Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Review Paper

Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce internalized stigma in people with severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Soyoung Kim, Sun Hyoung Bae, Myung-Sun Hyun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):1-18. Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24072

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study systematically reviewed and analyzed the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on internalized stigma among people with severe mental illness.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Cochrane Intervention Research Systematic Review Manual and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. This study targeted people with severe mental illness as the population, interventions aimed at reducing internalized stigma, comparisons with control groups, and internalized stigma as the outcome. A literature search was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycArticles, RISS, KMbase, and KoreaMed. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Effect sizes were computed using Hedges’s g, and subgroup analyses were conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 4.0.
Results
Of 2,388 papers, 15 were included in the meta-analysis. The overall effect size (Hedges’s g) of the intervention was –0.60 (95% confidence interval, –1.01 to –0.19), indicating a statistically significant reduction in internalized stigma (Z=–2.88, p=.004). Subgroup analyses revealed that the intervention type (p=.008) and session length (p=.011) were significant moderators influencing the effectiveness of the interventions.
Conclusion
Tailoring interventions by considering variables such as the intervention type and session length could enhance the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for reducing internalized stigma among people with severe mental illness (PROSPERO: CRD42023418561).

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Research Paper

Formative versus reflective measurement models in nursing research: a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study in Korea: Eun Seo Park, Young Il Cho, Hyo Jin Kim, YeoJin Im, Dong Hee Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):107-118. Published online February 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24095

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to empirically verify the impact of measurement model selection on research outcomes and their interpretation through an analysis of children’s emotional and social problems measured by the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) using both reflective and formative measurement models. These models were represented by covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM), respectively.
Methods
This secondary data analysis evaluated children’s emotional and social problems as both reflective and formative constructs. Reflective models were analyzed using CB-SEM, while formative models were assessed using PLS-SEM. Comparisons between these two approaches were based on model fit and parameter estimates.
Results
In the CB-SEM analysis, which assumed a reflective measurement model, a model was not identified due to inadequate fit indices and a Heywood case, indicating improper model specification. In contrast, the PLS-SEM analysis, assuming a formative measurement model, demonstrated adequate reliability and validity with significant path coefficients, supporting the appropriateness of the formative model for the PSC.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that the PSC is more appropriately analyzed as a formative measurement model using PLS-SEM, rather than as a reflective model using CB-SEM. This study highlights the necessity of selecting an appropriate measurement model based on the theoretical and empirical characteristics of constructs in nursing research. Future research should ensure that the nature of measurement variables is accurately reflected in the choice of statistical models to improve the validity of research outcomes.

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Review Paper

Effects of Non-Pharmacological Interventions on Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Jo, Sojeong , Lee, Haejung , Park, Gaeun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):311-328. Published online August 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24019

Abstract PDF: Purpose
In this study a systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the impact of non-pharmacological interventions on major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods
A literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature databases up to November 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using R software (version 4.3.2).
Results
Eighteen randomized studies, involving 2,898 participants, were included. Of these, 16 studies with 2,697 participants provided quantitative data. Non-pharmacological interventions (education, exercise, and comprehensive) significantly reduced the risk of angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, restenosis, cardiovascular-related readmission, and cardiovascular-related death. The subgroup meta-analysis showed that combined interventions were effective in reducing the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI), and individual and group-based interventions had significant effects on reducing the occurrence of MACE. In interventions lasting seven months or longer, occurrence of decreased by 0.16 times, and mortality related to cardiovascular disease decreased by 0.44 times, showing that interventions lasting seven months or more were more effective in reducing MI and cardiovascular disease-related mortality.
Conclusion
Further investigations are required to assess the cost-effectiveness of these interventions in patients undergoing PCI and validate their short- and long-term effects. This systematic review underscores the potential of non-pharmacological interventions in decreasing the incidence of MACE and highlights the importance of continued research in this area (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023462690).

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Research Papers

Development of the Hybrid Clinical Practicum Environment Scale for Nursing Students: Yoon, Seoyoung , Yeom, Hye-Ah; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):340-357. Published online August 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24016

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to develop a Hybrid Clinical Practicum Environment Scale for Nursing Students (HCPES-NS) and verify its validity and reliability.
Methods
The HCPES-NS was constructed following the DeVellis guidelines. The initial items were written based on a literature review and individual in-depth interviews. Content validity was verified through an expert panel review. To confirm the validity and reliability of the scale, a survey was conducted with 449 nursing students enrolled in 12 nursing colleges. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity, and reliability tests.
Results
Factor analysis showed that the HCPES-NS consists of 15 items on five subdomains: clinical site atmosphere, interpersonal relationship, alternative online practicum contents, provision of learning information, and clinical performance facilitation. A higher score indicated a more positive perception of the clinical practicum environment. The concurrent validity of the HCPES-NS was confirmed by its positive correlation with the Clinical Learning Environment Scale (r = .77). The Cronbach’s α reliability of the HCPES-NS was .84.
Conclusion
The HCPES-NS is both valid and reliable. This scale reflects the clinical practicum environment and includes an online practicum factor. It may be used effectively by faculty members and educators to evaluate nursing students’ perceptions of clinical practicum environments.

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Concept Analysis of Social Intelligence of Nurses Using Hybrid Model: Lee, Kyung Ran , Lee, Na Kyoung , Oh, Hee , Park, Kyoung Ae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):459-474. Published online August 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23121

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to conduct a concept analysis of social intelligence in nurses so that applying social intelligence to the nursing field.
Methods
In this study, we followed the hybrid model procedure, involving the following steps: First, in the theoretical stage, the attributes and definitions of the concept of social intelligence were determined through literature review. Second, the concepts’ reality was confirmed during fieldwork. In the final analysis stage, the results confirmed in the theoretical and fieldwork stages were compared and analyzed to confirm the properties and definition of the concept.
Results
Nurses’ social intelligence consists of three dimensions: social cognitive nursing competency, human-centered social evolution, and skills for solving complex nursing situations. Nurses’ social intelligence is a professional nursing competency that flexibly coordinates complex nursing situations, developed through accumulating experiences of continuous reflection and relationship expansion based on receptive listening and social sensitivity in clinical interpersonal relationships.
Conclusion
Nurses’ social intelligence is widely used in clinical practice and is shown to have a significant direct and indirect impact on clinical nursing. To effectively apply social intelligence in the clinical context, individual and organizational efforts are required to share and transfer knowledge and capacity-building methods through collective intelligence and education.

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The Influence of Diversity Management of Nursing Organization on Organizational Commitment: Double Mediating Effect of Diversity Sensitivity Orientation and Positive Nursing Organizational Culture: Jeon, Hwi Gon , Jang, Keum Seong , Kim, Eun A; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):403-417. Published online August 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23120

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify the double mediating effect of effect of diversity sensitivity orientation and positive nursing organizational culture between diversity management and organizational commitment.
Methods
Participants were 245 nurses working in six tertiary hospitals located in 3 different regions. Data collection was conducted from February 13, 2023 to March 6, 2023 through online self-reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 27 and SPSS PROCESS Macro 4.2 program.
Results
The direct effect of diversity management on organizational commitment was significant (β = .21, p < .001). The indirect effect of diversity management on organization commitment was .34 (95% confidence interval [CI] = .23~.47). The double mediating effect of diversity sensitivity orientation and positive nursing organizational culture in the relationship between diversity management and organizational commitment was .02 (95% CI = .00~.05).
Conclusion
Diversity sensitivity orientation and positive nursing organizational culture show double mediating effect on the relationship between diversity management and organizational commitment. Education program and human resource management strategy for enhancing diversity management, diversity sensitivity orientation and positive nursing organizational culture should be provided to improve organizational commitment, and which are needed active support of the association and nursing organization.

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Review Paper

Factors Related to Emotional Leadership in Nurses Manager: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Jang, Se Young , Park, Chan Mi , Yang, Eun Hee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):119-138. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24026

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to identify research trends related to emotional leadership among nurse managers by conducting a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. This study sought to derive insights that could contribute to improving emotional leadership in nursing practice.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and Meta-Analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science, Research Information Sharing Service, Koreanstudies Information Service System, Korean Medical Database, KoreaMed, ScienceON, and DBpia were searched to obtain papers published in English and Korean. Literature searches and screenings were conducted for the period December 1, 2023 to December 17, 2023. The effect size correlation (ESr) was calculated for each variable and the meta-analysis was performed using the statistical software SPSS 29.0, R 4.3.1.
Results
Twenty-five (four personal, six job, and fifteen organizational) relevant variables were identified through the systematic review. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the total overall effect size was ESr = .33. Job satisfaction (ESr = .40) and leader-member exchange (ESr = .75) had the largest effect size among the job and organizational-related factors.
Conclusion
Emotional leadership helps promote positive changes within organizations, improves organizational effectiveness, and increases member engagement and satisfaction. Therefore, it is considered an important strategic factor in improving organizational performance.

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Research Papers

Factors Influencing Sexual Experiences in Adolescents Using a Random Forest Model: Secondary Data Analysis of the 2019~2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey Data: Yang, Yoonseok , Kwon, Ju Won , Yang, Youngran; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):193-210. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23134

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model for the sexual experiences of adolescents using the random forest method and to identify the “variable importance.” Methods: The study utilized data from the 2019 to 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which included 86,595 man and 80,504 woman participants. The number of independent variables stood at 44. SPSS was used to conduct Rao-Scott χ² tests and complex sample t-tests. Modeling was performed using the random forest algorithm in Python. Performance evaluation of each model included assessments of precision, recall, F1-score, receiver operating characteristics curve, and area under the curve calculations derived from the confusion matrix.
Results
The prevalence of sexual experiences initially decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but later increased. “Variable importance” for predicting sexual experiences, ranked in the top six, included week and weekday sedentary time and internet usage time, followed by ease of cigarette purchase, age at first alcohol consumption, smoking initiation, breakfast consumption, and difficulty purchasing alcohol.
Conclusion
Education and support programs for promoting adolescent sexual health, based on the top-ranking important variables, should be integrated with health behavior intervention programs addressing internet usage, smoking, and alcohol consumption. We recommend active utilization of the random forest analysis method to develop high-performance predictive models for effective disease prevention, treatment, and nursing care.

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Impact of Anthropometric Indices of Obesity on the Risk of Incident Hypertension in Adults with Prehypertension: A Secondary Analysis of a Cohort Study: Jang, Se Young , Kim, Jihun , Kim, Seonhwa , Lee, Eun Sun , Choi, Eun Jeong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(1):18-31. Published online February 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23067

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the impact of anthropometric indices of obesity (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist hip ratio, and body fat percentage) on the incidence of hypertension in adults with prehypertension.
Methods
A longitudinal study design using secondary data form the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study was employed. The study included 1,838 adults with prehypertension tracked every two years from 2001 to 2018. Statistical analyses, including frequency assessments, number of cases per 1,000 person-years, log-rank tests, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox’s proportional hazards regression, were conducted using SPSS version 25.
Results
Over the observation period (15,783.6 person-years), 1,136 individuals developed hypertension. The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in the obesity groups defined by BMI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.33), waist circumference (HR = 1.34), waist hip ratio (HR = 1.29), and body fat percentage (HR = 1.31) compared to the non-obese group. These findings indicate an increased risk of hypertension associated with obesity as measured by these indices.
Conclusion
The study underscores the importance of avoiding obesity to prevent hypertension in individuals with prehypertension. Specifically, BMI, waist circumference, waist hip circumference, and body fat percentage were identified as significant risk factors for hypertension. The results suggest the need for individualized weight control interventions, emphasizing the role of health professionals in addressing the heightened hypertension risk in this population.

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Investigating the Gut Microbiota Profile in Prehypertensive Individuals Exhibiting Phlegm-Dampness Constitution
Ning Yu, Yaotang Yang, Guangyun Wang, Yanhong Wang, Mei Feng, Peilin Yang, Shuang Liu, Rui-rui Wang, Lei Zhang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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National Petition Analysis Related to Nursing: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling: Ko, HyunJung , Jeong, Seok Hee , Lee, Eun Jee , Kim, Hee Sun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):635-651. Published online December 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23052

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the main keyword, network structure, and main topics of the national petition related to “nursing” in South Korea.
Methods
Data were gathered from petitions related to the national petition in Korea Blue House related to the topic “nursing” or “nurse” from August 17, 2017, to May 9, 2022. A total of 5,154 petitions were searched, and 995 were selected for the final analysis. Text network analysis and topic modeling were analyzed using the Netminer 4.5.0 program.
Results
Regarding network characteristics, a density of 0.03, an average degree of 144.483, and an average distance of 1.943 were found. Compared to results of degree centrality and betweenness centrality, keywords such as “work environment,” “nursing university,” “license,” and “education” appeared typically in the eigenvector centrality analysis. Topic modeling derived four topics: (1) “Improving the working environment and dealing with nursing professionals,” (2) “requesting investigation and punishment related to medical accidents,” (3) “requiring clear role regulation and legislation of medical and nonmedical professions,” and (4) “demanding improvement of healthcare-related systems and services.” Conclusion: This is the first study to analyze Korea's national petitions in the field of nursing. This study's results confirmed both the internal needs and external demands for nurses in South Korea. Policies and laws that reflect these results should be developed.

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Voice of Customer Analysis of Nursing Care in a Tertiary Hospital: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
Hyunjung Ko, Nara Han, Seulki Jeong, Jeong A Jeong, Hye Ryoung Yun, Eun Sil Kim, Young Jun Jang, Eun Ju Choi, Chun Hoe Lim, Min Hee Jung, Jung Hee Kim, Dong Hyu Cho, Seok Hee Jeong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(5): 529. CrossRef
A Study on Internet News for Patient Safety Campaigns: Focusing on Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
Sun-Hwa Shin, On-Jeon Baek
Healthcare.2024; 12(19): 1914. CrossRef

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Development of Nursing Clinical Judgment Scale: Kwon, Shi Nae , Park, Hyojung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):652-665. Published online December 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23042

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to develop a nursing clinical judgment scale (NCJS) and verify its validity and reliability in assessing the clinical judgment of nurses.
Methods
A preliminary instrument of the NCJS comprising 38 items was first developed from attributes and indicators derived from a literature review and an in-depth/focus interview with 12 clinical nurses. The preliminary tool was finalized after 7 experts conducted a content validity test based on a data from a preliminary survey of 30 hospital nurses in Korea. Data were collected from 443 ward, intensive care unit, emergency room nurses who voluntarily participated in the survey through offline and online for the verification of the construct validity and reliability of the scale.
Results
The final scale comprised 23 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Six factors – integrated data analysis, evaluation and reflection on interventions, evidence on interventions, collaboration among health professionals, patient-centered nursing, and collaboration among nurse colleagues – accounted for 64.9% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of the measurement model, comprising six factors (root mean square error of approximation = .07, standardized root mean square residual = .04, comparative fit index = .90). Cronbach’s α for all the items was .92.
Conclusion
The NCJS is a valid and reliable tool that fully reflects the characteristics of clinical practice, and it can be used effectively to evaluate the clinical judgment of Korean nurses. Future research should reflect the variables influencing clinical judgment and develop an action plan to improve it.

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How the nursing work environment moderates the relationship between clinical judgment and person-centered care among intensive care unit nurses
Mi Hwa Seo, Eun A. Kim, Hae Ran Kim, Mohammad Jamil Rababa
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0316654. CrossRef
Effects of Critical Thinking Disposition, Clinical Judgement, and Nurse–Physician Collaboration on Triage Competency Among Triage Nurses
Ji-Won Song, Hyung-Ran Park
Healthcare.2025; 13(4): 405. CrossRef

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Development of a Reward Scale for Hospital Nurses: Kim, Sun Hee , Kim, Eun-Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(5):525-537. Published online October 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23057

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to develop and test a reward scale for hospital nurses.
Methods
The initial items were identified through a literature review and focus group interviews with ten hospital nurses. The content validity of the items was evaluated by ten experts. Fifty-one items were derived from the pilot survey. Four hundred eighty-eight nurses participated in the study: 248 for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 240 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were analyzed using item analysis, EFA, CFA, convergent validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS 29.0.
Results
The final scale consisted of 31 items and eight factors (decent wage, opportunity to grow and develop, support for special situations, various benefits, flexibility of work, job-related achievement, reflecting career and performance, and recognition), which explained 67.3% of the total variance. The eight-subscale model was validated by CFA. Convergent validity was evaluated by analyzing correlation with intention to leave (r = - .63, p < .001) and job satisfaction (r = .54, p < .001). The known-group validity was evaluated by comparing the reward scales according to age, clinical career, income level and hospital type. The scale was found to be reliable with a Cronbach’s α of .89.
Conclusion
Both the validity and reliability of the reward scale for hospital nurses are verified, which can enhance the understanding of the range of rewards and may assist nurse managers in establishing an effective reward system.

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Optimized nursing management in the Central Sterile Supply Department and Gastroenterology Department: a retrospective controlled study
Dali Wang
American Journal of Translational Research.2024; 16(12): 7480. CrossRef

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Development and Validation of a Dignity in Care Scale of Terminally Ill Patients for Nurses: Ahn, Yun Sil , Oh, Pok Ja; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(3):340-358. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23039

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to develop an instrument to showcase Dignity in Care of Terminally Ill Patients for Nurses and to examine its validity and reliability.
Methods
A total of 58 preliminary items on dignity in care of terminally ill patients for nurses were selected using content validity analysis and expert opinions on 97 candidate items derived through a literature review and qualitative focus group interviews. Questionnaires were administered to 502 nurses caring for terminally ill cancer patients at hospice and palliative care institutions. The data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity, and Pearson correlation for criterion validity, reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha.
Results
The final instrument consisted of 25 items, with four factors identified through confirmatory factor analysis. Four factors-ethical values and moral attitudes, interaction-based communication, main-taining comfort, professional insight and competence–accounted for 61.8% of the total variance. Cronbach’s ⍺ for total items was .96, and test-retest reliability of intraclass correlation coefficient was .90.
Conclusion
Since its validity and reliability have been verified through various methods, the Dignity in Care Scale of Terminally Ill Patients for Nurses can be used for develop nursing interventions and improve dignity in care of terminally ill patients.

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Development and Validation of a Dignity in Care Scale of Terminally Ill Patients for Nurses
Yun Sil Ahn, Pok Ja Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(3): 340. CrossRef

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The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the 5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination Scale: Bae, SuYeon , Kim, HeeJu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(3):324-339. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23021

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to valuate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the 5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination (K-5C) scale.
Methods
The English version of the 5C scale was translated into Korean, following the World Health Organization guidelines. Data were collected from 316 community-dwelling adults. Content validity was evaluated using the content validity index, while construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was examined by assessing the correlation with vaccination attitude, and concurrent validity was evaluated by examining the association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination status. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also evaluated.
Results
Content validity results indicated an item-level content validity index ranging from .83 to 1, and scale-level content validity index, averaging method was .95. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of the measurement model, comprising a five-factor structure with a 15-item questionnaire (RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .05, CFI = .97, TLI = .96). Convergent validity was acceptable with a significant correlation between each sub-scale of the 5C scale and vaccination attitude. In concurrent validity evaluation, confidence, constraints, and collective responsibility of the 5C scale were significant independent predictors of the current COVID-19 vaccination status. Cronbach’s alpha for each subscale ranged from .78 to .88, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for each subscale ranged from .67 to .89.
Conclusion
The Korean version of the 5C scale is a valid and reliable tool to assess the psychological antecedents of vaccination among Korean adults.

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COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and 5C psychological antecedents amid the omicron surge in South Korea and China
Minjung Lee, Chenyuan Qin, Yubin Lee, Jie Deng, Myoungsoon You, Jue Liu
Vaccine.2025; 43: 126515. CrossRef

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Effects of Health Education Using Virtual Reality for Adolescents: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis: Park, SoMi , Chung, ChaeWeon , Kim, Gaeun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(2):177-190. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23003

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of health interventions using virtual reality (VR) on improving knowledge, attitudes, and skills; and inducing behavioral change among adolescents.
Methods
This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. We searched Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Korean databases between database inception and April 10, 2021. Based on heterogeneity, a random- or fixed-effects model was used, as appropriate, to calculate effect sizes in terms of the standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR). Studies were selected if they verified the effects of health education using VR on adolescents; there was an appropriate control group; and if the effects of education were reported in terms of changes in knowledge, attitudes, skills, or behaviors.
Results
This analysis included six studies (n = 1,086). The intervention groups showed greater responses in knowledge and attitudes (SMD = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.12 to 1.02]), skills related to health behavior (SMD = -0.45, 95% CI [-0.71 to -0.19]), and behavioral change after 12 months (OR = 2.36, 95% CI [1.03 to 5.41]).
Conclusion
The results confirm the effectiveness of health interventions using virtual reality (VR). Although the analysis include a small number of studies, a case can be made for health interventions using VR to be utilized as educational methods and strategies to prevent risky behaviors among adolescents.

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Development and Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Intervention for Reducing Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors in Female Adolescents: A Pilot Study
SoMi Park, Yun Jeong Hwang, ChaeWeon Chung
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Chinese nurses’ perspectives on child-friendly healthcare practice assessment: a qualitative study
Wei Xiao Huang, Mei Chan Chong, Li Yoong Tang, Xiao Xia Liu, Mei Fang, Yun Yun Shen, Xiao Li Guo
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Implementation of a Childcare-Based Obesity Prevention Program for Vulnerable Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for School Nurses
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The Journal of School Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Pathway Analysis on the Effects of Nursing Informatics Competency, Nursing Care Left Undone, and Nurse Reported Quality of Care on Nursing Productivity among Clinical Nurses: Yu, Mi , Kim, Se Young , Ryu, Ji Min; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(2):236-248. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22110

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Nursing informatics competency is used to manage and improve the delivery of safe, high-quality, and efficient healthcare services in accordance with best practices and professional and regulatory standards. This study examined the relationship between nursing informatics competency (NIC), nursing care left undone, and nurse reported quality of care (NQoC) and nursing productivity. A path model for their effects on nursing productivity among clinical nurses was also established.
Methods
Data were collected using structured questionnaires answered by 192 nurses working in a tertiary hospital located in J city, Korea, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 and AMOS 21.0 program.
Results
The fit indices of the alternative path model satisfied recommended levels χ2 = .11 (p= .741), normed χ2 (χ2/df) = .11, SRMR = .01, RMSEA = .00, GFI = 1.00, NFI = 1.00, AIC = 18.11. Among the variables, NIC (β = .44, p < .001), NQoC (β = .35, p < .001) had a direct effect on nursing productivity. Due to the mediating effect of NQoC on the relationship between NIC and nursing productivity, the effect size was .14 (95% CI .08~.24). Meanwhile, nursing care left undone through NQoC in the relationship between NIC and nursing productivity, has a significant mediation effect (estimate .01, 95% CI .00~.03). The explanatory power of variables was 44.0%.
Conclusion
Education and training for enhancing NIC should be provided to improve nursing productivity, quality of care and to reduce missed nursing care. Furthermore, monitoring the quality of nursing care and using it as a productivity index is essential.

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Effect of Digital Health Interventions on Psychotic Symptoms among Persons with Severe Mental Illness in Community: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Oh, Eunjin , Gang, Moonhee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):69-86. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22121

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of digital health interventions on the psychotic symptoms among people with severe mental illness in the community.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Intervention Research Systematic Review Manual and PRISMA. A literature search was conducted of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for digital health interventions from January 2022 to April 2022. RevMan software 5.3 was used for quality assessment and meta-analysis.
Results
A total 14 studies out of 9,864 studies were included in the review, and 13 were included in meta-analysis. The overall effect size of digital health interventions on psychotic symptoms was - 0.21 (95% CI = - 0.32 to - 0.10). Sub-analysis showed that the reduction of the psychotic symptoms was effective in the schizophrenia spectrum group (SMD = - 0.22; 95% CI = - 0.36 to - 0.09), web (SMD = - 0.41; 95% CI = - 0.82 to 0.01), virtual reality (SMD = - 0.33; 95% CI = - 0.56 to - 0.10), mobile (SMD = - 0.15; 95% CI = - 0.28 to - 0.03), intervention period of less than 3 months (SMD = - 0.23; 95% CI = - 0.35 to - 0.11), and non-treatment group (SMD = - 0.23; 95% CI = - 0.36 to - 0.11).
Conclusion
These findings suggest that digital health interventions alleviate psychotic symptoms in patients with severe mental illnesses. However, well-designed digital health studies should be conducted in the future.

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A Review of Mobile App-Based Psychosocial Intervention for Personal and Clinical Recovery for People With Psychosis
Dowon You, Narae Jeong
Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research.2024; 27(1): 1. CrossRef

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Keyword Network Analysis and Topic Modeling of News Articles Related to Artificial Intelligence and Nursing: Ha, Ju-Young , Park, Hyo-Jin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):55-68. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22117

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the main keywords, network properties, and main topics of news articles related to artificial intelligence technology in the field of nursing.
Methods
After collecting artificial intelligence-and nursing-related news articles published between January 1, 1991, and July 24, 2022, keywords were extracted via preprocessing. A total of 3,267 articles were searched, and 2,996 were used for the final analysis. Text network analysis and topic modeling were performed using NetMiner 4.4.
Results
As a result of analyzing the frequency of appearance, the keywords used most frequently were education, medical robot, telecom, dementia, and the older adults living alone. Keyword network analysis revealed the following results: a density of 0.002, an average degree of 8.79, and an average distance of 2.43; the central keywords identified were ’education,’ ‘medical robot,’ and ‘fourth industry.’ Five topics were derived from news articles related to artificial intelligence and nursing: ‘Artificial intelligence nursing research and development in the health and medical field,’ ‘Education using artificial intelligence for children and youth care,’ ‘Nursing robot for older adults care,’ ‘Community care policy and artificial intelligence,’ and ‘Smart care technology in an aging society.’ Conclusion: The use of artificial intelligence may be helpful among the local community, older adult, children, and adolescents. In particular, health management using artificial intelligence is indispensable now that we are facing a super-aging society. In the future, studies on nursing intervention and development of nursing programs using artificial intelligence should be conducted.

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Mapping the Landscape of AI-Driven Human Resource Management: A Social Network Analysis of Research Collaboration
Mehrdad Maghsoudi, Motahareh Kamrani Shahri, Mehrdad Agha Mohammad Ali Kermani, Rahim Khanizad
IEEE Access.2025; 13: 3090. CrossRef
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Learning on Nursing Students' Ethical Decision-making and Clinical Reasoning in Pediatric Care
Hyewon Shin, Jennie C. De Gagne, Sang Suk Kim, Minjoo Hong
CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2024; 42(10): 704. CrossRef
Research trends over 10 years (2010-2021) in infant and toddler rearing behavior by family caregivers in South Korea: text network and topic modeling
In-Hye Song, Kyung-Ah Kang
Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(3): 182. CrossRef

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Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Ischemic Stroke Distress Scale (ISDS): Kang, Jaejin , Yoo, Yang-Sook; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):12-27. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22090

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to develop a scale to measure distress in patients with ischemic stroke and verify its validity and reliability.
Methods
Preliminary items were developed from literature review and in-depth interviews. The final preliminary scale was confirmed through a content validity test of eight experts and a preliminary survey of 10 stroke patients. The participants for psychometric testing were 305 stroke patients in the outpatient clinic. Validity and reliability analyses included item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency of the scale.
Results
The final scale consisted of 17 items and 3 factors. The three distinct factors were ‘self-deprecation, worry about future health, and withdrawal from society’ and this structure was validated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was supported by comparison with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (r = .54, p < .001) and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (r = .67, p < .001). Known-groups validity was verified by dividing groups according to ‘duration since diagnosis’ (t = 2.65, p = .009), ‘presence of sequela’ (t = 10.16, p < .001), and ‘awareness of distress’ (t = 12.09, p < .001). The internal consistency of the scale using Cronbach’s α for the total items was .93.
Conclusion
The Ischemic Stroke Distress Scale is a valid and reliable tool that reflects stroke distress effectively. It is expected to be used as a basic tool to develop various intervention strategies to reduce distress in ischemic stroke patients.

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The Reliability and Validity of Korean Version of the Infertility Stigma Scale (K-ISS): Kim, Miok , Ban, Minkyung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(6):582-597. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22068

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to translate the Infertility Stigma Scale (ISS) into Korean and to evaluate its reliability and validity in the Korean context.
Methods
Data were collected from 350 women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF). Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 25.0 and AMOS 22.0. Content validity was analyzed using the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index/averaging (S-CVI/Ave). The preliminary survey was conducted on 20 women who had experienced IVF at least once to check the level of understanding of the tool and the time required to fill out the questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test construct validity. Additionally, hypothesis-testing construct validity were tested. Cronbach’s α was used to assess the reliability.
Results
The Korean-ISS (K-ISS) consists of 25 items, excluding two items from the original ISS questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors, which explained 75.6% of the total variance. The four distinct factors were infertility stigma with self-devaluation (56.8%), public stigma (8.1%), social withdrawal (6.5%), and family stigma (4.2%). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the 25 items in the four-factor structure were validated (χ² /df ≤ 3, RMSEA ≤ 10). The hypothesis-testing construct validity of K-ISS against FPI (r = .58∼.71, p < .001) and FQI (r = - .49∼- .65, p < .001) was tested and found to be significant. The internal consistency reliability of the K-ISS, assessed using Cronbach’s α, was .97.
Conclusion
The K-ISS has satisfactory construct validity and reliability; therefore, it can help minimize the negative impact of stigma by measuring the stigma associated with women experiencing infertility.

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The Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Readiness for Practice Survey for Nursing Students: Lee, Tae Wha , Ji, Yoonjung , Yoon, Yea Seul; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(6):564-581. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22032

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Readiness for Practice Survey (K-RPS).
Method
The English Readiness for Practice Survey was translated into Korean using the Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretesting, and Documentation (TRAPD) method. Secondary data analysis was performed using the dataset from the New Nurse e-Cohort study (Panel 2020) in South Korea. This study used a nationally representative sample of 812 senior nursing students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were also conducted. Convergent validity within the items and discriminant validity between factors were assessed to evaluate con-struct validity. Construct validity for hypothesis testing was evaluated using convergent and discriminant validity. Ordinary α was used to assess reliability.
Results
The K-RPS comprises 20 items examining four factors: clinical problem solving, learning experience, professional responsibilities, and professional preparation. Although the convergent validity of the items was successfully verified, discriminant validity between the factors was not. The K-RPS construct validity was verified using a bi-factor model (CMIN/DF 2.20, RMSEA .06, TLI .97, CFI .97, and PGFI .59). The K-RPS was significantly correlated with self-esteem (r = .43, p < .001) and anxiety about clinical practicum (r = - .50, p < .001). Internal consistency was reliable based on an ordinary α of .88.
Conclusion
The K-RPS is both valid and reliable and can be used as a standardized Korean version of the Readiness for Practice measurement tool.

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Readiness for Practice among Senior Nursing Students in South Korea: A Cross-sectional Study
Jihye Kim, Kyungmi Lee, Hye Suk Jun
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(1): 54. CrossRef
The mediating effect of transition shock on the relationship between readiness for practice and turnover intention of new graduate nurses in South Korea: A longitudinal study
Taewha Lee, Eunkyung Kim, Yoonjung Ji
Nurse Education Today.2024; 143: 106394. CrossRef

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Review Paper

Effects of Leadership Styles of Nursing Managers on Turnover Intention of Hospital Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Cho, Yunjeong , Jeong, Seok Hee , Kim, Hee Sun , Kim, Young Man; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(5):479-498. Published online October 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22039

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to examine effect sizes of leadership styles of nursing managers on turnover intention of hospital nurses.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Participants were nurses working in hospitals. The intervention involved nursing managers’ leadership styles; the outcome assessed was nurses’ turnover intention. This was an observational study design. Eleven databases were searched to obtain articles published in Korean or English. Of the 14,428 articles reviewed, 21 were included in systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and R software programs were used.
Results
The total effect size r (ESr) was - 0.25 (95% confidence interval: - 0.29 to - 0.20). Effect sizes of each leadership style on turnover intention were as follows: ethical leadership (ESr = - 0.34), transformational leadership (ESr = - 0.28), authentic leadership (ESr = - 0.23), transactional leadership (ESr = - 0.21), and passive avoidant leadership (ESr = 0.13). Ethical leadership was the most effective style in decreasing turnover intention of hospital nurses.
Conclusion
Positive leadership styles of nurse managers effectively decrease turnover intention of hospital nurses, and negative leadership styles of nurse managers effectively increase turnover intention of hospital nurses. The ethical leadership style is the most effective in decreasing turnover intention of hospital nurses; however, it requires careful interpretation as its effects are reported by only two studies. This study contributes to addressing the high turnover rate of hospital nurses and developing positive leadership styles of nurse managers in hospital settings.

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The effect of organizational communication and grit on turnover intention of rehabilitation hospital nurses: A cross-sectional correlation study
Inji Ha, Heeok Park, Ji Hun Joung
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2025; 27(1): 35. CrossRef
Mediating Effect of Leader-Member Exchange on the Ethical Leadership of Nursing Unit Managers and Turnover Intention of Clinical Nurses: A Nationwide Survey using Proportional Quota Sampling
Jihun Kim, Sunmi Kim, Nara Han, Seok Hee Jeong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(1): 42. CrossRef
Effects of Resilience, Nursing Managers’ Empowering Leadership on Turnover Intention among New Nurses: Mediating role of Transition Shock
Hyun Jin Jung, Hyun Kyung Kim, Seok Hee Jeong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(3): 212. CrossRef
Investigation of the relationship between nurses' perception of toxic leadership and their organizational trust levels and turnover intentions
Sultan Türkmen Keskin, Meltem Özduyan Kiliç
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2024; 80(5): 1859. CrossRef
The structural relationship of job stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention among youth sports education leaders in Korea
Myung Kyu Jung, Tae Gyeom Jung, Min Woo Jeon, Ji Hae Lee
Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Patient Safety Management System, Leadership, and Communication Types on Nurse’ Patient Safety Management Activities
Eunji Lee, Haejung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 367. CrossRef
Nursing-sensitive Indicators in East Asian Hospitals: A Scoping Review
Jae Jun Lee, Won Jin Seo, Dong Ah Park, Hwa Yeong Oh, Seung Eun Lee
Quality Improvement in Health Care.2024; 30(2): 88. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Nurses Turnover in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Abdulmajeed M. Albalawi, Glezzeelyne P. Pascua, Sameer A. Alsaleh, Walaa Sabry, Sitti Nursa Ahajan, Jeseela Abdulla, Amal Abdulalim, Suad S. Salih, Sulaiman Al Sabei
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Effects of Nursing Unit Managers’ Authentic Leadership, Transformational Leadership, and Transactional Leadership on Turnover Intention in Advanced Beginner Nurses: Mediation Effects of Positive Psychological Capital
Eun Jeong Kim, Eungyung Kim, Son Ja Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(4): 409. CrossRef
Factors related to the organizational silence of Korean nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kyungja Kang, Jeong-Hee Kim
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(3): 302. CrossRef

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Research Paper

An Analysis of Tasks of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 in a Nationally-Designated Inpatient Treatment Unit: Jung, Minho , Kim, Moon-Sook , Lee, Joo-Yeon , Lee, Kyung Yi , Park, Yeon-Hwan; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(4):391-406. Published online August 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22056

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to provide foundational knowledge on nursing tasks performed on patients with COVID-19 in a nationally-designated inpatient treatment unit.
Methods
This study employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative method investigated the content and frequency of nursing tasks for 460 patients (age ≥ 18y, 57.4% men) from January 20, 2020, to September 30, 2021, by analyzing hospital information system records. Qualitative data were collected via focus group interviews. The study involved interviews with three focus groups comprising 18 nurses overall to assess their experiences and perspectives on nursing care during the pandemic from February 3, 2022, to February 15, 2022. The data were examined with thematic analysis.
Results
Overall, 49 different areas of nursing tasks (n = 130,687) were identified based on the Korean Patient Classification System for nurses during the study period. Among the performed tasks, monitoring of oxygen saturation and measuring of vital signs were considered high-priority. From the focus group interview, three main themes and eleven sub-themes were generated. The three main themes are “Experiencing eventfulness in isolated settings,” “All-around player,” and “Reflections for solutions.” Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to ensure adequate staffing levels, compensation, and educational support for nurses. The study further propose improving guidelines for emerging infectious diseases and patient classification systems to improve the overall quality of patient care.

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Exploring Nursing Care for Patients With COVID-19 Using International Classification for Nursing Practice–Based Nursing Records
Sumi Sung, Hyesil Jung, Youlim Kim
CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2024; 42(2): 127. CrossRef
Burnout among Nurses in COVID-19 Designated Units Compared with Those in General Units Caring for Both COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Patients
Kyung Ah Woo, Eun Kyoung Yun, JiSun Choi, Hye Min Byun
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(4): 374. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of the Functional Ingredients and Physiological Activities of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai
In-Seo Yoo, Ae-Jung Kim
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Review Paper

Patient Safety Management Activities of Korean Nurses: A Meta-Analytic Path Analysis: Jeong, Seohee , Jeong, Seok Hee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(4):363-377. Published online August 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22022

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to test a hypothetical model of Korean nurses’ patient safety management activities using meta-analytic path analysis.
Methods
A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-analytic path analysis were conducted following the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Seventy-four studies for the meta-analysis and 92 for the meta-analytic path analysis were included. The R software program (Version 3.6.3) was used for data analysis.
Results
Four variables out of 49 relevant variables were selected in the meta-analysis. These four variables showed large effect sizes (ESr = .54) or median effect sizes (ESr = .33∼.40) with the highest k (number of studies) in the individual, job, and organizational categories. The hypothetical model for the meta-analytic path analysis was established using these variables and patient safety management activities. Twelve hypothetical paths were set and tested. Finally, the perception of the importance of patient safety management and patient safety competency directly affected patient safety management activities. In addition, self-efficacy, the perception of the importance of patient safety management, patient safety competency, and patient safety culture, indirectly affected patient safety management activities.
Conclusion
Self-efficacy, the perception of the importance of patient safety management, patient safety competency, and the organization’s patient safety culture should be enhanced to improve nurses’ patient safety management activities.

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The influencing factors of pediatric nurses’ perception of patient safety culture and partnership with patients’ parents on patient safety nursing activities in South Korea: a descriptive study
Seo Jin Lee, Young Ran Han
Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(4): 255. CrossRef
Effects of Nurse-Nurse Collaboration and Nurse-Physician Collaboration on Nursing Performance in Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Patient Safety Management Activities
JaHyun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Sunmi Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 343. CrossRef
Mediating Effects of Job Satisfaction between Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture and Their Safety Nursing Activities
I Jung Han, Young Ran Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(1): 46. CrossRef
The Effects of Professional Autonomy, Job Satisfaction, and Perceived Patient-Safety Culture on Nurses' Patient-Safety Management Activities: A Cross-Sectional Study
Bokja Koak, Junglim Seo, Eunji Song, Haneul Shin, Jaehee Jeon
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(2): 117. CrossRef

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Research Papers

Images of Nurses Appeared in Media Reports Before and After Outbreak of COVID-19: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling: Park, Min Young , Jeong, Seok Hee , Kim, Hee Sun , Lee, Eun Jee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(3):291-307. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22002

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The aims of study were to identify the main keywords, the network structure, and the main topics of press articles related to nurses that have appeared in media reports.
Methods
Data were media articles related to the topic “nurse” reported in 16 central media within a one-year period spanning July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020. Data were collected from the Big Kinds database. A total of 7,800 articles were searched, and 1,038 were used for the final analysis. Text network analysis and topic modeling were performed using NetMiner 4.4.
Results
The number of media reports related to nurses increased by 3.86 times after the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak compared to prior. Pre- and post-COVID-19 network characteristics were density 0.002, 0.001; average degree 4.63, 4.92; and average distance 4.25, 4.01, respectively. Four topics were derived before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, respectively. Pre-COVID-19 example topics are “a nurse who committed suicide because she could not withstand the Taewoom at work” andf “a nurse as a perpetrator of a newborn abuse case,” while post-COVID-19 examples are “a nurse as a victim of COVID-19,” “a nurse working with the support of the people,” and “a nurse as a top contributor and a warrior to protect from COVID-19.” Conclusion: Topic modeling shows that topics become more positive after the COVID-19 outbreak. Individual nurses and nursing organizations should continuously monitor and conduct further research on nurses’ image.

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Honoring donors: medical students’ reflections on cadaveric dissection
Young Gyu Kwon, Myeong Namgung, Song Hee Park, Mi Kyung Kim, Chan Woong Kim, Hyo Hyun Yoo
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Voice of Customer Analysis of Nursing Care in a Tertiary Hospital: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
Hyunjung Ko, Nara Han, Seulki Jeong, Jeong A Jeong, Hye Ryoung Yun, Eun Sil Kim, Young Jun Jang, Eun Ju Choi, Chun Hoe Lim, Min Hee Jung, Jung Hee Kim, Dong Hyu Cho, Seok Hee Jeong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(5): 529. CrossRef
Impact of a game-based interprofessional education program on medical students’ perceptions: a text network analysis using essays
Young Gyu Kwon, Myeong Namgung, Song Hee Park, Mi Kyung Kim, Sun Jung Myung, Eun Kyung Eo, Chan Woong Kim
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of issues related to nursing law: Examination of news articles using topic modeling
JooHyun Lee, Hyoung Eun Chang, Jaehyuk Cho, Seohyun Yoo, Joonseo Hyeon, Andrea Cioffi
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(8): e0308065. CrossRef
Medical students’ perceptions of improving physician satisfaction and patient care: a text network analysis approach
Young Gyu Kwon, Myeong Namgung, Song Hee Park, Mi Kyung Kim, Hyo Hyun Yoo, Chan Woong Kim
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Socialisation of children to nurse and nursing images: A Goffman‐inspired thematic analysis of children's picture books in a Swedish context
Stinne Glasdam, Hongxuan Xu, Sigrid Stjernswärd
Nursing Inquiry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Agendas on Nursing in South Korea Media: Natural Language Processing and Network Analysis of News From 2005 to 2022
Daemin Park, Dasom Kim, Ah-hyun Park
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2024; 26: e50518. CrossRef
Research trends over 10 years (2010-2021) in infant and toddler rearing behavior by family caregivers in South Korea: text network and topic modeling
In-Hye Song, Kyung-Ah Kang
Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(3): 182. CrossRef
The Analysis of Research Trends and Public Awareness of Smart Farms using Text Mining
Sung-Ho Kil, Hye-Mi Park, Eunseok Lee, Jin-Young Kim, Ji-Woo Kim
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National Petition Analysis Related to Nursing: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
HyunJung Ko, Seok Hee Jeong, Eun Jee Lee, Hee Sun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(6): 635. CrossRef
An analysis of Research Published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing from 2013 to 2022 using Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
Eun Jo Kim, Kuem-Sun Han
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(2): 188. CrossRef
Chronological Changes in the Portrayal of Korean Nurses in TV Documentaries
Eunjin Kim, Gumhee Baek, Aram Cho, Mijin Byun
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(4): 341. CrossRef
A topic modeling analysis for Korean online newspapers: Focusing on the social perceptions of nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic period
Soo Jung Chang, Sunah Park, Yedong Son
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(4): 444. CrossRef

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Influence of Learning Presence of Non-Face-to-Face Class Experience in Nursing Students on Academic Achievement: Mediating Effect of Learning Flow and Moderated Mediation of Digital Literacy: Ryu, Eui Jeong , Jang, Keum Seong , Kim, Eun A; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(3):278-290. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21241

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of learning flow and the moderated mediation effect of digital literacy on the effect of the learning presence of non-face-to-face class experience in nursing students on academic achievement.
Methods
Participants were 272 nursing students from six universities in two different cities. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure learning presence, learning flow, digital literacy, and academic achievement. Analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro (4.0).
Results
The mediating effect of learning flow on the effect of learning presence on academic achievement was 0.42, and the moderated mediation index of digital literacy was 0.17. Learning flow showed a mediating effect on the relationship between learning presence and academic achievement. Digital literacy had a moderated mediation effect on the relationship between learning presence and academic achievement that was mediated by learning flow.
Conclusion
The intensity of the mediating effect of nursing students’ learning presence on academic achievement through learning flow increases as the level of digital literacy increases. These results suggest that educational programs considering the level of learning presence, learning flow, and digital literacy are required to promote the academic achievement of nursing college students.

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Study on the Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence and Digital Literacy of Dental Hygiene Students
Seon-Ju Sim, Ji-Hye Kim, Min-Hee Hong, Su-Min Hong, Myung-Jin Lee
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2024; 24(3): 171. CrossRef
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Jeongim Lee, Su Ol Kim
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(2): 87. CrossRef
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Yali Li, Qi Jing, Taiwen Feng, Xiaoling Yang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(4): 385. CrossRef
Relationship between learning flow and academic performance among students: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis
Zhang Jinmin, Fang Qi
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Interorganizational Networks for Smoking Prevention and Cessation: A Blockmodeling Approach: Park, Eun-Jun , Kim, Hyeongsu , Lee, Kun Sei , Cho, Junghee , Kim, Jin Hyeong , Jeong, Ho Jin , Lee, Ji An; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):202-213. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21192

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study examined characteristics and patterns of interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation in Korea.
Methods
We surveyed two community health centers, ninety-five hospitals or clinics, ninety- two pharmacies, and sixty-five health welfare organizations in two districts of Seoul in 2020. Data on the organizations’ characteristics of smoking cessation and interorganizational activities for information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration were collected and analyzed using network statistics and blockmodeling.
Results
Network size was in the order of information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration networks. Network patterns for interorganizational activities on information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration among four organizations were similar between the two districts. Community health centers provided information and received clients from a majority of the organizations. Their interactions were not unidirectional but mutual with other organizations. Pharmacies were involved in information sharing with health welfare organizations and client referrals to hospitals or clinics. Health welfare organizations were primarily connected with the community health centers for client referrals and program collaboration.
Conclusion
A community health center is the lead agency in interorganizational activities for smoking prevention and cessation. However, hospitals or clinics, pharmacies, and health welfare organizations also participate in interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation with diverse roles. This study would be evidence for developing future interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation.

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Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Couple Satisfaction Index: Kim, Suk-Sun , Gil, Minji , Kim, Daeun , Kim, Sunhai , Heo, Dayeon , Moon, Nan Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):228-227. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21177

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The study aimed to translate the Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI 32) into Korean, to evaluate the reliability and validity of CSI 32 and short-form (CSI 16, 4) in the Korean context, and to determine a cut-off score for Korean couples.
Methods
Korean Versions of the Couple Satisfaction Index (K-CSI) 32 was translated, back-translated, and reviewed by five bilingual experts. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with data from a sample of 218 couples (N = 436) to test construct validity. Validity and reliability were evaluated. The receiver’s operating characteristics curve analysis was used to obtain the cut-off score.
Results
The construct validities of K-CSI 32, 16, and 4 were verified using one-factor structures. The results of CFA showed a slightly better fit for K-CSI 16 and 4 than for K-CSI 32. Convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations of K-CSI with Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Family Relationship Assessment Scale. Moreover, the significant differences in K-CSI between normal and depressive group demonstrated known-group validity. Cut-off scores of 105.5 on K-CSI 32, 50.25 on K-CSI 16, and 13.25 on K-CSI 4 were validated to identify distressed couple relationships.
Conclusion
For clinical practice, the reliable and valid K-CSI 32 has the potential to measure changes in couple satisfaction after couple therapy or interventions. Applying K-CSI 32 may facilitate research on couple and family relationships in nursing and contribute to the discussion on the role of couple satisfaction in mental health.

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Online coaching blended couple‐oriented intervention for preventing depression among Korean middle adulthood: A feasibility study
Minji Gil, Suk‐Sun Kim, Daeun Kim, Sunhai Kim
Family Process.2023; 62(4): 1478. CrossRef

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Review Paper

Effect of Auriculotherapy on Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Choi, Sun Yeob , Kim, Yeo Ju , Kim, Bomi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(1):4-23. Published online February 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21121

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of auriculotherapy on musculoskeletal pain in adults.
Methods
A total of 885 studies were retrieved from nine databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, RISS, KMbase, and KISS). Sixteen studies were selected for meta-analysis, which satisfied the inclusion criteria and the evaluation of risk of bias. Demographic data, auriculotherapy types, intervention characteristics, auricular points, and outcomes related to pain (subjective pain scale, and amount of analgesic) were extracted from all included studies. The effect size of auriculotherapy was analyzed through comprehensive meta analysis 3.0, and the presence of publication bias was analyzed through a funnel plot and Egger’s regression.
Results
The results of the meta-analysis (n = 16) revealed that the auriculotherapy was significantly superior to the control group on present pain in adults (Hedges’ g = - 0.35, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = - 0.55~- 0.15). According to the results of subgroup analysis, the effect size of auricular acupuncture therapy (Hedges’ g = 0.45, 95% CI = - 0.75~- 0.15) was higher than the auricular acupuncture (Hedges’ g = 0.27, 95% CI = - 0.53~0.00): the longer the intervention period, the greater the effect size.
Conclusion
In this study, auriculotherapy demonstrates a significant reduction in musculoskeletal pain in adults. Therefore, it is necessary to refine the curriculum to include auriculotherapy as a nursing intervention to relieve musculoskeletal pain in adults and encourage its use in clinical settings.

Citations

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Holistic Nursing Practice.2025; 39(1): 15. CrossRef
Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Pain and Stress in Nursing College Students With Cervical Pain: A Single-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
Yuna Cho, Eunmi Cho, Eunseol Cho, Yeonju Chae, Eunkyung Choi, Hyeongyeong Yoon
Pain Management Nursing.2025; 26(1): e59. CrossRef
Adapting and Evaluating a Theory-Driven, Non-Pharmacological Intervention to Self-Manage Pain
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Healthcare.2024; 12(10): 969. CrossRef
The State of 21st Century Acupuncture in the United States
Clasina Smith, Bill Reddy, Charis Wolf, Rosa Schnyer, Korina St John, Lisa Conboy, Jen Stone, Lixing Lao
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Effect of Auriculotherapy on Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Journal of Holistic Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2023; 22(6): 610. CrossRef

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Research Paper

The Development of a Tool for Assessment of Spiritual Distress in Cancer Patients: Kim, Jin Sook , Ko, Il-Sun , Koh, Su Jin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(1):52-65. Published online February 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21120

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was conducted to develop a scale to measure spiritual distress in cancer patients.
Methods
A total of 69 preliminary items for the spiritaul distress assessment tool (SDAT) were compiled, based on a literature review, selection of empirically relevant items through concept analysis of hybrid models, confirmation of content validity by experts, cognitive interviews, and a pretest. Self-administered questionnaires were collected between April 1 and July 31, 2018, from 225 cancer patients at four medical institutions and one nursing home. The data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity, and Pearson correlation for criterion validity. Reliability was tested by Cronbash’s α coefficient.
Results
The final version of the SDAT consisted of 20 items. Five-factors, loss of peace, burden of family, avoidance of confronting death, guilt and remorse, regret for not being able to apololgize and forgive were extracted, and showed 62.8% of total variance. The factors were confirmed through convergent and discriminant validity. Criterion validity was confirmed by functional assessment chronic illness therapy spiritual well-being scale 12 (FACIT-Sp12). The overall Cronbach’s α was .91, and the coefficients of each subscale ranged from .78~.83.
Conclusion
The SDAT for cancer patients is valid and reliable. It is suggested that the tool can be used to measure spiritual distress in cancer patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Validity and reliability of the integrated palliative care outcome scale (IPOS) in Korea: a multicenter study of terminally ill cancer patients
So-Jung Park, Yujin Park, Mira Han, Sun-Hyun Kim, In Cheol Hwang, Go-un Woo, Yoo Jeong Lee, Young Sung Kim, Hyun Jung Jho, Yoon Jung Chang
BMC Palliative Care.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Family caregivers’ perceived value of caring for older patient: A hybrid model of concept analysis
Seon-Hye Heo, Hye-Ryoung Kim
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2023; 25(2): 152. CrossRef
Spiritual Distress in Patients with Dyspnea: A Review of Measurement Tools
Leah McCann Klug
Illness, Crisis & Loss.2023; 31(4): 736. CrossRef

533 View
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1 Web of Science
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