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Original Article
Development of a Psychological Insulin Resistance Scale for Korean Patients with Diabetes
Youngshin Song, Younghee Jeon, Jeonghwa Cho, Bohyun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2016;46(6):813-823.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.813
Published online: December 30, 2016

College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to : Song, Youngshin. College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, 266 Munwha-ro Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015 Korea. Tel: +82-42-580-8334, Fax: +82-42-580-8309, yssong87@cnu.ac.kr
• Received: May 31, 2016   • Revised: August 9, 2016   • Accepted: September 7, 2016

© 2016 Korean Society of Nursing Science

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

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  • Purpose
    This study was done to develop and validate a measure to evaluate the Korean version of psychological insulin resistance (K-PIR) in patients with diabetes in Korea.
  • Methods
    Items were initially generated from literature reviews and interviews with 19 patients with diabetes. The content validity of the items was evaluated by experts. Participants were 424 patients with diabetes recruited through convenience sampling. A cross-sectional survey was designed for item-analysis, exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring, and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to measure the internal consistency.
  • Results
    For the 24 items of the Korean version of psychological insulin resistance, six items were eliminated because of low correlation with the other items. Exploratory factor analysis with 18-item showed that two factors (psycho-cognitive factor and supportive factor) explained 41.8% of the variance, and the factor structure of K-PIR model had a good fit. Internal consistency of K-PIR with 18 items revealed good reliability.
  • Conclusion
    The findings show that the K-PIR is reliable for measuring the psychological resistance to insulin therapy for Korean patients with diabetes. However, further study is needed to evaluate the validation because the proportion of variation of K-PIR was low in this study.
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Figure 1

The first-order structure of psychological insulin resistance for Korean patients with diabetes.

jkan-46-813-g001.jpg
Figure 2

The final structure of psychological insulin resistance for Korean patients with diabetes.

jkan-46-813-g002.jpg
Table 1

Demographics of Participants (N =423)

jkan-46-813-i001.jpg
Table 2

Factor Analysis and Corrected Item Total Correlation using Data set A (N =217)

jkan-46-813-i002.jpg
Table 3

Model Indices and Factor Estimate in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (N =206)

jkan-46-813-i003.jpg

K-PIR=The Korean version of Psychological Insulin Resistance; CMIN=χ2 test; DF=Degree of freedom; Standardized RMR=Standardized root mean-square residual; GFI=Goodness of Fit Index; AGFI: Adjusted Goodness of Fix Index; NFI=Normed Fit Index; CFI=Comparative Fit Index; RMSEA=Root mean square error of approximation.

Figure & Data

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        Development of a Psychological Insulin Resistance Scale for Korean Patients with Diabetes
        J Korean Acad Nurs. 2016;46(6):813-823.   Published online December 30, 2016
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      Development of a Psychological Insulin Resistance Scale for Korean Patients with Diabetes
      Image Image
      Figure 1 The first-order structure of psychological insulin resistance for Korean patients with diabetes.
      Figure 2 The final structure of psychological insulin resistance for Korean patients with diabetes.
      Development of a Psychological Insulin Resistance Scale for Korean Patients with Diabetes

      Demographics of Participants (N =423)

      Factor Analysis and Corrected Item Total Correlation using Data set A (N =217)

      Model Indices and Factor Estimate in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (N =206)

      K-PIR=The Korean version of Psychological Insulin Resistance; CMIN=χ2 test; DF=Degree of freedom; Standardized RMR=Standardized root mean-square residual; GFI=Goodness of Fit Index; AGFI: Adjusted Goodness of Fix Index; NFI=Normed Fit Index; CFI=Comparative Fit Index; RMSEA=Root mean square error of approximation.

      Table 1 Demographics of Participants (N =423)

      Table 2 Factor Analysis and Corrected Item Total Correlation using Data set A (N =217)

      Table 3 Model Indices and Factor Estimate in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (N =206)

      K-PIR=The Korean version of Psychological Insulin Resistance; CMIN=χ2 test; DF=Degree of freedom; Standardized RMR=Standardized root mean-square residual; GFI=Goodness of Fit Index; AGFI: Adjusted Goodness of Fix Index; NFI=Normed Fit Index; CFI=Comparative Fit Index; RMSEA=Root mean square error of approximation.


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