Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Mediating effect of grit on the influence of nurses’ silence behavior on medication safety competence: a cross-sectional study: Haengsuk Kim, Wanju Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):81-92. Published online February 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24088

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study investigated the mediating effect of grit in the relationship between silence behavior and medication safety competence among nurses.
Methods
The study included 166 nurses from four university hospitals and general hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Data were collected from March 1 to 10, 2024, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Scheffé’s test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients with IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 23.0 (IBM Corp.). A mediation analysis was performed using Hayes’s PROCESS macro model 4 and the bootstrapping method.
Results
Medication safety competence showed significant correlations with silence behavior (r=–.21, p=.008) and grit (r=.43, p<.001). Furthermore, grit partially mediated the relationship between silence behavior and medication safety competence.
Conclusion
This study indicates that grit is a significant mediator in the relationship between silence behavior and medication safety competence. Therefore, an integrated approach that reduces silence behavior and promotes grit is essential for strengthening nurses’ medication safety competence. Ultimately, these strategies will help ensure patient safety by improving medication safety competence.

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Development and Effectiveness of Progressive Simulation Education Program on Medication Safety for Nursing Students: Se-Young Jung, Eun-Young Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):563-576. Published online October 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24054

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to develop and verify a progressive simulation education program aimed at enhancing nursing students’ medication safety competency.
Methods
A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was adopted. The participants were 40 third-year nursing students with no prior simulation education experience, comprising 20 each in the experimental and control groups. The experimental treatment utilized a hybrid simulation approach incorporating both full-body mannequins and standardized patients and was, conducted over three sessions with durations of 65, 80, and 95 minutes for the first, second, and third sessions, respectively, for a total of 240 minutes. The program was constructed based on Jeffries’ simulation model.
Results
The levels of medication safety competencies, communication self-efficacy, learning self-efficacy, and problem-solving abilities of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group.
Conclusion
Our results confirm that the program effectively improves nursing students’ medication safety competence, communication self-efficacy, learning self-efficacy, and problem-solving ability. Therefore, this program can serve as a basis for developing educational strategies related to medication safety for nursing education institutions. Furthermore, the program is anticipated to have a positive impact on novice nurses’ education and practice in clinical settings.

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Concept Analysis of Social Intelligence of Nurses Using Hybrid Model: Lee, Kyung Ran , Lee, Na Kyoung , Oh, Hee , Park, Kyoung Ae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):459-474. Published online August 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23121

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to conduct a concept analysis of social intelligence in nurses so that applying social intelligence to the nursing field.
Methods
In this study, we followed the hybrid model procedure, involving the following steps: First, in the theoretical stage, the attributes and definitions of the concept of social intelligence were determined through literature review. Second, the concepts’ reality was confirmed during fieldwork. In the final analysis stage, the results confirmed in the theoretical and fieldwork stages were compared and analyzed to confirm the properties and definition of the concept.
Results
Nurses’ social intelligence consists of three dimensions: social cognitive nursing competency, human-centered social evolution, and skills for solving complex nursing situations. Nurses’ social intelligence is a professional nursing competency that flexibly coordinates complex nursing situations, developed through accumulating experiences of continuous reflection and relationship expansion based on receptive listening and social sensitivity in clinical interpersonal relationships.
Conclusion
Nurses’ social intelligence is widely used in clinical practice and is shown to have a significant direct and indirect impact on clinical nursing. To effectively apply social intelligence in the clinical context, individual and organizational efforts are required to share and transfer knowledge and capacity-building methods through collective intelligence and education.

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Original Articles

Concept Development of Political Competence for Nurses: Nam Kyung Han, Gwang Suk Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):81-100. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.81

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to define and clarify the concept of political competence for nurses.

Methods:

A hybrid model method was used to investigate the dimensions, attributes, and definitions of the concept. In the theoretical stage of the study, literature on nursing, politics, and other discipline were reviewed. In the fieldwork stage, individual in-depth interviews and focus groups interviews were conducted with politically seasoned experts or activists who had an understanding of the concept of political competence for extensive descriptions in nursing and field of health care.

Results:

The concept of political competence was represented in four dimensions as political knowledge, political efficacy, political interaction, and political activity. In the political knowledge dimension, there were three attributes, namely, political knowledge, political information and systematic analysis ability. The political efficacy dimension had three attributes of internal political efficacy, external political efficacy, and self-pride of nursing profession. The political interaction dimension had three attributes of organizations and community service, networking, and persuasive power. The political activity dimension had six attributes of political leadership, political expression, assertive behavior, political advocacy, political participation, and policy intervention.

Conclusion

This concept development might provide a basic understanding of developing a measurement tool and for constructing a theory promoting nurses’ political competence.

Citations

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Effect of Clinical Nurses’ Political Interest and Nursing Professionalism on the Intention to Political Participation
Yae Lim Shin, Sung Rae Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(5): 473. CrossRef
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Hae Ok Kim, Yo Na Kim, Mun Hee Nam
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(3): 398. CrossRef
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The Barriers and Facilitators Influencing Nurses’ Political Participation or Healthcare Policy Intervention: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Meta‐Synthesis
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Wooyeong Park, Taewha Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(3): 246. CrossRef
Activismo político de enfermeras pertenecientes a gremios en chile: un estudio de teoría fundamentada en datos
Greys González González, Edith Rivas Riveros, Maggie Campillay Campillay
Escola Anna Nery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Political activism of union chilean nurses: a grounded theory study
Greys González González, Edith Rivas Riveros, Maggie Campillay Campillay
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Sujin Choi
Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Political Participation Based on the Learning Efficacy of Dental Hygiene Policy in Dental Hygiene Students
Su-Kyung Park, Da-Yee Jeung
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2023; 23(2): 93. CrossRef
Korean nurses' participation in health care policy reform: A phenomenological study
NamKyung Han
Journal of Nursing Management.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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A Structural Model on the Nursing Competencies of Nursing Simulation Learners: Soo Jin Park, Eun Sun Ji; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):588-600. Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.588

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test a model of nursing competencies of nursing simulation learners. The conceptual model was based on the theory of Jeffries's simulaton theory.

Methods

Data collection was conducted in October 2017 for 310 students from two nursing universities in Kyungbuk area for 20 days. Data analysis methods were covariance structure analysis using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 22.0 statistical programs.

Results

The hypothetical model was a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were comparative fit index=.97, normed fit index=.94, Tucker-Lewis Index=.97, root mean square error of approximation=.44, and standardized root mean square residual=.04. Teacher factors were directly related to simulation design characteristics, and it was confirmed that the curriculum, classroom operation and teaching method of the instructors were important factors. Learner factors were found to have a direct effect on nursing competence, self-confidence, and clinical performance that belong to nursing capacity. In particular, the results of this study indicate that the simulation design characteristics have a partial mediating effect on learner factors and clinical performance, and a complete mediating effect on learner factors and clinical judgment ability.

Conclusion

In order to improve the learner's clinical performance and clinical judgment ability, it is necessary to conduct practical training through nursing simulation besides preparing the learner and the educator.

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The mediating role of flow in the relationship between simulation design and simulation educational satisfaction in korean nursing students: a cross-sectional study
Eun-Kyung Lee, Eun-Joo Ji
BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Influencing Students’ Self-confidence in Simulation Learning Based on National League for Nursing/Jeffries Simulation Framework
Jung-Suk Kim
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Relationship between Simulation Design Characteristics and Clinical Reasoning Competence: Multiple Additive Moderating Effects of Teaching Effectiveness and Students' Anxiety on Nursing Students
Kyung-In Cheon, Hea Kung Hur
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(1): 92. CrossRef

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Patient Safety Teaching Competency of Nursing Faculty: Shinae Ahn, Nam-Ju Lee, Haena Jang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(6):720-730. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.720

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate patient safety teaching competency of nursing faculty and the extent of teaching patient safety topics in the nursing curriculum.

Methods

A national survey was conducted with full-time nursing faculty in 4-year nursing schools. Regional quota sampling method was used. An online survey was sent to 1,028 nursing faculty and 207 of them were completed. Among the 207, we analyzed data from 184 participants. The revised Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses.

Results

The faculty's self-confidence was lower than their perceived importance of patient safety education. The mean score of teaching patient safety was 3.52±0.67 out of 5, and the contents were mostly delivered through lectures. The extent of faculty's teaching varied depending on faculty's clinical career, teaching subjects, participation in practicum courses, and previous experience of patient safety education. The significant predictors of the extent of teaching patient safety were the faculty's self-confidence in teaching patient safety (β=.39) during clinical practicum, their perceived importance of patient safety education during lectures (β=.23), and the teaching subject (β=.15).

Conclusion

To enhance the competency of nursing faculty for effective patient safety education, a patient safety education program tailored to faculty characteristics should be developed and continuously provided for faculty. In addition, it is necessary to improve patient safety curriculum, strengthen clinical and school linkages, and utilize various education methods in patient safety education.

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Factors influencing patient safety competency in baccalaureate nursing students: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Shinae Ahn
Nurse Education Today.2025; 145: 106498. CrossRef
Transcultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Nursing Student Competence Scale (NSCS)
Amir Jalali, Fatemeh Chavoshani, Raheleh Rasad, Niloufar Darvishi, Fatemeh Merati Fashi, Mahbod Khodamorovati, Khalil Moradi
SAGE Open Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Minna Koskimäki, Marja‐Leena Lähteenmäki, Kristina Mikkonen, Maria Kääriäinen, Camilla Koskinen, Hanne Mäki‐Hakola, Tuulikki Sjögren, Meeri Koivula
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Yoonjung Ji, Hyeonkyeong Lee, Taewha Lee, Mona Choi, Hyejung Lee, Sanghee Kim, Hyunok Kim Do, Sunah Kim, Sang Hui Chu, Jeongok Park, Young Man Kim, Soyoon Park
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Nam-Ju Lee, Shinae Ahn, Miseon Lee, Haena Jang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(5): 488. CrossRef
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S. E. Lee, V. Susan Dathinten, H. Do
International Nursing Review.2020; 67(4): 512. CrossRef

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Development and Psychometric Testing of the Clinical Nursing Competency Scale for Clinical Preceptor Use (CNCS-CP): Eunmi Kwak, Heeyoung Oh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(4):419-431. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.4.419

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and establish the psychometric properties of a clinical nursing competency evaluation tool to be utilized by clinical preceptors.

Methods

The initial items were identified through in-depth literature review and field interviews based on a hybrid model. Content validation of the items was evaluated through three rounds of content validity testing. Participants were 34 clinical preceptors and 443 nursing students participating in clinical practice. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergence and discriminant validity, internal consistency and inter-rater reliability.

Results

The final scale consisted of 23 items and four factors, fundamental nursing skills performance, critical thinking skills based on the nursing process, basic nursing knowledge, and professional attitude; these factor explained 69.7% of the total variance. The analysis with multi-trait/multi-item matrix correlation coefficients yielded 100.0% and 95.7 % convergence and discriminant validity, respectively. Cronbach's alpha for the total items was .95. The four subscale model tested by confirmatory factor analysis was satisfactory. Inter-rater reliability ranged from .912 to .967.

Conclusion

This scale was found to be a reliable and valid instrument that clinical preceptors can apply for evaluating the clinical nursing competency of nursing students in clinical settings.

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Jianliang Zhou, Huixin Zhou, Zaoli Yang
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Hyun Sook Park, Eun Hee Choi, Gyung Duck Kim, Young Hee Kim, Mi Yang Jeon, Hyenam Hwang
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Development and Validation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Nursing Educators’ Role in Sri Lanka
Shyamamala S. Weerasekara, Jina Oh, Haeryun Cho, Mihae Im
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Kyung A Shin, Hyo Shin Kim, Sun Kyung Lee
The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2019; 51(2): 252. CrossRef

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Development of a Triage Competency Scale for Emergency Nurses: Sun Hee Moon, Yeon Hwan Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(3):362-374. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.3.362

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop a triage competency scale (TCS) for emergency nurses, and to evaluate its validity and reliability.

Methods

Preliminary items were derived based on the attributes and indicators elicited from a concept analysis study on triage competency. Ten experts assessed whether the preliminary items belonged to the construct factor and determined the appropriateness of each item. A revised questionnaire was administered to 250 nurses in 18 emergency departments to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Data analysis comprised item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, contrasted group validity, and criterion-related validity, including criterion-related validity of the problem solving method using video scenarios.

Results

The item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis yielded 5 factors with 30 items; the fit index of the derived model was good (χ ²/df =2.46, Root Mean squared Residual=.04, Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation=.08). Additionally, contrasted group validity was assessed. Participants were classified as novice, advanced beginner, competent, and proficient, and significant differences were observed in the mean score for each group (F=6.02, p=.001). With reference to criterion-related validity, there was a positive correlation between scores on the TCS and the Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale (r=.48, p<.001). Further, the total score on the problem solving method using video scenarios was positively correlated with the TCS score (r=.13, p=.04). The Cronbach's α of the final model was .91.

Conclusion

Our TCS is useful for the objective assessment of triage competency among emergency nurses and the evaluation of triage education programs.

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Ji-Won Song, Hyung-Ran Park
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Won-Oak Oh, Myung-Jin Jung
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Korean Triage and Acuity Scale education using role-playing and its effects on triage competency: A quasi-experimental design
Yon Hee Seo, Sun-Og Lim, Vanessa Carels
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Linyuan Zhang, Bo Gao, Fang He, Chao Wu, Juan Du, Li Zhang, Juan Liang, Hongjuan Lang
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The Study of the Development of Efficacy Expectation Promoting Program and it's Effect for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patients: Ok Nam Hwang; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(3):544-555. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.3.544

Abstract PDF: The Study of the Development of Efficacy Expectation Promoting Program and it's Effect for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patients. This study was conducted to develop on Efficacy Expectation Promoting Program (EEPP) based on the Self-Efficacy Theory of Bandura for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patient(CSCIP), and invesgated it's effects. The research process of this study was done in three phases. The first phase was an analysis of the patient's life experience. The second phase was to develop an Efficacy Expectation Promoting VTR Tape Program(EEPP) that reflected the life experience of the CSCIPs. EEPP was composed Performance Accomplishment and Vicarious Experience with a home visitation program based on Verbal Persuation, which are all induction modes of efficacy expectation of Bandura. The third phase was an experimental stage. The experimental design was an AB Single Experimental Design. Research subjects were three CSCIPs(cer-vical area 5-7). The data was collected from 24th June to 22th Oct, 1995. The result of the experimentation showed great increase self-efficacy score, subject self-care score, all competence of daily living score, and social activities. In conclusion, it was found that an EEPP is an effective home nursing intervention technique for rehabilitation of CSCIPs.

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The Effects of Violence Coping Program Based on Middle-Range Theory of Resilience on Emergency Room Nurses’ Resilience, Violence Coping, Nursing Competency and Burnout: Seung Min Lee, Kyung Mi Sung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):332-344. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.332

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a violence coping program (VCP) based on Polk's middle-range theory of resilience on nursing competency, resilience, burnout, and the ability to cope with violence in nurses working in emergency rooms.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study, with a nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design, was conducted. Participants were 36 nurses who worked in emergency rooms and had experienced violence; 18 nurses from D hospital and 18 nurses from C hospital were assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group received the VCP twice per week for 8 weeks.

Results

Levels of resilience, F=59.41, p<.001, active coping behavior, c²=33.09, p<.001, and nursing competency, F=59.41 p<.001, increased significantly and levels of passive coping behavior, c²=22.92, p<.001, and burnout, F=52.74, p<.001, decreased significantly in the experimental group.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the VCP could be an effective strategy for reducing burnout and improving resilience, active coping behavior, and nursing competency. Therefore, it would be a useful intervention for improving the quality of nursing care provided in emergency rooms.

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Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale: Mi Ja Chung, Youngrye Park, Young Eun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):871-880. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.871

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (K-SCCS).

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used. The K-SCCS consisted of 26 questions to measure spiritual care competence of nurses. Participants, 228 nurses who had more than 3 years'experience as a nurse, completed the survey. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity and correlations of K-SCCS and spiritual well-being (SWB) were used to examine the criterion validity of K-SCCS. Cronbach's alpha was used to test internal consistency.

Results

The construct and the criterion-related validity of K-SCCS were supported as measures of spiritual care competence. Cronbach's alpha was .95. Factor loadings of the 26 questions ranged from .60 to .96. Construct validity of K-SCCS was verified by confirmatory factor analysis (RMSEA=.08, CFI=.90, NFI=.85). Criterion validity compared to the SWB showed significant correlation (r=.44, p<.001).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that K-SCCS serves as an appropriate measure of spiritual care competence with validity and reliability. However, further study is needed to retest the verification of the factor analysis related to factor 2 (professionalisation and improving the quality of spiritual care) and factor 3 (personal support and patient counseling). Therefore, we recommend using the total score without distinguishing subscales.

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Development of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses Caring for Preterm Infants: Jeong Soon Kim, Hee Sun Shin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):793-803. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.793

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Developmental care has been recognized as a very important component for the development and health promotion of preterm infants. However, research on how to assess developmental nursing competency has not been studied as expected. This study was done to develop and evaluate a new scale to measure nursing competency for developmental support of preterm infants.

Methods

Concept analysis was done with using the Hybrid model of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim (2000), from which a preliminary new scale (30 items) was developed. To test the validity and reliability of the new scale being developed, data were collected from 122 NICU nurses at 4 hospitals in 3 cities in the Republic of Korea, from December, 2014 to March, 2015.

Results

The final version of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses (DSCS-N) caring for premature infants was a 4-point Likert type scale, consisting of 19 items, and categorized as 6 factors, explaining 62.5% of the total variance. Each of the factors were named as follows; ‘environmental support’ (4 items), ‘parental support’ (3 items), ‘interaction’ (3 items), ‘critical thinking’ (3 items), ‘professional development’ (3 items), and ‘partnership’ (3 items). The Cronbach's α coefficient for the scale was .83 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .60~.76.

Conclusion

The psychometric evaluation of the new scale demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability. Findings indicate that the DSCS-N can be used as the tool to test the effect of educational programs for nurses and contribute to advance developmental care for preterm infants.

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Development and Effects of Assertiveness Training applying Dongsasub Training for Nursing Students in Clinical Practice: Myoungsuk Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(4):490-500. Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.4.490

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to develop assertiveness training applying Dongsasub training for junior nursing students, and to verify effectiveness of the training on assertiveness behavior, self-esteem, clinical practice stress, and clinical competence.

Methods

The study design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were 63 nursing students in clinical training (31 students in the experimental group and 32 students in the control group). The assertiveness training applying Dongsasub training consisted of four sessions. Outcome variables included assertiveness behavior, self-esteem, clinical practice stress, and clinical competence. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test and independent samples t-test with SPSS/WIN 21.0.

Results

Scores of assertiveness behavior (t=-2.49, p=.015), self-esteem (t=-4.80, p<.001) and clinical competence (t=-2.33, p=.023) were significantly higher and clinical practice stress (t=4.22, p<.001) was significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Results indicate that the assertiveness training applying Dongsasub training can be used as a nursing intervention to lower clinical practice stress and improve the clinical competence of nursing students.

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A Study on the Classification of Nursing Management Competencies and Development of related Behavioral Indicators in Hospitals: Seong Yeol Kim, Jong Kyung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):375-389. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.375

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to classify nursing management competencies and develop behavioral indicators for nurse managers in hospitals. Also, levels of importance and performance based on developed criteria were to be identified and compared.

Methods

Using expert survey we classified nursing management competencies and behavioral indicators with data from 34 nurse managers and professors. Subsequently, data from a survey of 216 nurse managers in 7 cities was used to analyze the importance-performance comparison of the classified nursing management competencies and behavioral indicators.

Results

Forty-two nursing management competencies were identified together with 181 behavioral indicators. The mean score for importance of nursing management competency was higher than the mean score for performance. According to the importance-performance analysis, 5 of the 42 nursing management competencies require further development: vision-building, analysis, change management, human resource development, and self-management competency.

Conclusion

The classification of nursing management competencies and behavioral indicators for nurse managers in hospitals provides basic data for the development and evaluation of programs designed to increase the competency of nurse managers in hospitals

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Gyeongja Kang, Jeong Hee Kim
Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2017; 23(3): 252. CrossRef

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Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Transcultural Self-efficacy Scale for Nurses: Won-Oak Oh, Eun Sook Park, Min Hyun Suk, Yeo Jin Im; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(2):293-304. Published online April 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.2.293

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This methodological study was conducted to develop and psychometrically test the Transcultural Self-efficacy scale (TCSEscale) for nurses.

Methods

Initial 41 items for the TCSE-scale were generated based on extensive literature reviews and in-depth interviews with 18 nurses who had experience in caring for foreign patients. Cultural Competence and Confidence model was used as a conceptual framework. Content validity was evaluated by an expert panel. Psychometric testing was performed with a convenience sample of 242 nurses recruited from four general hospitals in the Seoul metropolitan area and Gyeonggi-do province of South Korea. To evaluate the reliability of TCSE-scale, a test-retest reliability and an internal consistency reliability were analyzed. Construct validity, concurrent validity, criterion validity, convergent validity and discriminative validity were used to evaluate the validity.

Results

The 25-item TCSE-scale was found to have three subscales-Cognitive, Practical, and Affective domain-explaining 91.5% of the total variance. TCSE-scale also demonstrated a concurrent validity with the Cultural Competence Scale. Criterion-related validity was supported by known-group comparison. Reliability analysis showed an acceptable-to-high Cronbach's alpha-.88 in total, and subscales ranged from .76 to .87. The ICC was .90, indicating that the TCSE-scale has internal consistency and stability of reliability.

Conclusion

This preliminary evaluation of the psychometric scale properties demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability. The TCSE-scale is able to contribute to building up empirical and evidence based on data collection regarding the transcultural self-efficacy of clinical nurses. We suggest further testing of the applicability of TCSE-scale in different settings and community contexts.

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Semi Lee, Hyunkyung Choi
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Young-Ran Han, Yeo-Won Jeong
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Kyung Won Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Young Hee Kim, Hyun Kyoung Kim, Hae Sook Park, Sun Hee Lee, Geum Hee Jeong
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Development of a Cultural Competence Scale for Nursing Students: Seok-Young Han, Hyang-In Cho Chung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(5):684-693. Published online October 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.5.684

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This methodological study was conducted to develop and test a cultural competence scale for nursing students.

Methods

Based on the five constructs of cultural competency identified in the conceptual analysis of Suh, 76 items for the tool were derived initially. These items were reduced to 58 items after content validity tests (two times) by 6 multicultural experts. Data collected from 526 nursing students were utilized to test the validity and reliability of the preliminary tool. Item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha were used for the analysis.

Results

Twenty-seven items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 5 factors explaining 62.1% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha was .91 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .76 to .91. Criterion validity between the developed tool and empathy (r=.26, p <.001) was significant.

Conclusion

The results show that this scale can provide scientific and empirical data when evaluating the effectiveness of school curriculums or multicultural empowerment programs regarding cultural competence of nursing students.

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Development and Effects of Emotional Intelligence Program for Undergraduate Nursing Students: Mixed Methods Research: Oi Sun Lee, Mee Ock Gu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(6):682-696. Published online December 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.682

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to develop and test the effects of an emotional intelligence program for undergraduate nursing students.

Methods

The study design was a mixed method research. Participants were 36 nursing students (intervention group: 17, control group: 19). The emotional intelligence program was provided for 4 weeks (8 sessions, 20 hours). Data were collected between August 6 and October 4, 2013. Quantitative data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and paired t-test with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results

Quantitative results showed that emotional intelligence, communication skills, resilience, stress coping strategy, and clinical competence were significantly better in the experimental group compared to the control group. According to the qualitative results, the nursing students experienced improvement in emotional intelligence, interpersonal relationships, and empowerment, as well as a reduction in clinical practice stress after participation in the emotional intelligence program.

Conclusion

Study findings indicate that the emotional intelligence program for undergraduate nursing students is effective and can be recommended as an intervention for improving the clinical competence of undergraduate students in a nursing curriculum.

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Factors Affecting Social Competence in School-aged Children according to Alcohol Consumption by Parents': Jin-A Lee, Young-Ran Kweon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(5):495-503. Published online October 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.495

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the social competence of school-aged children according alcohol consumption by their parents.

Methods

The participants were 558 5th grade elementary school students. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from September 17 to October 2 2013, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ²-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis with the SPSS PC+ 21.0 program.

Results

Participants were classified into three groups according to alcohol use; Non-use parent group (52.7%), social use parent group (31.0%), and problem use parent group (16.3%). Participants whose parents were problem users had significantly lower scores on emotional awareness and expression (F=14.45, p<.001), social support (F=5.82, p=.003), and social competence (F=16.33, p<.001) compared to students in the other two groups. In school-aged children with parents who were alcohol abusers, the variables that predicted social competence was friend support (66.0%).

Conclusion

These results emphasize the importance of focusing on the crucial role of peer support in the development of social competence in school-aged children of parents who abuse alcohol. Further, for these children, interventions aimed at improving social support and children's emotional awareness and expression may be most beneficial.

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A Review on the Use of Effect Size in Nursing Research
Hyuncheol Kang, Kyupil Yeon, Sang-Tae Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(5): 641. CrossRef

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Effects of a Multicultural Education Program on the Cultural Competence, Empathy and Self-efficacy of Nursing Students: Eun-Hee Peek, Chai-Soon Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):690-696. Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.690

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to examine the effects of a multicultural education program on nursing students' cultural competence, empathy, and self-efficacy.

Methods

In this quasi-experimental study, the participants were assigned to an experimental group (n=40) or a control group (n=40). The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and paired t-test with the SPSS windows 18.0 program.

Results

After receiving the multicultural education program, the levels of cultural competence and self-efficacy in the experimental group were higher than in the control group. The level of empathy increased slightly in the experimental group while it decreased in the control group.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that multicultural education is effective in raising the level of cultural competence and self-efficacy in nursing students. Thus, there is a need for continuous effort to integrate multicultural education programs in the nursing curriculum. Repeated study to test effects of these multicultural education programs should be also necessary.

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Effects of a Cultural Competence Promotion Program for Multicultural Maternity Nursing Care: Case-based Small Group Learning: Myung-Sook Park, Young-Ran Kweon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):626-635. Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.626

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a cultural competence improvement program for maternity nurses.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pre and posttest design was used. Participants were 67 maternity nurses caring for multicultural pregnant women in G city. The cultural competence improvement program was developed based on the 3-D Puzzle Model and was provided using case-based small group learning methods for the experimental group (n=31). The control group (n=36) did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires at two time points: prior to the intervention and after the intervention and were analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ²-test, and t-test.

Results

Compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significant positive changes for cultural knowledge (t=6.39, p<.001), cultural awareness (t=3.50, p<.001), and cultural acceptance (t=4.08, p<.001). However, change in cultural nursing behaviors (t=0.92, p=.067) was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

Findings from this study indicate that a cultural competence improvement program with case-based small group learning is a useful intervention strategy to promote multicultural maternity care. Further, strategies to improve cultural nursing behavior should be developed to promote culturally congruent nursing care.

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Nursing educators' experiences of cultural competence in the nursing education program: A qualitative descriptive study
Fatemeh Darban, Jamileh Farokhzadian, Monirsadat Nematollahi, Nastaran Heydarikhayat, Motahareh Faramarzpour
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Ella T. Heitzler
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Byoung-Sook Lee, Min-Young Kim
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Myeong Jeong Chae, Jin-il Kim, Jin Hee Lee
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Yeon-Soon Kim, Jin-Young Kim
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Development and Validation of a Tool for Evaluating Core Competencies in Nursing Cancer Patients on Chemotherapy: Sung Hae Kim, Jae Hyun Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(5):632-643. Published online October 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.5.632

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to develop tool to evaluate the core competencies regarding nursing cancer patients on chemotherapy, and to verify the reliability and efficacy of the developed tool.

Methods

A tool to evaluate the core competencies was developed from a preliminary tool consisting of 112 items verified by expert groups. The adequacy of the preliminary tool was analyzed and refined to the final evaluation tool containing 76 items in 8 core competencies and 18 specific competencies. The evaluation tool is in the form of a self-report, and each item is evaluated according to a 3-point scale. From September 22 to October 14, 2011, 349 survey responses were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and the WINSTEPS program that employs the Rasch model.

Results

Results indicated that there were no inappropriate items and the items had low levels of difficulty in comparison with the knowledge levels of the study participants. The results of factor analysis yielded 18 factors, and the reliability of the tools was very high with Cronbach's α=.97.

Conclusion

The results of this study can be used for training and evaluation of core competencies for nursing cancer patients, and for standardizing nursing practices associated with chemotherapy.

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Development and Effectiveness of a Spiritual Care Education Program for Nursing Students - Based on the ASSET Model: Mi Ja Chung, Young Eun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(5):673-683. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.673

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to develop a spiritual care education program (SCEP) for nursing students to help increase their awareness of the essence of spirituality in care so as to enable them to promote spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence.

Methods

The participants were assigned to an experimental group (n=42) or a control group (n=39). From August to October 2009, the experimental group participated in the SCEP, which were held 2 hours a week for 6 weeks. The data were analyzed using χ²-test, Fisher's exact probability test, paired t-test, t-test with the SPSS WIN 17.0 statistics program.

Results

The experimental group had a higher mean score for spirituality, spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence than the control group. Significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that the SCEP was effective in improving spirituality, spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence for nursing students.

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Effects of Teaching Method using Standardized Patients on Nursing Competence in Subcutaneous Injection, Self-Directed Learning Readiness, and Problem Solving Ability: Mi-Ran Eom, Hyun-Sook Kim, Eun-Kyung Kim, Kayeon Seong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(2):151-160. Published online April 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.2.151

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of teaching method using Standardized Patients (SPs) on nursing competence, self-directed learning readiness, and problem solving ability-focusing on subcutaneous insulin injection.

Methods

This research was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized post-test design. The subjects consisted of 62 junior nursing students at E University. Scenarios to train SPs and checklists to evaluate the students' competence were developed by our research team. The experimental group (n=31) participated in the teaching class using SPs. The control group (n=31) received traditional practice education. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, χ²/Fisher's exact test, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's α using SPSS WIN 14.0 Program.

Results

The mean scores of competence, self-directed learning readiness, and problem solving were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group.

Conclusion

As confirmed by this research findings, the teaching method using SPs was more effective than the traditional method to improve junior nursing students' competence, self-directed learning readiness, and problem solving. Therefore, It is necessary to develop a various of scenarios and to testify their effectiveness.

Citations

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Critical Thinking Disposition and Clinical Competence in General Hospital Nurses: Jin-Ah Park, Bog-Ja Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(6):840-850. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.6.840

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to investigate the relationship between critical thinking disposition and clinical competence among nurses in general hospitals.

Methods

This study was a descriptive-correlational study with a convenience sample of 560 nurses from 5 general hospitals. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Critical thinking disposition was measured using the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale for Nursing Students. Clinical competence was measured using the Standardized Nurse Performance Appraisal Tool.

Results

The mean score for critical thinking disposition and clinical competence was 3.37 and 4.10 respectively on a 5 point scale. A statistically significant correlation was found between critical thinking disposition and clinical competence. A regression model explained 72.8% of clinical competence. Prudence is the most significant predictor of clinical competence (R²=.728).

Conclusion

Study findings suggest that nurses with a higher level of critical thinking disposition would have a higher level of clinical competence. Furthermore, prudence might be the most important predictor of clinical competence. In order to strengthen clinical competence in nurses, the development and enhancement of critical thinking should be emphasized at the college level and nurses should be encouraged to make a clinical decision with greater prudence.

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Role of Self-Leadership in the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Informatics Competency: Myoung Soo Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(5):731-740. Published online October 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.5.731

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating and mediating effects of self-leadership in the relationship between organizational culture and nurses' informatics competency.

Methods

Participants in this study were 297 nurses from the cities of Busan and Ulsan. The scales of organizational culture, self-leadership and informatics competency for nurses were used in this study. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis.

Results

Nursing informatics competency of the participants was relatively low with a mean score 3.02. There were significant positive correlations between subcategories of perceived organizational culture, self-leadership and nursing informatics competency. Self-leadership was a moderator and a mediator between organizational culture and informatics competency.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, self-leadership promotion strategies to improve nursing informatics competency are needed.

Citations

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Validity and Reliability of a Clinical Performance Examination using Standardized Patients: Ja Yun Choi, Keum Seong Jang, Soon Hee Choi, Mi Soon Hong; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2008;38(1):83-91. Published online February 28, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.83

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test the validity of a modified clinical performance examination (CPX) for preclinical students in nursing.

Methods

70 nursing students in their second semester of the junior year at C University participated in CPX. Scenarios and checklists were developed by our research team from September to October 2005. Six stations were organized. Evaluation included physical examination of a patient with lung cancer, education on usage of a metered dosage inhaler, and lobectomy postoperative care. Students were randomly assigned to a station

Results

There was a difference in the CPX scores according to stations. The agreement of scoring between trained faculty members and SPs was more than moderate (r=.647). The correlation between the CPX score and the average grade in the previous semester and between the CPX score and the average grade of a paper and pen test of the pulmonary system of adults was low (r=.276; r=.048).

Conclusion

Traditional CPX is generally recommended, however, modified CPX is appropriate for preclinical students in the current Korean Nursing school setting if there are additional scoring systems to balance the testing level at each station.

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The Effects of a Weight Control Program with Competence: Yeong Mi Seo, Sun Lim Suh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(7):1177-1183. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.7.1177

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a weight control program and compliancy in overweight women.

Method

This program was composed of strategies to modify diet and exercise and to change compliance and self determination over an 8 week period. The subjects were 19 overweight women who participated in our project voluntarily. Data was collected from May 4 to Jun 30 of 2007. The program consisted of regular rapid walking exercise, diet, mobile phone messages and e-mail. The data was analyzed by Repeated Measures ANOVA using the SPSS WIN program.

Result

According to 3 assessment periods, there were significant differences in body weight, body mass index, and compliance. There were no significant differences in self determination.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that more intensive interventions may be needed to demonstrate a change in self determination.

Citations

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