Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Review Paper

Risk factors for the readmission of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Hyerim Ji, Sun-Kyung Hwang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(4):634-650. Published online November 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25072

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the readmission of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies were retrieved from international databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) and Korean databases (RISS, KoreaMed, KMbase, KISS, and DBpia). Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman adjustment to account for the limited number of studies and heterogeneity.
Results
Fifteen studies were included in the review, and eight were eligible for meta-analysis. From the systematic review, 21 risk factors for DKA readmission were identified and categorized into five domains: demographic, socioeconomic, diabetes-related, comorbidity, and health-behavioral factors. In the meta-analysis, significant risk factors included low income, psychiatric disorders, and discharge against medical advice.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that DKA readmissions result from the complex interplay of multiple clinical and social factors. By identifying these risk factors and suggesting risk-stratification criteria, the findings may support the development of tailored interventions, such as self-management education, integrated mental health care, structured discharge planning, and coordinated post-discharge follow-up.

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Research Papers

Serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression on the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety in high-risk pregnant couples of South Korea: Mihyeon Park, Sukhee Ahn; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):19-33. Published online February 4, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24070

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study examined the direct effects of fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression on anxiety in pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy-related conditions and their husbands. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression in the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety.
Methods
A survey-based study was conducted among pregnant women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy conditions at 24–32 weeks and their husbands, recruited from a pregnant women’s online community between January 20, 2021 and July 20, 2022. Data were collected from 294 individuals (147 couples) using self-report questionnaires. Correlations between variables were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp.), and the mediation effects were assessed using the PROCESS macro, model 6.
Results
In the maternal model, maternal-fetal attachment directly affected anxiety (p=.005), with antepartum depression partially mediating this relationship (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.26 to –0.01). In the paternal model, paternal-fetal attachment had no direct effect on anxiety (p=.458). However, social support and antepartum depression fully mediated the relationship between paternal-fetal attachment and anxiety (95% CI, –0.14 to –0.03).
Conclusion
The findings indicate that social support in the relationship between fetal attachment and depression in high-risk pregnant women and their partners can have direct or indirect effects on the negative emotions of high-risk pregnant couples. It is necessary to assess the level of anxiety in couples experiencing high-risk pregnancies and provide comprehensive nursing interventions that address fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression in order to reduce anxiety.

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Psychometric Properties of the Fall Risk Perception Questionnaire-Short Version for Inpatients in Acute Care Hospitals: Jeeeun Choi, Sujin Lee, Eunjin Park, Sangha Ku, Sunhwa Kim, Wonhye Yu, Eunmi Jeong, Sukhee Park, Yusun Park, Hye Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):151-161. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23127

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Patients’ perception of fall risk is a promising new indicator for fall prevention. Therefore, a fall risk perception questionnaire that can be used rapidly and repeatedly in acute care settings is required. This study aimed to develop a short version of the fall risk perception questionnaire (Short-FRPQ) for inpatients.
Methods
For the psychometric measurements, 246 inpatients were recruited from an acute care hospital. The construct (using confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant validity of each item), convergent, and known-group validities were tested to determine the validity of the Short-FRPQ. McDonald’s omega coefficient was used to examine the internal consistency of reliability.
Results
In the confirmatory factor analysis, the fit indices of the Short-FRPQ, comprising 14 items and three factors, appeared to be satisfactory. The Short-FRPQ had a significantly positive correlation with the original scale, the Korean Falls Efficacy Scale-International, and the Morse Fall Scale. The risk of falls group, assessed using the Morse Fall Scale, had a higher score on the Short-FRPQ. McDonald’s omega coefficient was .90.
Conclusion
The Short-FRPQ presents good reliability and validity. As patient participation is essential in fall interventions, evaluating the fall risk perception of inpatients quickly and repeatedly using scales of acceptable validity and reliability is necessary.

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Effects of a Health Partnership Program Using Mobile Health Application for Male Workers with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Randomized Controlled Trial: Eun Jin Kim, Seon Young Hwang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(1):44-58. Published online February 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23090

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to apply a health partnership program using commercially available mobile health apps to improve cardiovascular risk factors in male employees and verify its effectiveness.
Methods
Using a randomized control group pretest-posttest design, male employees with cardiovascular risk factors from five small and medium-sized workplaces were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 31). The experimental group was encouraged to use three mobile health apps for 12 weeks to acquire the necessary cardiovascular disease-related information and practice strengthening training, walking, and diet management appropriate to their level. They also received feedback on their weekly activities and motivational text messages from health partners. Hypotheses were tested using the SPSS WIN 22.0.
Results
The experimental group showed a significant difference compared to the control group in terms of their perception of mobile health app (p < .05), self-efficacy for exercise and diet, self-management partnership, and cardiovascular disease prevention health behavior (p < .001). In particular, there were significant decreases in the body mass index, ratio, serum fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and triglyceride in the experimental group (p < .001); however, there was no significant difference in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Conclusion
Intervention using mobile apps based on partnership with health managers is effective in improving the objective cardiovascular risk index in male employees; therefore, such intervention should be continuously used as a useful lifestyle modification strategy in the workplace.

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Adherence to a Heart-Healthy Lifestyle
Yura Shin, Jina Choo, Songwhi Noh
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Incidence and Risk Factors of Dyslipidemia after Menopause: Ihn Sook Jeong, Hae Sun Yun, Myo Sung Kim, Youn Sun Hwang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):214-227. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21188

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was aimed at investigating the incidence and risk factors of dyslipidemia in menopausal women using a Korean community-based longitudinal study.
Methods
The subjects were 245 postmenopausal women without dyslipidemia who had participated in the Ansan-Ansung cohort study from 2001~2002 (baseline) to 2015~2016 (seventh follow-up visit). The dyslipidemia incidence was measured as incidence proportion (%) and incidence rate per 100 person-years. The predictors of developing dyslipidemia were analyzed with Cox’s proportional hazard model.
Results
The incidence of new dyslipidemia during the follow-up period was 78.4% (192 patients), and 11.9 per 100 person-years. Mean duration from menopause to developing dyslipidemia was 5.3 years in new dyslipidemia cases. The triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (TG/HDL-C) ratio at baseline (hazard ratio = 2.20; 95% confidence interval = 1.39~3.48) was independently associated with developing dyslipidemia.
Conclusion
Dyslipidemia occurs frequently in postmenopausal women, principally within five years after menopause. Therefore, steps must be taken to prevent dyslipidemia immediately after menopause, particularly in women with a high TG/HDL-C ratio at the start of menopause.

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Middle-aged Korean women’s experiences of physical activity during the transition to menopause: a grounded theory approach
Hee Jung Cho, Sukhee Ahn
Women's Health Nursing.2025; 31(3): 215. CrossRef
Middle-aged women’s experiences of physical activity for managing menopausal symptoms: a phenomenological study
Hee Jung Cho, Sukhee Ahn
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2023; 29(2): 104. CrossRef
Relationship between sleep duration and prevalence of hypertension among Korean postmenopausal middle-aged women
Eun Young Hong, Hye Ja Gu
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2023; 40(5): 43. CrossRef
Identification of subgroups with poor lipid control among patients with dyslipidemia using decision tree analysis: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2019 to 2021
Hee Sun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(2): 131. CrossRef

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Incidence and Predictors of Cataract among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Using Secondary Data Analysis from the Ansan Cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study: Ihn Sook Jeong, Eun Joo Lee, Myo Sung Kim, Jung Ok Yu, Hae Sun Yun, Jeong Hee Jeong, Youn Sun 6 Hwang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(1):24-35. Published online February 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21081

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of cataract in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) using data from Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).
Methods
Data from a total of 329 patients with type 2 DM without cataract who participated in Ansan cohort of the KoGES from baseline survey (2001–2002) to fifth follow-up visit (2011–2012) were examined. The characteristics of the subjects were analyzed with frequency and percentage, and mean and standard deviation. Cataract incidence was measured as incidence proportion (%). For risk factors of cataract, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using the Cox proportional hazard model.
Results
The cataract incidence over a 10-year follow-up period was 19.1% (15.1 in males and 25.8 in females), and mean age at the incidence of cataract was 63.48 years (61.58 years in males and 65.31 years in females). Age (HR=1.09, 95% CI=1.05–1.13) and HbA1c (HR=1.21, 95% CI=1.07–1.37) or the duration of DM (HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.00–1.09) were found to be independently associated with cataract development.
Conclusion
Cataract development in people with DM is common, and its likelihood increases with age, HbA1c, and the duration of DM. Considering negative effect of cataract on their quality of life and economic burden, nurses should identify people with DM at a higher risk of cataract development, and plan individual eye examination programs to detect cataract development as early as possible.

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Spatiotemporal trend of sensory impairments in China and its provinces from 2011 to 2018: insights from CHARLS
Zhijian Zhang, Zhennan Cai, Cong Li, Shunming Liu, Sheng Li, Lei Liu, Lijun Zhang
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and factors associated with visual impairment in middle-aged and older Chinese population
Hanyuan Ye, Yun Zeng, Hongxia Xiao, Jing Yu, Yun Liu, Shuang Zhang, Bingjie Zhang
Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Development of a Diabetic Foot Ulceration Prediction Model and Nomogram: Eun Joo Lee, Ihn Sook Jeong, Seung Hun Woo, Hyuk Jae Jung, Eun Jin Han, Chang Wan Kang, Sookyung Hyun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(3):280-293. Published online June 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20257

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) to develop and evaluate the performance of a DFU prediction model and nomogram among people with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods
This unmatched case-control study was conducted with 379 adult patients (118 patients with DM and 261 controls) from four general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, foot examination, and review of patients’ electronic health records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to build the DFU prediction model and nomogram. Further, their performance was analyzed using the Lemeshow–Hosmer test, concordance statistic (C-statistic), and sensitivity/specificity analyses in training and test samples.
Results
The prediction model was based on risk factors including previous foot ulcer or amputation, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, current smoking, and chronic kidney disease. The calibration of the DFU nomogram was appropriate (χ² = 5.85, p = .321). The C-statistic of the DFU nomogram was .95 (95% confidence interval .93~.97) for both the training and test samples. For clinical usefulness, the sensitivity and specificity obtained were 88.5% and 85.7%, respectively at 110 points in the training sample. The performance of the nomogram was better in male patients or those having DM for more than 10 years.
Conclusion
The nomogram of the DFU prediction model shows good performance, and is thereby recommended for monitoring the risk of DFU and preventing the occurrence of DFU in people with DM.

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Nomogram for Predicting the Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sook Kyoung Park, Hye Young Kim, Hyuk Joon Kim
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Original Articles

Effects of Spouse-Participated Health Coaching for Male Office Workers with Cardiocerebrovascular Risk Factors: So Hee Kang, Seon Young Hwang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):748-759. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.748

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the effect of spouses participating in health coaching on stage of the change, health behaviors, and physiological indicators among male office workers with cardiocerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and compare the findings with trainers who provided health coaching only to workers.

Methods

A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from a manufacturing research and development company in the city of Gyeonggi province. The health coaching program for the experimental group (n=26) included individual counseling sessions according to workers' stage of change, and provision of customized health information materials on CVD prevention to workers and their spouses for 12 weeks through mobile phone and email.

Results

After 12 weeks of intervention, the total score for health behavior, and scores on the sub-areas of exercise and health checkups significantly improved in the experimental group, but there were no significant differences in the scores of stage of the change and physical indicators. The results of a paired t-test showed a significant decrease in the body mass index, abdominal circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride values, and a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol value in the experimental group after the intervention.

Conclusion

To improve the health of male workers with CVD risk factors in the workplace, sharing health information with their spouses has proven to be more effective than health coaching for only workers. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies to encourage spousal participation when planning workplace health education for changing health-related behaviors.

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Effects of a Health Partnership Program Using Mobile Health Application for Male Workers with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Eun Jin Kim, Seon Young Hwang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(1): 44. CrossRef
Effects of a Remote Physical Activity Improvement Program on Male Office Workers with Metabolic Syndrome in Their 30s and 40s with Sedentary Behavior: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Kyong Sil Park, Seon Young Hwang
Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(2): 81. CrossRef
An intervention study of a combined intervention of positioning and hand massage in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation
Yun Kyeong Lee, Mihae Im, Haeryun Cho
Nursing Open.2023; 10(3): 1404. CrossRef

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Path Analysis for Delirium on Patient Prognosis in Intensive Care Units: Sunhee Lee, Sun-Mi Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):724-735. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.724

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to investigate relationship between delirium, risk factors on delirium, and patient prognosis based on Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model.

Methods

This study utilized a path analysis design. We extracted data from the electronic medical records containing delirium screening data. Each five hundred data in a delirium and a non-delirium group were randomly selected from electronic medical records of medical and surgical intensive care patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and AMOS 24.

Results

In the final model, admission via emergency department (B=.06, p=.019), age over 65 years (B=.11, p=.001), unconsciousness (B=.18, p=.001), dependent activities (B=.12, p=.001), abnormal vital signs (B=.12, p=.001), pressure ulcer risk (B=.12, p=.001), enteral nutrition (B=.12, p=.001), and use of restraint (B=.30, p=.001) directly affecting delirium accounted for 56.0% of delirium cases. Delirium had a direct effect on hospital mortality (B=.06, p=.038), hospital length of stay (B=5.06, p=.010), and discharge to another facility (not home) (B=.12, p=.001), also risk factors on delirium indirectly affected patient prognosis through delirium.

Conclusion

The use of interventions to reduce delirium may improve patient prognosis. To improve the dependency activities and risk of pressure ulcers that directly affect delirium, early ambulation is encouraged, and treatment and nursing interventions to remove the ventilator and drainage tube quickly must be provided to minimize the application of restraint. Further, delirium can be prevented and patient prognosis improved through continuous intervention to stimulate cognitive awareness and monitoring of the onset of delirium. This study also discussed the effects of delirium intervention on the prognosis of patients with delirium and future research in this area.

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Hongtao Cheng, Simeng Song, Yonglan Tang, Shiqi Yuan, Xiaxuan Huang, Yitong Ling, Zichen Wang, Xiaoying Tian, Jun Lyu
BMC Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Preoperative Anxiety and Its Postoperative Associated Factors in Patients Receiving Post Anesthetic Recovery Care at Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Yul Ha Lee, Hye-Ja Park
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(3): 267. CrossRef
Delirium Experience of the Intensive Care Unit Patients
Jaeyeon Jung, Sujin Jang, Seonmi Jo, Sunhee Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(2): 134. CrossRef
The training needs of Korean intensive care unit nurses regarding delirium
Young Sook Roh
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing.2021; 62: 102954. CrossRef
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Heejeong Kim, Sun-Mi Lee
Journal of Nursing Care Quality.2021; 36(4): 361. CrossRef
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Jiyeon Kang, Min Jeong Choi
Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2021; 14(3): 141. CrossRef

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Effects of an Integrated Physical Activity Program for Physically Inactive Workers - Based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model -: Hye-Jin Kim, Jina Choo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(6):692-707. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.692

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

We aimed to examine the effects of an integrated physical activity (PA) program developed for physically inactive workers on the theoretical basis of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model.

Methods

Participants were 268 workers in three departments of L manufacturing unit in South Korea. The three departments were randomly allocated into integration (n=86) (INT), education (n=94) (ED), and control (n=88) (CT) groups. The INT group received self-regulation, support, and policy-environmental strategies of a 12-week integrated PA program, the ED group received self-regulation strategies only, and the CT group did not receive any strategies. After 12 weeks, process evaluation was conducted by using the measures of self-regulation (autonomous vs. controlled regulation), autonomy support, and resource availability; impact evaluation by using PA measures of sitting time, PA expenditure, and compliance; and outcome evaluation by using the measures of cardiometabolic/musculoskeletal health and presenteeism.

Results

Among process measures, autonomous regulation did not differ by group, but significantly decreased in the CT group (p=.006). Among impact measures, PA compliance significantly increased in the INT group compared to the CT group (p=.003). Among outcome measures, the changes in cardiometabolic/musculoskeletal health and presenteeism did not differ by group; however, systolic blood pressure (p=.012) and a presenteeism variable (p=.041) significantly decreased only in the INT group.

Conclusion

The integrated PA program may have a significant effect on increases in PA compliance and significant tendencies toward improvements in a part of cardiometabolic health and presenteeism for physically inactive workers. Therefore, occupational health nurses may modify and use it as a workplace PA program.

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Hyung-Eun Seo, Mijung Yeom, Hye-Jin Kim
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Assessment of Gestational Age using New Ballard Examination in High-Risk Infants: Young Mee Ahn, Sang Mi Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(2):176-185. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.2.176

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE: Knowing the accurate GA is critical in nursing care of high-risk newborns. A descriptive study was performed to examine the reliability and clinical applicability of the new Ballard examination (NBE) in high-risk infants. METHOD: A NBE was performed to measure GA by assessing the neuromuscular and physical maturity in the course of physical examination of a convenient sample of 50 high-risk infants. RESULTS: 1) There was a highly correlation between both the GA by LMP (GA-LMP) and GA by NBE (GA-NBE) (r = .894, p = .000) 2) There was a greater positive relationship in neuromuscular maturity than physical maturity in the GA-NBE of the high-risk newborn (r = .657 versus r = .915, p<. 05). 3) The high-risk infants were thoes with congenital anomalies, prematurity, and RDS(Respiratory Distress Syndrome). Male infants showed a higher neuromuscular maturity, compared to female infants. 4) There was a positive correlation between neuromuscular, physical, total maturity, GA-LMP and GA-NBE in the birth weight, 1 minute Apgar score. CONCLUSION: The study supports the reliability an clinical relevance of NBE in assessment of the accurate GA in high-risk infants.

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Effects of Motivation-Enhancing Program on Health Behaviors, Cardiovascular Risk factors, and Functional status for Institutionalized Elderly Women: Rhayun Song, Kyung Ja June, You Ja Ro, Chun Gill Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):858-870. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.858

Abstract PDF

This study was to compare changes in health behaviors, motivational factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and functional status (SIP) after implementing the 6-month motivation-enhancing program to institutionalized elderly women.
METHODS
Sixty-four elderly women participated. Face to face interviews with blood sampling and anthropometric assessment were conducted at the pretest, 10 weeks and 6 months during the program.
RESULTS
1. The program participants showed significantly better health behaviors over 6 months. The mean motivational level was also significantly improved, especially for perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and emotional salience. 2. The mean of cardiovascular risk factors for the participants was 21.8 at the level of low to moderate risk. After completing the program, total risk score was significantly decreased to 18.7 at 10 weeks, and further to 17.7 at 6 months. A significant reduction was also found in HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels, blood pressure, obesity, inactivity, and stress. 3. The functional status (SIP) was 11% at the baseline and significantly changed in positive direction at 10 weeks (M=9.3) and at 6 month (M=6.3). The significant improvement was also found in physical and psychosocial dimensions and sleep/rest dimension.
CONCLUSION
The motivation enhancing program was effective to reduce cardiovascular risks and to improve the functional status of institutionalized elderly women by motivating them to perform better health behaviors.

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Effects of Nutrition Education and Exercise Programs on Perceived Dietary Behaviors, Food Intake and Serum Lipid Profiles in Elderly Korean Women Living in Residential Homes
Hee-Seon Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Rhayun Song
Asian Nursing Research.2007; 1(1): 35. CrossRef
Effects of a health-promotion program on cardiovascular risk factors, health behaviors, and life satisfaction in institutionalized elderly women
Chun-Gill Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Rhayun Song
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2003; 40(4): 375. CrossRef

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Fasting Glucose of Adults: Hee Seung Kim, You Ja Ro, Nam Cho Kim, Yang Sook Yoo, Jin Sun Young, Jeong Ah Oh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(6):1479-1487. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.6.1479

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted to draw out prevalence and the risk factors of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose for adults,(age 30-69). The subjects were 2096 adults, who had regular health examinations between January and December of 1999 at K Hospital in Seoul. The data was analyzed using chi-square test, unpaired t-test and logistic regression. Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose were diagnosed by ADA (American Diabetes Association, 1997) criteria. The results were as follows: 1. Mens' prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 7.9% and womens' prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 3.8%. Mens' prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 10.4% and womens' prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 6.5%. Prevalences of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose increased with age. 2. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose of obese subjects (relative body weight>=162) was higher than that of overweight subjects (110<=relative body weight<=119) in men and women. 3. The diagnoses of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose increased with systolic blood pressure and triglyceride. 4. Significant factors associated with diabetes in the logistic regression best gut model were age, relative body weight, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride in men, and systolic blood pressure in women. In conclusion, as age, weight, systolic blood pressure and triglyceride get higher, Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose prevalence also increases, porportionally.

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The Relation of Impaired Fasting Glucose and HDL-Cholesterol by Gender and Body Mass Index
Soo-Hee Jin
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(1): 8. CrossRef
Effects of Obesity and Family History of Diabetes on the Association ofCETPrs6499861 with HDL-C Level in Korean Populations
Jae Woong Sull, Soriul Kim, Sun Ha Jee
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2019; 8(2): 252. CrossRef
Current Status and Effects of Nutrition Education Programs for Diabetic Patients in Korea
Hae Jin Kang
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2018; 19(2): 106. CrossRef
Effect of smoking on the association of HHEX (rs5015480) with diabetes among Korean women and heavy smoking men
Jae Woong Sull, Tae Yong Lee, Sun Ha Jee
BMC Medical Genetics.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Spatial Distribution of Diabetes Prevalence Rates and Its Relationship with the Regional Characteristics
Eun-Kyung Jo, Eun-Won Seo, Kwang-Soo Lee
Health Policy and Management.2016; 26(1): 30. CrossRef
The Relationship between Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adult Males and the Parents' Family History of Diabetes
Hyung-Su Park, Jin-Gyu Jeong, Jin-Ho Yu
The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences.2013; 8(5): 779. CrossRef
Thigh Circumference and Diabetes: Obesity as a Potential Effect Modifier
Keum Ji Jung, Heejin Kimm, Ji Eun Yun, Sun Ha Jee
Journal of Epidemiology.2013; 23(5): 329. CrossRef

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A Study on the Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm of Diabetic Patients: Hwa Soon Kim, Wha Sook Suh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):741-749. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.741

Abstract PDF: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between reversed circadian blood pressure and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects. The subjects in this study were 18 NIDDM patients who were hospitalized in a medical unit of an university medical center located in Incheon, Korea, between November, 1998 and March, 1999. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer by 2 trained examiners every 2 hours during 24 hours. NIDDM subjects were divided into a dipper group and non-dipper group. Dippers are defined as those who show a mean nighttime blood pressure(BP) drop of more than 10% compared with daytime BP. Non-dippers are defined as those who show a mean nighttime BP drop of less than 10%, or an elevation in BP compared with daytime BP. Daytime BP included values obtained between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. Night time BP included values obtained between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. Data was analyzed by SPSS/PC package. Chi-square( 2) test was used for the comparison of sex between The dipper group and non-dipper group. Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons of values of the risk factors of peripheral vascular disease and the frequency of complications of diabetes between the dipper group and non-dipper group. The results are as follows. There were no significant differences in daytime systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures between the dipper group and non-dipper group. However, night time systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures in the non-dipper group were significantly nigher than those in the dipper group (p=.021). There were no differences in sex, age, body, weight, duration of diabetes, serum lipid levels, BUN and HbA1c between the two groups. On the contrary, 87.5% of non-dipper group subjects showed having hypertension, 30% of dipper group subjects showed having hypertension and this difference was statistically significant (p=.018). All of the non-dipper group subjects (N=8) showed having at least one diabetic complication. However, 40% of the dipper group subjects (N=10) showed having no diabetic complication at all and this difference was also statistically significant (p=.049). There were no significant differences in frequency of nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy between the dipper group and non-dipper group.

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Lifestyles Effects on Stroke Risk in Different Regions in Korea: Smi Choi-Kwon, Eun Kyung Kim, Mi Yang Jeon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(3):729-738. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.3.729

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke is a leading cause of death in Korea. Early measurement to prevent stroke are extremely important since it has no cure. Korean might have different risk factors since their dietary habit and socio-economical status differ from most western countries. However, the risk factors for stroke in Korea have not yet been identified. Moreover, the lifestyle of health Korean adults has not been investigated. In this study we investigate the life of health adults living in Seoul and rural areas and compare the life style of the two. METHODS: One hundred seventy one subjects were studies. Among the subjects studied, 128 were from Seoul, the other 43 were from the country area. The age of the subjects was limited to over 40 years. Blood pressure, fast blood sugar, and cholesterol were measured. The subjects' height, weight, body mass index total body fat, skinfolds thickness of triceps, subscapular and abdomen were measured to determine obesity. Using a structured interview, we assessed : sodium intake, physical activity and exercise, consumption of vegetables, fat, fish and fruits. The results of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in age and education between the two groups of subjects. The mean age of the subjects were 66 years old. The subjects residing in rural areas had a higher intake of sodium(p<0.05), lower physical active(P<0.05), and higher BMI and body fat(p<0.05) as compared to the subjects in Seoul. Subjects with hypertension were between 24% and 33% and the prevalence of hypertension was the highest was the highest when compared to the prevalence of DM, or hypercholesterolemia. However, the prevalence of hypertension, DM, hypercholesterolemia, were not significantly different in these areas. CONCLUSION: our results show that subjects living in rural areas eat more salty food, exercise less and tend to be obese. The finding of this study lead to speculation that Korean living in rural areas have less information about the effects diet of diet on health than city dwellers do. General health and nutrition education programs aimed at the prevention of stoke and other such conditions for rural area Korean may close the risk factor gap between rural and urban dwellers.

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Evaluation of the Korean Version of Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (K-PASE)
Myoung-Ae Choe, Jeungim Kim, Mi-yang Jeon, Young-Ran Chae
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 47. CrossRef
Echocardiographic Plains Reflecting Total Amount of Epicardial Adipose Tissue as Risk Factor of Coronary Artery Disease
Jung-Won Hwang, Un-Jung Choi, Sung-Gyun Ahn, Hong-Seok Lim, Soo-Jin Kang, Byoung-Joo Choi, So-Yeon Choi, Myeong-Ho Yoon, Gyo-Seung Hwang, Seung-Jea Tahk, Joon-Han Shin, Doo-Kyung Kang
Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2008; 16(1): 17. CrossRef

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Nursing Students' Perceptions on Diet and as Environmental Factors Related to Cancer Risk Factors: Hae Kyung Lee, Seong Joo Cheon, Mi Hye Hwang, Soon Rim Suh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(1):193-200. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.1.193

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to identify how students majoring in nursing perceive cause of cancers and the effects of diet for preventing cancers. Data for the study were collected by 651 nursing students, who were registered in the second and third year in three technical colleges and third and fourth year in two universities. The research instruments included items on general characteristics of subjects, items about the degree of perception of the frequency of cancer onset and items on the perception of mortality, risk factors, preventive diets, knowledge, and high risk factor for cancer in specific body areas. The findings of this study are as follows : 1. Almost all subjects(92.8%) reported that the frequency of cancer onset increases and that it is 93.9% for people over 40. Degree of perception about cancer mortality was low at 33.0%. 2. As far as the perception of risk factors for cancer onset was concerned, smoking, stress, heredity, family history, and alcohol were rated high, over 80.0%. Risk factor in clouding, virus, hormones, pesticides were rated as low. 3. As to the perception of risk factor for body area as associated with diet salted and scorched food were rated at 44.5% for stomach cancer, alcohol, 50.4% for liver cancer, smoking, 72.8% for lung cancer, pregnancy times, 25.3%, and marriage age, 23.0% for uterine cancer, and no delivery experience, 40% for breast cancer. 4. The knowledge score for cancer was between 12 and 36, with a mean score of 26.75(SD=4.13). There was a statistically significant difference between experience in caring for cancer patients during clinical practice and knowledge score(t=3.09, p=.002).

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Literature Review of Structural Equation Models for Hospital Nurses' Turnover Intention in Korea
Eunhye Kim, Jinhyun Kim
Perspectives in Nursing Science.2014; 11(2): 109. CrossRef
Cancer Risk Perception and Cancer Related Health Behavior in College Students
Gye Young Shin, Mee Kyoung Joo
Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2010; 10(2): 137. CrossRef

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Correlations between Weight, Body Mass Index(BMI) and Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease in Men and Women in their Forties and Fifties: Hee Seung Kim, Hye Sun Jeong, Kyung Sil Han; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(1):184-192. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.1.184

Abstract PDF

This study was done to examine the correlations between weight, BMI and risk factors of coronary heart disease in men and women in their forties and fifties. The subjects were 412 adults, who had regular health examinations between January and December of 1996 at S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are as follows : 1. The men between 50 and 59 years of age had higher levels for BMI, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, plasminogen activator-1, and hemoglobin A1C than the group of women in their forties. Yet, HDL-cholesterol was lower than in the former group. 2. In the group of men in their forties, weight was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), LDL-cholesterol(r=.20), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(r=.35) HDL-cholesterol(r=-.19). Their BMI was significantly corrected to systolic blood pressure(r=.27), diastolic blood pressure(r=.33), total cholesterol(r=.23), LDL-cholesterol(r=.26), plasminogen activator-1(r=.36) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.25). 3. As for the group of women in their forties weight was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.20), diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), triglyceride(r=.32), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(r=.30) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.37). Their BMI was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.25) triglyceride(r=.47), plasminogen activator-1(r=.35), fibrinogen(r=.27) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.47). 4. In the group of men in their fifties, weight was significantly correlated to total cholesterol(r=.32), LDL-cholesterol(r=.29), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(r=.26). Their BMI was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.24), diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), total cholesterol(r=.34), LDL-cholesterol(r=.32), and plasminogen activator-1(r=.25). 5. In the group of women in their fifties, weight was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.33), total cholesterol(r=.21), LDL-cholesterol(r=.20), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(r=.43) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.21). Their BMI was significantly corrected to systolic blood pressure(r=.25), diastolic blood pressure(r=.40), total cholesterol(r=.24), LDL-cholesterol(r=.24), triglyceride(r=.22), and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.30). The above findings indicate that the BMI was more predictive than weight as a risk factor for coronary artery disease for men and women in their forties and fifties.

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Morbidity and mortality rates in women with heart disease: Lessons in gender differences from Korea
Myoung-Ae Choe, Kyungeh An
Contemporary Nurse.2003; 14(2): 158. CrossRef

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Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Profile Clusters Among Industrial Workers: Seon Young Hwang, Ji Hyun Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(8):1500-1507. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.8.1500

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of the physical and behavioral risk profiles for cardiovascular disease among industrial workers, and to examine predicting factors for the subgroups.

Sample and Methods

Health records of 2,616 male and female workers aged 19-56 years who were employed in an airplane manufacturing industry were analyzed. Data were analyzed using the Latent class cluster analysis.

Results

Four different clusters (two high-risk groups, one low-risk group, and one normal group) were found and these clusters were significantly different by age, gender, and work type (p<.05). The two high-risk groups had higher chances of drinking alcohol, elevated BMI, FBS, total cholesterol, having hypertension, and were significantly older, and had relatively high chances of being day workers rather than other groups. The low-risk group had higher chances of drinking alcohol, higher BMI and total cholesterols compared to normal group, and highest portions of current smokers and shift workers in the four clusters and their mean BP was within prehypertension criteria.

Conclusion

Industrial nurses should guide the lifestyle behaviors and risk factors of the high risk groups for CVD and need to intervene early for behavioral change for the low-risk group who are young and shift workers. Age, and work environment should be considered in planning for targeted preventive interventions for industrial workers.

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Factors Associated with Blue-collar Workers' Risk Perception of Cardiovascular Disease
Won Ju Hwang, OiSaeng Hong, Mi Ja Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(7): 1095. CrossRef

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Risk Factors for Falls among the Community-Dwelling Elderly in Korea: Kyeong Yae Sohng, Jung Soon Moon, Hae Hiang Song, Kwang Soo Lee, Young Sook Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(8):1483-1490. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.8.1483

Abstract PDF

Community-based centres were surveyed to determine the frequency of and risk factors for falls among elderly Koreans. We examined fall-related risk factors, including physiological and physical health, psychosocial functions, self-reported physical capacity and activity, vision, and the use of medication, among 351 elderly people aged 65 years or older, with ambulatory. Forty-two per cent of elderly Korean subjects reported at least one episode of falling in the previous 12 months, 38% of whom had consequences that required either the attention of a physician or hospitalization.

Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of falling were a restricted activity during the previous five years (adjusted OR 1.3), use of alternative therapy (adjusted OR 2.7), low knee flexor and extensor-muscle strength (adjusted OR 1.21 and 1.20), and poor balance with closed eyes (adjusted OR 8.32).

We conclude that falls among older persons living in the community are common in Korea and that indicator of bad health and frailty or variables directly related to neuromuscular impairment are significant predictors of the risk of falling.

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Obesity, Physical Performance, Balance Confidence, and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
Ga Yang Shim, Myung Chul Yoo, Yunsoo Soh, Jinmann Chon, Chang Won Won
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Korean Journal of Family Practice.2021; 11(4): 223. CrossRef
Prevalence, Circumstances, and Risk Factors of Falls Among Community Dwelling Members of University of the Third Age
Asmidawati Ashari, Tengku Aizan Hamid, Mohd Rizal Hussain, Rahimah Ibrahim, Keith D. Hill
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The moderating role of social factors in the relationship between an incident of fall and depressive symptoms: a study with a national sample of older adults in South Korea
Min-Kyoung Rhee, Yuri Jang, Soo Young Kim, Sujie Chang
Aging & Mental Health.2021; 25(6): 1086. CrossRef
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Managing Frailty in Community-Dwelling Korean Elderly Adults in Primary Care Settings
Hyo-Sun You, Yu-Jin Kwon, Sunyoung Kim, Yang-Hyun Kim, Ye-seul Kim, Yonghwan Kim, Yong-kyun Roh, Byoungjin Park, Young Kyu Park, Chang-Hae Park, Joung Sik Son, Jinyoung Shin, Hyun-Young Shin, Bumjo Oh, Jae-woo Lee, Jae Yong Shim, Chang Won Won, Ji Won Yoo
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(6): 413. CrossRef
Effect of Action Observation Training Using Y-Balance on Balance Capability in Young Adults
Sung Min Son, Kyung Woo Kang
The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2020; 32(2): 65. CrossRef
Epidemiology of fall and its socioeconomic risk factors in community-dwelling Korean elderly
Taekyoung Kim, Sang D. Choi, Shuping Xiong, Kyoung-Sae Na
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(6): e0234787. CrossRef
Correlation of the Korean Version of Falls Efficacy Scale-International With Quantitative Balance and Gait Parameters Through Exercise Program in Elderly Men
Bo Ram Ahn, Hyo Jung Kang, Eun Jung Choi, Soo Woong Jang, Hee Sup Chung, Kyung Soo Jeon
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2019; 43(2): 195. CrossRef
Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: III. Others
Lotta J. Seppala, Esther M.M. van de Glind, Joost G. Daams, Kimberley J. Ploegmakers, Max de Vries, Anne M.A.T. Wermelink, Nathalie van der Velde, Hubert Blain, Jean Bousquet, Gösta Bucht, Maria Angeles Caballero-Mora, Tischa van der Cammen, Patrik Eklund
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Analysis of Fall Accidents of Dizzy Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in South Korea (2011-2015)
Sung Kyun Kim, Sung Ho Lee, Seon Heui Lee, Jae Jun Song, Mi Jung Gwak, Hee Seon Lee, Gi Jung Im
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2017; 60(6): 271. CrossRef
Comparison of falls-related physical fitness and fall experience characteristics of the elderly between Ulsan, Korea and Gifu, Japan
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Michelle M. Lusardi, Stacy Fritz, Addie Middleton, Leslie Allison, Mariana Wingood, Emma Phillips, Michelle Criss, Sangita Verma, Jackie Osborne, Kevin K. Chui
Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy.2017; 40(1): 1. CrossRef
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Mizuki Hachiya, Shin Murata, Hiroshi Otao, Takehiko Ihara, Katsuhiko Mizota, Toyoko Asami
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Validation of the Short Form Bobath Memorial Hospital Fall Risk Assessment Scale at a Specialized Geriatric Hospital in Korea
Kyeong-Yae Sohng, Mi Hwa Park, Seung Kyo Chaung, Hye Ja Park
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Eun jin Choi, Sun A Kim, Nu Ri Kim, Jung-Ae Rhee, Yong-Woon Yun, Min-Ho Shin
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Risk Factors for Sexual Behaviors in Girl's High School Students: Jung Nam Sohn; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(3):430-439. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.3.430

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for sexual behaviors in Korean female high school students.

Method

Data was collected by a written questionnaire from June 22 to July 18, 2002 from 522 girls, who were stratified samples from a target population of 63,375 11th grade students from 200 regular high schools and 70 vocational high schools in Seoul, Korea. We conducted multiple regression analysis using the SAS pc+ program.

Result

Risk factors for intimate behaviors were association with boy friends, differential association, family attachment, and family abuse experience. These variables cause 68% of intimate behaviors. Risk factors for sexual experiences were differential association, association with boy friend, and family attachment. These variables cause 14% of sexual experiences.

Conclusion

Efforts to reduce sexual behaviors in girls should include the possible role of peers and develop peer leader programs.

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Analysis of sexual related predicting factors for Female University students in Korea
Jungae Kim
The journal of the convergence on culture technology.2015; 1(1): 15. CrossRef

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Maternal Transition in Mothers with High Risk Newborns: Hyun Jeong Shin; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):243-251. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.243

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was a comprehensive understanding about maternal transition in mothers with high risk newborns according to the degree of situational meaning.

Method

A methodological triangulation that combines qualitative and quantitative methods was used. The situational meaning of a high risk newborn mother was identified using a Family Meaning Attribution Scale. According to the degree of situational meaning, in-depth interviews were conducted at 3 time periods postpartum : between 3-10 days after childbirth, around the time of the newborn's discharge, and between 10-12 weeks after childbirth. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test. Qualitative data was analyzed using Tutty, Rothery, & Grinnell's methodology.

Result

The average score of the situational meaning in high the risk newborn mother was 53.57(possible score is between 0-96) and the average score of each item was 1.67. A Maternal transition process in the mother that has a positive situational meaning was conceptualized in three distinctive phases : confusion, accepting, and shaping phases. The Maternal transition process in the mother that has a negative situational meaning was also conceptualized in three distinctive phases : avoiding, conflicting, and accepting phases.

Conclusion

It is necessary that the nurses provide high risk newborn mothers with individualized care considering both the situational meaning that is attributed to them and the maternal transition phase that they are faced with.

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Concept analysis of transition to motherhood: a methodological study
Woon Young Hwang, Sun Yeob Choi, Hae Jeong An
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(1): 8. CrossRef
Effects on Maternal Attachment, Parenting Stress, and Maternal Confidence of Systematic Information for Mothers of Premature Infants.
Hyo Sin Choi, Yeong Hee Shin
Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(3): 207. CrossRef
Effects of a Home-based Discharge Program for Mothers of Premature Infants on Oxygen Therapy at Home
Ji Min Lee, Soon Ja Oh, Kyung A Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Ji Yoon Lee, Moon Sook Hwang, Jung Sook Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(2): 144. CrossRef
Life Transition of Mothers of Children with Autism
Ae Ran Lee, Sun Woo Hong, Ji Soo Kim, Se Jin Ju
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(6): 808. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of a Transitional Care Program for Patients Discharged from Military Hospitals
Seun Young Joe
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(4): 599. CrossRef
Predictors of maternal sensitivity during the early postpartum period
Hyunjeong Shin, Young‐Joo Park, Mi Ja Kim
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006; 55(4): 425. CrossRef

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Situational Meaning and Maternal Self-esteem in Mothers with High Risk Newborn: Hyun Jeong Shin; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(1):93-101. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.1.93

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was designed to explore the relationship of situational meaning with maternal self-esteem in mothers with high risk newborn.

Method

The subjects of this study were 82 mothers with high risk newborn. Data were collected using a translated Family Meaning Attribution Scale and Maternal Self-Report Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficients and Stepwise Multiple Regression.

Result

The average score of the situational meaning in high risk newborn mothers was 64.01(possible score is between 0-96) and the average score of each item was 1.98. The average score of the maternal self-esteem in high risk newborn mothers was 81.96(possible score is between 26-104) and the average score of each item was 3.15. No significant differences were found in situational meaning according to general characteristics except whether it was a planned pregnancy or not. No significant differences were found in maternal self-esteem according to general characteristics except disease or admission experience during pregnancy. There was significant positive correlation between situational meaning and maternal self-esteem.

Conclusion

It is necessary for nurses to provide high risk newborn mothers with care for improving situational meaning that is attributed to the mothers. It can be helpful to improve maternal self-esteem and in the end it will facilitate the maternal transition in mothers with high risk newborn.

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Mona Alinejad-Naeini, Mahnaz Shoghi, Hamid Peyrovi
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Dikshita Garg, Suprakash Chaudhury, Daniel Saldanha, Santosh Kumar
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Evaluation of a Community-Based Program for Breast Self-Examination Offered by the Community Health Nurse Practitioners in Korea: Chung Yul Lee, Hee Soon Kim, Il Sun Ko, Ok Kyung Ham; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(8):1119-1126. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.8.1119

Abstract PDF

Background

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among Korean women. Only 14% of urban women and 10% of rural women in Korea, however, participated in breast cancer screening behavior in 1998 (Korean Ministry of Health & Welfare, 1999).

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of community-based breast self-examination (BSE) education programs in Korea.

Methods

First, breast cancer risk appraisals were done with 1,977 rural women. Of the 1,977 women, nearly 30% (n= 494) had a higher or equal to borderline risk of developing breast cancer. This quasi-experimental study was conducted to target these women with a high or equal to borderline risk of breast cancer. The risk appraisal feedback and breast self-examination education were used as an intervention for breast cancer prevention and early detection.

Results

After a 3-month follow-up, 30.5% of the women in the intervention group performed regular BSE compared to 10.2% of women in the control group. The mean knowledge score related to breast cancer and BSE was significantly higher for the women in the intervention group than that in the control group.

Citations

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Eun Koh, Ga-Young Choi, Ji Young Cho
Health & Social Work.2016; 41(1): 51. CrossRef
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SoMi Park, ChaeWeon Chung, Barbara B. Cochrane
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The effectiveness of a nurse-delivered breast health promotion program on breast cancer screening behaviours in non-adherent Turkish women: A randomized controlled trial
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International Journal of Nursing Studies.2011; 48(1): 24. CrossRef
Effects on Nursing Students of Cognition-Behavior Integrated Breast Cancer Prevention Education Using an Interchangeable Nodule Model
So Mi Park, Bo Hwan Kim, Mi Jeong Park, Yang Heui Ahn, Chae Weon Chung
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Development of an Integrated Breast Health Program for Prevention of Breast Cancer among Middle-aged Women
Hea Kung Hur, So Mi Park, Chang Hee Kim, Jong-Ku Park, Sang Baek Koh, Gi Yon Kim
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Screening for High Risk Population of Dementia and Development of the Preventive Program Using Web: Jung Soon Kim, Ihn Sook Jeong, Yoon Jin Kim, Sun Kyung Hwang, Byung Chul Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(2):236-245. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.2.236

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to develop a screening model for identifying a high risk group of dementia and to develop and evaluate the web-based prevention program.

Method

It was conducted in 5 phases. 1) Data were collected from dementia patients and non-dementia patients in a community. 2) A screening model of the high risk population was constructed. 3) The validity test was performed and the model was confirmed. 4) Four weeks-prevention program was developed. 5) The program was administered, and evaluated the effects.

Result

The model consisted of age, illiteracy, history of stroke and hypercholesterolemia. The program was designed with 12 sessions, group health education using web-based individual instruction program, and 12 sessions of low-intensity physical exercise program. After the completion, their self-efficacy, and health behaviors in experimental group were significantly improved over those in the control group. The perceived barrier in the treatment group is significantly decreased.

Conclusion

The screening model developed is very simple and can be utilized in diverse community settings. And the web based prevention program will encourage individual learning and timely feedback, therefore it can facilitate their active participation and promote health management behaviors at home.

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Associations Among Health Insurance Type, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and the Risk of Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korea
So-Hyun Moon, Hyun-Ju Seo, Dong Young Lee, Seong Min Kim, Jeong Min Park
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Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2013; 42(11): 1727. CrossRef
Comorbidity and Health Habits of Seoul City Elders with Dementia
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Rah Il Hwang, Ji Young Lim, Young Whee Lee
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A Comparative Study on the Predictive Validity among Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scales: Young Hee Lee, Ihn Sook Jeong, Seong Sook Jeon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(2):162-169. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.2.162

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to compare the predictive validity of Norton Scale(1962), Cubbin & Jackson Scale(1991), and Song & Choi Scale(1991).

Method

Data were collected three times per week from 48-72hours after admission based on the four pressure sore risk assessment scales and a skin assessment tool for pressure sore on 112 intensive care unit(ICU) patients in a educational hospital Ulsan during Dec, 11, 2000 to Feb, 10, 2001. Four indices of validity and area under the curve(AUC) of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) were calculated.

Result

Based on the cut off point presented by the developer, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value were as follows : Norton Scale : 97%, 18%, 35%, 93% respectively; Cubbin & Jackson Scale : 89%, 61%, 51%, 92%, respectively; and Song & Choi Scale : 100%, 18%, 36%, 100% respectively. Area under the curves(AUC) of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) were Norton Scale .737, Cubbin & Jackson Scale .826, Song & Choi Scale .683.

Conclusion

The Cubbin & Jackson Scale was found to be the most valid pressure sore risk assessment tool. Further studies on patients with chronic conditions may be helpful to validate this finding.

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Seong-Hi Park, Yun-Kyoung Choi, Chang-Bum Kang
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Young Ok Kang, Rhayun Song
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Seonhyeon Baek, Jinshi Piao, Yinji Jin, Sun‐Mi Lee
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InSook Cho, Maengseok Noh
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2010; 66(2): 293. CrossRef

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Analysis of Direct Nursing Activity and Patient Outcomes Related to Graded Fee of Nursing Management for Inpatient: Seong Hi Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(1):122-129. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.1.122

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the difference of direct nursing activity and patient outcomes as mortality rate, complication rate, readmission rate and length of stay related to graded fee of nursing management for inpatient.

Method

The subjects of this study were 44 general hospitals with more than 500 beds. Data totaled to 86,044 claims provided to inpatients in Jan. 2001 requested by an electronic data interchange from a Health Insurance Review Agency. The data was analyzed by SPSS win(ver.10.0) and statistical methods used were frequency, one-way ANOVA, χ²-Test and regression.

Result

Synthetic judgment through performance index and 95% confidence interval, direct nursing activity showed to provided adequate quality of nursing care on 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th nursing degree. Also, patient outcomes showed difference by graded fee of nursing management for inpatient. Mortality rate of 2nd was the lowest with P.I. 67.9, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 4th in order. In case of complication rate, 2nd, 3rd and 4th were lower than other nursing degree. Readmission rate of 4th and 5th was the lowest. Length of stay of 2nd was the shortest with P.I. 88.3, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 4th, 6th in order.

Conclusion

The findings from this study showed that, the higher nurse-to-patient ratio, the greater amount of direct nursing care activity for the patient. Also, the more direct nursing activities influenced a lower mortality rate, complication rate and readmission rate, shorter length of stay.

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Su-Jin Cho, Jinhyun Kim
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Mee-Suk Wang, In Deok Lee, M.S. Kang, Eun-Kwang Cha, Dae-Ho Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Jeong
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Ho-Soon Yoon, Jinhyun Kim
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Su-Jin Cho, Han-Ju Lee, Ju-Yeon Oh, Jin-Hyun Kim
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Identifying Latent Classes of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease: Eunsil Ju, JiSun Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(6):817-827. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.6.817

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to identify latent classes based on major modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis using data from the electronic medical records of 2,022 patients, who were newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease at a university medical center, from January 2010 to December 2015. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 for descriptive analysis and Mplus version 7.4 for latent class analysis.

Results

Four latent classes of risk factors for coronary artery disease were identified in the final model: ‘smoking-drinking’, ‘high-risk for dyslipidemia’, ‘high-risk for metabolic syndrome’, and ‘high-risk for diabetes and malnutrition’. The likelihood of these latent classes varied significantly based on socio-demographic characteristics, including age, gender, educational level, and occupation.

Conclusion

The results showed significant heterogeneity in the pattern of risk factors for coronary artery disease. These findings provide helpful data to develop intervention strategies for the effective prevention of coronary artery disease. Specific characteristics depending on the subpopulation should be considered during the development of interventions.

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Factors Predicting the Interface Pressure Related to Pressure Injury in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Ji Seon Shine, Soo Jin Kim, Ji Hyun Lee, Mi Yu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(6):794-805. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.6.794

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

Interface pressure is a factor that contributes to the occurrence of pressure injuries. This study aimed to investigate interface pressure at common sites of pressure injury (occipital, gluteal and peritrochanteric areas), to explore the relationships among risk factors, skin condition and interface pressure, and to identify risk factors influencing interface pressure.

Methods

A total of 100 patients admitted to the intensive care unit were enrolled at a tertiary teaching hospital in Korea. Interface pressure was recorded by a scanning aid device (PalmQ). Patient data regarding age, pulmonary disease, Braden Scale score, body mass index, serum albumin, hemoglobin, mean blood pressure, body temperature, and oxygen saturation were included as risk factors. Data collected from July to September 2016 were analyzed using binary logistic regression.

Results

The mean interface pressure of the occipital, gluteal, and right and left peritrochanteric areas were 37.96 (±14.90), 41.15 (±16.04), 53.44 (±24.67), and 54.33 (±22.80) mmHg, respectively. Predictive factors for pressure injuries in the occipital area were age ≥70 years (OR 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19~9.98), serum albumin deficit (OR 2.88, 95% CI: 1.00~8.26) and body temperature ≥36.5^oC (OR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.17~8.17); age ≥70 years (OR 2.81, 95% CI: 1.10~7.15) in the right peritrochanteric area; and body temperature ≥36.5^oC (OR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.17~6.98) in the left peritrochanteric area.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that old age, hypoalbuminemia, and high body temperature may be contributory factors to increasing interface pressure; therefore, careful assessment and nursing care of these patients are needed to prevent pressure injury. Further studies are needed to establish cutoff values of interface pressure for patients with pressure ulcers.

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Characteristics and Risk Factors for Falls in Tertiary Hospital Inpatients: Eun-Ju Choi, Young-Shin Lee, Eun-Jung Yang, Ji-Hui Kim, Yeon-Hee Kim, Hyeoun-Ae Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):420-430. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.420

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore characteristics of and risk factors for accidental inpatient falls.

Methods

Participants were classified as fallers or non-fallers based on the fall history of inpatients in a tertiary hospital in Seoul between June 2014 and May 2015. Data on falls were obtained from the fall report forms and data on risk factors were obtained from the electronic nursing records. Characteristics of fallers and non-fallers were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Risk factors for falls were identified using univariate analyses and logistic regression analysis.

Results

Average length of stay prior to the fall was 21.52 days and average age of fallers was 61.37 years. Most falls occurred during the night shifts and in the bedroom and were due to sudden leg weakness during ambulation. It was found that gender, BMI, physical problems such elimination, gait, vision and hearing and medications such as sleeping pills, antiarrhythmics, vasodilators, and muscle relaxant were statistically significant factors affecting falls.

Conclusion

The findings show that there are significant risk factors such as BMI and history of surgery which are not part of fall assessment tools. There are also items on fall assessment tools which are not found to be significant such as mental status, emotional unstability, dizziness, and impairment of urination. Therefore, these various risk factors should be examined in the fall risk assessments and these risk factors should be considered in the development of fall assessment tools.

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Ecological Correlates of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Korean Blue-collar Workers: A Multi-level Study: Won Ju Hwang, Yunhee Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(6):857-867. Published online December 15, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.6.857

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate individual and organizational level of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors associated with CVD risk in Korean blue-collar workers working in small sized companies.

Methods

Self-report questionnaires and blood sampling for lipid and glucose were collected from 492 workers in 31 small sized companies in Korea. Multilevel modeling was conducted to estimate effects of related factors at the individual and organizational level.

Results

Multilevel regression analysis showed that workers in the workplace having a cafeteria had 1.81 times higher CVD risk after adjusting for factors at the individual level (p=.022). The explanatory power of variables related to organizational level variances in CVD risk was 17.1%.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that differences in the CVD risk were related to organizational factors. It is necessary to consider not only individual factors but also organizational factors when planning a CVD risk reduction program. The factors caused by having cafeteria in the workplace can be reduced by improvement in the CVD-related risk environment, therefore an organizational-level intervention approach should be available to reduce CVD risk of workers in small sized companies in Korea.

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Won Ju Hwang, Yunhee Park
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Trend Analysis in the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes According to Risk Factors among Korean Adults: Based on the 2001~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data: Young-Ju Kim, Myoung-Nam Lim, Dong-Suk Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(6):743-750. Published online December 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.743

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The objective of this study was to provide a trend analysis of the prevalence of diabetes relative to the socioeconomic, lifestyle, and physiologic risk factors among Korean adults aged over 30 years for a 10-year period using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Methods

Prevalence difference and the slope index of inequality were calculated for each risk factors using binomial regression by considering the repeated cross-sectional features of the data. The prevalence ratio and the relative index of inequality were calculated using log-binomial regression. Linear trend tests were performed using SAS 9.2.

Results

Crude prevalence of diabetes increased over the 10-year period, and was higher for men than for women. It was very high for adults 60 years or over, consistently increasing over time. The prevalence among unemployed men, women with higher level of stress, women with hypertension, and adults with serum triglyceride levels over 135 mg/dL increased over the 10-year period in comparison with the respective control group.

Conclusion

Considering the rapid economic development and associated lifestyle changes in Korea, action should be taken to control the prevalence of diabetes by both preventing and consistently monitoring these identified risk factors using a public-health approach.

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A Path Analysis on Factors Influencing Second Primary Cancer Screening Practices in Stomach, Colon, and Breast Cancer Survivors: Young Hee Yang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(2):139-148. Published online April 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.2.139

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing second primary cancer (SPC) screening practice by examining the relationships of physical symptoms, knowledge and attitudes regarding SPC screening, perceived risk, primary cancer type, and demographic factors of cancer survivors.

Methods

Participants were 308 survivors of stomach, colon, or breast cancer recruited from 2 university hospitals in Korea. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 18.0.

Results

The proportion of participants taking all cancer screenings according to national guidelines was 40%. They had moderate knowledge and a relatively positive attitude regarding SPC screening and high cancer risk perception. The participants had taken fewer SPC screenings after than before cancer diagnosis. The factors influencing cancer risk perception were age, physical symptoms, knowledge regarding SPC and primary cancer type (stomach). The factors influencing SPC screening practice were age, gender, economic status, knowledge regarding SPC screening, and primary cancer types (colon).

Conclusion

It is important for clinical professionals to recognize that survivors of cancer are susceptible to another cancer. Education on SPC screening for these survivors should focus on communicating with and encouraging them to have regular cancer screenings.

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Risk Factors for Pediatric Inpatient Falls: Myung Sook Cho, Mi Ra Song, Sun Kyung Cha; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):595-604. Published online October 15, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.595

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for pediatric inpatients falls.

Methods

The study was a matched case-control design. The participants were 279 patients under the age of 6 who were admitted between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009. Through chart reviews, 93 pediatric patients who fell and 186 ones who did not fall were paired by gender, age, diagnosis, and length of stay. Five experts evaluated the 38 fall risk factors selected by the researchers.

Results

In a general hospital, pediatric patients with secondary diagnosis, tests that need the patient to be moved, intravenous lines, hyperactivity, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics, and general anesthetics showed significance for falls on adjusted-odds ratios. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to elucidate the factors that influence pediatric inpatient falls. The probability of falls increased with hyperactivity and general weakness. Patients who didn't have tests that required them to be moved and intravenous line had a higher risk of falls.

Conclusion

These findings provide information that is relevant in developing fall risk assessment tools and prevention programs for pediatric inpatient falls.

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Effects of Tai Chi on Fall Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis: Moonkyoung Park, Rhayun Song; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(3):341-351. Published online June 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.3.341

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to analyze the effects of Tai Chi on fall-related risk factors through meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials published in English and Korean between 2000 and 2010.

Methods

Using health related database and hand search of references and Google, 28 randomized studies were collected from doctoral dissertation and published peer reviewed articles. The Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 2.0 was used for the analysis.

Results

The effect sizes for Tai Chi for 3 months were significant with ES=0.54 for static balance, ES=0.24 for dynamic balance, ES=0.69 for balance measured by scale, and ES=0.40 for flexibility, ES=0.48 for muscle strength, ES=0.71 for ADL, and ES=0.37 for fear of falling. Also, the effect sizes of Tai Chi for 6 months were significant for most fall-related variables. The 6 month data for flexibility was not analyzed since only one study was published.

Conclusion

The analysis of studies of randomized clinical trials indicate that Tai Chi is effective in improving balance, flexibility, muscle strength, activities of daily living, and fear of falling when applied for 3 or 6 months. The findings provide the objective evidence to apply Tai Chi as a fall preventive intervention.

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Factors Associated with Blue-collar Workers' Risk Perception of Cardiovascular Disease: Won Ju Hwang, OiSaeng Hong, Mi Ja Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(7):1095-1104. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.7.1095

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of actual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, as well as, individual, psychosocial, and work-related factors as predictors of CVD risk perception among Korean blue-collar workers.

Methods

The participants were 238 Korean blue-collar workers who worked in small companies. Data were collected through a survey; anthropometric and blood pressure measures; and blood sampling for lipid levels.

Results

Blue-collar workers had high actual CVD risk and low CVD risk perception. The significant predictors of risk perception included perceived health status, alcohol consumption, knowledge of CVD risk, actual CVD risk, decision latitude, and shift work. The model explained 26% of the variance in CVD risk perception.

Conclusion

The result suggests when occupational health nurses are giving routine health examination in small companies, they can enhance CVD risk perception in blue-collar workers by providing essential information about CVD risk factors and personal counseling on the individual worker's CVD risk status.

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Risk Factors Influencing Probability and Severity of Elder Abuse in Community-dwelling Older Adults: Applying Zero-inflated Negative Binomial Modeling of Abuse Count Data: Mi Heui Jang, Chang Gi Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):819-832. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.819

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to identify risk factors that influence the probability and severity of elder abuse in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect data from community-dwelling Koreans, 65 and older (N=416). Logistic regression, negative binomial regression and zero-inflated negative binomial regression model for abuse count data were utilized to determine risk factors for elder abuse.

Results

The rate of older adults who experienced any one category of abuse was 32.5%. By zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, the experience of verbal-psychological abuse was associated with marital status and family support, while the experience of physical abuse was associated with self-esteem, perceived economic stress and family support. Family support was found to be a salient risk factor of probability of abuse in both verbal-psychological and physical abuse. Self-esteem was found to be a salient risk factor of probability and severity of abuse in physical abuse alone.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that tailored prevention and intervention considering both types of elder abuse and target populations might be beneficial for preventative efficiency of elder abuse.

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The Influence of the mother's nationality on adolescent's subjective oral health status-using propensity score matching
Sun Mi Lee, Yun Sin Song, Young Nam Kim, Eunsuk Ahn
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Jooyoung Kong, Haesang Jeon
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Optimal Time Interval for Position Change for ICU Patients using Foam Mattress Against Pressure Ulcer Risk: Hyean Jeong Kim, In Sook Jeong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(5):730-737. Published online October 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.5.730

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to identify the time interval to pressure ulcer and to determine the optimal time interval for position change depending on pressure ulcer risk in patients using foam mattress in intensive care units.

Methods

The Braden scale score, occurrence of pressure ulcers and position change intervals were assessed with 56 patients admitted to an intensive care unit from April to November, 2011. The time to pressure ulcer occurrence by Braden scale risk group was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log rank test. Then, the optimal time interval for position change was calculated with ROC curve.

Results

The median time to pressure ulcer occurrence was 5 hours at mild or moderate risk, 3.5 hours at high risk and 3 hours at very high risk on the Braden scale. The optimal time interval for position change was 3 hours at mild and moderate risk, 2 hours at high and very high risk of Braden scale.

Conclusion

When foam mattresses are used a slight extension of the time interval for position change can be considered for the patients with mild or moderate pressure ulcer risk but not for patients with high or very high pressure ulcer risk by Braden scale.

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The effect of support surface on the prevention of pressure injury in acute care settings: A multi-center prospective observational study
Mi-Ock Shim, Chul-Gyu Kim, Ja Kyung Min, So Yeon Kwak, Hyunhee Ghil, Seungmi Park
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Predicting the cut‐off point for interface pressure in pressure injury according to the standard hospital mattress and polyurethane foam mattress as support surfaces
Mi Yu, Kyung Hee Park, Jiseon Shin, Ji Hyun Lee
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Soo Youn Jung, Mina Park, Kyoung Ja Moon
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Comparing Pressure Injury Incidence Based on Repositioning Intervals and Support Surfaces in Acute Care Settings: A Quasi-Experimental Pragmatic Study
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Perioperative factors and pressure ulcer development in postoperative ICU patients: a retrospective review
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The Efficacy of a Viscoelastic Foam Overlay on Prevention of Pressure Injury in Acutely Ill Patients
Kyung Hee Park, Joohee Park
Journal of Wound, Ostomy & Continence Nursing.2017; 44(5): 440. CrossRef
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Yinji Jin, Taixian Jin, Sun-Mi Lee
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Heejeong Kim, Sun-Mi Lee, Hee young Choi, Yu Kyung Min, Yoo Jin Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2016; 23(3): 256. CrossRef
A Phenomenological Study on Illness Experience of Patients with Pressure Ulcer
Misoo Yoo, Myungsun Yi
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(5): 515. CrossRef
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Eunkyung Kim, Mona Choi, JuHee Lee, Young Ah Kim
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Risk Factors and Features of Critically Ill Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis in Lower Extremities: Hwasoon Kim, Ok Min Cho, Hyo Im Cho, Ju Yeun Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(3):396-404. Published online June 12, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.3.396

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the features, risk scores and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in critically ill patients who developed deep vein thrombosis in their lower extremities.

Methods

The participants in this prospective descriptive study were 175 adult patients who did not receive any prophylactic medication or mechanical therapy during their admission in the intensive care unit.

Results

The mean age was 62.24 (± 17.28) years. Men made up 54.9% of the participating patients. There were significant differences in age, body mass index, and leg swelling between patients who developed deep vein thrombosis and those who did not have deep vein thrombosis. The mean risk score was 6.71(± 2.94) and they had on average 4.01(± 1.35) risk factors. In the multiple logistic regression, body mass index (odds ratio= 1.14) and leg swelling (odds ratio= 6.05) were significant predictors of deep vein thrombosis.

Conclusion

Most critically ill patients are in the potentially high risk group for deep vein thrombosis. However, patients who are elderly, obese or have leg edema should be closely assessed and more than one type of active prophylactic intervention should be provided.

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The Effects of Venous Thromboembolism Prevention Education for Elderly Patients with Total Knee Arthroplasty
Mi Hee Lee, Mee Ock Gu
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2019; 26(4): 269. CrossRef
Adaptation and Effects of the Evidence-based IPC Nursing Protocol on Prevention of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism
Nam Yong Kim, Eun A Kim, Jae Yeun Sim, Soon Hee Jung, Hye Young Kim, Eun Hee Jang, Jee Hye Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(1): 63. CrossRef
Knowledge, Health Belief, and Preventive Behavioral Intention related to Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) of the Patients with Lower Limb Musculoskeletal System Disorders
Hye Jin Yang, Hee-Young Kang
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2013; 19(4): 531. CrossRef

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Depression and Risk Factors in Patients with Crohn's Disease: Ok-Hee Cho, Yang-Sook Yoo, Suk-Kyun Yang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(2):207-216. Published online April 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.207

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to determine the risk factors among patients with depression with Crohn's disease.

Methods

Data were collected by questionnaire from 276 patients who were diagnosed with Crohn's disease at a tertiary hospital located in Seoul. Measurements included patients' demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, depression level, and health-related quality of life. Data were analyzed using t-test, χ²-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and logistic regression analyses.

Results

The incidence rate of depression (BDI-II≥14scores) was 31.9% (n=88). Univariate analysis revealed that being a woman, school graduation status, economic status (low), BMI(<18.5Kg/m²), disease duration (≥3 years), CDAI (≥150 scores), frequency of hospital admission (≥2), extra-intestinal manifestation (arthralgia, stomatitis), administration of 5-aminosalicylic acid, and disease related quality of life (SIBDQ<50 scores) were associated with depression. Multivariate analysis revealed that economic status (low), school graduation status, and quality of life (SIBDQ<50 scores) were more likely to report high level of depression.

Conclusion

Future research should consider managing depression as an essential component of comprehensive care for patients with Crohn's disease. In addition, further research is needed to develop strategies to better improve quality of life among patients with Crohn's disease who are depressed.

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Juan Manuel Escudero Prados, Antonio Cortés-Rodríguez, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo, Miguel Ángel Saavedra-García, Daniel López López, Ana María Jiménez-Cebrián
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Are Depression and Anxiety Underdiagnosed in Socially Vulnerable Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Jessica L Sheehan, Ariel A Jordan, Kira L Newman, Laura A Johnson, Dala Eloubeidi, Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg, Jeffrey A Berinstein, Renuka Tipirneni, Peter D R Higgins
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Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Brigida Barberio, Mohammad Zamani, Christopher J. Black, Edoardo V. Savarino, Alexander Ford
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Depression, Anxiety, Related Risk Factors and Cognitive Distortion in Korean Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Jun Ho Song, Jong Woo Kim, Chi Hyuk Oh, Hyo Jong Kim, Chang Kyun Lee, Won Sub Kang
Psychiatry Investigation.2020; 17(11): 1126. CrossRef
A Model of the Quality of Life in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Shin Ae Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2020; 27(4): 333. CrossRef
Is the Chinese medicinal formula Guipi Decoction (归脾汤) effective as an adjunctive treatment for depression? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Chen-xia Sheng, Ze-qi Chen, Han-jin Cui, A-li Yang, Cong Wang, Zhe Wang, Nan-xiang Su, Tao Tang
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine.2017; 23(5): 386. CrossRef
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Young Jin Lee, Eui Geum Oh
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(4): 383. CrossRef
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Yang-Sook Yoo, Miyoung Chung, Ok-Hee Cho
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(2): 129. CrossRef
Psychiatric co-morbidities in Crohn's disease: an often overlooked aspect
Shailendra Kapoor
Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira.2013; 59(2): 100. CrossRef
Psychiatric co-morbidities in Crohn's disease: an often overlooked aspect
Shailendra Kapoor
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Predictive Bayesian Network Model Using Electronic Patient Records for Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers: In Sook Cho, Eunja Chung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(3):423-431. Published online June 13, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.3.423

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The study was designed to determine the discriminating ability of a Bayesian network (BN) for predicting risk for pressure ulcers.

Methods

Analysis was done using a retrospective cohort, nursing records representing 21,114 hospital days, 3,348 patients at risk for ulcers, admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary teaching hospital between January 2004 and January 2007. A BN model and two logistic regression (LR) versions, model-I and -II, were compared, varying the nature, number and quality of input variables. Classification competence and case coverage of the models were tested and compared using a threefold cross validation method.

Results

Average incidence of ulcers was 6.12%. Of the two LR models, model-I demonstrated better indexes of statistical model fits. The BN model had a sensitivity of 81.95%, specificity of 75.63%, positive and negative predictive values of 35.62% and 96.22% respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was 85.01% implying moderate to good overall performance, which was similar to LR model-I. However, regarding case coverage, the BN model was 100% compared to 15.88% of LR.

Conclusion

Discriminating ability of the BN model was found to be acceptable and case coverage proved to be excellent for clinical use.

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Yuxia Ma, Xiang He, Tingting Yang, Yifang Yang, Ziyan Yang, Tian Gao, Fanghong Yan, Boling Yan, Juan Wang, Lin Han
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2025; 34(6): 2117. CrossRef
Using nursing data for machine learning-based prediction modeling in intensive care units: A scoping review
Yesol Kim, Mihui Kim, Yeonju Kim, Mona Choi
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2025; 169: 105133. CrossRef
Development of a Pressure Injury Machine Learning Prediction Model and Integration into Clinical Practice: A Prediction Model Development and Validation Study
Ju Hee Lee, Jae Yong Yu, So Yun Shim, Kyung Mi Yeom, Hyun A Ha, Se Yong Jekal, Ki Tae Moon, Joo Hee Park, Sook Hyun Park, Jeong Hee Hong, Mi Ra Song, Won Chul Cha
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(3): 191. CrossRef
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Chaoran Qu, Weixiang Luo, Zhixiong Zeng, Xiaoxu Lin, Xuemei Gong, Xiujuan Wang, Yu Zhang, Yun Li
Heliyon.2022; 8(11): e11361. CrossRef
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Mireia Ladios-Martin, José Fernández-de-Maya, Francisco-Javier Ballesta-López, Adrián Belso-Garzas, Manuel Mas-Asencio, María José Cabañero-Martínez
American Journal of Critical Care.2020; 29(4): e70. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of Electronic Health Record Data-Driven Predictive Models for Pressure Ulcers
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Jayeon Gu, Eun Sun Kim, Seoung Bum Kim
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Hanna Park, In Ho Bae, Yong Oock Kim
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Eunkyung Kim, Mona Choi, JuHee Lee, Young Ah Kim
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Using EHR data to predict hospital-acquired pressure ulcers: A prospective study of a Bayesian Network model
Insook Cho, Ihnsook Park, Eunman Kim, Eunjoon Lee, David W. Bates
International Journal of Medical Informatics.2013; 82(11): 1059. CrossRef

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Development of the Structural Model of Adolescent's Risk Behavior: Hyun Sook Park, Sun Young Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(3):364-373. Published online June 13, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.3.364

Abstract PDF

Purpose

In this study the fitness of a path model for the relationship among biological risk disposition, sociocultural risk factors, self-control, parent-adolescent communication, and risk behavior in adolescents was examined.

Methods

The participants were 387 adolescents. The data were analyzed with the PASW 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs.

Results

Sociocultural risk factors, self-control, and parent-adolescent communication showed a direct effect on risk behavior for adolescents, while biological risk disposition and sociocultural risk factor showed an indirect effect on risk behavior for adolescents. The modified path model of adolescents' risk behavior was showed a good fit with the model (χ²/df=2.37, GFI=.95, AGFI=.92, RMSEA=.06 [.05<RMSEA<.07], NNFI=.95, CFI=.97).

Conclusion

These results suggest that adolescents' risk behavior can be decreased by reducing biological risk disposition and sociocultural risk factor, and increasing parent-adolescent communication and self-control. Thus there is a need to design intervention programs that emphasizes reducing biological risk disposition and sociocultural risk factor and increasing parent-adolescent communication and self-control in order to decrease adolescents' risk behavior.

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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(5): 601. CrossRef
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Hyun Sook Park, Hyun Ju Yeo, Sun Young Jung
Journal of the Korean Society of School Health.2016; 29(3): 256. CrossRef
Association of school, family, and mental health characteristics with suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents
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Teenagers with Smartphones Exposed to Sexual Content
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Development of the Competency Model for Prevention of Adolescent Risk Behavior: Hyun Sook Park, Sun Young Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(2):204-213. Published online April 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.204

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to identify fundamental data on competency reinforcement programs to prevent adolescent risk behavior by developing and examining a competency model.

Methods

In this study, competences on prevention of adolescent risk behavior were identified through competency modeling, and a competency model was developed and tested for validity.

Results

Competences for prevention of adolescent risk behavior defined by the competency model included the following: self-control, positive mutual understanding between parents and adolescents, and positive connectedness with peer group. Validation of the competency model showed the model to be appropriate.

Conclusion

The competency model for prevention of adolescent risk behavior through competency modeling is expected to be the foundation of an integral approach to enhance competency in adolescents and prevent adolescent risk behavior. This kind of approach can be a school-centered, cost-efficient strategy, which not only reduces adolescent risk behavior but also improves quality of adolescent resources.

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Myungah Chae, Kihye Han
Healthcare.2021; 9(3): 282. CrossRef
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Yang-Ju Tak
Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(5): 289. CrossRef
Construction of the Addiction Prevention Core Competency Model for Preventing Addictive Behavior in Adolescents
Hyun Sook Park, Sun Young Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(6): 714. CrossRef
Effects of Competency Model Based Education Program on Risk Behavior and Competences for Preventing Adolescents' Risk Behavior for Adolescents
Hyun Sook Park, Sun Young Jung, Eun Jin Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(4): 1799. CrossRef
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Quality of Life: Young-Mi Jung, Heeyoung Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(2):149-156. Published online April 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.149

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study seeks to examine prevalence, risk factors, and quality of life of Korean adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Methods

From the database of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-1, 2008), the researchers selected 1,458 adults over the age of 45. The original study was a population-based epidemiological survey of health and nutrition with a stratified multistage clustered probability design. Prevalence of COPD was computed on the basis of the sampling weight. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ² test, t-test and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS WIN 18.0 and SAS Ver. 9.1 program.

Results

The prevalence of COPD was 18.0% among people older than 45 yr. The prevalence of current smokers was 19.7% in this population and 26.3% in individuals with COPD. Age, gender, education, and smoking levels were found to be risk factors for COPD. Significant difference in quality of life was founded between adults with COPD and the healthy controls.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that COPD is a highly prevalent disease in Korea. To reduce the prevalence of COPD and improve health-related quality of life in patients with COPD, nursing interventions must focus on prevention of risk factors.

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The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2017; 38(3): 353. CrossRef
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Juncheol Lee, Dongwook Han
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So Youn Bang
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In Sook Jung, In-Kyung Jung
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Yeonsoo Jang, Hyera Yoo
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Comparison for Risk Estimate of Aspiration between the Revised Dysphagia Assessment Tool and Videofluoroscopy in Post-Stroke Patients: Kyung Hee Moon, Hyun Sook Sohn, Eun Seok Lee, Eun Kyung Paek, Eun Ju Kang, Seung Hee Lee, Na Ri Han, Meen Hye Lee, Deog Young Kim, Chang Gi Park, Ji-Soo Yoo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(3):359-366. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.359

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the significant factors for risk estimate of aspiration and to evaluate the efficiency of the dysphagia assessment tool.

Methods

A consecutive series of 210 stroke patients with aspiration symptoms such as cough and dysphagia who had soft or regular diet without tube feeding were examined. The dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was compared with videofluoroscopy using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis.

Results

In CART analysis, of 34 factors, the significant factors for estimating risk of aspiration were cough during swallowing, oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, and cough after swallowing. The risk estimate error of the revised dysphagia assessment tool was 25.2%, equal to that of videofluoroscopy.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the dysphagia assessment tool developed and examined in this study was potentially useful in the clinical field and the primary risk estimating factor was cough during swallowing. Oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, cough after swallowing were other significant factors, and based on these results, the dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was revised and complemented.

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Elizabeth Boaden, Jane Burnell, Lucy Hives, Paola Dey, Andrew Clegg, Mary W Lyons, C Elizabeth Lightbody, Margaret A Hurley, Hazel Roddam, Elizabeth McInnes, Anne Alexandrov, Caroline L Watkins
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Eun Ha Lee, Ja Yun Choi
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(2): 113. CrossRef

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Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy: Kyeong-Sook Cha, Ok-Hee Cho, So-Yeon Yoo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(2):298-305. Published online April 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.2.298

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) after craniotomy.

Methods

This study was a retrospective case-control study of 103 patients who had craniotomies between March 2007 and December 2008. A retrospective review of prospectively collected databases of consecutive patients who underwent craniotomy was done. SSIs were defined by using the Centers for Disease Control criteria. Twenty-six cases (infection) and 77 controls (no infection) were matched for age, gender and time of surgery. Descriptive analysis, t-test, χ²-test and logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis.

Results

The statistical difference between cases and controls was significant for hospital length of stay (>14 days), intensive care unit stay more than 15 days, Glasgrow Coma Scale (GCS) score (≤7 days), extra-ventricular drainage and coexistent infection. Risk factors were identified by logistic regression and included hospital length of stay of more than 14 days (odds ratio [OR]=23.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.53-216.11) and GCS score (≤7 scores) (OR=4.71, 95% CI=1.64-13.50).

Conclusion

The results of this study show that patients are at high risk for infection when they have a low level of consciousness or their length hospital stay is long term. Nurses have to take an active and continuous approach to infection control to help with patients having these risk factors.

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An update on a persisting challenge: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk factors for surgical site infection post craniotomy
Francesco Magni, Aws Al-Omari, Robert Vardanyan, Arian A. Rad, Susan Honeyman, Alexandros Boukas
American Journal of Infection Control.2024; 52(6): 650. CrossRef
RETRACTED: Comprehensive analysis of risk factors and pathogenetic characteristics associated with surgical site infections following craniotomy procedures
Zhiwei Gu, Chuanjian Tu, Dagang Song, Zhihao Yang, Jiajie Xia
International Wound Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
RETRACTED: A meta‐analysis of the risk factors for neurosurgical surgical site infection following craniotomy
Dechao Sun, Zhuang Ma, Yadong Geng, Chenxu Kong, Zhenjiang Li
International Wound Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Validation of the Risk Prediction Tool for Wound Infection in Abdominal Surgery Patients
Hyun Kyoung Jung, Eun Nam Lee
Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2022; 15(3): 75. CrossRef
Association between registered nurse staffing levels and in-hospital mortality in craniotomy patients using Korean National Health Insurance data
Yunmi Kim, Se Young Kim, Kyounga Lee
BMC Nursing.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for Intracranial Infection After Multiple Traumatic Craniotomy and Preventive Measures
Jing Yao, Dong Liu
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery.2019; 30(7): 1946. CrossRef
Risk factors of neurosurgical site infection after craniotomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Chenyan Fang, Tao Zhu, Ping Zhang, Liang Xia, Caixing Sun
American Journal of Infection Control.2017; 45(11): e123. CrossRef
Infecciones del sistema nervioso central en pacientes críticos con lesión cerebral, con y sin antecedente de manejo neuroquirúrgico
José D. Charry, Fabio Antonio García, Natalia Johana Ortega, Johanna Osorio
Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo.2015; 15(1): 9. CrossRef
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Knowledge, Practice, and Associated Factors towards Prevention of Surgical Site Infection among Nurses Working in Amhara Regional State Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia
Freahiywot Aklew Teshager, Eshetu Haileselassie Engeda, Workie Zemene Worku
Surgery Research and Practice.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef
Post-operative central nervous system infections after cranial surgery in China: incidence, causative agents, and risk factors in 1,470 patients
R. Zhan, Y. Zhu, Y. Shen, J. Shen, Y. Tong, H. Yu, L. Wen
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2014; 33(5): 861. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections According to Electronic Medical Records Data
Young Hee Kim, Young-Hee Yom
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Etiología de las infecciones quirúrgicas en pacientes sometidos a craneotomía
Elena Múñez, Antonio Ramos, Teresa Álvarez de Espejo, Josep Vaqué, José Sánchez-Payá, Vicente Pastor, Ángel Asensio
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Development of Outcome Indicators of Urinary Incontinence for Quality Evaluation in Long Term Care Hospitals: Ju Young Yoon, Ji Yun Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(1):110-118. Published online February 28, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.1.110

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To develop outcome indicators of urinary incontinence to measure quality of care in long term care hospitals in Korea.

Methods

The draft indicators of urinary incontinence were developed from a literature review and clinical expert panel. A survey of medical records of 280 patients in 20 hospitals was conducted to test inter-rater reliability. Statistical analysis was done to test risk adjustment criteria, variation between hospitals, and stability of indicators, using assessment data from 77,918 patients in 623 hospitals.

Results

The inter-rater reliability of items was high (Kappa range: 0.66-0.92). Severe cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR]: 3.15, confidence interval [CI]: 3.03-3.26) and total mobility activities of daily living (ADLs) dependency (OR: 4.85, CI: 4.72-4.98) increased the prevalence of urinary incontinence, thus they proved to be significant criteria to stratify high and low risk groups. The prevalence for low risk showed more substantial variation than the high risk group. The indicators were stable over one month.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the feasibility of outcome indicators of urinary incontinence. Improving the reliability of the patient assessment tool and refining the indicators through validation study is a must for future study.

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The impact of organizational factors on the urinary incontinence care quality in long-term care hospitals: A longitudinal correlational study
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International Journal of Nursing Studies.2012; 49(12): 1544. CrossRef

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Work-related Stress and Risk Factors among Korean Employees: Eun Sook Choi, Yeongmi Ha; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(4):549-561. Published online August 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.4.549

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Work-related stress and risk factors among Korean employees were identified in this study.

Methods

Data were obtained from employees aged 20 to 64 using the Korean Working Conditions Survey 2006 (KWCS). Multiple logistic regression analysis using SAS version 9.1 was performed to examine risk factors of work-related stress by gender.

Results

The age-adjusted prevalence of work-related stress among male and female employees was 18.4% and 15.1% respectively. After adjustments for multiple variables among both male and female employees, there was a significant relationship between work-related stress and risk factors including education, company size, work time, ergonomic risks, biological·chemical risks, and job demands. The significant variables for male employees were housework load, occupational class, and shift work, and for female employees, type of employment.

Conclusion

There is a need to develop and support intensive stress management programs nationally giving consideration to work-related stress associated with working time, physical working environment, and job demands. Based on gender specific approaches, for male employes, stress management programs should be developed with consideration being given to occupational class and shift work. For stress management programs for female employees, consideration needs to be given to permanent employment status, specifically those in small companies.

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Factors explaining Quality of Life in Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease: In Sook Park, Rhayun Song, Sukhee Ahn, Hee Young So, Hyun Li Kim, Kyung Ok Joo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(6):866-873. Published online December 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.6.866

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The study was done to compare quality of life by gender, and to identify factors which explain quality of life in individuals with coronary artery disease.

Methods

For the survey, 91 individuals (53 men and 38 women) agreed to participate in the study. Cardiovascular risk factors, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, health behavior as well as quality of life, were measured. Descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS WIN 12.0 were used to analyze the data.

Results

Significant gender differences were found for education, smoking status, chronic disease, perceived health status, and quality of life within sub-dimensions. Hierarchical regression analysis showed gender (men), age, perceived health status, cardiovascular risk scores, and health behaviors together explained 40.2% (adjusted R²) of variance in quality of life.

Conclusion

As the factors explaining quality of life in individuals with coronary artery disease have been identified as gender (men), age, perceived health status, and health behaviors, health promotion programs designed for this population should focus on these factors for effective behavioral modification, and consequent improvement in quality of life.

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Falls Risk Factors of Inpatients: Eun-Kyung Kim, Jae Chang Lee, Mi-Ran Eom; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(5):676-684. Published online October 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.5.676

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for falls and to suggest data for developing a program for preventing falls.

Methods

This was a case-control study in five university hospitals and a general hospital. In total, 216 patients over the age of 18 yr admitted from January 1 to December 31, 2007 participated. One hundred eight patients with experience of falling were matched by gender, age level, diagnosis, and length of stay with 108 patents with no experience of falling admitted on the same unit. A quality assurance coordinator nurse in each hospital examined 35 fall risk factors developed by researchers.

Results

In acute hospitals, history of falls, orientation ability, dizziness or vertigo, general weakness, urination problems, transfer/mobility difficulty, walking dependency, impatience, benzodiazepines, diuretics, and vasodilators showed significance on adjusted-odds ratios for fall. Logistic regression analysis was performed to elucidate the factors that influence falls. The probability of falls was increased by dizziness/vertigo, general weakness, and impatience/agitation.

Conclusion

This finding can be used as a useful resource in developing nursing intervention programs to predict and prevent the falls of inpatients.

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The Analysis of Type D Personality Research as a Psychosocial Risk Factor in Cardiovascular Disease for Elders with a Chronic Disease: Eun Kyeung Song, Youn Jung Son; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2008;38(1):19-28. Published online February 28, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.19

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between type D personality and cardiovascular disease, and to suggest future research directions.

Methods

A literature search was conducted from the following nine databases: 1) MEDLINE, 2) CINAHL, 3) Pubmed Unrestricted, 4) PsycINFO, 5) KISS, 6) RICHIS, 7) RISS4U, and 8) Nanet. The combinations of the words, "type D personality", "personality", "heart", "cardiovascular", and "coronary" were used for keyword searches to find relevant articles. Twenty eight studies were identified.

Results

Type D personality has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Type D patients are also at increased risk for impaired quality of life, and seem to benefit less from medical and invasive treatment.

Conclusion

There is substantial evidence for a relationship between type D personality and clinical outcomes related to cardiovascular disease. Randomized clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the value of controlling type D personality to improve survival and reduce morbidity in patients with cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence from this analysis indicates the urgent need to adopt a personality approach in order to optimize the identification of patients at risk for stress related cardiac events.

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