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Psychometric Properties of the Fall Risk Perception Questionnaire-Short Version for Inpatients in Acute Care Hospitals
Choi, Jeeeun , Lee, Sujin , Park, Eunjin , Ku, Sangha , Kim, Sunhwa , Yu, Wonhye , Jeong, Eunmi , Park, Sukhee , Park, Yusun , Kim, Hye Young , Kim, Sung Reul
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):151-161.   Published online May 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23127
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Patients’ perception of fall risk is a promising new indicator for fall prevention. Therefore, a fall risk perception questionnaire that can be used rapidly and repeatedly in acute care settings is required. This study aimed to develop a short version of the fall risk perception questionnaire (Short-FRPQ) for inpatients.
Methods
For the psychometric measurements, 246 inpatients were recruited from an acute care hospital. The construct (using confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant validity of each item), convergent, and known-group validities were tested to determine the validity of the Short-FRPQ. McDonald’s omega coefficient was used to examine the internal consistency of reliability.
Results
In the confirmatory factor analysis, the fit indices of the Short-FRPQ, comprising 14 items and three factors, appeared to be satisfactory. The Short-FRPQ had a significantly positive correlation with the original scale, the Korean Falls Efficacy Scale-International, and the Morse Fall Scale. The risk of falls group, assessed using the Morse Fall Scale, had a higher score on the Short-FRPQ. McDonald’s omega coefficient was .90.
Conclusion
The Short-FRPQ presents good reliability and validity. As patient participation is essential in fall interventions, evaluating the fall risk perception of inpatients quickly and repeatedly using scales of acceptable validity and reliability is necessary.
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Development and Effects of a Person-Centered Fall Prevention Program for Older Adults with Dementia in Long-Term Care Hospitals: For Older Adults with Dementia and Caregivers in LongTerm Care Hospitals
Lim, Jeong Ok , Gu, Mee Ock
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(3):341-358.   Published online June 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21230
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study examined the effects of a person-centered fall prevention program for older adults with dementia in long-term care hospitals.
Methods
A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The study sample included 42 older adults with dementia (experimental group: 21, control group: 21) and 42 caregivers (experimental group: 21, control group: 21). The program comprised 48 sessions held over 12 weeks and included exercise intervention with resistance and balance, dance walking (45~60 min, three times/week), cognitive and emotional intervention (35~50 min, once per week), and person-centered fall prevention education (10 min, once per week). The program for caregivers consisted of six educational sessions (i.e., fall prevention competency enhancement and person-centered care strategy education, 80 min, once per week) for six weeks. Data were collected before participation and 12 weeks after program completion from February 18 to May 12, 2019. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, t-test, and Mann―Whitney U test with SPSS/WIN 21.0.
Results
The experimental group of older adults with dementia showed significant improvement in physical and cognitive functions, and a decrease in depression, and behavioral and psychological symptoms, when compared with the control group. caregivers in the experimental group exhibited significant improvement in fall-related knowledge and person-centered care of older adults with dementia compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The study findings indicate that this program was effective as a nursing intervention for fall prevention among older adults with dementia in long-term care hospitals.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors Affecting Fall Incidents at Long-term Care Hospitals: Using Data from the Korea Patient Safety Reporting and Learning System
    Soojin Chung, Jeongim Lee
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2025; 50(1): 96.     CrossRef
  • Current Trends of Exercise Programs for Improving Cognitive Function in Older Adults
    Jae-Hyun Lee, Wooyeon Jo, Jaeho Jin, Yaxiong Zheng, Soyoon Lee, Se-Yeon Jang, Minseo Kim, Young-Jin Moon, Hye Gwang Jeong, Sang Ki Lee
    Exercise Science.2024; 33(3): 254.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Dementia Care Competence among Care Staff: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review Protocol
    Jinfeng Zhu, Jing Wang, Bo Zhang, Xi Zhang, Hui Wu
    Healthcare.2024; 12(11): 1155.     CrossRef
  • Falls in Patients of Medical Institutions in South Korea: A Literature Review
    Jongwon Choi, Woochol Joseph Choi
    Physical Therapy Korea.2023; 30(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • A Study on Emotions to Improve the Quality of Life of South Korean Senior Patients Residing in Convalescent Hospitals
    Aeju Kim, Yucheon Kim, Jongtae Rhee, Songyi Lee, Youngil Jeong, Jeongeun Lee, Youngeun Yoo, Haechan Kim, Hyeonji So, Junhyeong Park
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 14480.     CrossRef
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Comparison of the Effects of Education Only and Exercise Training Combined with Education on Fall Prevention in Adults Aged 70 Years or Older Residing in Elderly Residential Facilities
Hong, Chahwa , Lee, Haejung , Lee, Misoon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(2):173-187.   Published online April 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20203
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
To compare the effects of education only and exercise training combined with education on fall knowledge, fall efficacy, physical activity, and physical function in adults aged 70 years or older residing in elderly residential facilities.
Method
A three-group pre- and posttest design was utilized: education only (EO; n = 23), education and TheraBand (ET; n = 22), and education and walking (EW; n = 22). Fall education was provided for all three groups. In addition, TheraBand exercise training was provided for the ET and a walking exercise for the EW. Data were collected from November 1st, 2017 to February 15th, 2019 and analyzed with χ2 test, paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA using IBM SPSS/WIN ver. 22.0.
Results
Compared with the EO, the ET and the EW were more effective in terms of fall efficacy, physical activity, and lower extremity muscle strength. The EW showed higher improvement in walking abilities than the EO and the ET.
Conclusion
Exercise training combined with education is more effective in preventing falls among community-dwelling adults aged 70 years or older. When considering fall prevention programs for older adults, both TheraBand and walking exercise training combined with education can be chosen based on the participant’s physical status. Aggressive strategies to improve daily walking are required to maintain walking abilities among community-dwelling adults aged 70 years or older.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Falls caused by balance disorders in the elderly with multiple systems involved: Pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies
    Liwei Xing, Yi Bao, Binyang Wang, Mingqin Shi, Yuanyuan Wei, Xiaoyi Huang, Youwu Dai, Hongling Shi, Xuesong Gai, Qiu Luo, Yong Yin, Dongdong Qin
    Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Development and Effect of a Fall Prevention Program Based on the King's Goal Attainment Theory for Fall High-Risk Elderly Patients in Long-Term Care Hospital
Bom Mi Park, Ho Sihn Ryu, Kyeung Eun Kwon, Chun Young Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):203-214.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.203
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study to develop a fringed fall prevention program based on King's goal attainment theory and education. This study is applied to the personal, interpersonal, and social systems of fall high-risk patients to test its effects.

Methods

This study was a nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test design. There were 52 fall high-risk patients in the experimental group and 45 in the control group. The experimental group received six sessions, with the group sessions lasting 60 minutes and the individual sessions lasting 20~30 minutes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an χ2-test, a paired sample t-test, and a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test utilizing IBM SPSS software.

Results

For the 3-month intervention period, the fall prevention program was found to be particularly effective for patients in the experimental group (from 3.38 to 1.69 per 1000 patient days; p=.044), as opposed to the control group (from 1.94 to 1.49 per 1000 patient days; p=.300). For the 6-month follow up period, the fall prevention program was again found to be effective for patients in the experimental group (from 3.26 to 0.76 per 1000 patient days; p=.049) compared to the control group (from 1.98 to 1.01 per 1000 patient days; p=.368).

Conclusion

These results indicate that the fringed fall prevention program is very effective in reducing falls, not only during the intervention period, but also after the intervention period has ended. We can therefore recommend this program for use concerning fall high-risk patients in long-term care hospitals.

Citations

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  • Recent advances in the identification of related factors and preventive strategies of hip fracture
    Yaohui Yu, Yudan Wang, Xiaoli Hou, Faming Tian
    Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Falls in Patients of Medical Institutions in South Korea: A Literature Review
    Jongwon Choi, Woochol Joseph Choi
    Physical Therapy Korea.2023; 30(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Fall Prevention Program Based on Goal Attainment Theory for Homebound Older Adults With Osteoarthritis of the Lower Extremities
    Chunhee Lee, Heeok Park
    Orthopaedic Nursing.2022; 41(6): 414.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Nurse-Led Intervention Programs Based on Goal Attainment Theory: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Bom-Mi Park
    Healthcare.2021; 9(6): 699.     CrossRef
  • EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS FOR FALL PREVENTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
    Maria Aline Moreira Ximenes, Maria Girlane Sousa Albuquerque Brandão, Thiago Moura de Araújo, Nelson Miguel Galindo Neto, Lívia Moreira Barros, Joselany Áfio Caetano
    Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Application Value of Rehabilitation Nursing in Patients with Stroke Based on the Theory of Interactive Standard: A Randomized Controlled Study
    Ningning Li, Jun Wang, Mei Zheng, Qunying Ge, Mozaniel Oliveira
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
  • A prospective cohort study of the risk factors for new falls and fragility fractures in self-caring elderly patients aged 80 years and over
    Jian Zhou, Bo Liu, Ming-Zhao Qin, Jin-Ping Liu
    BMC Geriatrics.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and Effect of a Fall Prevention Program Based on King’s Theory of Goal Attainment in Long-Term Care Hospitals: An Experimental Study
    Bom-Mi Park
    Healthcare.2021; 9(6): 715.     CrossRef
  • Development of Fall Inducement System based on Pedestrian Biological Data for Fall Reproduction
    Jong-il Lee, Jong-Boo Han, Jae Wan Koo, Seokjae Lee, Dong-Seop Sohn, Kap-Ho Seo
    Journal of Korea Robotics Society.2020; 15(3): 286.     CrossRef
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  • 9 Crossref
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A Study on the Elderly Patients Hospitalized by the Fracture from the Fall
Mi Yang Jeon, Hyeon Cheol Jeong, Myoung Ae Choe
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(3):443-453.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.3.443
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: To identify age, gender, medication, seasons and place of fall, and areas of the fractures from the fall among the hospitalized elderly patients in order to provide the basic data for future fall prevention program for the elderly.
METHODS
This study was conducted for 106 elderly patients admitted into a university hospital by fractures from the fall during the period from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999. Data on the age, gender, medication, season and place of the fall, areas of the fracture were collected based on their medical records.
RESULT
The age range of the subjects were from 60 to 96 years old. The subjects were aged between 60-69 years old 49(46.2%), between 70-79 years old 31(29.2%), between 80-89 years old 24(22.6%), and over 90 years old 2(1.9%). Male patients comprised was 34(28.3%), while female patients comprised 76(71.7%). The fall occurred in Winter most frequently 34(32%). The place of the fall included room 81(76.4%), streets 13(12.3%), bathroom 6(5.7%), stair 4(3.8%), and mountain 2(1.9%). Twenty-two subjects (20.8%) had medication regularly, while 84 subjects (79.2%) had no medication. The areas of the fracture from the fall included upper extremities 20(18.9%) and lower extremities 86(81.1%). Radius fracture (7.5%) was the area where the fracture occurred most frequently in upper extremities and femur fracture (52.8%) was the area where the fracture occurred most frequently in lower extremities. A significant difference was found in the fracture area by age, season and place of the fall (p<.05). No significant difference was found in the fracture area by gender and medication. In all age groups, seasons and places of the fall, occurrence of fracture in lower extremity was significantly higher than that in upper extremity.

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  • Effect of patient blood management system and feedback programme on appropriateness of transfusion: An experience of Asia's first Bloodless Medicine Center on a hospital basis
    Hyeon Ju Shin, Jong Hun Kim, Yujin Park, Ki Hoon Ahn, Jae Seung Jung, Jong Hoon Park
    Transfusion Medicine.2021; 31(1): 55.     CrossRef
  • Development of Motion Platform-Based Exercise Equipment for Rehabilitation Training and Posture Balance
    Sung Gwan Park, Joon Hee Kim, Myeong In Seo, Tae Woo Kim, Dong Hwan Kim
    Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering.2020; 37(7): 475.     CrossRef
  • Understanding and Prevention of Fall-related Injuries in Older Adults in South Korea: A Systematic Review
    Ki-taek Lim, Ji-eun Lee, Ha-eun Park, Su-young Park, Woochol Joseph Choi
    Physical Therapy Korea.2019; 26(2): 34.     CrossRef
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    So Min Lee, Sungchul Kim, Chae-gil Lim
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2017; 29(7): 1125.     CrossRef
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    Young Ok Kang, Rhayun Song
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    JongEun Yim
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    Jin Suk Lee, Jung Hyun Park, Jeong Ran Lee
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    Jung Hyun Park, Jeong Ran Lee
    Fashion & Textile Research Journal.2014; 16(1): 101.     CrossRef
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    Seong-Suk Kim, Hee-Eun Kim
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    Youngsil Kang, Sun Jae Jung
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    Mi-Yang Jeon, Sun Hee Yang
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    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(1): 40.     CrossRef
  • Comparing Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Pain, Activities of Daily Living, and Fear of Falling in Women with Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Hyun-Kyoung Oh, Suk-Hee Ahn, Rha-Yun Song
    Journal of muscle and joint health.2011; 18(2): 137.     CrossRef
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    Seon-Kyung Kim, Jong-Im Kim
    Journal of muscle and joint health.2011; 18(2): 227.     CrossRef
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    Moonyoung Chang, Yan-hua Huang, Heyyoung Jung
    Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy.2011; 21(2): 56.     CrossRef
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    MingRen Liu, Heeyoung So
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  • The Mediating Effect of Depression in the Relationship between Muscle Strength of Extremities and Falls among Community-Dwelling Elderly
    Hyoung-Sook Park, Kyung-Yeon Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(5): 730.     CrossRef
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The Development & Effect of an Tailored Falls Prevention Exercise for Older Adults
Mee Ock Gu, Mi Yang Jeon, Young Eun
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(2):341-352.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.2.341
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to develop and to determine the effect of an tailored falls prevention exercise for older adults.

Method

Subjects consisted of 59 older adults (experimental group : 29, control group : 30) living at nursing homes. Experimental group participated in tailored falls prevention exercise for 16 weeks (3 times a week, 50 min every session). Data were collected before the exercise, 16 weeks and 24 weeks after the beginning of exercise.

Results

1) the experimental group significantly improved the muscle strength of hip extensor and flexor, knee extensor and flexor, ankle dorsiflexor, and plantar flexor compared to the control group. 2) the experimental group significantly decreased the mean time for 10 times chair stand. 3) the experimental group significantly increased the standing time on one leg and the number of heel raise for 30 seconds compared to the control group. In addition more older adults in the experimental group completed the tandem stance and semi-tandem stance for 10 seconds than the control group. 4) The experimental group significantly decreased the mean time of 6m walk and the fall frequency compared to the control group.

Conclusions

This results suggest that tailored falls prevention exercise for older adults can improve muscle strength, static and dynamic balance and decrease the fall frequency of older adults.

Citations

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  • Characteristics and Effects of Fall Prevention Interventions among the Korean Older Adults: A Systematic Review
    Jeong Ha Park, Hee Ju Kim
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2022; 24(1): 65.     CrossRef
  • Development and Effects of a Person-Centered Fall Prevention Program for Older Adults with Dementia in Long-Term Care Hospitals: For Older Adults with Dementia and Caregivers in Long-Term Care Hospitals
    Jeong Ok Lim, Mee Ock Gu
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(3): 341.     CrossRef
  • Strategies on fall prevention for older people living in the community: A report from a round-table meeting in IAGG 2013
    Eun Joo Kim, Hidenori Arai, Piu Chan, Liang-Kung Chen, Keith D. Hill, Bernard Kong, Philip Poi, Maw Pin Tan, Hyung Joon Yoo, Chang Won Won
    Journal of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics.2015; 6(2): 39.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Community-based Comprehensive Fall Prevention Program on Muscle Strength, Postural Balance and Fall Efficacy in Elderly People
    Jeongyee Bae, Seong-il Cho
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(6): 697.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Obesity on Fall Efficacy in Elderly People
    Byoung-Jin Jeon
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2013; 25(11): 1485.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Reliability and Validity of Fall Risk Assessment Tools in Patients with Acute Neurological Disorders
    Sung Reul Kim, Sung-Hee Yoo, Young Sun Shin, Ji Yoon Jeon, Jun Yoo Kim, Su Jung Kang, Hea Sook Choi, Hea Lim Lee, Young Hee An
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(1): 24.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Fall Prevention Program on Falls in Frail Elders Living at Home in Rural Communities
    Jae-Soon Yoo, Mi Yang Jeon, Chul-Gyu Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(5): 613.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Recurrent Falls Among Community-dwelling Elderly in Rural Areas
    Mi-Yang Jeon, Sun Hee Yang
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(12): 6353.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Jumping Exercise on Muscle Strength and Balance of Elderly People: a Randomized Controlled Trial
    Jinnam Park, Kihun Cho, Wanhee Lee
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2012; 24(12): 1345.     CrossRef
  • Home environmental and health‐related factors among home fallers and recurrent fallers in community dwelling older Korean women
    Young Mi Lim, Mi Hae Sung
    International Journal of Nursing Practice.2012; 18(5): 481.     CrossRef
  • Effects of an Elder Health Promotion Program using the Strategy of Elder Health Leader Training in Senior Citizen Halls
    Mee Ock Gu, Young Eun, Eun Sim Kim, Hwang Ran Ahn, In Soo Kwon, Hyun Sook Oh, Young-Sil Kang, Myun Sook Jung, So Young Choi, Kyung Mi Sung, Hye Yeon Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(1): 125.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Exercise in the Frail Elderly
    Young-Im Park, Kang-Yi Lee, Tae-Im Kim, Moung-Hee Jeon, Dong-Oak Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim
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  • A Study of Muscular Activities and Onset Times of the Tibialis Anterior and Medial Gastrocnemius Muscles of Elderly People in Climbing Stairs
    Se-Won Yoon, Jeong-Woo Lee, Moon-Jeong Kim, Su-Hyon Kim, Woong-Sik Park
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    Tracey E Howe, Lynn Rochester, Fiona Neil, Dawn A Skelton, Claire Ballinger
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The Effects of a Korean Traditional Dance Movement Program in Elderly Women
Mi Yang Jeon, Eun Suk Bark, Eun Gyeong Lee, Jeong Sun Im, Bok Seon Jeong, Eun Sun Choe
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1268-1276.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1268
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was amied to identify the effects of a 12 week Korean traditional dance movement program on balance, depression, medical cost, medical institution's utilization and fall among elderly women.

Methods

Using a quasi-experimental design, the experimental group was composed of 130 subjects and the control group was composed of 123 subjects. The experimental group participated in a 12 week Korean traditional dance movement program 3 times a week from December 2002 to February 2003. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, paired t-test and t-test.

Results

There was siginificant improvement in balance(right leg p=.000, left leg p=.004), depression(p=.000), and the medical institution's utilization(p=.001) and fall(p=.002) in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusions

A Korean traditional dance movement program improved balance, depression, and decreased fall and medical cost in elderly women. Therefore, we recommend this program be utilized as a health promoting program and falls preventing program for the elderly in the community.

Citations

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  • The effects of dance interventions on reducing the risk of falls in older adults: a network meta-analysis
    Ying Li, Zhaoguo Wang, Jiahao Li, Honghao Yang, Zilong Fang
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    Odile Sophie Podolski, Tim Whitfield, Leah Schaaf, Clara Cornaro, Theresa Köbe, Sabine Koch, Miranka Wirth
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    Karolina Minta, Giorgio Colombo, William R. Taylor, Victor R. Schinazi
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    Kyoung Mi Jo, Min Young Kim
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    Tracy Hellem, Hayden Ferguson
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    Hyun-Ok Lee, Byung-Hwa Lee, Chang-Hee Lee
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    Eun Joo Kim, Hidenori Arai, Piu Chan, Liang-Kung Chen, Keith D. Hill, Bernard Kong, Philip Poi, Maw Pin Tan, Hyung Joon Yoo, Chang Won Won
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    Jeongyee Bae, Seong-il Cho
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The Effects of Fall Prevention Program on Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Preventive Activity Related to Fall, and Depression of Low-income Elderly Women
Kyung Rim Shin, Su Jin Shin, Jeong Sun Kim, Jin Young Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(1):104-112.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.1.104
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This research was conducted to determine the effects of a fall prevention program on knowledge, self-efficacy, prevention activity, and depression in the low-income elderly women.

Method

The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 22 subjects in the experimental group and 22 in the control group. A fall prevention program was performed for approximately 40 minutes, once a week for 6 weeks.

Results

The results of this study were as follows: There were statistically significant differences of knowledge, self-efficacy, and prevention activity related to falls and depression between the experimental group and control group.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the fall prevention program used in this study is appropriate for the elderly, therefore this program is strongly recommended for community-based health and welfare centers.

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Risk Factors for Falls among the Community-Dwelling Elderly in Korea
Kyeong Yae Sohng, Jung Soon Moon, Hae Hiang Song, Kwang Soo Lee, Young Sook Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(8):1483-1490.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.8.1483
AbstractAbstract PDF

Community-based centres were surveyed to determine the frequency of and risk factors for falls among elderly Koreans. We examined fall-related risk factors, including physiological and physical health, psychosocial functions, self-reported physical capacity and activity, vision, and the use of medication, among 351 elderly people aged 65 years or older, with ambulatory. Forty-two per cent of elderly Korean subjects reported at least one episode of falling in the previous 12 months, 38% of whom had consequences that required either the attention of a physician or hospitalization.

Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of falling were a restricted activity during the previous five years (adjusted OR 1.3), use of alternative therapy (adjusted OR 2.7), low knee flexor and extensor-muscle strength (adjusted OR 1.21 and 1.20), and poor balance with closed eyes (adjusted OR 8.32).

We conclude that falls among older persons living in the community are common in Korea and that indicator of bad health and frailty or variables directly related to neuromuscular impairment are significant predictors of the risk of falling.

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    Asmidawati Ashari, Tengku Aizan Hamid, Mohd Rizal Hussain, Rahimah Ibrahim, Keith D. Hill
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Falls among People with Parkinson's Disease
Kyeong Yae Sohng, Jung Soon Moon, Kwang Soo Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(6):1081-1091.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.6.1081
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to identify the risk factors associated with falls among patients with Parkinson's Disease(PD).

Method

A retrospective study design was used through the collection of physiological and physical health, and psychosocial functions.

Results

Of the 100 participants, fifty-nine(59%) reported one or more falls and seventy-one(71%) reported one or more near-falls. Anaverage 34.7 falls and 150.3 near-falls were reported in the previous year per person. Stage of PD, foot problems, balance, fear of falling, and activities of daily living were significantly associated with an increased risk of falls.

Conclusion

The findings confirm the high risk of falling in PD patients. Also these results have implications for developing fall prevention programs for PD patients.

Citations

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Characteristics and Risk Factors for Falls in Tertiary Hospital Inpatients
Eun-Ju Choi, Young-Shin Lee, Eun-Jung Yang, Ji-Hui Kim, Yeon-Hee Kim, Hyeoun-Ae Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):420-430.   Published online January 15, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.420
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore characteristics of and risk factors for accidental inpatient falls.

Methods

Participants were classified as fallers or non-fallers based on the fall history of inpatients in a tertiary hospital in Seoul between June 2014 and May 2015. Data on falls were obtained from the fall report forms and data on risk factors were obtained from the electronic nursing records. Characteristics of fallers and non-fallers were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Risk factors for falls were identified using univariate analyses and logistic regression analysis.

Results

Average length of stay prior to the fall was 21.52 days and average age of fallers was 61.37 years. Most falls occurred during the night shifts and in the bedroom and were due to sudden leg weakness during ambulation. It was found that gender, BMI, physical problems such elimination, gait, vision and hearing and medications such as sleeping pills, antiarrhythmics, vasodilators, and muscle relaxant were statistically significant factors affecting falls.

Conclusion

The findings show that there are significant risk factors such as BMI and history of surgery which are not part of fall assessment tools. There are also items on fall assessment tools which are not found to be significant such as mental status, emotional unstability, dizziness, and impairment of urination. Therefore, these various risk factors should be examined in the fall risk assessments and these risk factors should be considered in the development of fall assessment tools.

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    Parvaneh Isfahani, Mohammad Sarani, Mina Salajegheh, Somayeh Samani, Aliyeh Bazi, Mahdieh Poodineh Moghadam, Fatemeh Boulagh, Mahnaz Afshari
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    Jeeeun Choi, Sujin Lee, Eunjin Park, Sangha Ku, Sunhwa Kim, Wonhye Yu, Eunmi Jeong, Sukhee Park, Yusun Park, Hye Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim
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    Jiwon Choi, Sun-Kyung Hwang
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    Kahyun Kim, Dukyoo Jung
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    Yu-ri Jang, Jeong Yun Park
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    Jun-Nyun Kim, Sun-Hwa Beak, Bo-Seop Lee, Mi-Ra Han
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    Se Young Jung, Hui-Woun Moon, Da Som Me Park, Sumi Sung, Hyesil Jung
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    Jing Wang, Bin Chen, Fang Xu, Qin Chen, Jing Yue, Jingjing Wen, Fang Zhao, Min Gou, Ya Zhang
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    Eunok Kwon, Sun Ju Chang, Mikyung Kwon
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    Sarah Damanti, Moreno Tresoldi, Philipe de Souto Barreto, Yves Rolland, Matteo Cesari
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    Li-Chen Chen, Yung-Chao Shen, Lun-Hui Ho, Whei-Mei Shih
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    Hyesil Jung, Hyeoun-Ae Park, Ho-Young Lee
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    Yeon Hwa Lee, Myo Sung Kim
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    Jieun Choi, Se Min Choi, Jeong Sin Lee, Soon Seok Seo, Ja Yeon Kim, Hye Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim
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    Shinae Ahn, Da Eun Kim
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    Chia-Hui Liu, Ya-Han Hu, Yu-Hsiu Lin
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    Young-Shin Lee, Eun-Ju Choi, Yeon-Hee Kim, Hyeoun-Ae Park
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Review Article
Effects of Nursing Interventions for Fall Prevention in Hospitalized Patients: A Meta-analysis
Yoon Lee Kim, Seok Hee Jeong
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(4):469-482.   Published online August 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.4.469
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify which nursing interventions are the most effective in fall prevention for hospitalized patients.

Methods

From 3,675 papers searched, 34 were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Number of fallers, falls, falls per 1,000 hospital-days, and injurious falls, fall protection activity, knowledge related to falls, and self-efficacy about falls were evaluated as outcome variables. Data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta Analysis (CMA) 2.2 Version program and the effect sizes were shown as the Odd Ratio (OR) and Hedges's g.

Results

Overall effect size of nursing interventions for fall prevention was OR=0.64 (95% CI: 0.57~0.73, p <.05) and Hedges's g= - 0.24. The effect sizes (OR) of each intervention ranged from 0.34 to 0.93, and the most effective nursing intervention was the education & environment intervention (OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.28~0.42, p <.001), followed by education intervention (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.50~0.67, p =.001). Subgroup analyses showed that multifaceted interventions (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.73~0.79, p <.001) were more effective than unifactorial interventions, and that activities for prevention of falls (OR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.05~0.15, p <.001) showed the largest effect size among outcome variables.

Conclusion

Falls in hospitalized patients can be effectively prevented using the nursing interventions identified in this study. These findings provide scientific evidence for developing and using effective nursing interventions to improve the safety of hospitalized patients.

Citations

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Original Articles
Effects of Community-based Comprehensive Fall Prevention Program on Muscle Strength, Postural Balance and Fall Efficacy in Elderly People
Jeongyee Bae, Seong-il Cho
J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(6):697-707.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.697
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purposes of this study was to develop a comprehensive community-based fall prevention program and to test the effects of the program on the muscle strength, postural balance and fall efficacy for elderly people.

Methods

The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 28 participants in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. The program consisted of balance exercises, elastic resistance exercises and prevention education. The program was provided five times a week for 8 weeks and each session lasted 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using χ2-test, independent t-test and paired t-test using the SPSS program.

Results

Muscle strength of the lower extremities, postural balance and fall efficacy scores significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusion

These results suggest that this program can improve lower extremity muscle strength, postural balance and fall efficacy in elders. Therefore, this program is recommended for use in fall prevention programs for elders living in the community.

Citations

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    Jieun Oh, Taeyoung Lee, Joohyun Kim, Hyeonsuk Park, Suyeong Park, Jihye Jeong, Yeongeun Lee, Sujin Son, Ju Young Park
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    Jeong Ha Park, Hee Ju Kim
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    Sung Kyun Kim, Gi Jung Im
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A Predictive Model of Fall Prevention Behaviors in Postmenopausal Women
Hyun-Jung Jang, Sukhee Ahn
J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(5):525-533.   Published online October 15, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.525
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study was done to propose and test a predictive model that would explain and predict fall prevention behaviors in postmenopausal women. The health belief model was the theoretical basis to aid development of a nursing intervention fall prevention program.

Methods

Data for 421 postmenopausal women were selected from an original data set using a survey design. The structural equation model was tested for 3 constructs: modifying factors, expectation factors, and threat factors. Expectation factors were measured as relative perceived benefit (perceived benefit minus perceived barrier), self-efficacy, and health motivation; threat factors, as perceived susceptibility (fear of falling) and perceived severity (avoiding activity for fear of falling); and modifying factors: level of education and knowledge about fall prevention. Data were analyzed using SPSS Windows and AMOS program.

Results

Mean age was 55.7 years (range 45-64), and 19.7% had experienced a fall within the past year. Fall prevention behaviors were explained by expectation and threat factors indicating significant direct effects. Mediating effect of health beliefs was significant in the relationship between modifying factors and fall prevention behaviors. The proposed model explained 33% of the variance.

Conclusion

Results indicate that fall prevention education should include knowledge, expectation, and threat factors based on health belief model.

Citations

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    Ji Hyun Park, Jung Tae Son
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    Keong Sook Jang, Rhayun Song
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Effects of a Fall Prevention Program on Falls in Frail Elders Living at Home in Rural Communities
Jae-Soon Yoo, Mi Yang Jeon, Chul-Gyu Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):613-625.   Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.613
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to determine the effects of a fall prevention program on falls, physical function, psychological function, and home environmental safety in frail elders living at home in rural communities.

Methods

The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pre posttest design. The study was conducted from July to November, 2012 with 30 participants in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. Participants were registered at the public health center of E County. The prevention program on falls consisted of laughter therapy, exercise, foot care and education. The program was provided once a week for 8 weeks and each session lasted 80 minutes.

Results

The risk score for falls and depression in the experimental group decreased significantly compared with scores for the control group. Compliance with prevention behavior related to falls, knowledge score on falls, safety scores of home environment, physical balance, muscle strength of lower extremities, and self-efficacy for fall prevention significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the prevention program on falls is effective for the prevention of falls in frail elders living at home.

Citations

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  • Situational and environmental risk factors associated with home falls among community-dwelling older adults: Visualization of disparities between actual and perceived risks
    Gwang Suk Kim, Min Kyung Park, Jae Jun Lee, Layoung Kim, Ji Yeon Lee, Namhee Kim
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    Maureen Romanow Pascal, Barbara Lawrence, Stephanie Pires, Elton Newton, Deoranie Babulall, Kelly Saroka, Megan Shaver, Mackenzie Schanzlin, Kristi Pearage
    Physical Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Gwang Suk Kim, Namhee Kim, Mi-So Shim, Jae Jun Lee, Min Kyung Park, Qing-Wei Chen
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    Yeunsook Lee, Min-Gi Kim, Eun-Jung Jung, Mi-Seon Jang
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    Gyeong Ran Kim, Mi Sook Song
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    In Sook Lee, Kwang Ok Lee
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    Hee Gerl Kim
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    Han Suk Lee, Jeung Hun Park
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    Jeongyee Bae, Seong-il Cho
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(6): 697.     CrossRef
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Risk Factors for Pediatric Inpatient Falls
Myung Sook Cho, Mi Ra Song, Sun Kyung Cha
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):595-604.   Published online October 15, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.595
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for pediatric inpatients falls.

Methods

The study was a matched case-control design. The participants were 279 patients under the age of 6 who were admitted between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009. Through chart reviews, 93 pediatric patients who fell and 186 ones who did not fall were paired by gender, age, diagnosis, and length of stay. Five experts evaluated the 38 fall risk factors selected by the researchers.

Results

In a general hospital, pediatric patients with secondary diagnosis, tests that need the patient to be moved, intravenous lines, hyperactivity, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics, and general anesthetics showed significance for falls on adjusted-odds ratios. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to elucidate the factors that influence pediatric inpatient falls. The probability of falls increased with hyperactivity and general weakness. Patients who didn't have tests that required them to be moved and intravenous line had a higher risk of falls.

Conclusion

These findings provide information that is relevant in developing fall risk assessment tools and prevention programs for pediatric inpatient falls.

Citations

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    Eun Joo Kim, Anna Lee
    Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2021; 61: 136.     CrossRef
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    Eun-Joo Kim, Geun-Myun Kim, Ji-Young Lim
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    Ching-Mei Chang, Cheng-Fan Wen, Hsien-Feng Lin
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    Jihee Han, Won-Oak Oh, Il Tae Park, Anna Lee
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Effects of Tai Chi on Fall Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis
Moonkyoung Park, Rhayun Song
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(3):341-351.   Published online June 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.3.341
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to analyze the effects of Tai Chi on fall-related risk factors through meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials published in English and Korean between 2000 and 2010.

Methods

Using health related database and hand search of references and Google, 28 randomized studies were collected from doctoral dissertation and published peer reviewed articles. The Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 2.0 was used for the analysis.

Results

The effect sizes for Tai Chi for 3 months were significant with ES=0.54 for static balance, ES=0.24 for dynamic balance, ES=0.69 for balance measured by scale, and ES=0.40 for flexibility, ES=0.48 for muscle strength, ES=0.71 for ADL, and ES=0.37 for fear of falling. Also, the effect sizes of Tai Chi for 6 months were significant for most fall-related variables. The 6 month data for flexibility was not analyzed since only one study was published.

Conclusion

The analysis of studies of randomized clinical trials indicate that Tai Chi is effective in improving balance, flexibility, muscle strength, activities of daily living, and fear of falling when applied for 3 or 6 months. The findings provide the objective evidence to apply Tai Chi as a fall preventive intervention.

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    Lissandra Zanovelo Fogaça, Caio Fabio Schlechta Portella, Ricardo Ghelman, Carmen Verônica Mendes Abdala, Mariana Cabral Schveitzer
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    Yoon Lee Kim, Seok Hee Jeong
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    Shu‐Fen Lin, Huei‐Chuan Sung, Tzai‐Li Li, Tsung‐Cheng Hsieh, Hsiao‐Chin Lan, Shoa‐Jen Perng, Graeme D. Smith
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Fall Prediction Model for Community-dwelling Elders based on Gender
Eun Suk Yun
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):810-818.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.810
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to explore factors relating to number of falls among community-dwelling elders, based on gender.

Methods

Participants were 403 older community dwellers (male=206, female=197) aged 60 or above. In this study, 8 variables were identified as predictive factors that can result in an elderly person falling and as such, supports previous studies. The 8 variables were categorized as, exogenous variables; perceived health status, somatization, depression, physical performance, and cognitive state, and endogenous variables; fear of falling, ADL & IADL and frequency of falls.

Results

For men, ability to perform ADL & IADL (β32=1.84, p<.001) accounted for 16% of the variance in the number of falls. For women, fear of falling (β31=0.14, p<.05) and ability to perform ADL & IADL (β32=1.01, p<.001) significantly contributed to the number of falls, accounting for 15% of the variance in the number of falls.

Conclusion

The findings from this study confirm the gender-based fall prediction model as comprehensive in relation to community-dwelling elders. The fall prediction model can effectively contribute to future studies in developing fall prediction and intervention programs.

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Effects of a Fall Prevention Program on Physical Fitness and Psychological Functions in Community Dwelling Elders
Myung Soon Kwon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(2):165-174.   Published online April 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.165
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to identify effects of a fall prevention program on physical fitness and psychological functions in community dwelling elders.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study was carried out with a nonequivalent control group pre & post-test design. The program, which included exercises and education, consisted of a 12-week group program and an 8-week self-management program using a health calendar. An experimental group (32) and a control group (21) participated.

Results

There were significant differences in SPPB (t=-3.92, p<.001), TUG test (t=4.94, p<.001), standing with right leg (t=-3.60, p=.001), standing with left leg (t=-3.74, p<.001), front and rear maximum step length test (t=-4.34, p<.001), right-left maximum step length test (t=-2.65, p=.011), and fall efficacy (t=-2.42, p=.019). Fall efficacy, fear of falling and depression showed significant differences following the 12-week exercise program and 8-week self-management program in the experimental group.

Conclusion

Study findings indicate that the fall prevention program is an effective nursing intervention to enhance physical fitness and psychological functions for elders. Using a health calendar, the self-management program was more effective for psychological functions compared to only the group program. Therefore, health providers should develop diversified fall prevention programs which include motivation plans to encourage clients in participating.

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Analysis of Multi-variate Recurrent Fall Risk Factors in Elderly People Using Residential Assessment Instrument-Home Care - Comparisons between Single and Recurrent Fallers -
In-Young Yoo
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(1):119-128.   Published online February 28, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.1.119
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to determine the risk factors for recurrent fallers (2+falls) compared to single fallers.

Methods

Participants were 104 community-dwelling people 65 yr of age or older. The data were collected from June 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009 using the Residential Assessment Instrument-Home Care.

Results

Over the past 90 days, 55.7% of the 104 participants fell once, and 44.2% experienced recurrent falls (2+falls). In comparison of recurrent fallers with single fallers, there were significant differences in scores on the following factors: gender (χ2=4.22, p=.040), age (χ2=5.74, p=.017), educational level (χ2=5.22, p=.022), living arrangements (χ2=35.02, p<.001), cardiovascular diseases (χ2=17.10, p<.001), hypertension (χ2=4.43, p=.035), diabetes mellitus (χ2=4.44, p=.035), glaucoma (χ2=13.95, p<.001), Minimal Data Set (MDS)-Pain (t=-2.56, p=.012), fear of falling (χ2=4.08, p=.034), reduced vision (t=-3.06, p=.003), MDS-activity of daily living (t=3.46, p=.001), MDS-Instrumental Activities of daily living (t=3.24, p=.002), cognition (MDS-Cognition Performance Scale) (t=3.40, p=.001), and 'difficulties entering and leaving the house' (χ2=4.53, p=.033).

Conclusion

It is important to assess the risk factors for recurrent falls and develop differentiated strategies that will help prevent recurrent falls. Additionally, utilizing a standardized tool, such as RAI-HC, would help health professionals assess multi-variate fall risk factors to facilitate comparisons of different community care settings.

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    Beomryong Kim, Kwangsun Do, Jongeun Yim
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    Kyung Hee Jo, Jong Park, So Yeon Ryu
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    Chong Mi Lee, Bok-Hee Cho
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Fall Risk in Low-Income Elderly People in One Urban Area
Kyung Won Choi, In-Sook Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(4):589-598.   Published online August 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.4.589
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that increase of the risk for falls in low-income elders in urban areas.

Methods

The participants were elderly people registered in one of public health centers in one city. Data were collected by interviewing the elders, assessing their environmental risk factors, and surveying relevant secondary data from the public health center records. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 14.

Results

Stroke, diabetes, visual deficits, frequency of dizziness, use of assistive devices and moderate depression were statistically significant risk factors. The comorbidity of chronic diseases with other factors including depression, visual deficit, dizziness, and use of assistive devices significantly increased the risk of falls. From multiple logistic regression analysis, statistically significant predictors of falls were found to be stroke, total environmental risk scores, comorbiditiy of diabetes with visual deficits, and with depression.

Conclusion

Fall prevention interventions should be multifactorial, especially for the elders with stroke or diabetes, who were identified in this study as the high risk group for falls. A fall risk assessment tool for low-income elders should include both the intrinsic factors like depression, dizziness, and use of assistive devices, and the extrinsic factors.

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    Chung-uk Oh
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    Youngsil Kang, Sun Jae Jung
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    Insun Jang, Eunok Park
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    Young Hee Kim, Kyung Hee Yang, Kum Sook Park
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Falls Risk Factors of Inpatients
Eun-Kyung Kim, Jae Chang Lee, Mi-Ran Eom
J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(5):676-684.   Published online October 30, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.5.676
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for falls and to suggest data for developing a program for preventing falls.

Methods

This was a case-control study in five university hospitals and a general hospital. In total, 216 patients over the age of 18 yr admitted from January 1 to December 31, 2007 participated. One hundred eight patients with experience of falling were matched by gender, age level, diagnosis, and length of stay with 108 patents with no experience of falling admitted on the same unit. A quality assurance coordinator nurse in each hospital examined 35 fall risk factors developed by researchers.

Results

In acute hospitals, history of falls, orientation ability, dizziness or vertigo, general weakness, urination problems, transfer/mobility difficulty, walking dependency, impatience, benzodiazepines, diuretics, and vasodilators showed significance on adjusted-odds ratios for fall. Logistic regression analysis was performed to elucidate the factors that influence falls. The probability of falls was increased by dizziness/vertigo, general weakness, and impatience/agitation.

Conclusion

This finding can be used as a useful resource in developing nursing intervention programs to predict and prevent the falls of inpatients.

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The Mediating Effect of Depression in the Relationship between Muscle Strength of Extremities and Falls among Community-Dwelling Elderly
Hyoung-Sook Park, Kyung-Yeon Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(5):730-738.   Published online October 12, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.5.730
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of depression in the relationship between muscle strength of extremities and falls among community-dwelling elderly.

Methods

Two hundred forty-seven participants were recruited from a public health center, a hall for the aged and a school for the aged in B city. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using questionnaires from May to September of 2007. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression using the SPSS WIN 14.0 program.

Results

There was a significantly negative relationship between muscle strength of lower extremities and falls, muscle strength of left upper extremity and falls, and muscle strength of right upper extremity and falls. Depression positively correlated with falls. Depression showed mediating effects between muscle strength of extremities and falls. Weakness of muscle strength of extremities increased depression and the increased depression increased the frequencies of falls.

Conclusion

For the effective management and prevention of community-dwelling older adults’ falls, exercise programs including depression-decreasing strategies should be established. These exercise programs can decrease depression which is the mediator role between the degrees of muscle strength of extremities and falls.

Citations

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    Sunsook Sim, Miran Bang
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    Kyung Rim Shin, Younhee Kang, Mi Young Kim, Dukyoo Jung, Jeong Soo Kim, Chong Min Hong, Eun Suk Yun, Rye Won Ma
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Effects of Tai Chi Exercise Program on Physical Fitness, Fall related Perception and Health Status in Institutionalized Elders
MingRen Liu, Heeyoung So
J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(4):620-628.   Published online August 31, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.4.620
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose was to identify the effects of a Tai Chi exercise program on physical fitness, fall related perception and health status among institutionalized elderly.

Methods

A quasi-experimental research was carried out with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 23 subjects in the experimental group and 24 in the control group. The data was gathered by structured questionnaires about fall related perception, and health status. Physical fitness was measured by an exercise therapist with a blind principle.

Results

At the completion of the 12 weeks Tai Chi exercise program, flexibility (F=4.50, p=.00), and ability to balance (F=3.27, p=.00) had increased significantly. Fall related perception showed significant improvement in the fear of falling (F=-3.52, p=.00). Physical functioning (F=3.38, p=.00), role limitation-physical (F=2.67, p=.01), role limitation-emotional (F=2.47, p=.02). and general health (F=3.88, p=.00) in health status showed significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusion

The study findings revealed Tai Chi exercise as a useful nursing intervention for elderly that enhances flexibility and balance, decreases fall related perception and also increases the health status. Further research is warranted to compare the potential effects of Tai Chi exercise and its health benefits from other types of exercise or martial arts.

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    Hee-Eun Jo, Myung Ja Kim
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    In Sook Park, Hee Young So, Rhayun Song, Hyunli Kim, Sukhee Ahn
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    Sung-Min Kim, Go-Ya Choi
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Effects of Tai Chi Exercise in Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis
Hea-Young Lee, Keum Jae Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2008;38(1):11-18.   Published online February 29, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.11
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to determine whether the Sun-style 24 forms of Tai Chi exercise improve pain, stiffness, disability, knee joint motion, mobility, balance or falling.

Methods

Forty-six community-dwelling elderly subjects (mean age, 75.46±6.28) voluntarily participated in an intervention group of either 24 forms of Sun-style Tai Chi for 60 min, 2 times per week for 12 weeks or a control group. A on-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. Independent t-test and ANCOVA were used to examine group differences by using SPSS12.0.

Results

The experimental group had significantly less pain (F=7.60, p=.008) and stiffness (t=-3.19, p=.003) than the control group. Also there were significant improvements in knee joint motion on the right knee (t=2.44, p=.019), left knee (t=2.30, p=.026), rising time (F=8.03, p=.07), balance on the left single leg test (t=2.20, p=.033), and fear of falling (t=-2.33, p=.024) in the Tai Chi exercise group. No significant group differences were found in disability and falls efficacy.

Conclusion

The Sun-style 24 forms Tai Chi exercise is effective in decreasing pain, stiffness, fear of falling and it improves balance, rising time, and knee joint motion. We suggest a continuing long term intervention to decrease disability and increase efficacy concerning falls.

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    Chung-uk Oh
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Influencing Factors for Fear of Falling in Degenerative Arthritis Patients
Jeong Sun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(7):1184-1192.   Published online December 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.7.1184
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among fear of falling, pain, anxiety and depression, and to identify influencing factors in elderly women patients with degenerative arthritis living in the community.

Method

The subjects of this study were 297 elderly women patients with degenerative arthritis. Data was collected by personal interviews using questionnaires. Data was analyzed by the SPSS(version 12.0) computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression.

Results

There was a significant difference (p= .000) in fear of falling according to the level of pain, anxiety, and depression. There was a significant positive correlation among fear of falling, pain, anxiety and depression. Depression, pain, number of medication, age, and anxiety showed significant predictors (43.5%) for fear of falling.

Conclusion

This study suggested that thoroughly assessing predictors making an impact on fear of falling in the initial nursing assessment is the most important for falls prevention of elderly women patients with degenerative arthritis in the community.

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    Eun-Suk Yun
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    Eun-Suk Yun, Jisook An
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    Myungsuk Lee, Yunbok Lee
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    Myung-Suk Lee
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    Sukhee Ahn, Huynli Kim, Heeyoung So, Rhayun Song
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(4): 344.     CrossRef
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Review
A Review of Exercise Interventions for Fall Prevention in the Elderly
Mee Ock Gu, Mi Yang Jeon, Hee Ja Kim, Young Eun
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(6):1101-1112.   Published online October 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.6.1101
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to suggest directions for developing exercise interventions for fall prevention in the elderly in Korea in the future.

Method

Twenty five articles for fall prevention exercises were reviewed and analyzed.

Result

84.0% of subjects were older adults age 65 and older living in the community. The most frequently performed interventions were lower limb strength and balance exercises together 43.3%, group exercise 70.0%, exercise 3 times/week 60.0%, 60 min per session 36.7%, duration of 12 weeks and 1 year 23.3% each. The most frequently used outcome variables were static balance 84.0%, lower limb muscle strength 72.0%, dynamic balance 56.0 %, and falls 56.0 %. The effect of exercise interventions on fall prevention was inconclusive. Lower limb strength exercises with resistance were effective for increasing muscle strength. Balance exercises with various movements for balance were effective for increasing balance.

Conclusion

Exercise interventions for fall prevention is recommended for older adults with risk factors of falling. The desirable type of exercise intervention is lower limb strength and balance exercise together.

Citations

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    Samcheol Lee
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    Jungok Yu, Jungsoon Kim
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    In-Sil Jang, Sun-Gyo Lee
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    Myung Soon Kwon
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