-based breastfeeding promotion program was developed and applied for gestational diabetic mothers, resulting in an increase in breastfeeding knowledge and an improvement in breastfeeding practice rate one month after childbirth. In addition, M-BFGDM managed to create a breastfeeding practice environment with fewer time and place restrictions. A program study that complements motivation is needed to improve breastfeeding in pregnant diabetic mothers in the future.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Breastfeeding and education in the puerperium
    Elena Alfonso
    Community and Interculturality in Dialogue.2025; 5: 129.     CrossRef
  • 597 View
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Association between Visual Impairment and Nutritional Risk among Older Adults with Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Yang, Eunjin , Lee, Kyung Hee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(2):167-176.   Published online April 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22141
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Despite the high prevalence of visual impairment caused by diabetic retinopathy and nutritional problems among older adults with diabetes, evidence regarding factors related to nutritional risk in this population is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the correlates of nutritional risk among older adults with diabetes, focusing on visual impairment.
Methods
This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans aged 65 years and above. The sample comprised 2,376 older adults with diabetes, and complex sample ANOVA and Rao–Scott chi-square tests were used to compare the groups according to visual impairment. Complex-sample logistic regression analyses were conducted to verify the association between visual impairment and nutritional risk.
Results
Older adults with diabetes, who also have severe visual impairment, are more likely to have nutritional risk status than those without impairment after controlling for covariates (odds ratio [OR] = 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16~5.13). Among the covariates, depression (OR = 3.58, 95% CI 2.60~4.94), dependent activities of daily living status (OR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.60~4.86), and experience of hospitalization during the past year (OR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.57~4.03) were strongly associated with nutritional risk.
Conclusion
Severe visual impairment increases the nutritional risk among older adults with diabetes. Therefore, it is essential to prevent visual impairment due to exacerbation of diabetes through appropriate management. Additionally, tailored nutritional interventions for visually impaired older adults with diabetes that consider visual characteristics are required.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Insights into the associated risk factors of malnutrition among nursing home residents: A longitudinal study
    Johanna de Almeida Mello, Emilie Schoebrechts, Patricia Ann Ivonne Vandenbulcke, Anja Declercq, Jan De Lepeleire, Christophe Matthys, Dominique Declerck, Joke Duyck
    Clinical Nutrition.2024; 43(11): 166.     CrossRef
  • Frailty and Visual Impairment in Elderly Individuals: Improving Outcomes and Modulating Cognitive Decline Through Collaborative Care Between Geriatricians and Ophthalmologists
    Daniel Dinarvand, Johann Panthakey, Ahmed Hassan, Mohamed H. Ahmed
    Diseases.2024; 12(11): 273.     CrossRef
  • Malnutrition Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Dual Sensory Declines: Focusing on Social Determinants of Health
    Ha Na Jeong
    Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2024; 35: 325.     CrossRef
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The Development of Automated Personalized Self-Care (APSC) Program for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Park, Gaeun , Lee, Haejung , Khang, Ah Reum
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(5):535-549.   Published online October 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22046
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The study aimed to design and develop an automated personalized self-care (APSC) program for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The secondary aim was to present a clinical protocol as a mixed-method research to test the program effects.
Methods
The APSC program was developed in the order of analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation according to the software development life cycle, and was guided by the self-regulatory theory. The content validity, heuristics, and usability of the program were verified by experts and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Results
The APSC program was developed based on goal setting, education, monitoring, and feedback components corresponding to the phases of forethought, performance/volitional control, and self-reflection of self-regulatory theory. Using the mobile application, the participants are able to learn from educational materials, monitor their health behaviors, receive weekly-automated personalized goals and feedback messages, and use an automated conversation system to solve the problems related to self-care. The ongoing two-year study utilizes a mixed method design, with 180 patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus randomized to receive either the intervention or usual care. The participants will be reviewed for self-care self-efficacy, health behaviors, and health outcomes at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Participants in the intervention group will be interviewed about their experiences.
Conclusion
The APSC program can serve as an effective tool for facilitating diabetes health behaviors by improving patients’ self-care self-efficacy and self-regulation for self-care. However, the clinical effectiveness of this program requires further investigation.

Citations

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  • Participation experience in self-care program for type 2 diabetes: A mixed-methods study
    Mihwan Kim, Haejung Lee, Gaeun Park, Ah Reum Khang
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(1): 31.     CrossRef
  • Long‐Term Effects of an Automated Personalized Self‐Care Program for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
    Haejung Lee, Gaeun Park, DaeEun Lee, Ah Reum Khang, Min Jin Lee
    Nursing & Health Sciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Automated Personalized Self-care Program for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Trial
    Gaeun Park, Haejung Lee, Yoonju Lee, Myoung Soo Kim, Sunyoung Jung, Ah Reum Khang, Dongwon Yi
    Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(2): 114.     CrossRef
  • Healthcare coaching program for youth with type 1 diabetes in South Korea: a pilot study
    Dae Eun Lee, Haejung Lee, Chong Kun Cheon, Ju Young Yoon
    Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(1): 17.     CrossRef
  • The Association between the Low-density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol to High-density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Adults: A Secondary Data Analysis Using a Community-based Cohort Study in Korea
    Bo-Kyoung Cha
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(1): 66.     CrossRef
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Incidence and Predictors of Cataract among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Using Secondary Data Analysis from the Ansan Cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Jeong, Ihn Sook , Lee, Eun Joo , Kim, Myo Sung , Yu, Jung Ok , Yun, Hae Sun , Jeong, Jeong Hee , Hwang, Youn Sun 6
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(1):24-35.   Published online February 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21081
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of cataract in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) using data from Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).
Methods
Data from a total of 329 patients with type 2 DM without cataract who participated in Ansan cohort of the KoGES from baseline survey (2001–2002) to fifth follow-up visit (2011–2012) were examined. The characteristics of the subjects were analyzed with frequency and percentage, and mean and standard deviation. Cataract incidence was measured as incidence proportion (%). For risk factors of cataract, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using the Cox proportional hazard model.
Results
The cataract incidence over a 10-year follow-up period was 19.1% (15.1 in males and 25.8 in females), and mean age at the incidence of cataract was 63.48 years (61.58 years in males and 65.31 years in females). Age (HR=1.09, 95% CI=1.05–1.13) and HbA1c (HR=1.21, 95% CI=1.07–1.37) or the duration of DM (HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.00–1.09) were found to be independently associated with cataract development.
Conclusion
Cataract development in people with DM is common, and its likelihood increases with age, HbA1c, and the duration of DM. Considering negative effect of cataract on their quality of life and economic burden, nurses should identify people with DM at a higher risk of cataract development, and plan individual eye examination programs to detect cataract development as early as possible.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Prevalence and factors associated with visual impairment in middle-aged and older Chinese population
    Hanyuan Ye, Yun Zeng, Hongxia Xiao, Jing Yu, Yun Liu, Shuang Zhang, Bingjie Zhang
    Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 305 View
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Diabetes Self-Management Experience of Patients with Diabetes: Focused on the Visually Impaired
Chang, Sun Ju , Lee, Kyoung-eun , Yang, Eunjin , Kim, Hee Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):92-104.   Published online February 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20231
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to understand and describe the diabetes self-management experience of visually impaired people with diabetes.
Methods
Ten participants were recruited through a website used by the visually impaired from February to March 2020. Data were collected through two focus group interviews conducted in June 2020; each group consisted of five participants. All interviews were recorded with the consent of the participants and transcribed verbatim. The transcribed data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
Seven categories were as follows; a two-faced, lifelong companion, an unprepared encounter, struggle to live, love-hate relationship with family, strategies to adapt, lessening attention to self-management, the desire to learn properly.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that the visually impaired have fewer opportunities for receiving diabetes self-management education than general diabetic patients. Consequently, plans to improve the education available to such patients are required. Additionally, psychological counseling and diabetes education for patients’ families are necessary, and improving the perception of medical workers regarding the visually impaired will be prove useful.

Citations

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  • Widening disparities in the national prevalence of diabetes mellitus for people with disabilities in South Korea
    I. Hwang, S.Y. Kim, Y.Y. Kim, J.H. Park
    Public Health.2024; 226: 173.     CrossRef
  • A Tailored Intervention for Improving Diabetes Self-care Among Adults With Visual Impairment: A Pilot Study
    Hee Jung Kim, Kyoung-eun Lee, Eunjin Yang, Sun Ju Chang
    Canadian Journal of Diabetes.2024; 48(6): 394.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Visual Impairment on Healthcare Use among Four Medical Institution Types: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea
    Boyoung Jeon, Heejo Koo, Hee Kyoung Choi, Euna Han
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2023; 64(7): 455.     CrossRef
  • Association between Visual Impairment and Nutritional Risk among Older Adults with Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
    Eunjin Yang, Kyung Hee Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(2): 167.     CrossRef
  • Who are the most vulnerable populations for primary care? Avoidable hospitalizations across individuals with different types of disabilities in South Korea
    S. Kim, B. Jeon
    Public Health.2023; 217: 138.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated With Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors of People With Visual Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Sun Ju Chang, Hee Jung Kim, Kyoung-eun Lee, Eunjin Yang
    The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care.2022; 48(5): 324.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Scale Development and Model Validation for the Process of Exercise Engagement for People with Prediabetes
Chang, Shu-Chuan , Yeh, Hsiu-Chen , Kuo, Yu-Lun
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):298-312.   Published online April 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.298
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study had two objectives: 1) to develop a scale for the process of exercise engagement (SPEE) for prediabetic individuals (PDIs); 2) to validate a structural model for the process of exercise engagement for PDIs.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey with simple random sampling was conducted from September 2013 to December 2015 (in Taiwan). A total of 310 PDIs were enrolled for scale development and model validation via item analysis, factor analyses, and structural equation modeling. The Kuo model was used as the basis for developing the Chinese version of the SPEE for PDIs.
Results
The SPEE contains five subscales with a total of twenty-one items that account for 54.9% to 65.9% of the total variance explained for assessing participants’ process of engagement during exercise. For Kuo model validation, the model measures indicated goodness of fit between the Kuo model and sample data. Analysis further revealed a direct effect between the creating health blueprints (CHB) stage and the spontaneous regular exercise (SRE) stage (b=.60).
Conclusion
The SPEE includes five subscales for assessing the psychological transition and behavioral expression at each stage of the process of exercise engagement for PDIs. The SPEE for people with prediabetes provides deeper insights into the factors of behavioral change stages that are required to initiate long-term health care outcomes and avoid developing diabetes. These insights are significant as they allow for patient- specific mapping and behavior modification to effect exercise.

Citations

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  • Prediyabet hastalarında egzersiz katılım süreci ölçeği geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışması
    Melek Öztürk, Tülay Ortabağ
    Health Care Academician Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prediyabetli hastalarda Egzersiz Yarar/Engel Ölçeği Türkçe versiyonunun güvenirliği ve geçerliliği
    Tülay ORTABAĞ, Melek ÖZTÜRK
    Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation.2023; 10(2): 147.     CrossRef
  • The COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge and Attitude Scale: A Methodological Study
    Kemal Elyeli, Hatice Bebiş
    Cyprus Journal of Medical Sciences.2022; 7(3): 312.     CrossRef
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The Effects of a Health Mentoring Program in Community-dwelling Vulnerable Elderly Individuals with Diabetes
Ki wol Sung, Hye Seung Kang, Ji Ran Nam, Mi Kyung Park, Ji Hyeon Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(2):182-194.   Published online January 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.2.182
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to estimate the effects of a health mentoring program on fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, physical activity, self care behavior and social support changes among community-dwelling vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes.

 Methods

A non-equivalent control group pre-post-test design was used. Participants were 70 community-dwelling vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes. They were assigned to the experimental (n=30) or comparative (n=30) or control group (n=28). The experimental group participated in the health mentoring program, while the comparative group participated in health education program, the control group did not participate in any program. Data analyses involved a chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, a generalized linear model, and the Bonferroni correction, using SPSS 23.0.

 Results

Compared to the control group, the experimental and comparative groups showed a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. Compared to the comparative and control groups, the experimental group showed significant improvement in self care behavior. However, there were no statistical differences in physical activity or social support among the three groups.

 Conclusion

These findings indicate that the health mentoring program is an effective intervention for community-dwelling vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes. This program can be used as an efficient strategy for diabetes self-management within this population.

Citations

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  • The Moderating Effect of Social Networks on Health-Promoting Behaviors Among Korean Older Adults
    Hyewon Shin, William N. Dudley, Minjoo Hong, Jennie C. De Gagne
    Sage Open.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Association between the Low-density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol to High-density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Adults: A Secondary Data Analysis Using a Community-based Cohort Study in Korea
    Bo-Kyoung Cha
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(1): 66.     CrossRef
  • Story Telling Problem Based Learning (ST-PBL): A Program for Rural Elderly with Chronic Diseases
    Jeong-Hyeon Kong, Eun-Young Jung, Ji-Hye Seo, Jeong-Ja Im
    Journal of Problem-Based Learning.2022; 9(1): 37.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Physical Exercise Program on Physiological, Psychological, and Physical Function of Older Adults in Rural Areas
    Sunmi Kim, Eun-Jee Lee, Hyeon-Ok Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(16): 8487.     CrossRef
  • 384 View
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The Effect of a Self Regulation Education Program for the Promotion and Maintenance of Self Care Behavior in the Chronically ill patients: For Diabetic Patients
Mee Ock Gu
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(2):413-427.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.2.413
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was conducted to test the effect of a self regulation education program as a nursing intervention with chronically ill patients. A quasi experimental research (non equivalent control group pretest-posttest design) was used in this study. The subjects were 30 non insulin dependent diabetic patients (experimental group: 14 patients, control group: 16 patients). The study was carried out from May, 1995 to February, 1996. Data were collected before the education program, immediately after and 2 months later and were analyzed with repeated measure ANCOVA, paired t-test and t-test. The results are as follows: 1. There was a significant difference in self efficacy between the two groups(F=27.61, P=0.000). There was a significant difference according to experimental stages(F=33.09, P=0.000) and interaction between education and experimental stages(F=30.21, P=0.000), 2. There was a significant difference in self care behavior between the two groups (F=27.05, P=0. 000). There was a significant difference according to experimental stages(F=31.14, P=0.000) and interaction between education and experimental stages(F=28.88, P=0.000), 3. There was a significant difference in glycemic control between before the education program and 2 months later in the experimental group (t=2.88, P=0.013). But there was no significant difference between before the education program and 2 months later in the control group. These results suggest that a self regulation education program is effective in promoting and maintaining self care behavior and in improving glycemic control. Thus this program can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention for chronically ill patients including diabetic patients.

Citations

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  • Pathways linking health literacy to self-care in diabetic patients with physical disabilities: A moderated mediation model
    Hye Jin Nam, Ju Young Yoon, Wen-Jun Tu
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(3): e0299971.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Web-Based Self-Management Program on the Behavior and Blood Glucose Levels of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
    Yun-Su Kim, Hee-Seung Kim, Yoo-Lee Kim
    Telemedicine and e-Health.2019; 25(5): 407.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Coaching Program on Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
    Jung Mi Ko, Jong Kyung Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(6): 672.     CrossRef
  • Understanding on Chemotherapy and Self-Care in Cancer Patients after an Individual Education
    Eun Mi Kim, Hee Jin Kim, Soo Jin Kim, Bo Kyung Kim
    Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2010; 10(2): 163.     CrossRef
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A Survey of Utilization of Complementary Alternative Medicine in Diabetes Mellitus
Myung Suk Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(1):7-19.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.1.7
AbstractAbstract PDF

In our country, patients with diabetes mellitus are searching for complementary treatments to recover from illness, while they received treatments from the doctor. However, have been evaluated or investigated systematically. This study was carried out to explore application of complementary treatments for patients with DM. For this survey, questionnaires were developed by researchers and the data was collected from July to October of 1999. Among the 223 subjects, there is one general hospital, one oriental hospital, 15 area C.H.P, ahd 2 area health centers. The results were as follows: 1. The total number of cases was 223 and the average age was 62.85 years old and average duration of DM was 8.1 years. The number of patients who had experience with alternative therapies was 145 (65%). The number of those who have not undergone treatments was 78 (35%). 2. The 43.5% of experienced CAM were advised family and relatives. Only 30.3% approved the effect of CAM and 52.5% said that If another a new CAM is introduced, they will try it. 4. Ninety three kinds of complementary treatments were used. Among the used items, 63.7% was various types of plants, 21.6% was animal material and 14.7% was the mixed group. As a single item, Bombyx Mori (Silkworm) was the most frequently used (10.5%) followed by the bean, mushroom, Morus bombycis (mulberry), Ginseng, Commelina Communis (Dalgaebi), Chinese medicine, root of Rosa rugosa (Haedangwha). 5. Among the used items, Trichosanthes kirilowii Max. Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, Commelina Communis, Aralia elata, pine needle, mulberry fruit, root of Rosa rugosa. Ginseng, Lycii Fructus, Dioscorea radix, Polygonatum odoratum, Cassia tora L, Bombyx Mori, loach, Crucian carp were based upon the pharmacological function of effect for control of diabetes mellitus symptom. 6. In the analysis of the relationships between the general characters of the patients with new complementary alternative medicine try and hospital treatment; 1) The shorter group suffered from DM (p=.038), poor Self-MBG (p=.037) and wanted to try new complementary alternative medicine. 2) The group of DM education experience were carried out hospital treatment well (p=.045). In conclusion, further study will be required for the patients experience using alternative therapies as the D-M in terms of holistic view of patients.

Citations

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  • Utilization and Awareness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Rural Hypertension or Diabetes Patients
    Myung In Lee, Yoon Lee Kim, Young Mi Seo, Myung Ha Lee, Seok Hee Jeong
    The Journal of Digital Policy and Management.2014; 12(1): 457.     CrossRef
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    Young-Ho Kim, Pom-Ho Kim
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(3): 1350.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Yoga-focused Prenatal Program on Stress, Anxiety, Self Confidence and Labor Pain in Pregnant Women with In Vitro Fertilization Treatment
    Chung Sin Shim, Young-Sook Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(3): 369.     CrossRef
  • Perception and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Diabetic Patients in Busan Area
    Hyeryung Kim, Eunjoo Son, Mikyung Kim, Eunsoon Lyu
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2011; 16(4): 488.     CrossRef
  • A comparison of the knowledge of, experience with and attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine between nurses and patients in Korea
    Young‐Hee Yom, Kyu Eun Lee
    Journal of Clinical Nursing.2008; 17(19): 2565.     CrossRef
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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Fasting Glucose of Adults
Hee Seung Kim, You Ja Ro, Nam Cho Kim, Yang Sook Yoo, Jin Sun Young, Jeong Ah Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(6):1479-1487.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.6.1479
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was conducted to draw out prevalence and the risk factors of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose for adults,(age 30-69). The subjects were 2096 adults, who had regular health examinations between January and December of 1999 at K Hospital in Seoul. The data was analyzed using chi-square test, unpaired t-test and logistic regression. Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose were diagnosed by ADA (American Diabetes Association, 1997) criteria. The results were as follows: 1. Mens' prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 7.9% and womens' prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 3.8%. Mens' prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 10.4% and womens' prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 6.5%. Prevalences of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose increased with age. 2. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose of obese subjects (relative body weight>=162) was higher than that of overweight subjects (110<=relative body weight<=119) in men and women. 3. The diagnoses of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose increased with systolic blood pressure and triglyceride. 4. Significant factors associated with diabetes in the logistic regression best gut model were age, relative body weight, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride in men, and systolic blood pressure in women. In conclusion, as age, weight, systolic blood pressure and triglyceride get higher, Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose prevalence also increases, porportionally.

Citations

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  • The Relation of Impaired Fasting Glucose and HDL-Cholesterol by Gender and Body Mass Index
    Soo-Hee Jin
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(1): 8.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2019; 8(2): 252.     CrossRef
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    Hae Jin Kang
    The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2018; 19(2): 106.     CrossRef
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    Jae Woong Sull, Tae Yong Lee, Sun Ha Jee
    BMC Medical Genetics.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Eun-Kyung Jo, Eun-Won Seo, Kwang-Soo Lee
    Health Policy and Management.2016; 26(1): 30.     CrossRef
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    Hyung-Su Park, Jin-Gyu Jeong, Jin-Ho Yu
    The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences.2013; 8(5): 779.     CrossRef
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    Keum Ji Jung, Heejin Kimm, Ji Eun Yun, Sun Ha Jee
    Journal of Epidemiology.2013; 23(5): 329.     CrossRef
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A Study on the Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm of Diabetic Patients
Hwa Soon Kim, Wha Sook Suh
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):741-749.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.741
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between reversed circadian blood pressure and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects. The subjects in this study were 18 NIDDM patients who were hospitalized in a medical unit of an university medical center located in Incheon, Korea, between November, 1998 and March, 1999. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer by 2 trained examiners every 2 hours during 24 hours. NIDDM subjects were divided into a dipper group and non-dipper group. Dippers are defined as those who show a mean nighttime blood pressure(BP) drop of more than 10% compared with daytime BP. Non-dippers are defined as those who show a mean nighttime BP drop of less than 10%, or an elevation in BP compared with daytime BP. Daytime BP included values obtained between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. Night time BP included values obtained between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. Data was analyzed by SPSS/PC package. Chi-square( 2) test was used for the comparison of sex between The dipper group and non-dipper group. Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons of values of the risk factors of peripheral vascular disease and the frequency of complications of diabetes between the dipper group and non-dipper group. The results are as follows. There were no significant differences in daytime systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures between the dipper group and non-dipper group. However, night time systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures in the non-dipper group were significantly nigher than those in the dipper group (p=.021). There were no differences in sex, age, body, weight, duration of diabetes, serum lipid levels, BUN and HbA1c between the two groups. On the contrary, 87.5% of non-dipper group subjects showed having hypertension, 30% of dipper group subjects showed having hypertension and this difference was statistically significant (p=.018). All of the non-dipper group subjects (N=8) showed having at least one diabetic complication. However, 40% of the dipper group subjects (N=10) showed having no diabetic complication at all and this difference was also statistically significant (p=.049). There were no significant differences in frequency of nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy between the dipper group and non-dipper group.

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Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Self-Care in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-Analysis
Hyang Yeon Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(5):1087-1102.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.5.1087
AbstractAbstract PDF

Diabetes mellitus, a universal and prevalent chronic disease, is projected to be one of the most formidable worldwide health problems in the 21st century. For those living with diabetes, there is a need for self-care skills to manage a complex medical regimen. Self-efficacy which refers to one's belief in his/her capability to monitor and perform the daily activities required to manage diabletes has found to be related to self-care. The concept of self-efficacy comes from social cognitive theory which maintains that cognitive mechanism mediate the performance of behavior. The literature cities several research studies which show a strong relationship between self-efficacy and self-care behavior. Meta-analysis is a technique that enables systematic review and quantitative integration of the results from multiple primary studies that are relevant to a particular research question. Therefore, this study was done using meta-analysis to quantitatively integrate the results of independent research studies to obtain numerical estimates of the overall effect of a self-efficacy with diabetic patient on self-care behaviors. The research proceeded in three stages : 1) literature search and retrieval of studies in which self-efficacy was related to self-care, 2) coding, and 3) calculation of mean effect size and data analysis. Seventeen studies which met the research criteria included study population of adults with diabetes, measures of self-care and measures of self-efficacy as a predictive variable. Computation of effect size was done on DSTAT which is a statistical computer program specifically designed for meta-analysis. To determine the effect of self-efficacy on self-care practice homogeneity tests were conducted. Pooled effect size estimates, to determine the best subvariable for composite variables, metabolic control variables and component of self-efficacy and self-care, indicated that the effect of self-efficacy composite on self-care composite was moderate to large. The weighted mean effect size of self-efficacy composite and self-care composite were +.76 and the confidence interval was from +.66 to +.86 with the number of subjects being 1,545. The total for this meta-analysis result showed that the weighted mean effect sizes ranged from +.70 to +1.81 which indicates a large effect. But since reliabilities of the instruments in the primary studies were studies were low or not stated, caution must be applied in unconditionally accepting the results from these effect sizes. Meta-analysis is a useful took for clarifying the status of knowledge development and guiding decision making about future research and this study confirmed that there is a relationship between self-efficacy and self-care in patients with diabetes. It, thus, provides support for nurses to promote self-efficacy in their patients. While most of the studies included in this meta-analysis used social cognitive theory as a framework for the study, some studies use Fishbein and Ajzen's attitude model as a model for active self-care. Future research is needed to more fully define the concept of self-care and to determine what it is that makes patients feel competent in their self-care activities. The results of this study showed that self-efficacy can promote self-care. Future research is needed with experimental design to determine nursing interventions that will increase self-efficacy.

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The Effects of Exercise Therapy Applied in an Efficacy Expectation Promoting Program on Self-Efficacy and Metabolism: in NIDDM(Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) Patients
Chun Ja Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(1):132-142.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.1.132
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was conducted to investigate whether exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program based on the self-efficacy theory of Bandura(1977) would increase self-efficacy and metabolism in NIDDM patients. The study design was a nonequivalent control group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design. The exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program was composed of a staged exercise program, a small booklet relating personal experience with diabetes mellitus and a telephone coaching program on performance accomplishment, vicarious experience and verbal persuasion, which are all induction modes of efficacy expectation. The subjects of the study were twenty eight NIDDM patients who received follow-up care regularly through the out-patient department of endocrine medicine in one general hospital which had a diabetic clinic. Fourteen were assigned to the experimental group and fourteen to the control group. The experimental group participated in the exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program from three to five times per week for four weeks and the control group did not have the program. The collected data were analyzed using the x2-test, t-test, paired t-test, and Cronbach's Alpha using SPSS/PC+. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Experimental group had higher efficacy score than control group(t=5.98, p=.00). And, There was a significant different in the efficacy score before exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program and after in experimental group(t=-6.42, p=.00). 2. Experimental group did not have lower level of glucose metabolism than control group(FBS : t=.32, p=.75, HbA1C : t=.60, p=.55, pc 2hrs. glucose : t=-.29, p=.78). But, There was a significant different in the amount of glucose metabolism before exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program and after in experimental group(FBS : t=3.63, p=.003, HbA1C : t=4.20, p=.00 2hrs . glucose : t=1.93, p=.001). 3. Levels of lipid metabolism were partly a significant different between Experimental group and control group(triglyceride : t=-1.87, p=.07, HDL cholesterol : t=-.29, p=.77, body weight : t=1.78, p=.09, Total cholesterol : t=-2.17, p=.04). And, There was partly a significant different in the amount of lipid metabolism before exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program and after in experimental group(triglyceride : t=2.50, p=.03, HDL cholesterol : t=-.43, p=.67, body weight : t=5.34, p=.00, Total cholesterol : t=2.26, p=.04). In conclusion, it was found that exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program was an effective nursing intervention for increasing self-efficacy and metabolism.

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  • Effects of a community‐based intervention on cardio‐metabolic risk and self‐care behaviour in older adults with metabolic syndrome
    Chun‐Ja Kim, Jee‐Won Park, Hyung‐Ran Park
    International Journal of Nursing Practice.2014; 20(2): 212.     CrossRef
  • Utility of a Web-based Intervention for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
    CHUN-JA KIM, DUCK-HEE KANG
    CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2006; 24(6): 337.     CrossRef
  • The impact of a stage-matched intervention to promote exercise behavior in participants with type 2 diabetes
    Chun-Ja Kim, Ae-Ran Hwang, Ji-Soo Yoo
    International Journal of Nursing Studies.2004; 41(8): 833.     CrossRef
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Transformational Experience of a Student Nurse with Diabetes: A Case Study
Hye Jung Choi, Young Sang Hong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(2):192-200.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.2.192
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The current study was aimed to investigate the transformational experience of a female student nurse living with type 1 diabetes.

 Methods

A case study of a 24-year-old diabetes patient was conducted, with interviews concerning the evolving process she had lived through during the period from her later high school years to her graduation from nursing college.

 Results

Followings were identified as 5-transformation process: With her diabetes-related limitation, the participant experienced ‘ conflict involving choosing a college and major’. The participant tried to be in charge of managing her diabetes and stepped forward to ‘ adaptation to college life as a new environment’, and she learned more about the process of ‘ evolving awareness of caring’ and developed herself further through the process of ‘ integration of the nurse identity into self-identity’, and finally through the process of ‘ progression and preparation for getting a job’ she achieved her goals, being positive about the future.

 Conclusions

The results of the study can provide individuals with diabetes a way of self-management and help the patients and their families in diabetes education. Further research will be needed to refine the results of this study and to learn more about the experiences of patients with type I diabetes in college years.

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The Effects of Problem Solving Nursing Counseling and Intensified Walking Exercise on Diabetic Self-care, Coping Strategies, and Glycemic Control among Clients with DM Type II
Hae Jung Lee, Kyung Yeon Park, Hyeong Sook Park, In Joo Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1314-1324.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1314
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of problem solving nursing counseling and intensified walking exercise on diabetic self-care, coping strategies, and glycemic control among older adults with DM type II.

 Methods

Ninety nine DM patients who were older than 50 were recruited from DM clinics or public health centers and conveniently assigned into three groups: the Polar(n=41), counseling(n=30) and control groups (n=28). Participants in both Polar and counseling groups attended weekly problem solving nursing counseling for 12 weeks. Polar heart rate monitors were used in the Polar group to intensify walking exercise. Data was collected from November 2003 to August 2004 and analyzed by ANOVA or ANCOVA using the SPSS WIN program.

 Results

After a 12 week intervention, participants in both the Polar and counseling groups reported increased diabetic self care behaviors and decreased blood glucose levels, which is significantly different from those in the control group. There were no distinctively different program effects between the Polar and counseling groups.

 Conclusion

Based on the findings, we concluded that problem solving counseling alone could have positive effects on diabetic self care and glycemic controls for older adults with DM. Future research is needed to identify long-term effects of the program.

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  • Social Network Analysis of Self‐Management Behavior Among Older Adults With Diabetes
    Geumbo Ko, Youngshin Song
    Public Health Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Eun Chong Shin
    The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2016; 17(3): 185.     CrossRef
  • Development and Effects of a Motivational Interviewing Self-management Program for Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
    Hye-Yeon Kang, Mee Ock Gu
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 533.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Reported Study on Intervention Programs for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
    Gab-Sun Song, Ho-Jin Kim, Jum-Yi Jun
    Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(9): 541.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of the Experience of Diabetes Education on Knowledge, Self-Care Behavior and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
    Seung Hei Moon, Young Whee Lee, Ok-Kyung Ham, Soo-Hyun Kim
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2014; 20(1): 81.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Health Literacy and Diabetes Knowledge on Diabetes Self-care Activities in Korean Low-income Elders with Diabetes
    Jihye Jeong, Namhee Park, So Young Shin
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2014; 25(3): 217.     CrossRef
  • Qualitative Research Investigating Patterns of Health Care Behavior among Korean Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
    Jin-Hyang Yang, Myung-Ok Cho, Hae-Ok Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 805.     CrossRef
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    Kyung Sun Hyun, Kwang Mi Kim, Sook Hee Jang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(5): 720.     CrossRef
  • Self-care, Self-efficacy, and Glycemic Control of Koreans With Diabetes Mellitus
    Haejung Lee, Sukhee Ahn, Yongsuk Kim
    Asian Nursing Research.2009; 3(3): 139.     CrossRef
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Effects of Web-based Diabetic Education in Obese Diabetic Patients
Hee Seung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(5):924-930.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.5.924
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of web-based diabetic education on plasma glucose and serum lipids in obese people with diabetes.

 Methods

A random allocation design with control and experimental groups being assessed pre- and post-intervention was used. Eighteen patients were randomly allocated to an intervention group and 16 to a control group. Participants were requested to input their blood glucose levels weekly for 3 months at http://www.biodang.com by cellular phone or wire Internet. The researcher sentoptimal recommendations to each patient weekly for 3 months using a short message service (SMS) of the cellular phone and wire Internet.

 Results

Patients in the intervention group had a mean decrease of 1.2% in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and those in the control group had no difference in HbA1c levels. There was a significant mean change in 2-hour post prandial blood glucose (2HPPG) for the intervention group, with a mean change of -120.1 mg/dl. The mean change in the control group, however, was not significant.

 Conclusion

These findings indicate that this web-based intervention using SMS of the cellular phone for 3 months improved HbA1c and 2HPPG, but did not affect total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese type 2 diabetic patient.

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    Korean Journal of Transplantation.2017; 31(1): 34.     CrossRef
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    Healthcare Informatics Research.2010; 16(3): 149.     CrossRef
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    Kyung Sun Hyun, Kwang Mi Kim, Sook Hee Jang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(5): 720.     CrossRef
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    Young-Mi Jung
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Body Weight, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Self-Efficacy of Diabetic Control among Obese Type II Diabetic Patients
Hae Jung Lee, Kyung Yeon Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(5):787-797.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.5.787
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of problem solving nursing counseling and walking exerciseon weight loss, cardiovascular risk factors, and self-efficacy of diabetic control among obese diabetic patients. The Polar heart rate monitor was used for walking exercise to utilize the Biofeedback mechanism.

 Method

Fifty nine diabetic patients were conveniently placed into experimental (n=35) and control groups (n=24). The experimental group participated inweekly nursing counseling for 12 weeks and was encouraged to do walking exercise using a Polar monitor. The control group remained in the same treatment as before. The data wascollected from November 2003 to August 2004 and analyzed using t-tests and ANCOVAs.

 Results

After 12 weeks, the participants in the experimental group reported significantly decreased body weight (p=.004) and total scores on theParma scale (p=.001). While the participants in the control group reported significantly increased levels of blood triglyceride (p=.046) and HDL (p=.018).

 Conclusion

Based on the findings, we concluded that problem focused nursing counseling with intensified walking exercise could reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications and body weight among obese diabetic patients. Future research to explore the long-term effects of nursing counseling on diabetic complications is warranted.

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  • Effects of e-health literacy on health-related quality of life in young adults with type 2 diabetes: Parallel mediation of diabetes self-efficacy and self-care behaviors
    Yura Jang, Youngran Yang
    Applied Nursing Research.2025; 82: 151917.     CrossRef
  • Automated Personalized Self-care Program for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Trial
    Gaeun Park, Haejung Lee, Yoonju Lee, Myoung Soo Kim, Sunyoung Jung, Ah Reum Khang, Dongwon Yi
    Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(2): 114.     CrossRef
  • Using herbal medicine (Cheong-Yeol Sodang-decoction) for fasting blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes mellitus: a retrospective chart review
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    Yun Hwan Kang, Young-Sil Lee, Kyoung Kon Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Tae Woo Kim, Myeon Choe
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013; 46(5): 401.     CrossRef
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An Ethnographic Study on Eating Styles of Adult Diabetics in Korea
Yong Hae Hong, Myung Ok Cho, Young Sook Tae
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(2):313-322.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.2.313
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore adult diabetics' eating styles and factors which influence them.

 Method

The study adopted an ethnographic method based on a perspective which views the eating style as a cultural phenomenon. Data was collected through a personal interview, participant observation, and documented materials from Oct.2001 to Sept. 2002. In this study, fifteen adult diabetics, with an average age of 57, participated. Data analysis was done by the Spradley's taxonomic analysis technique.

 Result

The patients' eating styles were rooted in their viewpoint on illness as well as the meaning of food. Eating styles were classified into 4 types: Pathology-centered, symptom-centered, need-centered, and role-centered.

 Conclusion

A conventional approach to the treatment and management of diabetes did not consider the patient's inner world which may play an important role in the successful management of the disease. We found that it was critical for health care personnel to understand patients' values, beliefs and their way of life in order to facilitate the most successful self-care diet.

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  • Nutritional patterns of Korean diabetic patients: an exploratory study
    H. Lee, M. Kim, B.J. Daly
    International Nursing Review.2008; 55(4): 442.     CrossRef
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Self Care Activity, Metabolic Control, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in accordance with the Levels of Depression of Clients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hae Jung Lee, Kyung Yeon Park, Hyeong Sook Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(2):283-291.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.2.283
AbstractAbstract
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of depression experienced by clients (N=152) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM), and to compare the levels of self care activity, metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors between depressed and non-depressed clients.

 Method

Participants aged 50 and above were conveniently recruited in B city. The levels of depression, self-care activity, metabolic control of glucose and lipids, and cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were measured by using questionnaires and blood tests from November, 2003 to June, 2004. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Spearman rho and t-test using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program.

 Result

The prevalence of depression(CES-D=16) among the participants was 44.1%. The levels of self-care activities(p=.012), glucose(p=.019), total cholesterol(p=.022), LDL(.007) and cardiovascular risk factors(p=.012) were significantly higher in the depressed group than those in the non-depressed group.

 Conclusion

Based on the findings, we concluded that many DM patients experience depression and the depression of type 2 DM clients is significantly related with self care activities, diabetic control, and cardiovascular complications. However, this study did not address causality among these variables. Therefore, further research, such as a longitudinal cohort study, is needed to identify causality among these variables.

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  • Self-care and related factors in patients with type II diabetes in Iran
    Nazi Nejat, Ali Khan Mohamadi Hezave, Seyed Mohammad Aghae Pour, Korosh Rezaei, Azam Moslemi, Fatemeh Mehrabi
    Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2021; 20(1): 635.     CrossRef
  • The role of psychological insulin resistance in diabetes self‐care management
    Ancho Lim, Youngshin Song
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    Hee Kyoung Hyoung, Hyo-Soon Jang
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  • The Effects of Regular Walking Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly with Diabetic Mellitus
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    Hyoung-Sook Park, Kyung-Yeon Park
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The Effects of Short Term Comprehensive Life Style Modification Program on Glycemic Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism and Body Composition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ji Soo Yoo, Suk Jeong Lee, Hyun Chul Lee, So Hun Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Eun Jeong Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(7):1277-1287.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.7.1277
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to evaluate the effects of a short term comprehensive life style modification program on glycemic metabolism, lipid metabolism and body composition in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

 Method

A nonequivalent control group with a pre post test was designed. Data collection was done from October 2003 to June, 2004 at a hospital. Glycemic metabolism was measured by a.c., p.c. and HbA1c, and lipid metabolism was measured by cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Body Composition was measured by body weight, body mass index, waist, measurement waist per hip ratio, body fat, muscle weight and abdominal fat tissue(intra abdominal distance). The Experimental group, which was composed of 29 participants, was educated based on a life style modification protocol at a weekly meeting for 12 weeks and carried out exercise, diet along individual parameters and self monitoring, while 24 participants in the control group received only diet education.

 Result

1.The experimental group showed a significant lower a.c.(t=2.11, p=.04) and HbA1c(t=2.65, p=.01) compared to those of the control group. 2. The experimental group showed a significant lower LDL than the results of the control group(t=2.42, p=.02). 3. The experimental group showed a significant lower weight(t=3.09, p=.00), BMI(t=3.01, p=.00), body fat(t=2.94, p=.01) and abdominal fat tissue(t=3.05, p=.01) than those of the control group.

 Conclusion

The results provided evidence for the effectiveness of a short term comprehensive life style modification program composed of exercise, diet, support, self efficacy elevation and self monitoring in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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    Keun-Young Yang
    Journal of Digital Contents Society.2023; 24(8): 1815.     CrossRef
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    Sung-Won Oh, Sook-Bae Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(5): 406.     CrossRef
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    Tae-Jeong Bae, Na-Eun Jeon, Soo-Kyong Choi, Jung-Sook Seo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(3): 214.     CrossRef
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    Hae Jin Kang
    The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2018; 19(2): 106.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(9): 541.     CrossRef
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    Hyoung Sook Park, Kyoungnam Kim
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  • Effects of Visiting Nurses' Individually Tailored Education for Low‐Income Adult Diabetic Patients in Korea
    Il Sun Ko, Tae Hwa Lee, Gwang Suk Kim, Se Won Kang, Mi Ja Kim
    Public Health Nursing.2011; 28(5): 429.     CrossRef
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    Jae-Ryoung Seo, Sang-Soo Bae
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  • Effects of 6 Weeks of Lifestyle Modification Including Combined Exercise Program on the Risk of Metabolic Parameters and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
    Dong Hoon Lee, Seung Hwan Lee, Kiyong An, Jin Young Moon, So Hun Kim, Yoon Jin Choi, Moonsuk Nam, Justin Y. Jeon
    The Korean Journal of Obesity.2011; 20(3): 147.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of a Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification Program on Glycemic Control and Body Composition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
    Ji-Soo Yoo, Suk-Jeong Lee, Hyun-Chul Lee, Mi-Ja Kim
    Asian Nursing Research.2007; 1(2): 106.     CrossRef
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The Effects of a Diabetic Educational Program for Coping with Problem Situation on Self-efficacy, Self care behaviors, Coping and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Choun Hee Ko, Mee Ock Gu
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(7):1205-1214.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.7.1205
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to develop and to test the effects of an educational program for coping with problem situations as a nursing intervention in the diabetic patient.

 Method

A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. Data were collected from January to March, 2002. The subjects of the study consisted of 31 diabetic patients(experimental group : 17 patients, control group : 14 patients). The intervention of an educational program for coping with problem situations was applied to the experimental group for 4weeks(total 8 hours). Data were collected before the educational program, immediately after and 1 months later and were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, t-test, and paired t-test.

 Result

1. There was a significant difference in self efficacy between the experimental and control groups (F=13.793, p=0.001). 2. There was a significant difference in self care behavior between the experimental and control groups (F=4.583, p=0.041). 3. There was a significant difference in coping behavior of the problem situation between the experimental and control groups (F=62.018, p=0.000). There was a significant difference according to experimental stages(F=4.546, p=0.015) and interaction between education and experimental stages(F=12.039, p=0.000). 4. There was a significant difference in glycemic control between the experimental and control groups (t=-3.112, p=0.004).

 Conclusion

These results support that a diabetic educational program for coping with problem situations is effective in promoting and maintaining self efficacy, self care behavior, problem coping behaviors and in improving glycemic control. Thus this program can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention of in-depth education for diabetic patient.

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    Hye-Yeon Kang, Mee Ock Gu
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Effect of Vitamin C Supplementation on Blood Sugar and Antioxidative Status in Types II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Hyoung Sook Park, Yun Mi Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(2):170-178.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.2.170
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to determine the effect of oral vitamin C supplements on blood sugar and antioxidative status in Types II diabetes mellitus patients.

 Method

Data for the study were collected from June 24 to August 31, 2001. Participants(31) took 1g/day vitamin C for 4 weeks, after a 1 - week taking no Vitamin C, followed by Vitamin C 3g/day for 4 weeks. A baseline blood sample was obtained following a 12hour overnight fast and at the end of each 4week Vitamin C administration. Blood samples were taken for plasma vitamin C concentration, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, superoxide scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. The data were analyzed by SPSS for repeated measures ANOVA.

 Result

Plasma vitamin C concentration was significantly increased over dose(F=3.316, p=.043). Fasting blood sugar and HbA1c was significantly decreased over dose(F=13.192, p=.000; F=11.995, p=.000). Superoxide scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was significantly increased over dose(F=486.138, p=.000; F=177.704, p= .000).

 Conclusion

The results suggest that megadose vitamin C supplementation may have a beneficial effect in diabetes mellitus patients on both glycemic control and antioxidant status. Thus dietary measures to increase plasma vitamin C may be an important health strategy for reducing the compliance of diabetic patients.

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    Necla Benlier, Nilay Uçar, Eda Öğüt, Havva Yeşil Çinkir, Mustafa Yildirim, Pınar Günel Karadeniz, Esra Küpeli Akkol, Haroon Khan, Eyüp Ilker Saygili
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    Se In Oh, Chung Shil Kwak, Mee Sook Lee
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Structural Equation Modeling on Self-Care Behavior and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Diabetes Using Citizen Health Promotion Centers
Songheun Lee, Hyunli Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(4):514-525.   Published online January 15, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.4.514
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model for Diabetes self-management (DSM) behavior and Quality of life (QoL) in older adults with diabetes who use Citizen Health Promotion Centers. The theory used this study was a combination of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Model (IMB) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to reflect autonomous characteristics of participants.

 Methods

Data were collected from April 20 to August 31, 2015 using a self-report questionnaire. The sample was 205 patients with type 2 Diabetes who regularly visited a Citizen Health Promotion Center. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs were used to analyze the efficiency of the hypothesized model and calculate the direct and indirect effects of factor affecting the participants’ DSM behavior and QoL.

 Results

The supported hypotheses were as follows; 1) The variable that had a direct effect on QoL was health behavior adherence (γ=.55, p=.007). 2) The variables that had a direct effect on DSM behavior were DSM information (γ=.15, p=.023), DSM confidence (γ=.25, p<.001), and autonomous motivation (γ=.13, p=.048). 3) The variable that had a direct effect on DSM confidence was autonomy support (γ=.33, p<.001).

 Conclusion

The major findings of this study are that supporting patient's autonomous motivation is an influential predictor for adherence to DSM behavior, and integrative intervention strategies which include knowledge, experience and psychosocial support are essential for older adults with diabetes to continue DSM behavior and improve QoL.

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Development of a Psychological Insulin Resistance Scale for Korean Patients with Diabetes
Youngshin Song, Younghee Jeon, Jeonghwa Cho, Bohyun Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):813-823.   Published online December 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.813
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to develop and validate a measure to evaluate the Korean version of psychological insulin resistance (K-PIR) in patients with diabetes in Korea.

 Methods

Items were initially generated from literature reviews and interviews with 19 patients with diabetes. The content validity of the items was evaluated by experts. Participants were 424 patients with diabetes recruited through convenience sampling. A cross-sectional survey was designed for item-analysis, exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring, and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to measure the internal consistency.

 Results

For the 24 items of the Korean version of psychological insulin resistance, six items were eliminated because of low correlation with the other items. Exploratory factor analysis with 18-item showed that two factors (psycho-cognitive factor and supportive factor) explained 41.8% of the variance, and the factor structure of K-PIR model had a good fit. Internal consistency of K-PIR with 18 items revealed good reliability.

 Conclusion

The findings show that the K-PIR is reliable for measuring the psychological resistance to insulin therapy for Korean patients with diabetes. However, further study is needed to evaluate the validation because the proportion of variation of K-PIR was low in this study.

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    Sung-Chul Lim
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    Kang Sun Lee, Hye Young Kim, Heung Young Jin
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    Yeon Jeong Jang
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Concept Analysis for Psychological Insulin Resistance in Korean People with Diabetes
Youngshin Song
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):443-453.   Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.443
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to define the concept for psychological insulin resistance in the Korean population with diabetes.

 Methods

The Hybrid model was used to perform the concept analysis of psychological insulin resistance. Results from both the theoretical review with 26 studies and a field study including 19 participants with diabetes were included in final process.

 Results

The preceding factors of psychological insulin resistance were uncontrolled blood glucose and change in daily life. The concept of psychological insulin resistance was found to have three categories with 8 attributes such as emotional factors (negative feeling), cognitive factors (low awareness and knowledge, low confidence for self-injection) and supportive factors (economic burden, dependency life, embarrassing, feeling about supporters, feeling of trust in, vs mistrust of health care providers). The 8 attributes included 30 indicators.

 Conclusion

The psychological insulin resistance of population with diabetes in Korea was defined as a complex phenomenon associated with insulin therapy that can be affected by emotional factors, cognitive factors, and supportive relational factors. Based on the results, a tool for measuring psychological insulin resistance of Koreans with diabetes and effective programs for enhancing insulin adherence should be developed in future studies.

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    Yeon Jeong Jang
    The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(3): 192.     CrossRef
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    Ancho Lim, Youngshin Song
    Nursing Open.2020; 7(3): 887.     CrossRef
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    Bohyun Kim, Youngshin Song, Jong Im Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(1): 61.     CrossRef
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    Ji Hyeon Yu, Hye Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim, Eun Ko, Heung Yong Jin
    International Journal of Nursing Practice.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Youngshin Song, Younghee Jeon, Jeonghwa Cho, Bohyun Kim
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Development and Effects of a Motivational Interviewing Self-management Program for Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Hye-Yeon Kang, Mee Ock Gu
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(4):533-543.   Published online August 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.4.533
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to develop and test the effects of a motivational interviewing self-management program for use with elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.

 Methods

A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 42 elderly diabetic patients (experimental group: 21, control group: 21). The motivational interviewing self-management program for elders with diabetes mellitus developed in this study consisted of a 12-week program in total (8 weeks for group motivational interviewing and education and 4 weeks for individual motivational interviewing on the phone). Data were collected between February 13 and May 3, 2013 and were analyzed using t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 18.0.

 Results

For the experimental group, significant improvement was found for self-efficacy, self-care behavior, glycemic control and quality of life (daily life satisfaction, influence of disease) as compared to the control group.

 Conclusion

The study findings indicate that the motivational interviewing self-management program is effective and can be recommended as a nursing intervention for elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.

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    Hacksun Kim, Kisook Kim
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    Hailian Zhang, Hyunli Kim
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Factors Influencing Physical Activity among Community-dwelling Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Path Analysis
Sun Joo Jang, Hyunju Park, Hyunjung Kim, Sun Ju Chang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(3):329-336.   Published online June 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.3.329
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of the study was to identify factors influencing physical activity among community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes. The study design was based on the Theory of Triadic Influence.

 Methods

A total of 242 older adults with type 2 diabetes participated in this study. Six variables related to physical activity in older adults, including self-efficacy, social normative belief, attitudes, intention, experience, and level of physical activity, were measured using reliable instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analyses, and a path analysis.

 Results

The mean physical activity score was 104.2, range from zero to 381.21. The path analysis showed that self-efficacy had the greatest total effect on physical activity. Also, experience had direct and total effects on physical activity as well as mediated the paths of social normative beliefs to attitudes and intention to physical activity. These factors accounted for 10% of the total variance, and the fit indices of the model satisfied the criteria of fitness.

 Conclusion

The findings of the study reveal the important role of self-efficacy and past experience in physical activity in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

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    Young Mi Kim, Soon Rim Suh
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  • The Comparative Analysis of Health Risk Factor according to HbA1c Level of Elderly Women Dwelling in Jeonla Province - Blood Health Status, Food Habit and Nutrient Intake -
    Se In Oh, Chung Shil Kwak, Mee Sook Lee
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(3): 392.     CrossRef
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Trend Analysis in the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes According to Risk Factors among Korean Adults: Based on the 2001~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Young-Ju Kim, Myoung-Nam Lim, Dong-Suk Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(6):743-750.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.743
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The objective of this study was to provide a trend analysis of the prevalence of diabetes relative to the socioeconomic, lifestyle, and physiologic risk factors among Korean adults aged over 30 years for a 10-year period using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

 Methods

Prevalence difference and the slope index of inequality were calculated for each risk factors using binomial regression by considering the repeated cross-sectional features of the data. The prevalence ratio and the relative index of inequality were calculated using log-binomial regression. Linear trend tests were performed using SAS 9.2.

 Results

Crude prevalence of diabetes increased over the 10-year period, and was higher for men than for women. It was very high for adults 60 years or over, consistently increasing over time. The prevalence among unemployed men, women with higher level of stress, women with hypertension, and adults with serum triglyceride levels over 135 mg/dL increased over the 10-year period in comparison with the respective control group.

 Conclusion

Considering the rapid economic development and associated lifestyle changes in Korea, action should be taken to control the prevalence of diabetes by both preventing and consistently monitoring these identified risk factors using a public-health approach.

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Effects of a Coaching Program on Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Jung Mi Ko, Jong Kyung Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(6):672-681.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.672
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using a Coaching Program on Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification with pregnant women who have gestational diabetes.

 Methods

The research design for this study was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental study. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes were recruited from D women's hospital located in Gyeonggi Province from April to October, 2013. Participants in this study were 34 for the control group and 34 for the experimental group. The experimental group participated in the Coaching Program on Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification. The program consisted of education, small group coaching and telephone coaching over 4weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 21.0 program.

 Results

There were significant improvements in self-care behavior, and decreases in depression, fasting blood sugar and HbA1C in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups for knowledge of gestational diabetes mellitus.

 Conclusion

The Coaching Program on Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification used in this study was found to be effective in improving self-care behavior and reducing depression, fasting blood sugar and HbA1C, and is recommended for use in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for pregnant women with gestational diabetes.

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