Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Psychometric testing of the Korean version of the Undergraduate Nursing Student Academic Satisfaction Scale: a methodological study: Da-In Park, Joohee Shim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2026;56(1):51-66. Published online February 9, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25125

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Undergraduate Nursing Student Academic Satisfaction Scale (K-UNSASS).
Methods
The K-UNSASS was developed using Brislin’s team-based translation–back-translation approach, with semantic and conceptual equivalence examined. Face validity was assessed, and a pilot test was conducted in November 2022. Content validity was evaluated by an expert panel. Formal data collection was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023. Structural validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients.
Results
A total of 482 full-time nursing students, most of whom were in the fourth year of their nursing program, were included in the psychometric testing. Construct validity supported a four-factor structure accounting for 65.9% of the total variance. After removal of three items with unsatisfactory factor loadings, a 45-item K-UNSASS was established. Confirmatory factor analysis of the 45-item K-UNSASS demonstrated an acceptable model fit, and both Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients were .97.
Conclusion
The K-UNSASS demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity for assessing academic satisfaction among Korean nursing students. As a culturally relevant instrument, it supports educational improvement through targeted strategies and program evaluation.

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Multidimensional factors influencing the completion of advance directives among community-dwelling older Koreans: Hee-Ju Ji, Soong-Nang Jang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(4):543-556. Published online November 18, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25098

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to examine the multidimensional factors associated with the completion of advance directives (ADs) among community-dwelling older Koreans, guided by conceptual frameworks developed in Asian contexts.
Methods
Data from the 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans (sixth wave) were analyzed for 9,951 community-dwelling older Koreans aged 65 years or older. Complex sample cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Results
In total, 11.1% of community-dwelling older Koreans had completed an AD. Significant factors associated with AD completion were identified across four domains—personal situation: age, educational level, religion, and housing preference in the event of poor health; socio-cultural: presence of children, participation in social activities and satisfaction with social relationships; physical and illness: the number of chronic diseases; and value system: awareness of hospice and palliative services, participation in death preparedness education, and documentation of organ donation.
Conclusion
Among older Koreans, AD completion represents more than a documentation process; it reflects a complex decision-making process shaped by their values and life circumstances, underscoring the need for supportive interventions. As the highest AD completion rates are found among older adults, related policies should be aligned with older adult-centered policy frameworks.

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Effects of presenteeism on turnover intention in clinical nurses through the serial mediating roles of missed nursing care and job satisfaction: a cross-sectional predictive correlational study: Hyeonseon Cheon, Seok Hee Jeong, Hyun Kyung Kim, Hyoung Eun Chang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(4):584-597. Published online November 10, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25015

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the two-mediator serial mediation effect of missed nursing care and job satisfaction on the relationship between presenteeism and turnover intention in clinical nurses.
Methods
A cross-sectional predictive correlational study was conducted, and the participants were 208 clinical nurses working in advanced general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected from October 6 to November 7, 2023 using self-reported questionnaires, including general characteristics, presenteeism, missed nursing care, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN ver. 29.0 and PROCESS macro ver. 4.2.
Results
Missed nursing care and job satisfaction exhibited a double mediating effect on the relationship between presenteeism and clinical nurses’ turnover intention. In addition, missed nursing care showed a mediating effect on the relationship between presenteeism and clinical nurses’ turnover intention. Job satisfaction had a mediating effect on the relationship between presenteeism and clinical nurses’ turnover intention. Presenteeism had a direct effect on missed nursing care, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Missed nursing care exerted a direct effect on job satisfaction and turnover intention among clinical nurses. Job satisfaction had a direct effect on turnover intention.
Conclusion
To reduce nurses’ turnover intention, it is essential to develop and implement programs focused on preventing presenteeism. Additionally, organizational initiatives should prioritize active support for nurses’ health management, alleviating the shortage of nursing staff, augmenting job satisfaction, and improving the overall working environment.

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Work system analysis of health management for individuals with disabilities in supportive housing: a focus group study using the SEIPS framework: Haesun Lee, Hye Jin Nam, Bohye Kim, Ju Young Yoon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(3):454-467. Published online August 4, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25018

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study conducted a work-system analysis using the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework to assess the flow of health-related information, and the current status of health management tasks for individuals with disabilities (IWD) in supportive housing.
Methods
This qualitative study utilized focus groups. Participants included a head of supportive housing, a team leader, a care coordinator and three personal support workers for IWD. Semi-structured interviews were guided by the SEIPS framework to explore the components of persons, tasks, tools and technology, organization, and environments.
Results
This study identified five key themes within the five SEIPS components: (1) disparities in role identity and health literacy among staff, (2) challenges in health care support reflecting a person-centered approach, (3) barriers in health-related information exchange and communication tools, (4) needs for organizational strategies or information communication, and (5) needs for integrating health-related information across external healthcare institutions. Additionally, 10 sub-themes were identified.
Conclusions
These findings provide a comprehensive system-wide perspective and offer insights into the systematic approaches needed to improve healthcare processes and structures within disability supportive housing. Specifically, healthcare providers and effective tools for integrating health-related information are identified as critical components.

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Factors influencing smartphone overdependence in university students: an ecological model: a descriptive study: Jeong Soon Yu, Myung Soon Kwon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):64-80. Published online February 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24092

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study investigated the factors influencing smartphone overdependence in university students using an ecological model and descriptive research.
Methods
Data were collected from 482 students at 13 universities in the six regions in South Korea from October 20, 2020, to March 25, 2021. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and hierarchical multiple regression.
Results
The significant ecological factors influencing smartphone overdependence included self-awareness of smartphone overdependence (β=.33, p<.001), autonomy (β=–.25, p<.001), average daily smartphone usage time (β=.18, p<.001), gender (β=.15, p=.001), college year (β=.15, p=.020), forming relationships with others as a motivation for smartphone use (β=–.15, p=.008), friend support (β=.14, p=.006), and age (β=–.12, p=.047). The model explained 34.9% of the variance.
Conclusion
The study emphasized the role of personal and interpersonal factors, in smartphone overdependence among university students. Tailored intervention strategies are necessary to address smartphone overdependence, considering the unique characteristics of students’ environments. A significant aspect of this study is that it provides an explanation of the multidimensional factors contributing to smartphone overdependence among university students, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental influences.

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Effect of the Spinning Babies Program on Birth Outcomes and Satisfaction during Labor: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial: Mi-Yeon Jeong, Hyang Mi Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):607-619. Published online November 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24097

Abstract PDF ePub

Purpose

This study evaluated the effects of the Spinning Babies program applied during labor on birth outcomes and satisfaction among pregnant women.

Methods

This non-equivalent control group, non-synchronized post-test only design study included 42 participants (22 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). The Spinning Babies program was conducted four times in the experimental group during the first and second stages of delivery for 50 min per session. The program comprised performing pelvic circles on a birth ball, followed by wide squatting and adopting of open knee-chest and side-lying positions.

Results

Compared with those in the control group, pregnant women in the experimental group had a significantly shorter labor time (t = - 6.64, p < .001), a higher success rate for normal vaginal delivery (χ² = 4.86, p = .043), improved Apgar scores of newborns (z² = - 2.18, p = .029), differences in neonatal oxygen therapy use (χ² = 4.86, p = .043), and improved birth satisfaction (t = 11.99, p < .001).

Conclusion

The Spinning Babies program improves the birth environment by increasing the normal vaginal delivery success rate, as well as pregnant women’s birth satisfaction, and promotes neonatal health.

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A systematic review of pulmonary rehabilitation nursing interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Da-Jung Kim
Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation.2025; 21(5): 234. CrossRef

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Support Needs for Health Promotion of Community-Dwelling People with Disabilities: Perspectives of Operators Managing Disability Supportive Housing: Hye Jin Nam, Haesun Lee, Han Nah Park, Sujin Lee, Bohye Kim, Ju Young Yoon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):211-223. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23143

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Recent studies have focused on policies aimed at supporting the independence of individuals with disabilities in communities. As part of this initiative, supportive housing, integrated care, and residential spaces offer tailored services based on individual needs and autonomy. The attitudes and knowledge of the administrators supporting supportive housing residents regarding health management can influence the well-being of individuals with disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the challenges faced by supporting housing workers in enhancing the self-management skills of individuals with disabilities.
Methods
In this qualitative study, focus group interviews were conducted in August 2023 with nine administrators working to support housing in Seoul. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interview data.
Results
The needs and challenges in enhancing the self-management skills of individuals with disabilities were as follows: (1) the complexity of health management challenges, (2) bidirectional strategies for strengthening health management capabilities, and (3) support for systematic health management. Additionally, eight subthemes were derived.
Conclusion
By investigating the difficulties experienced and identifying the necessary support requirements for supportive housing workers, this study seeks to uncover insights and identifies areas for improvement and strategies for health management. This study acknowledges the educational and institutional support necessary to improve the health and quality of life of individuals with disabilities residing in supportive housing.

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Work system analysis of health management for individuals with disabilities in supportive housing: a focus group study using the SEIPS framework
Haesun Lee, Hye Jin Nam, Bohye Kim, Ju Young Yoon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(3): 454. CrossRef
Intention to use a health information platform in supportive housing for people with disabilities: An application of the UTAUT model
Bohye Kim, Hye Jin Nam, Haesun Lee, Hannah Park, Ju Young Yoon, Nicola Diviani
PLOS One.2025; 20(10): e0332072. CrossRef
A preliminary study on the development of a chronic disease self-management curriculum for disability support workers: educational needs analysis
Han Nah PARK, Hye Jin NAM, Haesun LEE MSN, Sujin LEE, Bohye KIM, Ju Young YOON
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Intention to Delegate Clinical Practice of Medical Specialists in Accordance with the Enactment of the Scope of Practice for Advanced Practice Nurses: Min Young Kim, Su Jung Choi, Jeong Hye Kim, Cho Sun Leem, Young-ah Kang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):39-54. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22098

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the nationwide intention to delegate clinical practice of medical specialists in accordance with the enactment of the scope of practice for advanced practice nurses (APNs).
Methods
Data were collected from October to December 2021 using Google Surveys. In total, 147 medical specialists from 12 provinces responded to the survey. The survey questionnaire was categorized into four legislative draft duties, according to the scope of practice (a total of 41 tasks): Twenty-nine tasks on treatments, injects, etc., performed under the guidance of a physician and other activities necessary for medical treatment (treatment domain); two tasks on collaboration and coordination; six tasks on education, counseling, and quality improvement; four regarding other necessary tasks. Participants were asked whether they were willing to delegate the tasks to APN.
Results
The intention to delegate tasks to APN was higher for non-invasive tasks such as blood sampling (97.3%) or simple dressing (96.6%). Invasive tasks such as endotracheal tube insertion (10.2%), sampling: bone marrow biopsy & aspiration (23.8%) showed low intention to delegate in the treatment domain. Participants who were older, male, and had more work careers with APN, showed a higher intention to delegate tasks.
Conclusion
To prevent confusion in the clinical setting, a clear agreement on the scope of APN practice as APN delegated by physicians should be established. Based on this study, legal practices that APN can perform legally should be established.

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Strategies for expanding the role of advanced practice providers in the Korean nursing workforce: a mixed-methods approach
Jeong Hye Kim, Mi-Kyeong Jeon, Suyoung Choi, Mimi Lee, Su Jung Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(4): 568. CrossRef
Results of Applying a Ventilator Weaning Protocol Led by an Advanced Practice Nurse for Cardiac Surgery Patients
YoungJu Eim, Su Jung Choi
Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2024; 17(2): 42. CrossRef
Legal and Practical Solutions for the Expanding the Roles of Medical Support Staff Nurses
Su Jung Choi, Min Young Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 300. CrossRef

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Review Paper

Effects of Leadership Styles of Nursing Managers on Turnover Intention of Hospital Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Yunjeong Cho, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Young Man Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(5):479-498. Published online October 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22039

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to examine effect sizes of leadership styles of nursing managers on turnover intention of hospital nurses.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Participants were nurses working in hospitals. The intervention involved nursing managers’ leadership styles; the outcome assessed was nurses’ turnover intention. This was an observational study design. Eleven databases were searched to obtain articles published in Korean or English. Of the 14,428 articles reviewed, 21 were included in systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and R software programs were used.
Results
The total effect size r (ESr) was - 0.25 (95% confidence interval: - 0.29 to - 0.20). Effect sizes of each leadership style on turnover intention were as follows: ethical leadership (ESr = - 0.34), transformational leadership (ESr = - 0.28), authentic leadership (ESr = - 0.23), transactional leadership (ESr = - 0.21), and passive avoidant leadership (ESr = 0.13). Ethical leadership was the most effective style in decreasing turnover intention of hospital nurses.
Conclusion
Positive leadership styles of nurse managers effectively decrease turnover intention of hospital nurses, and negative leadership styles of nurse managers effectively increase turnover intention of hospital nurses. The ethical leadership style is the most effective in decreasing turnover intention of hospital nurses; however, it requires careful interpretation as its effects are reported by only two studies. This study contributes to addressing the high turnover rate of hospital nurses and developing positive leadership styles of nurse managers in hospital settings.

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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(1): 42. CrossRef
Effects of Resilience, Nursing Managers’ Empowering Leadership on Turnover Intention among New Nurses: Mediating role of Transition Shock
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Investigation of the relationship between nurses' perception of toxic leadership and their organizational trust levels and turnover intentions
Sultan Türkmen Keskin, Meltem Özduyan Kiliç
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Research Papers

Experience of Peer Support Work among People with Mental Illness in the Community: A Grounded Theory Approach: Myung Sun Hyun, Hyunlye Kim, Kyoung A Nam, Su Young Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):187-201. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21208

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study discovered a substantive theory of the experience and process of peer support work among people with mental illness.
Methods
The participants were members of community-based mental health facilities and had been working as peer supporters for more than six months. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with twelve participants and analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory approach.
Results
The core category was “becoming a healer going with patients in the journey of recovery,” and the core phenomenon was “identity confusion as a peer supporter.” The causal conditions were “starting peer support work without certainty” and “standing at the boundary between the therapist and patient.” The intervening conditions were “willingness to become a successful peer supporter,” “feeling a sense of homogeneity with the patient,” “accepting the mental illness,” and “support from people around.” The action and interaction strategies were “letting go of greed,” “being open about oneself,” “developing professional skills,” “maintaining wellness in the body and mind,” and “being with the patient.” The consequences were “becoming a useful person,” “changing attitude toward life,” “expansion of the sense of self-existence,” “recovering from mental illness,” and “discovering a role as peer supporter.” Finally, the substantive theory of “becoming a healer going with patients in the journey of recovery” was derived.
Conclusion
This study provides a holistic understanding of peer support work and the implications of interventions to help people with mental illness in a person-centered recovery process.

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Recovery Identity Formation among Peer Supporters: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis
Kuem Sun Han, Jihye Shin, Miran Jung, Soo Yeon Lee, Hee Jin Moon
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2025; 34(4): 370. CrossRef
A model for the involvement of service users as instructors into the psychiatric nursing curriculum in Korea: A qualitative study on participation experience
Suyoun Ahn, Soyoung Shin, Jaewon Joung
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.2024; 33(4): 917. CrossRef
Experience of Mental Health Professionals Collaborating with Peer Supporters in a Community Mental Health Service Team
Sowon Lee, Boyoung Kim, Chung Kil Park
International Journal of Mental Health Promotion.2024; 26(4): 251. CrossRef
Experience of Peer Supporters for Patients with Schizophrenia
Hae Kyung Jo, Se Na Ryu
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(3): 280. CrossRef

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An Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Face Mask Use Scale’s Korean Version among Community-Dwelling Adults: Kyungmi Lee, Nayeon Shin, Younhee Kang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(5):549-560. Published online October 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21111

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Face Mask Use Scale (K-FMUS) among community-dwelling adults.
Methods
The participants of the study were community-dwelling adults in Korea using face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The English FMUS was translated into Korean using forward and backward translation procedures. The construct validity and reliability of the K-FMUS were evaluated using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the internal consistency reliability test.
Results
The K-FMUS comprised 6 items divided into 2 factors. The variance of the factors was approximately 79.1%, which suggested that the scale indicated the effectiveness of face mask usage. The two factors were labeled as face mask use in society (4 items) and face mask use at home (2 items). Cronbach’s α value for the overall scale was .88.
Conclusion
The K-FMUS is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to measure face mask usage among community-dwelling adults in Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Adapting and Validating the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scales in Korea
Hyesung Ock, Mihyeon Seong, Insook Kim
Healthcare.2022; 10(11): 2274. CrossRef

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Invited Paper

Information and General Guidance for Healthcare Professionals in the Fourth Wave of COVID-19: Jeung-Im Kim, Mi Yu, Soyoung Yu, Jin-Hee Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(4):395-407. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21137

Abstract PDF

The COVID-19 curve seesawed and reached the fourth pandemic in July 2021. Since the first three waves, the focus has been on achieving herd immunity through vaccination while a lot of manpower is used for quarantine. However, we have not been able to prevent the fourth wave. The causes are thought to be related to people who doubt the safety of the vaccine and refuse it or violate quarantine guidelines such as social distancing. This study examined guidelines for preventing and controlling COVID-19, the accuracy of vaccination-related information, and described quarantine measures including for those who completed vaccination. In conclusion, prevention and vaccination are the most effective countermeasures against COVID-19. We recommend people vaccination with self-quarantine. Also, it is necessary to make large investments to protect and support nurses in future pandemics.

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Research Papers

Job Retention Process among Working People with Mental Illness: A Grounded Theory Approach: Myung Sun Hyun, Kyoung A Nam, Hyunlye Kim, Su Young Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(3):320-333. Published online June 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21016

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The study was conducted to explore the experiences of job retention among working people with mental illness.
Methods
The participants were members with mental illness at the S Community Mental Health Center in Gyeonggi Province and who had been working for more than six months. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 11 participants between June 27 and August 20, 2018. The data were analyzed through Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory method.
Results
The core category was struggling to take root in the community as a productive member. The core phenomenon was the desire to be a productive person, and the causal condition was the willingness to change for a purposeful life. The action and interaction strategies included maintaining regular living patterns, maintaining medication, developing one’s tips for self-management, and self-approval. The intervening conditions were difficulties in forming social relationships, presence of symptoms, social resources, and acceptance of one’s mental illness. The consequences were restoration of family relationships, healthy pleasure through work, social inclusion, development of self-worth, and transition to an independent person.
Conclusion
Working people with mental illness are struggling to take root in the community as a productive member. This study suggests that a holistic understanding of the job retention experience among people with mental illness is required. The findings will provide the basis for developing interventions that can improve job retention among working people with mental illness.

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Diabetes Self-Management Experience of Patients with Diabetes: Focused on the Visually Impaired: Sun Ju Chang, Kyoung-eun Lee, Eunjin Yang, Hee Jung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):92-104. Published online February 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20231

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to understand and describe the diabetes self-management experience of visually impaired people with diabetes.
Methods
Ten participants were recruited through a website used by the visually impaired from February to March 2020. Data were collected through two focus group interviews conducted in June 2020; each group consisted of five participants. All interviews were recorded with the consent of the participants and transcribed verbatim. The transcribed data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
Seven categories were as follows; a two-faced, lifelong companion, an unprepared encounter, struggle to live, love-hate relationship with family, strategies to adapt, lessening attention to self-management, the desire to learn properly.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that the visually impaired have fewer opportunities for receiving diabetes self-management education than general diabetic patients. Consequently, plans to improve the education available to such patients are required. Additionally, psychological counseling and diabetes education for patients’ families are necessary, and improving the perception of medical workers regarding the visually impaired will be prove useful.

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Relationships among Non-Nursing Tasks, Nursing Care Left Undone, Nurse Outcomes and Medical Errors in Integrated Nursing Care Wards in Small and Medium-Sized General Hospitals: Ju-Young Park, Jee-In Hwang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):27-39. Published online February 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20201

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the degree of non-nursing tasks and nursing care left undone in integrated nursing care wards, and examine their relationships with nurses’ burnout, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and medical errors.
Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from 346 nurses working in 20 wards of seven small and medium-sized general hospitals, and analyzed using multiple regression and multiple logistic regression analysis with the SPSS WIN 25.0 program.
Results
The mean score for non-nursing tasks was 7.32±1.71, and that for nursing care left undone was 4.42 ± 3.67. An increase in non-nursing tasks (β = .12, p = .021) and nursing care left undone (β = .18, p < .001) led to an increase in nurses’ burnout (F = 6.26, p < .001). As nursing care left undone (β = .13, p = .018) increased, their turnover intentions also (F = 3.96, p < .001) increased, and more medical errors occurred (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.02~1.15).
Conclusion
Non-nursing tasks and nursing care left undone are positively associated with nurses’ burnout, turnover intentions, and the occurrence of medical errors. Therefore, it is important to reduce non-nursing tasks and nursing care left undone in order to deliver high quality nursing care and in turn increase patient safety.

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Development and Validation of the Nurse Needs Satisfaction Scale Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory: Hwa Jin Kim, Sun Hwa Shin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(6):848-862. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20195

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to evaluate the needs satisfaction of nurses and examine its validity and reliability.
Methods
The initial items for the instrument were developed through a literature review and interviews, using the conceptual framework of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. The initial items were evaluated for content validity by 14 experts. Four hundred and eighty-six clinical nurses participated in this study through offline and online surveys to test the reliability and validity of the instrument. The first evaluation (n = 256) was used for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, and the second evaluation (n = 230) was used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis and to assess the criterion-related validity and internal consistency of the instrument. Test-retest reliability was analyzed using data from 30 nurses.
Results
The final instrument consisted of 30 items with two sub-factors for five needs that were identified through the confirmatory factor analysis. The criterion-related validity was established using the five need satisfaction measures (r = .56). Cronbach’s a for total items was .90, and test-retest reliability was .89.
Conclusion
The findings from this study indicate that this instrument has sufficient validity and reliability. This instrument can be used for the development of nursing interventions to improve the needs satisfaction of clinical nurses.

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Original Articles

Development and Effect of a Smartphone Overdependence Prevention Program for University Students Based on Self-Determination Theory: Myung Soon Kwon, Jeong Soon Yu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):116-131. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.116

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

This study aimed to develop a smartphone overdependence prevention program for college students based on the self-determination theory (SDT) and evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods:

A non-equivalent control group repeated measures design was used for the study. Participants were 64 university freshmen (experimental group: 29, control group: 35). The developed program consists of eight sessions conducted twice a week. The program was designed to promote autonomy, competence, and relatedness the three elements of the basic psychological needs of self-determination theory. The participants were assessed before the program, immediately after, and 1 and 3 months after the program. Data were collected from April 23 to September 14, 2018 and analyzed by performing a Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 23.0.

Results:

This study showed improvement in the basic psychological needs (F=3.90, p=.010) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Specifically, competence (F=2.93, p=.035), relatedness (F=2.89, p=.045), and self-regulatory ability (F=3.11, p=.028) improved significantly.

Conclusion

Study findings indicate that the smartphone overdependence prevention program based on the Self-determination theory could be an effective intervention for improving basic psychological needs and self-regulation ability. Therefore, this program could be an efficient strategy for smartphone overdependence prevention in university students.

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Prediction Model for Nursing Work Outcome of Nurses - Focused on Positive Psychological Capital: Soon Neum Lee, Jung A Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):1-13. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.1

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model on nursing work outcomes based on Youssef and Luthans’ positive psychological capital and integrated conceptual framework of work performance.

Methods:

This study used a structured questionnaire administered to 340 nurses. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Results:

Positive psychological capital showed indirect and direct effects on job satisfaction, retention intention, organizational citizenship behavior, and nursing performance. While, the nursing work environment had direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction and nursing performance, it only had indirect effects on intention to work and organizational citizenship behavior. Additionally, a mediating effect on retention intention and organizational citizenship behavior was found between job satisfaction and nursing performance variables.

Conclusion:

The nursing organization needs to build a supportive work environment and reinforce positive psychological capital to improve nursing performance. Additionally, it needs to actively manage the necessary parameters involved in the stages of job satisfaction, retention intention, nursing performance, and organizational citizenship behavior of nurses. The findings propose the continuous management of nursing personnel based on nurses’ attitude outcome, behavioral intention, behavioral outcome, and stage of role performance.

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The Influence of Grit on Turnover Intention of University Hospital Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Job Involvement: Ji Yeong Jeong, Youn Sook Seo, Jung Hoon Choi, Seong Hee Kim, Min Sook Lee, Sung Hwa Hong, Jung Suk Choi, Da Eun Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):181-190. Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.181

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study aimed to confirm the mediating effect of job involvement in the relationship between grit and turnover intention among nurses working at university hospitals.

Methods

Participants included 437 nurses from university hospitals located in C city, Gyeongnam. Data were collected from January 8 to 19, 2018, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression, with the SPSS/22.0 program. A mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny, and bootstrapping methods.

Results

There were significant relationships between grit and job involvement (r=.40, p<.001), grit and turnover intention (r=−.29, p<.001), and turnover intention and job involvement (r=−.52, p<.001). Job involvement showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between grit and turnover intention.

Conclusion

Grit increased job involvement and lowered turnover intention. Therefore, to reduce nurses' turnover intention, it is necessary to develop a program and strategies to increase their grit.

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The Effects of Hospitals’ Family Friendly Management on Married Female Nurses’ Retention Intention: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Work-Family Interface: Jin Hwa Lee, Jee-In Hwang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(4):386-397. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.386

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study examined the effect of hospitals’ family-friendly management on married female nurses’ retention intention. The focus was the mediating effects of the work-family interface (work-family conflict, work-family enrichment and work-family balance).

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional study. The participants were 307 nurses working at five public and five private hospitals with more than 200 beds in Seoul. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from September 10 to September 17, 2018 and analyzed with SPSS 24.0. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, a one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression following the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test for mediation.

Results

There were significant correlations among family-friendly management, the work-family interface, and retention intention. Work-family conflict showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between family-friendly management and retention intention. Work-family enrichment showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between family-friendly management and retention intention. Work-family balance showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between family-friendly management and retention intention.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that both hospitals’ family-friendly management and nurses’ work-family interface are important factors associated with nurses’ retention intention. Therefore, hospitals should actively implement family-friendly management for nurses and establish strategies to enhance nurses’ work-family interface for effective human resource management.

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The Effect of Nurse's Emotional Labor on Turnover Intention: Mediation Effect of Burnout and Moderated Mediation Effect of Authentic Leadership: Soo Yang Na, Hanjong Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):286-297. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.286

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

To investigate the effect of nurses’ emotional labor on their turnover intention that was mediated by burnout and to examine the moderated mediation effect of authentic leadership.

Methods

A total of 227 nurses working at two general hospitals in Seoul were recruited from March 21 to May 6 in 2016. Emotional labor including surface acting and deep acting; burnout factors such as emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment; and turnover intention were assessed. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro.

Results

Surface acting significantly increased emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment. Deep acting significantly increased personal accomplishment. Emotional exhaustion significantly increased turnover intention. Conversely, personal accomplishment significantly reduced turnover intention. Surface acting had an indirect effect on turnover intention that was mediated by emotional exhaustion. Deep acting had an indirect effect on turnover intention that was mediated by personal accomplishment. Authentic leadership had a moderated mediation effect on the relationship between surface acting and turnover intention that was mediated by emotional exhaustion.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that the establishment of strong authentic leadership by head nurses would help nurses reduce their burnout and turnover intention. Conducting intervention studies would be also important to promote better work environments that would enable nurses to fortify the positive aspect of emotional labor and to reduce their burnout levels.

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A Qualitative Study on Interpersonal Relationships of Patients with Facial Burn Injuries: Phenomenological Study: Myungsook Kil, Yongmi Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):263-273. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.263

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of the study was to explore the experience of patients with facial burn injuries regarding their interpersonal relationships.

Methods

The phenomenological research method was used. Participants of the study consisted of five males and three females. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews from November, 2014 to February, 2015 and analyzed using Colaizzi's method.

Results

Five theme clusters were extracted that described patients’ experiences. They are “being a lonely foreigner,” “closing my mind toward the world,” “hiding hurt feelings,” “companion of my face,” and “communicating with the world”.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide a deep understanding and insight into the experience of interpersonal relationships among facial burn patients. The development of a comprehensive program including physical, psychological, and social aspects is recommended to address the problems facial burn patients encounter in interpersonal relationships and to facilitate interaction.

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Prediction Modeling on Family Life Satisfaction of Old Adults Living at Home: Young Mi Huh, Sohyune Sok; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):534-544. Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.534

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to construct and test a structural model on family life satisfaction of aged individuals living at home. The conceptual model was based on Bandura's self-efficacy and social cognitive theories (1977; 1986) and Bowen's (1976) family systems theory.

Methods

From January 25 to March 5, 2016, 227 older adults living at home completed a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed to calculate the direct and indirect effects of factors affecting family life satisfaction. SPSS WIN 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 were used.

Results

The hypothetical model was a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were χ²=78.05, χ²/df=1.35, RMSR=.02, GFI=.98, AGFI=.96, NFI=.94, CFI=.98, and RMSEA=. 05. Family life satisfaction was positively affected by perceived collective family efficacy, status of physical health, family communication, and family support. Depression resulted in a significant negative effect. Family differentiation had a significant indirect effect on family life satisfaction. The model explained 76% of variance in family life satisfaction.

Conclusion

Perceived collective family efficacy, status of physical health, depression, family differentiation, family communication, and family support were significant factors explaining family life satisfaction among older adults staying at home. Further research should be conducted to seek intervention strategies to improve family life satisfaction among older adults living at home by focusing on the respective contributing factors.

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Effect of Breathing Exercise Using Panflutes on the Postoperative Compliance, Pulmonary Infections and Life Satisfaction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery: Hyun Mi Jo, Hyunsook Shin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(3):279-288. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.3.279

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of breathing exercises performed using panflutes in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery.

Methods

The study design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized pre-post test. The study included 24 patients in both the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group completed a daily breathing exercise regimen using panflutes for 30minutes after meals, whereas the control group was provided standard preoperative education, including breathing exercises using incentive spirometers. After the exercise regimen, breathing exercise compliance, pulmonary infections, and life satisfaction were measured in both groups, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program.

Results

The compliance rate of breathing exercises was significantly higher in the experimental group. The experimental group presented no pulmonary infections in the later period, whereas the control group presented higher pulmonary infection rates in the same period. In addition, the life satisfaction score in the experimental group significantly increased.

Conclusion

The breathing exercise program using panflutes for elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery enhanced their breathing exercise compliance and their daily life satisfaction in addition to reducing their pulmonary infection rates.

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Naresh Kumar Satyanarayan Dhaniwala, Venkatesh Dasari, Mukunda Naresh Dhaniwala
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Patterns and Influential Factors of Inter-Regional Migration of New and Experienced Nurses in 2011~2015: Bohyun Park, Se Young Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(5):676-688. Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.5.676

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze the migration patterns of new nurses and experienced nurses and to identify the factors influencing inter-regional migration for solving regional imbalances of clinical nurses in South Korea.

Methods

This study involved a secondary analysis of data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

New nurses tended to migrate from Kyunggi to Seoul. However, experienced nurses tended to migrate from Seoul and Chungchung to Kyunggi. Significant predictors of inter-regional migration among new nurses were location and nurse staffing grade of hospitals. Significant predictors of inter-regional migration among experienced nurses were location, hospital type, nurse staffing grade, ownership of hospitals and age of nurses.

Conclusion

Inter-regional migration occupied a small portion of total hospital movement among clinical nurses. The regional imbalances of nurses were not caused by the migration from non-metropolitan areas to Seoul. Nurse shortage problems in the small and medium hospitals of the non-metropolitan area can be solved only through improvement of work environment.

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Jose Abantao, Jose Marlon Refuncion, Marife Lacaba
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Jeong Hye Park, Min Jung Park, Hye Young Hwang
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Eunhee Lee
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A Study on the Relationship between Nurses' Relative Power and Interpersonal Conflicts: Myung Ok Lee; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(1):169-177. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.1.169

Abstract PDF: This study aims at empirically clarifying the relationship between power and the interpersonal conflict, including nurses' understanding of their relative power, the causes of interpersonal conflicts with the nurses, and strategies to resolve conflicts in order to understand how nurses' relative power affect their conflicts. For the empirical survey, the population was defined as all the nurses working at a medical organization in Seoul, Korea. 1083 nurses were selected as the sample for the questionnaire survey and statistical analyses. For the sampling, 32 medical organizations were selected by a stratified random method and sub-samples were arbitrarily drawn from each organization to obtain the final sample of 1083 nurses who responded to the questionnaire designed by the researcher. According to the result of the study, most nurses experience conflict more than once a month, and 70.4% of the respondents answered that interpersonal conflicts were directly or indirectly caused by power relations, which indicates that they perceive power relations as the main cause of interpersonal conflicts. Nurses experienced the most conflicts with interns and residents(29.7%), then patients and their families(24.3%), higher-positioned nurses(12.3%), nurse colleagues(7.7%), lower-positioned nurses(6.5%), and staff doctors(5.1%). If we classify these into three groups, the frequency of the conflicts, from most frequent to least, is in the order of doctors, nurses, and patients. In terms of relative power, nurses perceive that they have greater power than patients than patients and their families, lower-positioned nurses, and nurse colleagues. In contrast, nurses perceive that they have less power than interns and residents, higher-positioned nurses, and staff doctors. Among these groups, nurses perceive that they have the most power over patients and the least over staff doctors. These results indicate that nurses tend to experience more conflicts with members of groups that are stronger than themselves in terms of relative power. Nurses use positive strategies such as the compromise strategy(32.3%) or the collaboration strategy(20.3%) to manage conflicts, more than other strategies. However, they use avoidance or competition strategy more at the earlier stage, compromise strategy more in the mid stage, and collaboration strategy more at the later stage of the interpersonal conflict. In relation to power, nurses use the collaboration strategy or the compromise strategy more when their perceived power is greater than or equal to their counterpart's and they use the avoidance strategy or the accommodation strategy if their power is less. In terms of source of power, nurses' perceived relative power is greater in the order of referent power, expert power, reward power, legitimate power, and coercive power, where referent power is perceived as having the greatest power and coercive power is least. Most nurses(69.3%) used their power to resolve a conflict, with positive outcomes. Expert power was used most frequently. Overall, this study strongly indicates that the enhancement of power of nurses to have equal power relations with doctors would heighten the success of conflict resolution, since power is the main cause of conflicts. Specifically, nurses experience most conflicts with doctors against whom they perceive the greatest gap in power, and the choice of a conflict management strategy depend upon their power relations.

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A Study on MBTI Personality Type and Defense Mechanism of Nursing College Student: Seung Sook Hwang, Eun Joo Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(4):447-458. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.4.447

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study is to provide a useful insight for developing effective teaching and student counseling methods by understanding the relationship between four preference patterns of MBTI personality types and EWHA defense mechanisms of nursing college students.
METHOD
The data used in this research were collected administrating EWHA defense mechanism test and MBTI personality type instrument to 195 nursing students in the period of November 3 through September 16 in 2000. Collected data were analysed by pc-SPSS 10.0. RESULT: Three general conclusions were drawn from the study results: (1) in terms of personality type, 'Extraversion', 'Sensing', 'Thinking', and 'Judgement' types showed high frequency respectively; (2) in terms of defense mechanism, 'Identification' showed the highest score, and then 'suppression' scored next followed by 'Humor'. However, 'Acting out' showed the lowest average score, and then 'Projection' followed by 'Denial'; (3) Based on the relationship between defense mechanism and four MBTI preference patterns, it can be drawn that students with the preference of 'Extraversion' usually use defense mechanism of 'Altruism', 'Sublimation', 'Distortion', 'Controlling', and 'Humor'. In comparison, students with the preference of 'Introversion' often use the defence mechanism of 'Evasion' and 'Projection'. CONCLUSION: The study results can be utilized in both fields of education and counseling: (1) in the field of education, this study can provide a basis for developing a suitable teaching method for each personality types of nursing students; (2) for counseling practitioners, the results of this study provide the useful insights to understand nursing college students' communication skills, behavior patterns, and ability of coping with problems in the process of counseling.

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Empathic Ability and Communication Ability according to Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI) Personality Type in Nursing Students
Myung-Ock Chae
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(4): 303. CrossRef

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Clinical Nurses' lived Experience of Interpersonal Relations in the Ward Setting of the hospital: Yang Heui Ahn, Dae Ran Kim, Bok Nam Seo, Kyoung Eui Lee, Eun Ha Lee, Eun Shil Yim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(3):295-304. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.3.295

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to describe the essential structure of the lived experience of clinical nurses' interpersonal relations among nurses, patients, and others in the ward setting of the hospital. METHOD: Six nurses who have experienced from 4 to 7 years on the same ward setting, were interviewed. The data were collected from September, 2000 to May, 2001 and analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) method of phenomenology. RESULT: In this study, 7 themes were extracted: difficulty of interpersonal relations after being familiar with work, developing good relations with doctors, patients, and their significant others as experience increased, generation gap among individual nurses, evaluating other nursing colleagues on their past experience in ward settings, avoiding nurses with whom one was in conflict, sometimes, resolving conflict through getting together with colleagues informally, having a limited interpersonal network, experiencing becoming mature through struggling with the difficulty of interpersonal relations. CONCLUSION: Nurse managers need to provide resources, opportunities, and information to clinical nurses through fully understanding the characteristics of nurses' interpersonal relations. In addition, they should minimize the factors which intervene with good interpersonal relations among clinical nurses.

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Correlation between Personality, Family Dynamic Environment and Suicidal attempt among Korean Adolescents Population: Hyun Sil Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(2):231-242. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.2.231

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of suicidal attempts, investigate difference of rate of suicidal attempts between students and delinquents, and examine correlation between personality, family dynamics, environment, and suicidal attempts among Korean adolescents. METHOD: Data were collected through questionnaire surveys. Internal consistencies for this questionnaire ranged from 0.63 to 0.88. The subject used in this study consisted of 922(delinquent : 367, student : 555), using the proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square and t-test. RESULTS: 1) The rate of suicidal attempts were 10.8%, and the highest peak age of suicidal attempt was 17-18 year old (16.9%).2) Delinquents(19.6%) showed a higher rate of suicidal attempts than students (5.1%). Among the students, girls (43.3%) showed a higher rate of suicidal attempt than boys (19.1%). Whereas, boys (80.9%) showed a higher rate of suicidal attempt than girls (56.7%) among delinquents.3) Those who attempt suicide have more familial problem such as incest, psychosis, depression, attempted suicide, committed suicide, and alcoholism in their family. They also have more dysfunctional family dynamics, environment, and maladaptive personalities than non-attempters. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide and suicidal behaviors are multifaceted events. For suicide prevention, independent assessments of variables such as familial problems, personality, family dynamics, and environment must be considered.

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Associated Factors of Depression and Suicidal Behaviors among Korean Adolescents: Web-based Survey of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior in 2015~2017
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Peer victimization and adolescents’ suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: A moderated mediation model
Wenya Peng, Dongping Li, Xian Li, Jichao Jia, Yanhui Wang, Jiale Xiao
Children and Youth Services Review.2020; 112: 104888. CrossRef
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Hee Sook Kim, Wan Ju Park, Gyeong Ran Park, Mi Hyang Kim
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Factors on the Suicidal Attempt by Gender of Middle and High School Student
Sanggu Yi, Yunjeong Yi, Hye-Sun Jung
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An ecological understanding of youth suicide in South Korea
Seung-yeon Lee, Jun Sung Hong, Dorothy L. Espelage
School Psychology International.2010; 31(5): 531. CrossRef

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Development and Test of the Hypothetical Model to Explain Smoking Cessation Behaviors Based on Triandis' Interpersonal Behavior Theory: Hyun Soo Oh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(1):16-27. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.1.16

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop and test the hypothetical model which explains smoking cessation behavior was established based on the Triandis' interpersonal behavior theory.
METHOD
The data were collected from the 400 university student smokers enrolled in the universities located in Seoul and Kyung-In province. The study was analyzed by path analysis with LIESREL 8 program.
RESULTS
All of the fit statistics, except the Chi-square value, it showed the hypothetical model was well fitted to the data. Benefit, affect, and social influences related to smoking cessation behavior had significant direct effect on intention to smoking cessation as shown in the study of the hypothetical model. Perceived barrier and the physiologic arousal related to smoking cessation had significant direct effects on performing smoking cessation behavior, whereas numbers of previous attempts to quit smoking and intention to smoking cessation did not.

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Effects of an Aging Management Program for Middle-aged Women on Resilience and Successful Aging
Hyeyun Jung, Kyung Mi Sung
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 392. CrossRef

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Relationship between Personality Type, SAT score and GPA of Student Nurses: Ji Young Lim, Il Young Yoo, Soon Nahm Oh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):835-845. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.835

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relationship between personality type, college admission SAT scores and GPA scores of student nurses.
METHOD
The data was collected from 270 student nurses enrolled in a baccaleaureate program in Seoul. MBTI was used to identify students' personality and SAT score and GPA score were collected over 4 years. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS Win. package.
RESULT
1. There were slightly more extrovert (E) type (54.4%) students than the introvert (I) type; more sensing (S) type (71.1%) than the intuitive (N) type. 2. The introvert type students had significantly higher SAT scores than those of the extrovert type (p=.002). 3. The judging type students had significantly higher GPA scores throughout their college years than the perceiving type. 4. There was no statistically significant relationship between SAT and GPA scores. SAT scores did not accurately predict students' academic achievement in college in this sample.
CONCLUSION
The distribution of the personality types in the sample was different from the general population which may suggest that college admission criteria is biased toward certain personality type. Since different personality types process information and cope with the outside world differently, effective teaching strategies need to be considered for each class.

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Sun Ae Kim, Hye Won Jeon
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2014; 28(3): 644. CrossRef
Nursing Student Academic Achievement depending on College Entrance System-related Factors
Mi Won Kim, Han Ju Lee, Yoon Ju Lee
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2014; 20(4): 596. CrossRef
Difference Analysis of Study Achievement in Course Related to Anatomy by Personality Type
Hyo Hyun Yoo
Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology.2014; 27(3): 137. CrossRef
Differences in Non‐Cognitive Factors Influencing the Academic Achievement of Medical and Nursing Students: Focusing on Achievement Goal Orientation and Self‐Regulated Learning
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The Influential Factors for the Attitude of Health-Care University Students on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Geum-Sook Jung, Hyun-Mi Oh, Seon-Young Jeong
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The Influence of a Family Dynamic Environment, Personality, and Smoking on Delinquent Behavior Among Korean Adolescents: Hyun Sil Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(4):641-655. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.4.641

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the important factors on juvenile delinquency and to examine relationships between sex, age, the family environment, the personality of adolescents, smoking, and juvenile delinquency.
Methods
Data collection was done through questionnaire surveys. The subjects for this study consisted of 1,948 adolescents delinquents : 784, students : 1,164 in Korea, using proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods employed were chi-square, t-test and path analysis. Results: The results of this study were as follows : 1. The delinquent adolescents were reared in a more dysfunctional family environment, and had a higher maladaptive personality than the other student adolescents. 2. The delinquent adolescents showed the larger amount of smoking than the student adolescents. The cause of increased smoking tendency among delinquents simply were 'for social relation', 'for diversion', 'for nicotine addiction', whereas 'for tension relieving' among non-delinquent adolescents. 3. The most powerful contributors on delinquent behavior were antisocial personality tendencies, smoking, sex, strength of parent- child relationships, and the age of the adolescents in this order.
Conclusions
Our cross-sectional findings indicate that smoking was one of the most powerful contributing variables to delinquent behavior, but family environment, personality, sex and age of adolescents were also proved to be strong exogenous variables to smoking in adolescents.

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The Effect of family function and oral health concern on the oral health impact profile(OHIP) in the adolescents
Kyung-Hee Lee, Hea-Shoon Lee
Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2015; 15(4): 583. CrossRef
Smoking Behavior and Predictors of Smoking Initiation in Childhood and Early Adolescence
Sunhee Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(3): 376. CrossRef
Construction of the Structural Equation Model on Substance Use in Adolescents
Jeongyee Bae, Panuncio Rosel
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(3): 446. CrossRef

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A Study on ADL and Dementia of Aged Person with Medicaid in Korea: Ho Sihn Ryu; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(1):139-149. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.1.139

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics related to the activity of Daily Living (ADL) and dementia among the elderly people who have Medicaid. The cross-sectional descriptive survey study was a nationwide randomization sampling among the population of elderly families who have Medicaid. The data were collected during the month of October, 1999 and total sample was 1,027 elderly people. There were major findings according to the studies. In the results of the ADL assessment most of elderly people were within the 24 to 45 point range. Also, 63.3% of elderly people who made 45 points do not need help when performing daily activities according to the 15 areas of activity components, and 4.9% of these people couldn't do their daily activities. The results of the Dementia assessment were 70.6% of elderly people were in the normal range, 21.7% have a mild case, and 2.8% have severe case of dementia. These were found by using instruments for mental states, which simplified to items of detection of early dementia. In the result of these tests, there was a significantly positive correlation between ADL and degree of dementia with the pearson correlation coefficients. As a result of these studies, the author recommend to strengthen function and organization of public health like a visiting nurse center for elderly people who are over 65 years old. In addition, the government should apply early detection and management system for dementia in the community continuously and cost-effectively, especially for elderly people who live alone and are vulnerable elderly as our priority.

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Depressive symptoms in individuals with family members requiring ADL assistance
Junhyun Kwon, Eun-Cheol Park, Woorim Kim, Dong-Woo Choi, Sung-In Jang
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effects of a Multimodal Interventional Program on Cognitive Function, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Patients With Mild Alzheimer’s Disease
Min-Joo Ham, Su-Kyoung Kim, Doo-han Yoo, jae Shin Lee
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy.2018; 26(1): 91. CrossRef
The Effects of Activity in Rhythem Movement on Depressive Mood, Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Elderly with Mild Alzheimer’s Disease
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A Comparison of the Factors Influencing the Life Satisfaction of the Elderly According to their Cognitive Impairment Level
Rah Il Hwang, Ji Young Lim, Young Whee Lee
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Activity Intolerance and Impaired Physical Mobility in Elders
Hea‐Kung Hur, So‐Mi Park, So‐Sun Kim, Margaret J. Storey, Gi‐Yon Kim
International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications.2005; 16(3-4): 47. CrossRef

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Home Care Nursing Needs of Welfare Solitude Elderly Person in Pusan City: Ki Ryeon Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(2):425-436. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.2.425

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to assess home health care needs for welfare of solitude elderly person. The subjects of this study were 90 welfare solitude elderly person in Pusan City. Data were obtained by interview and observation using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA with SAS program. The results are as follows. 1. Among the home care nursing needs, environmental nursing needs topped the list, followed by spiritual, physical, psychological, communication & health knowledge and ADL nursing needs. 2. Home care nursing needs showed a significant differences by the general characteristic of the respondents. -In the age, there were significant differences in physical and communication & health knowledge nursing needs. -In the religion, there were significant differences in spiritual nursing needs. -In the marital status, there were significant differences in environmental nursing needs. -In the nursing provider, there were singificant differences in ADL, environmental and communication & health knowledge nursing needs. -In the medical benefit, there were significant differences in ADL, environmental, physical and communication & health knowledge nursing needs. -In the disease, there were significant differences in ADL nursing needs. -In the household maintenance, there were significant differences in environmental nursing needs.

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The Experience of Nursing Staff on the Dementia Patients' Aggressive Behavior: Jin Joo Oh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(2):293-306. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.2.293

Abstract PDF

Providing care to the dementia elderly with behavioral problem is a major issue in nursing homes today. This study was aimed to explore the nursing staffs' response to aggressive dementia patients, and the effect that the aggressive behavior had on Nsgstaff. The interviews used a semi-structured questionnaire are were carried out from May to July, 1999. The subjects were 23 nursing personnel working in the nursing homes for dementia elderly. The result are as follows; 1. The types of aggressive behavior cited by the subjects was "physical", "linguistic", and "sexual". 2. The factors that caused the behavior were "symptoms of disease", "under- conditioning", "context of nursing care", "unsatisfied need", "relationship to other patients", "change of outer environment", and "invasion of one's own privacy". 3. The response of the subjects were "unhappiness", "stress", "anger", "exaggeration", "anxiety", and "fear". 4. The management strategies listed by nursing personnel used to alleviate aggressive behavior were "ignorance" "patience" "leaving the area" "soothing sounds" "verbal punishment" "restriction and isolation" and "various management skill appliance" "adaptation". 5. The effect that aggressive behavior and were "disturbance of relationship to elderly" "decline in the amount and quality of nursing care" "interruption of task performance" "job exhaustion" "desire to leave the job" "physical impact" "stress on the cognition of others" "anxiety about health and one own future" "interference to family life'. The findings of this study will be useful in understanding the difficulties of nursing personnel when confronting the aggressive behavior of dementia partients. It also is useful as basic data in preparing efficient intervention program for these difficulties.

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Factors related to aggressive behaviors among older adults in nursing homes of Korea: A cross-sectional survey study
Hyoungshim Choi, Young-Il Jung, Hongsoo Kim
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2018; 88: 9. CrossRef
Extraction and Analysis of Risk Elements for Korean Homecare Patients with Senile Dementia
Mi-Hyun Choi, Hyung-Sik Kim, BoSeong Kim, Jung-Chul Lee, Sung-Jun Park, Ul-Ho Jeong, Ji-Hye Baek, Hyun-Jun Kim, Dae-Woon Lim, Soon-Cheol Chung
The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research.2016; 43(1): 116. CrossRef
Coping with dementia related behavior problems of the elderly and care providers
Dong Young Lim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(7): 4805. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction of Nurses Working in Long-term Care Hospitals: Focused on Burnout and Burden for Caring Problematic Behaviors in Dementia
Ji Won Park, Eun Joung Choi
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(11): 7403. CrossRef
Agitation in Home-dwelling Persons with Dementia and Coping Behaviors in Primary Care-givers to the Agitation
Hye Suk Kim, Heeok Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(3): 256. CrossRef
Effects of an Educational Program for the Reduction of Physical Restraint Use by Caregivers in Geriatric Hospitals
Keumbong Choi, Jinsun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 769. CrossRef
Wandering behaviour of persons with dementia in Korea: Investigation of related factors
Jun-Ah Song, Young Mi Lim, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
Aging & Mental Health.2008; 12(3): 366. CrossRef

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A Study on the Influence of Job Characteristics Perceived by Nurses on Their Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Focusing on Moderating Effect of Individual Personality Characteristics: Myoung Sook Kim, Young Bae Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(6):1434-1444. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.6.1434

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of job characteristics on the nurses' the moderating effect of locus of control on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment and relationship between job characteristics and attitude. The sample for this study consisted of 594 nurses from 8 university hospitals. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha analysis, multiple regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used for the statistical methods. The results of this study were found that (1) autonomy among 5 core job characteristics showed positive influence on job satisfaction, (2) task significance and autonomy among 5 core job characteristics had positive influence on organizational commitment, (3) the internals of locus of control moderated the effect of job characteristics on nurses' job satisfaction, and (4) internals and externals of locus of control moderated the effect of job characteristics on nurses' organizational commitment.

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The Effect of Job Characteristics and Professional Self-concept on Competency of Forensic Nursing among Perioperative Nurses
Yeo-Jin Jeon, Bu Kyung Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 302. CrossRef
Mediating effect of work engagement between job characteristics and nursing performance among general hospital nurses
Eun-Kyung Lee, Sun-Hee Kim, Jin-Hwa Park
Frontiers of Nursing.2021; 8(3): 241. CrossRef
The Study on DISC with Direct and Indirect Social Support of Dental Hygienists
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Perception of Recovery, Self-esteem, Role Performance, and Job Satisfaction in Psychiatric Mental Heath Nurse
Se-Ang Ryu, So-Hyun Moon, Jeongsuk Choi, Boohee Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2012; 18(4): 434. CrossRef
The Effects of DISC Behavior Styles of Office Workers on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Job Performance
Yun-Young Kim, Young-Hwa Baek, Ki-Hyun Park, Jong-Hyang Yoo, Eun-Su Jang
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2012; 21(2): 98. CrossRef
The Effects of Organizational Justice and Dispositional Affectivity on Job Satisfaction and Intent to Leave among Nurses
Young Hee Yom
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2010; 16(3): 276. CrossRef
The Determinants of Job Satisfaction of Nurses: Focused on Work Rewards
Young-Hee Yom, Sung-Bok Kwon, Yoon-Young Lee, Eun-Kyung Kwon, Jong-Wook Ko
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(3): 329. CrossRef

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Conversation Analysis for Improving Nursing Communication: Myungsun Yi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(5):772-780. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.5.772

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Nursing communication has become more important than ever before because quality of nursing services largely depends on the quality of communication in a very competitive health care environment. This article was to introduce ways to improve nursing communication using conversation analysis.

Methods

This was a review study on conversation analysis, critically examining previous studies in nursing communication and interpersonal relationships.

Results

This study provided theoretical backgrounds and basic assumptions of conversation analysis which was influenced by ethnomethodology, phenomenology, and sociolinguistic. In addition, the characteristics and analysis methods of conversation analysis were illustrated in detail. Lastly, how conversation analysis could help improve communication was shown, by examining researches using conversation analysis not only for ordinary conversations but also for extraordinary or difficult conversations such as conversations between patients with dementia and their professional nurses.

Conclusion

Conversation analysis can help in improving nursing communication by providing various structures and patterns as well as prototypes of conversation, and by suggesting specific problems and problem-solving strategies in communication.

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The Validity and Reliability of Nursing Assessment Communication-Competence Scale for Clinical Nurses
Hyojin Kim, Heeyoung Oh
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Influence of Communication Competence and Communication Style on the Nurse-Parent Partnership in Pediatric Nurses
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Effects of Customer Orientation, Belief of Patient Activation and Professional Self-concept on Caring Behaviors of Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Care Units
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Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2019; 28(1): 91. CrossRef
The Relation between Interpersonal Attitude and Communication Competence of New Visiting Nurses in Community Health Center
Seung Joo Lim, Eun A Park
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Effect of Perceived Nurse's Communication Style on Admitted Children Mother's Stress and Coping
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Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(6): 365. CrossRef
Occupational Health Nurses' Role Experiences
Kyung-Ja June, Hea-Ju Joo, Young-Mi Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(3): 250. CrossRef
Evaluation of Nurses' Competency in Nurse-Patient Communication about Medications: Conversational Analysis Approach
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Analysis of Conversation between Elderly Patients with Dementia and Nurses: Focusing on Structure and Sequential Patterns
Myungsun Yi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(4): 166. CrossRef

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Developing a Psychosocial Rehabilitation Model for Persons with Chronic Mental Illness: Hyun Sook Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(4):490-500. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.4.490

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the outcome of psychosocial rehabilitation for persons with chronic mental illness and to suggest a hypothetical model of psychosocial rehabilitation which is based on the relationship between influencing factors and then to test its fitness empirically.
Method
Data was collected from persons with a chronic mental illness using a self-report questionnaire, and from their case managers using an observed rating questionnaire. A total of 220 cases were used in the final analysis, and a hypothetical model was verified through covariance structure analysis using LISREL.
Result
1) The fitness indices of the model were χ²=133.77 (df=48, p=.00), GFI = 0.93, AGFI = 0.87, RMR = 2.32, NNFI = 0.95 and NFI = 0.95. Twelve paths among fifteen proved to be significant. 2) Psychosocial rehabilitation was influenced directly by symptoms, daily living skill and self-concept, and was influenced indirectly by the psychosocial rehabilitation program service. Psychosocial rehabilitation accounted for 32% of variance of these factors.
Conclusion
This study is expected to contribute to understanding the psychosocial rehabilitation phenomena. Besides it will provide basic information for developing strategies of bio-psycho-sociological interventions and evaluations in regard to influential factors of psychosocial rehabilitation.

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The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Anger Management Program on Self-consciousness and Anger in Korean Military Man: Myung Sun Hyun, Kyoung A Nam, Hee Sun Kang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(6):1076-1084. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.6.1076

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cognitive behavioral anger management intervention in order to increase self-consciousness and decrease anger among Korean military men.

Methods

A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. Ninety two soldiers were screened for unhealthy anger expression using a questionnaire. Among them, 26 soldiers who showed unhealthy anger expression were selected for this study. They were matched by rank and assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received the intervention three consecutive times, once a week and for 120 minutes per session. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention for anger (the State-Trait Anger Scale) and self-consciousness (Self-consciousness Scale). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ²-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcox on signed rank test.

Results

There was no statistically significant decrease in anger or increase in self-consciousness between the two groups following treatment. However, there was a significant increase in private self-consciousness in the treatment group after the intervention(p=.006).

Conclusion

The cognitive behavioral anger management program improves private self-consciousness in soldiers. However, Additional research is needed to explore whether long-term intervention is more effective for anger control in the military setting. The findings from this study suggest that more attention should be given to mental health care for Korean soldiers.

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The Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Depression, Anger, and Self-Control for Korean Soldiers
Myung-Sun Hyun, Hyang-In C. Chung, Jennie C. De Gagne, Hee Sun Kang
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services.2014; 52(2): 22. CrossRef
Effectiveness of the Military Mental Health Promotion Program
Chung Hee Woo, Sun Ah Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(6): 717. CrossRef

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A Philosophical Inquiry into Caring in Nursing: Based on Ricoeur's Narrative Ethics: Byung Hye Kong; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1333-1342. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1333

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This paper was aimed to inquire into Ricoeur's self -hermeneutics and narrative ethics, and apply it to personal identity constituting caring and care ethics in the practice of nursing. Its purpose is to provide a philosophical foundation for caring in nursing.
Methods
According to Ricoeur's narrative identity, ontological caring was interpreted as personal identity constituting caring. His ethics were described as care ethics, which contributed to preserving and promoting the personal dignity of the client, as self in search for the good life in the nursing practice.
Results
Narrative understanding of the client pointed to the ontological role of care in the constitution of personal identity. From an ethical aspect of the narrative, respect for personal identity and personal dignity of the client was crucial to an ethical caring attitude, promoting self-esteem in the nursing practice.
Conclusion
This paper suggested that Ricoeur's ethics could provide a philosophical basis for understanding ontological and ethical caring in nursing. This contributed to protection of the client from the threat of personal identity, as well as respecting their personal dignity.

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Effects of Assertive Training on Interpersonal Relations, Social Behavior, and Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with a Mental Disorder: Kuem Sun Han, Hee Su Im, Bo Kyum Yang, Hae Kyung Chung, Yong Jin Suh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(5):896-903. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.5.896

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was designed to examine the effects of an assertive training program on interpersonal relations, and psychiatric symptoms in patients with a mental disorder.

Method

The study employed a quasi experimental design. The subjects included44 patients with a mental disorder, 20 in the experimental group, and 24 in the control group. Data was collected using structured questionnaires over a 3 month period.

Results

There were greater significant increases in scores of interpersonal relations and content of communication in the experimental group than the control group. Also, there was a greater significant decrease in the score of psychiatric symptoms in the experimental group than the control group.

Conclusion

Assertive training has an effect on increasing content of communication and decreasing psychiatric symptoms.

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The Effects of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Programs on the Levels of Self-Efficacy for Mentally Disabled Persons
Hyun Sook Park, Sung-Woo Bae, Yi Young Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(5): 704. CrossRef

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Turnover Experience of Male Nurses: Hyunsu Kim, Jeongseop Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(1):25-38. Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.1.25

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify turnover experiences of men in nursing and to derive a substantive theory on the turnover experience of men who are nurses.

Methods

Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 13 men who had worked as a nurse for 1 year or more, and had a turnover experience during that period. Collected data were analyzed on the basis of Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory.

Results

The core category in the turnover experiences of the respondents was ‘seeking a stable place for me’. In the analysis of the core category, types of ‘contentment’, ‘seeking’, ‘survival’ and ‘confusion’ were identified. The sequential stages of these nurses’ turnover experience were ‘confrontation’, ‘incertitude’, ‘retrying’ and ‘realization’. However, when a problem arose in the process, they returned to the stage of confusion. Thus, these stages could occur in a circular fashion.

Conclusion

These findings provide a deep understanding of the turnover experience of men in nursing and offers new information about how they adapt to nursing practice. The findings should be useful as foundational data for men who hope to become nurses and also for managers responsible for nurses who are men.

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Association between Emotional Labor, Emotional Dissonance, Burnout and Turnover Intention in Clinical Nurses: A Multiple-Group Path Analysis across Job Satisfaction: Chi-Yun Back, Dae-Sung Hyun, Sei-Jin Chang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(6):770-780. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.6.770

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of emotional labor, emotional dissonance, and burnout on nurse's turnover intention and examine the effect of job satisfaction on the relationships among emotional labor, emotional dissonance, burnout, and turnover intention.

Methods

The sample consisted of 350 nurses recruited from 6 general hospitals in 2 cities in Korea. A multiple-group analysis was utilized. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics 23 and AMOS 20.

Results

In the path analysis, turnover intention was directly related to burnout in clinical nurses who had a high job satisfaction (b=.24, p=.003), while it was indirectly related to emotional dissonance (b=.13, p=.002). In the multiple-group path analysis, turnover intention was directly related to emotional dissonance (b=.18, p=.033) and burnout (b=.26, p=.002) for nurses with low job satisfaction.

Conclusion

These results indicate that manuals and guidelines to alleviate the negative effects of emotional labor, emotional dissonance, and burnout, and to increase job satisfaction are strongly required to reduce turnover intention in nurses at the organizational level as well as at the individual level.

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Effects of Bullying Experience on Psychological Well-Being Mediated by Conflict Management Styles and Psychological Empowerment among Nursing Students in Clinical Placement: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach: Liping Ren, Hyunli Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(5):700-711. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.5.700

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to test a proposed structural equation model in which bullying experience, conflict management styles and psychological empowerment predict psychological well-being among Chinese nursing students in clinical placement.

Methods

Three hundred and sixty-six nursing students recruited from five hospitals in J city and Y city were assessed with self-report questionnaires on bullying experience, conflict management styles, psychological empowerment and psychological well-being including depression, self-esteem, and academic major satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and AMOS version 22.0.

Results

The evaluation parameters included the comparative fit index at .90, the goodness of fit index at .93, the root mean square error of approximation at .07, and c²/df ratio at 2.66, indicating that the proposed structural equation model provided a good fit to the data. Experience of being bullied during clinical placement, conflict management styles and psychological empowerment explained 93.0% of the variance and had significant effects on psychological well-being, with conflict management styles and psychological empowerment mediating the association between bullying and psychological well-being.

Conclusion

The findings indicated that mediation by conflict management styles and psychological empowerment alleviated the negative influence of bullying on psychological well-being. To limit bullying and its negative effects, development of effective guidelines to deal with bullying will be a critical tool for both Chinese nursing students and their instructors. Further research should incorporate conflict management styles and psychological empowerment into the specific intervention strategies for handling bullying behaviors among nursing students and staff nurses and promoting nursing students’ psychological well-being.

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Effects of a Positive Psychotherapy Program on Positive Affect, Interpersonal Relations, Resilience, and Mental Health Recovery in Community-Dwelling People with Schizophrenia: Jinhee Kim, Hyunjoo Na; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(5):638-650. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.5.638

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

Recently, the interest in positive psychotherapy is growing, which can help to encourage positive relationships and develop strengths of people. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a positive psychotherapy program on positive affect, interpersonal relations, resilience, and mental health recovery in community-dwelling people with schizophrenia.

Methods

The research was conducted using a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 57 adults with schizophrenia participated in this study. The study participants in experimental group received a positive psychotherapy program (n=28) and the participants in control group received only the usual treatment in community centers (n=29). The positive psychotherapy program was provided for 5 weeks (of 10 sessions, held twice/week, for 60 minutes). The study outcomes included positive affect, interpersonal relations, resilience, and mental health recovery. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA for examining study hypothesis.

Results

Results showed that interpersonal relations (F=11.83, p=.001) and resilience (F=9.62, p=.003) significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Although experimental group showed a slight increase in positive affect, it was not significant.

Conclusion

The study findings confirm that the positive psychotherapy program is effective for improving interpersonal relations and resilience of community-dwelling people with schizophrenia. Based on the findings, we believe that the positive psychotherapy program would be acceptable and helpful to improve recovery of mental health in schizophrenia.

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Structural Equation Modeling on Self-Care Behavior and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Diabetes Using Citizen Health Promotion Centers: Songheun Lee, Hyunli Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(4):514-525. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.4.514

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model for Diabetes self-management (DSM) behavior and Quality of life (QoL) in older adults with diabetes who use Citizen Health Promotion Centers. The theory used this study was a combination of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Model (IMB) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to reflect autonomous characteristics of participants.

Methods

Data were collected from April 20 to August 31, 2015 using a self-report questionnaire. The sample was 205 patients with type 2 Diabetes who regularly visited a Citizen Health Promotion Center. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs were used to analyze the efficiency of the hypothesized model and calculate the direct and indirect effects of factor affecting the participants’ DSM behavior and QoL.

Results

The supported hypotheses were as follows; 1) The variable that had a direct effect on QoL was health behavior adherence (γ=.55, p=.007). 2) The variables that had a direct effect on DSM behavior were DSM information (γ=.15, p=.023), DSM confidence (γ=.25, p<.001), and autonomous motivation (γ=.13, p=.048). 3) The variable that had a direct effect on DSM confidence was autonomy support (γ=.33, p<.001).

Conclusion

The major findings of this study are that supporting patient's autonomous motivation is an influential predictor for adherence to DSM behavior, and integrative intervention strategies which include knowledge, experience and psychosocial support are essential for older adults with diabetes to continue DSM behavior and improve QoL.

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Development and Evaluation of a Motivational Interviewing Program for Exercise Improvement in Persons with Physical Disabilities: Jeong Hee Jeong, Ihn Sook Jeong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):406-419. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.406

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The aims of this study were to develop a motivational interviewing program for exercise improvement in persons with physical disabilities and to examine the effect of this motivational interviewing intervention.

Methods

The study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest and posttest design. A total of 62 persons with physical disabilities (30 in the experimental group, 32 in the control group) were recruited from 2 community rehabilitation centers. The experimental group received 8 sessions of a group motivational interviewing program, scheduled once a week, with each session lasting 60 minutes. Test measures were completed before the intervention, immediately after the end of the intervention, 2 weeks later, and 6 weeks after the end of the intervention. Measures included self-efficacy for exercise, decisional balance for exercise, stage of change for exercise, regularity of exercise, exercise maintenance, and independent living ability. Data were analyzed using the c²-test, Fisher's exact test, Independent samples t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA, conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 18.

Results

The experimental group showed a significant increase in self-efficacy for exercise (F=50.98, p<.001), benefit (pros) of exercise (F=24.16, p<.001), and independent living ability (F=50.94, p<.001), and a significant decrease in loss (cons) of exercise (F=26.50, p<.001). There were significant differences between the two groups in stages of change for exercise (p<.001), regularity of exercise (p<.001), and exercise maintenance (c²=26.61, p<.001).

Conclusion

The motivational interviewing program has the potential to improve exercise levels in persons with physical disabilities.

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Engaging youth with major depression in an exercise intervention with motivational interviewing
Yasmina Nasstasia, Amanda L. Baker, Terry J. Lewin, Sean A. Halpin, Leanne Hides, Brian J. Kelly, Robin Callister
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A Prediction Model for Unmet Needs of Elders with Dementia and Caregiving Experiences of Family Caregivers: Sora Choi, Myonghwa Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(5):663-674. Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.5.663

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purposes of this study were to develop and test a prediction model for caregiving experiences including caregiving satisfaction and burden in dementia family caregivers.

Methods

The stress process model and a two factor model were used as the conceptual frameworks. Secondary data analysis was done with 320 family caregivers who were selected from the Seoul Dementia Management Survey (2014) data set. In the hypothesis model, the exogenous variable was patient symptomatology which included cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, dependency in activity of daily living and in instrumental activity of daily living. Endogenous variables were caregiver's perception of dementia patient's unmet needs, caregiving satisfaction and caregiving burden. Data were analysed using SPSS/WINdows and AMOS program.

Results

Caregiving burden was explained by patient symptomatology and caregiving satisfaction indicating significant direct effects and significant indirect effect from unmet needs. The proposed model explained 37.8% of the variance. Caregiving satisfaction was explained by patient symptomatology and unmet needs. Mediating effect of unmet needs was significant in the relationship between patient symptomatology and caregiving satisfaction.

Conclusion

Results indicate that interventions focusing on relieving caregiving burden and enhancing caregiver satisfaction should be provided to caregivers with high levels of dementia patients' unmet needs and low level of caregiving satisfaction.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Experiences of Family Caregivers Utilizing Care Support of Dementia Center
Chun-Gill Kim, Myung Soon Kwon, Young Hee Lee
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(3): 314. CrossRef

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Factors Influencing Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Military Personnel during Basic Combat Training: Jeong Min Yi, Gwang Suk Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(4):523-533. Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.4.523

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was done to examine physical, psycho-social, and individual factors influencing musculoskeletal symptoms among Korean military trainees.
Methods
Using a correlation study design, military trainees who had completed almost of all the basic combat training (BCT) days were recruited from two military training units selected by convenience sampling. Data from 415 participants were analyzed.
Results
Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 29.6% defined as a participant having pain or discomfort in one or more body parts during training hours for more than seven consecutive days. Back/pelvic (10.8%), knees (10.1%), shoulders (7.7%), feet/toes (5.6%), ankles (4.8%) were prone to musculoskeletal symptoms. Musculoskeletal symptoms appeared to be related to physical exertion during BCT, stress during BCT, social support from fellow trainees, or previous musculoskeletal injuries. In the logistic regression model, physical exertion during BCT (OR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.42~3.65), stress during BCT (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.15~2.78), and previous musculoskeletal injuries (OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.01~2.47) were the significant factors affecting prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that physical exertion and psycho-social stress should be managed to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms in military trainees with more attention being given to trainees having a history of musculoskeletal injuries.

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Influences of Hospital Nurses' perceived reciprocity and Emotional Labor on Quality of Nursing Service and Intent to Leave: Mi-Aie Lee, Eunjeong Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):364-374. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.364

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was performed to investigate the relationship among reciprocity, emotional labor, nursing service quality and intent to leave, and to identify factors influencing nursing service quality and intent to leave.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional survey. Participants were 300 nurses working at five general hospitals in two provincial cities in Gyeongsang Province, Korea. From May 1 to June 30, 2014, data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS/PC ver 20.0 programs.

Results

There were relationships between reciprocity and nursing service quality, and intent to leave, and between emotional labor and intent to leave. Participants' general characteristics, reciprocity and emotional labor explained 48.4% of variance in nursing service quality and participants' general characteristics and these two independent variables explained 31.9% of intent to leave.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that from the perception of hospital nurses, reciprocity and emotional labor are both very important factors to improve the quality of nursing service and decrease the intent to leave. So nursing managers should try to develop various personnel management programs focused on human emotions, and create a mutual respectable organizational culture and work environment.

Citations

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Prevalence and Moderating Factors of Turnover Rate and Turnover Intention Among Nurses Worldwide: A Meta-Analysis
Dluha Mafula, Hidayat Arifin, Ruey Chen, Chien-Mei Sung, Chiu-Kuei Lee, Kai-Jo Chiang, Kondwani Joseph Banda, Kuei-Ru Chou
Journal of Nursing Regulation.2025; 15(4): 20. CrossRef
Impact of Structural Empowerment, Thriving at Work, and Caregiver Reciprocity on the Psychological Empowerment of Home Care Workers in South Korea
Heekyung Chang, Youngjoo Do, Jinyeong Ahn, Yumi Kim
Healthcare.2025; 13(15): 1809. CrossRef
Does emotional labor affect nurses suffering from workplace violence? A moderated mediation model
Hakan Erkutlu, Jamel Chafra, Hatice Ucak, Rahsan Kolutek
Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research.2024; 16(1): 28. CrossRef
Effect of Nursing Practice Environment on Intent to Leave in Hospital Nurses: Focused on the Mediating Effect of Reciprocity
So Young Lee, Mi-Aie Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(3): 201. CrossRef
Negative emotional status and influencing factors among young employees in center of disease control and prevention
Lu Han, Qiyu Li, Yu Zhang, Tuo Liu, Ran Niu, Qi Wang, Lina Zhao
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Experience of Emotional Labor and Its Related Factors among Nurses in General Hospital Settings in Republic of Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Da-Jung Ha, Jung-Hyun Park, Su-Eun Jung, Boram Lee, Myo-Sung Kim, Kyo-Lin Sim, Yung-Hyun Choi, Chan-Young Kwon
Sustainability.2021; 13(21): 11634. CrossRef
Nurses' organizational communication satisfaction, emotional labor, and prosocial service behavior: A cross‐sectional study
Youngsoo Kim, Sun Joo Jang
Nursing & Health Sciences.2019; 21(2): 223. CrossRef
The Effect of Nurse's Emotional Labor on Turnover Intention: Mediation Effect of Burnout and Moderated Mediation Effect of Authentic Leadership
Soo Yang Na, Hanjong Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(3): 286. CrossRef
Influences of Interpersonal Problems and Character of Nurses on Quality of Nursing Service
Eun-Yi Yeom, Kawoun Seo
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(5): 445. CrossRef

1,282 View
13 Download
9 Crossref

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