1차의과학대학교 간호대학
2전북대학교 간호대학, 간호과학연구소
3순천향대학교 간호학과
4연세대학교 간호대학, 김모임 간호과학연구소
5아주대학교 간호대학, 간호과학연구소
6가톨릭대학교 간호대학
1College of Nursing, CHA University, Pocheon, Korea
2College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
3School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
4College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
5College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
6College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
© 2025 Korean Society of Nursing Science
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.
Conflicts of Interest
This study was conducted as part of the activities of the Policy Special Committee for Korean Nurses Licensing Examination under the Korean Society of Nursing Science, which also provided financial support for the research process. Nevertheless, the study was conducted independently and rigorously based on academic and scientific principles.
Soyoung Yu has been the editorial board member of JKAN since 2024 but has no role in the review process. Except for that, no potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Acknowledgements
None.
Funding
This study was supported by the Korean Society of Nursing Science and Soonchunhyang University in 2025.
Data Sharing Statement
Please contact the corresponding author for data availability.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization or/and Methodology: SY, HYK, JIK, JES, HYL, JHL. Data curation or/and Analysis: SY, HYK, JIK, JES, HYL, JHL. Funding acquisition: JIK. Investigation: SY, HYK, JIK, JES, HYL, JHL. Project administration or/and Supervision: SY, HYK, JIK, JES, HYL, JHL. Resources or/and Software: SY, HYK, JIK, JES, HYL, JHL. Validation: SY, HYK, JIK, JES, HYL, JHL. Visualization: SY, HYK, JIK, JES, HYL, JHL. Writing: original draft or/and Review & Editing: SY, HYK, JIK, JES, HYL, JHL. Final approval of the manuscript: all authors.
AACN, American Association of Colleges of Nursing; BE, Belgium; CA, Canada; ICN, International Council of Nurses; JANPU, Japanese Association of Nursing Programs in Universities; KABONE, Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education; NL, Netherlands; NMC, The Nursing & Midwifery Council; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States.
AACN, American Association of Colleges of Nursing; BE, Belgium; CA, Canada; ICN, International Council of Nurses; JANPU, Japanese Association of Nursing Programs in Universities; KABONE, Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education; NL, Netherlands; NMC, The Nursing and Midwifery; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States.
Clinical performance & decision-making | Professional attitudes & ethics | Communication & interpersonal skills | Leadership & teamwork | Education & research | Quality improvement & safety | Health promotion & prevention | Organization & planning of nursing care | Information technology & digital health | Self-management & patient competency improvement | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KABONE (2022) | Ability to integrate nursing knowledge & skills | Ability to perceive legal & ethical responsibilities | Ability to communicate & collaborate across disciplines | Leadership skills | Ability to conduct research | - | - | - | - | Ability to respond to changes in global healthcare policies |
ICN Framework (2008) | Assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation | Accountability, ethical practice, legal practice | Therapeutic communication & interpersonal relationships | Leadership & management | Enhancement of profession, continuing education | Safe environment, quality improvement | Promotion of health | - | - | - |
AACN (2021) | Knowledge for nursing practice, person-centered care | Professionalism | - | Personal, professional, & leadership development | Scholarship for nursing discipline | Quality & safety | Population health | Systems-based practice | Informatics & healthcare technologies | - |
Tuning model (2023) | Nursing practice & clinical decision-making | Professional values & the role of the nurse | Communication & interpersonal competences | Leadership, management, & team competences | Knowledge & cognitive competences | - | - | - | - | - |
NMC (2019) | Nursing practice & decision making | Professional values | Communication & interpersonal skills | Leadership, management & team working | - | - | - | - | - | - |
NL, BE, CA, UK, US (2023) | Clinical care in practice | Professional attitude | Communication & collaboration | Leadership | Training & (continuing) education | Quality & safety of care | Health promotion & prevention | Organization & planning of care | Technology & e-Health | Support of self-management & patient empowerment |
Australia Nursing Competency | Provision & coordination of care | Professional practice | Collaborative & therapeutic practice | - | Critical thinking & analysis | - | - | - | - | - |
JANPU | Practice skills in evidence-based nursing & fundamentals of care | Ability to continue research as a professional | Practice skills related to the nursing environment & teamwork | - | Basic ability to holistically understand the subject | - | Practice skills in responding to specific health issues | - | - | - |
Serafin (2020) | Knowledge & the ability to use it in practice, decision-making | - | Communication skills, coping with stress & empathy | Teamwork | - | - | - | - | - | Openness to development |
Willman (2020) | Direct clinical practice, critical thinking | Ethical decision-making, professional development | - | Clinical leadership, cooperation & consultation | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Cheng (2021) | Clinical capability, cognitive capability | Professional capability | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Gardulf (2019) | Nursing care, value-based nursing care, medical & technical care | Legislation in nursing & safety planning | - | Leadership in & development of nursing | Education & supervision of staff & students, teaching/learning & support | - | - | - | Documentation & information technology | - |
Kielė (2024) | Patient-/ family-/ person-centered care, initiating & implementing patient care | Ethical competence | Interprofessional team work & communication | Nursing leadership | Learning from & teaching others | Evidence-based practice | Cultural care | - | Medical informatics & documentation | - |
Liu (2023) | Basic practical ability, ability to solve post nursing problems, critical thinking ability | Professional post-nursing ability | - | - | Nursing scientific research ability, learning ability | Post-practice & innovation ability | - | Organization & coordination ability | - | - |
Ma (2023) | Clinical nursing competence, critical clinical thinking competence | Professional construction & development competence | Supportive & interpersonal communication competence | - | - | - | - | - | - | Good personal attributes |
Numminen (2017) | Diagnostic functions, therapeutic interventions | Work role | Helping role | - | Teaching-coaching | Ensuring quality | - | Managing situation | - | - |
Tong (2024) | Clinical nursing | Legal & ethical practice | Interpersonal relationship | Leadership | Education & consultation, critical thinking & research competence | - | - | - | - | Professional development |
Wan (2023) | Assessment & intervention skills, critical thinking skills | - | Interpersonal skills | Leadership skills | Teaching skills | - | - | Management skills | Knowledge integration skills | - |
Classification | Examples of PO statements | Total | Fourth-cycle accredited universities (n=127a)) | Third-cycle accredited universities (n=59a)) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fourth-cycle POs | ||||
1. Knowledge of nursing practice | Apply integrated knowledge from nursing studies and various academic fields. | 183 (98.4) | 124 (97.6) | 59 (100.0) |
2. Patient-centered nursing (e.g., critical thinking, nursing process) | Provide nursing care appropriate to the situation through clinical reasoning. | 183 (98.4) | 124 (97.6) | 59 (100.0) |
3. Population health | Manage population health within the healthcare system. | 161 (86.6) | 113 (89.0) | 48 (81.4) |
4. Legal and ethical standards (including professional standards) | Perform nursing care in accordance with legal and ethical standards. | 186 (100.0) | 127 (100.0) | 59 (100.0) |
5. Safety and quality | Apply the principles of safety and quality improvement. | 161 (86.6) | 112 (88.2) | 49 (83.1) |
6. Interprofessional partnership (healthcare team cooperation) | Cooperate with the healthcare team to promote health and solve health-related problems. | 168 (90.3) | 116 (91.3) | 52 (88.1) |
7. Professionalism and leadership | Develop leadership for personal and professional development. | 186 (100.0) | 127 (100.0) | 59 (100.0) |
8. ICT and healthcare technology | Apply ICT and the latest healthcare technology. | 162 (87.1) | 112 (88.2) | 52 (88.1) |
Third-cycle POs | ||||
1. Core nursing skills | Select and perform core nursing skills appropriate to clinical situations. | 26 (14.0) | 16 (12.6) | 10 (16.9) |
2. (Therapeutic) Communication | Apply therapeutic communication skills through verbal and non-verbal interactions. | 32 (17.2) | 22 (17.3) | 10 (16.9) |
3. Research | Participate in scientific research activities. | 23 (12.4) | 15 (11.8) | 8 (13.6) |
School-specific POs | ||||
1. Bioethics | Recognize the value of life and practice bioethics. | 2 (1.1) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.7) |
2. Spiritual care | Provide spiritual care based on a holistic understanding of human beings. | 11 (6.0) | 8 (6.3) | 3 (5.1) |
3. Global competence | Understand global nursing and practice cultural competence. | 26 (14.0) | 15 (11.8) | 11 (18.6) |
4. Self-leadership | Enhance adaptability to the nursing environment and continuously develop oneself. | 4 (2.2) | 2 (1.6) | 2 (3.4) |
5. Care and calling | Realize the value of caring based on a sense of calling and respect for human beings. | 8 (4.3) | 6 (4.7) | 2 (3.4) |
6. Inclusive character development | Cultivate inclusive character and artistic sensitivity to practice nursing care that values differences. | 9 (4.8) | 8 (6.3) | 1 (1.7) |
7. Self-direction | Demonstrate self-direction in cultivating nursing knowledge and skills. | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) |
6. Rehabilitation care | Apply the principles of rehabilitation care in nursing practice. | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) |
7. Service practice | Practice service for individuals, families, and local communities. | 6 (3.2) | 6 (4.7) | 0 (0) |
Competencies for pre-registered nursesa) | Core domains | PO | PO no. |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical performance and decision-making | Knowledge of nursing practice | Apply integrated knowledge from nursing studies and various academic fields. | PO1 |
Patient-centered nursing | Provide nursing care appropriate to the situation through clinical reasoning. | PO2 | |
Professional attitudes and ethics | Legal and ethical standards | Perform nursing care in accordance with legal and ethical standards. | PO4 |
Communication and interpersonal skills | Interprofessional partnership | Cooperate with the healthcare team to promote health and solve health-related problems. | PO6 |
Leadership and teamwork | Professionalism and leadership | Develop leadership for personal and professional development. | PO7 |
Interprofessional partnership | Cooperate with the healthcare team to promote health and solve health-related problems. | PO6 | |
Education and researchb) | |||
Quality improvement and safety | Safety and quality | Apply the principles of safety and quality improvement. | PO5 |
Health promotion and prevention | Population health | Manage population health within the healthcare system. | PO3 |
Organization and planning of nursingb) | |||
Information technology and digital health | ICT and healthcare technology | Apply ICT and the latest healthcare technology. | PO8 |
Self-management and patient competency improvementb) |
Ref. no. | Institution or fist author | Core competency | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical performance and decision-making | Professional attitudes and ethics | Communication and interpersonal skills | Leadership and teamwork | Education and research | Quality improvement and safety | Health promotion and prevention | Organization and planning of nursing care | Information technology and digital health | Self-management and patient competency improvement | ||
S13 | KABONE (2022) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||||
S11 | ICN Framework (2008) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||
S15 | AACN (2021) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||
S16 | Tuning Model (2023) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||||
S12 | NMC (2019) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||||||
S14 | NL, BE, CA, UK, US (2023) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
S17 | Australia Nursing Competency | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||||||
S18 | JANPU | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||||
S2 | Serafin (2020) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||||||
S3 | Willman (2020) | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||||||
S1 | Cheng (2021) | ○ | ○ | ||||||||
S4 | Gardulf (2019) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||||
S5 | Kielė (2024) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||
S6 | Liu (2023) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||||
S7 | Ma (2023) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||||||
S8 | Numminen (2017) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||||
S9 | Tong (2024) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||||
S10 | Wan (2023) | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ |
Characteristic | Category | No. (%) |
---|---|---|
School type | University | 112 (57.4) |
Community college | 83 (42.6) | |
PO announcement status | Announced on homepage | 185 (94.9) |
Not announced on homepage | 10 (5.1) | |
Accreditation status | Completed third-cycle accreditation | 64 (32.8) |
Announced on homepage | 58 (29.7) | |
Not announced on homepage | 6 (3.1) | |
Completed fourth-cycle accreditation | 131 (67.2) | |
Announced on homepage | 127 (65.1) | |
Not announced on homepage | 4 (2.1) | |
Region | Seoul/Gyeonggi | 36 (18.5) |
Gyeongsang | 34 (17.5) | |
Chungcheong | 28 (14.4) | |
Jeolla | 25 (12.9) | |
Busan | 16 (8.2) | |
Gangwon | 13 (6.7) | |
Gwangju | 12 (6.2) | |
Daegu | 10 (5.1) | |
Daejeon | 10 (5.1) | |
Incheon | 5 (2.6) | |
Ulsan | 3 (1.5) | |
Jeju | 3 (1.5) |
AACN, American Association of Colleges of Nursing; BE, Belgium; CA, Canada; ICN, International Council of Nurses; JANPU, Japanese Association of Nursing Programs in Universities; KABONE, Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education; NL, Netherlands; NMC, The Nursing & Midwifery Council; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States.
Values are presented as number (%). ICT, information and communication technology; PO, program learning outcome. a)The number of nursing schools whose POs are disclosed on their websites or whose PO information was identified through direct contact.
The program learning outcomes are presented in the Fourth-Cycle Accreditation Evaluation Manual, page 43. ICT, information and communication technology; PO, program learning outcome. a)Competencies for pre-registered nurses derived from the literature review. b)Competencies with no linked POs.
AACN, American Association of Colleges of Nursing; BE, Belgium; CA, Canada; ICN, International Council of Nurses; JANPU, Japanese Association of Nursing Programs in Universities; KABONE, Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education; NL, Netherlands; NMC, The Nursing and Midwifery; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States.
PO, program learning outcome.