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Research Paper
Development and Effects of a Person-Centered Fall Prevention Program for Older Adults with Dementia in Long-Term Care Hospitals: For Older Adults with Dementia and Caregivers in LongTerm Care Hospitals
Lim, Jeong Ok , Gu, Mee Ock
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(3):341-358.   Published online June 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21230
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study examined the effects of a person-centered fall prevention program for older adults with dementia in long-term care hospitals.
Methods
A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The study sample included 42 older adults with dementia (experimental group: 21, control group: 21) and 42 caregivers (experimental group: 21, control group: 21). The program comprised 48 sessions held over 12 weeks and included exercise intervention with resistance and balance, dance walking (45~60 min, three times/week), cognitive and emotional intervention (35~50 min, once per week), and person-centered fall prevention education (10 min, once per week). The program for caregivers consisted of six educational sessions (i.e., fall prevention competency enhancement and person-centered care strategy education, 80 min, once per week) for six weeks. Data were collected before participation and 12 weeks after program completion from February 18 to May 12, 2019. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, t-test, and Mann―Whitney U test with SPSS/WIN 21.0.
Results
The experimental group of older adults with dementia showed significant improvement in physical and cognitive functions, and a decrease in depression, and behavioral and psychological symptoms, when compared with the control group. caregivers in the experimental group exhibited significant improvement in fall-related knowledge and person-centered care of older adults with dementia compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The study findings indicate that this program was effective as a nursing intervention for fall prevention among older adults with dementia in long-term care hospitals.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors Affecting Fall Incidents at Long-term Care Hospitals: Using Data from the Korea Patient Safety Reporting and Learning System
    Soojin Chung, Jeongim Lee
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2025; 50(1): 96.     CrossRef
  • Current Trends of Exercise Programs for Improving Cognitive Function in Older Adults
    Jae-Hyun Lee, Wooyeon Jo, Jaeho Jin, Yaxiong Zheng, Soyoon Lee, Se-Yeon Jang, Minseo Kim, Young-Jin Moon, Hye Gwang Jeong, Sang Ki Lee
    Exercise Science.2024; 33(3): 254.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Dementia Care Competence among Care Staff: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review Protocol
    Jinfeng Zhu, Jing Wang, Bo Zhang, Xi Zhang, Hui Wu
    Healthcare.2024; 12(11): 1155.     CrossRef
  • Falls in Patients of Medical Institutions in South Korea: A Literature Review
    Jongwon Choi, Woochol Joseph Choi
    Physical Therapy Korea.2023; 30(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • A Study on Emotions to Improve the Quality of Life of South Korean Senior Patients Residing in Convalescent Hospitals
    Aeju Kim, Yucheon Kim, Jongtae Rhee, Songyi Lee, Youngil Jeong, Jeongeun Lee, Youngeun Yoo, Haechan Kim, Hyeonji So, Junhyeong Park
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 14480.     CrossRef
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  • 5 Crossref
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Original Articles
Factors Relating to the Quality of Care for Nursing Home Residents in Korea: Using the Delphi Method
Juh Hyun Shin, Eun Mee Kim, Ji Yeon Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):783-794.   Published online December 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.783
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study identified factors related to the quality of care in nursing homes, and elicited consensus opinions from experts on nursing homes.

Methods

A Delphi questionnaire was developed based on a review of the literature using the keywords “nursing homes,” “workforce,” and “quality of care.” A total of two Delphi surveys were conducted with 14 experts. The important and urgent factors related to the quality of care for nursing home residents emerged.

Results

A consensus was achieved on the important and urgent factors relating to the quality of care. The related factors were grouped into four sections: Organizational Characteristics, Staffing Characteristics, the Long-Term Care Market and Legal and Policy Issues, and Nursing Processes. In total, 23 items were important factors and 26 items were urgent factors relating to the quality of care. In addition, the unanimous advocacy by the experts for increased hours per resident day for registered nurses (RNs, 41 minutes 59 seconds) was much higher than the current hours per resident day of RNs in Korea.

Conclusion

To provide optimal care for residents in nursing homes in Korea, the mandatory and essential placement of RNs with professional knowledge and skills is paramount.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The effects of special nursing units in nursing homes on healthcare utilization and cost: A case-control study using propensity score matching
    Eunhee Cho, Eun-Young Kim, Kyung Hee Lee, Hye-Ryoung Kim, Seonhwa Choi, Yea Seul Yoon, EunKyo Kim, Seok-Jae Heo, Se Young Jung, Jiyoon Jang
    International Journal of Nursing Studies.2023; 147: 104587.     CrossRef
  • Effects of registered nurse staffing levels, work environment, and education levels on adverse events in nursing homes
    Seonhwa Choi, Eunhee Cho, Eunkyo Kim, Kyongeun Lee, Soo Jung Chang
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cost of Care and Pattern of Medical Care Use in the Last Year of Life among Long-Term Care Insurance Beneficiaries in South Korea: Using National Claims Data
    Sunjoo Boo, Jungah Lee, Hyunjin Oh
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(23): 9078.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Nurse Staffing, Skill Mix and Stability on Resident Health Outcomes in Korean Nursing Homes
    Juh Hyun Shin, Gui Yun Choi, Jiyeon Lee
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2020; 22(4): 291.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Long-term Care Hospitals' Nurse Staffing Level on Patient Outcomes: Differences according to Region
    Kyung Jin Hong
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(4): 354.     CrossRef
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Development and Effect of a Fall Prevention Program Based on the King's Goal Attainment Theory for Fall High-Risk Elderly Patients in Long-Term Care Hospital
Bom Mi Park, Ho Sihn Ryu, Kyeung Eun Kwon, Chun Young Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):203-214.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.203
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study to develop a fringed fall prevention program based on King's goal attainment theory and education. This study is applied to the personal, interpersonal, and social systems of fall high-risk patients to test its effects.

Methods

This study was a nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test design. There were 52 fall high-risk patients in the experimental group and 45 in the control group. The experimental group received six sessions, with the group sessions lasting 60 minutes and the individual sessions lasting 20~30 minutes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an χ2-test, a paired sample t-test, and a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test utilizing IBM SPSS software.

Results

For the 3-month intervention period, the fall prevention program was found to be particularly effective for patients in the experimental group (from 3.38 to 1.69 per 1000 patient days; p=.044), as opposed to the control group (from 1.94 to 1.49 per 1000 patient days; p=.300). For the 6-month follow up period, the fall prevention program was again found to be effective for patients in the experimental group (from 3.26 to 0.76 per 1000 patient days; p=.049) compared to the control group (from 1.98 to 1.01 per 1000 patient days; p=.368).

Conclusion

These results indicate that the fringed fall prevention program is very effective in reducing falls, not only during the intervention period, but also after the intervention period has ended. We can therefore recommend this program for use concerning fall high-risk patients in long-term care hospitals.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Recent advances in the identification of related factors and preventive strategies of hip fracture
    Yaohui Yu, Yudan Wang, Xiaoli Hou, Faming Tian
    Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Falls in Patients of Medical Institutions in South Korea: A Literature Review
    Jongwon Choi, Woochol Joseph Choi
    Physical Therapy Korea.2023; 30(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Fall Prevention Program Based on Goal Attainment Theory for Homebound Older Adults With Osteoarthritis of the Lower Extremities
    Chunhee Lee, Heeok Park
    Orthopaedic Nursing.2022; 41(6): 414.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Nurse-Led Intervention Programs Based on Goal Attainment Theory: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Bom-Mi Park
    Healthcare.2021; 9(6): 699.     CrossRef
  • EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS FOR FALL PREVENTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
    Maria Aline Moreira Ximenes, Maria Girlane Sousa Albuquerque Brandão, Thiago Moura de Araújo, Nelson Miguel Galindo Neto, Lívia Moreira Barros, Joselany Áfio Caetano
    Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Application Value of Rehabilitation Nursing in Patients with Stroke Based on the Theory of Interactive Standard: A Randomized Controlled Study
    Ningning Li, Jun Wang, Mei Zheng, Qunying Ge, Mozaniel Oliveira
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
  • A prospective cohort study of the risk factors for new falls and fragility fractures in self-caring elderly patients aged 80 years and over
    Jian Zhou, Bo Liu, Ming-Zhao Qin, Jin-Ping Liu
    BMC Geriatrics.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and Effect of a Fall Prevention Program Based on King’s Theory of Goal Attainment in Long-Term Care Hospitals: An Experimental Study
    Bom-Mi Park
    Healthcare.2021; 9(6): 715.     CrossRef
  • Development of Fall Inducement System based on Pedestrian Biological Data for Fall Reproduction
    Jong-il Lee, Jong-Boo Han, Jae Wan Koo, Seokjae Lee, Dong-Seop Sohn, Kap-Ho Seo
    Journal of Korea Robotics Society.2020; 15(3): 286.     CrossRef
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  • 6 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
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Development and Effects of a Coping Skill Training Program for Caregivers in Feeding Difficulty of Older Adults with Dementia in Long-Term Care Facilities
Hyun Hwa Hong, Mee Ock Gu
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(2):167-181.   Published online January 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.2.167
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

We developed and tested the effects of a coping skill training program for caregivers in feeding difficulty among older adults with dementia in long-term care facilities.

Methods

A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects comprised 34 caregivers (experimental group: 17, control group: 17) and 40 older adults with dementia (experimental group: 20, control group: 20). The developed program was delivered in 4-hour sessions over 6 weeks (including 2 weeks of lectures and lab practice on feeding difficulty coping skills, and 4 weeks of field practice). Data were collected before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after the program (January 3 to April 6, 2016). The data were analyzed using t-test and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 20.0.

Results

Compared to their counterparts in the control group, caregivers in the experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in feeding knowledge and feeding behavior, while older adults with dementia showed greater improvements in feeding difficulty and Body Mass Index.

Conclusion

The study findings indicate that this coping skill training program for caregivers in feeding difficulty is an effective intervention for older adults with dementia in long-term care facilities.

Citations

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  • Factors Affecting Mealtime Difficulties in Older Adults with Dementia Living in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Multilevel Model Analysis
    Dukyoo Jung, Jennie C. De Gagne, Hyesoon Lee, Leeho Yoo, Jisung Park, Eunju Choi, Yonggang Zhang
    Journal of Nursing Management.2023; 2023: 1.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Case-Based Small-Group Learning on Care Workers’ Emergency Coping Abilities
    Soon-Ok Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11458.     CrossRef
  • Eating Difficulties among Older Adults with Dementia in South Korean Long-Term Care Facilities: A Scoping Review
    Dukyoo Jung, Kyuri Lee, Eunju Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2021; 28(4): 470.     CrossRef
  • Feasibility of a Mobile Meal Assistance Program for Direct Care Workers in Long-Term Care Facilities in South Korea


    Dukyoo Jung, Jennie C De Gagne, Minkyung Lee, Hyesoon Lee, Kyuri Lee, Eunju Choi, Juyoun Chung
    Clinical Interventions in Aging.2020; Volume 15: 2019.     CrossRef
  • Informal dementia caregivers’ experiences and perceptions about mealtime care: A qualitative evidence synthesis
    Yijing Li, Dan Sun, Xu Zhang, Huanhuan Li, Yingnan Zhao, Dongfei Ma, Zehui Li, Jiao Sun
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2020; 76(12): 3317.     CrossRef
  • 209 View
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Predictors of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Based on the Model of Multi-Dimensional Behavior
Jeong Eun Yang, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(2):143-153.   Published online January 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.2.143
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify factors predicting behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in persons with dementia. Factors including the patient, caregiver, and environment based on the multi-dimensional behavioral model were tested.

Methods

The subjects of the study were 139 pairs of persons with dementia and their caregivers selected from four geriatric long-term care facilities located in S city, G province, Korea. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, inverse normal transformations, Pearson correlation coefficients, Spearman's correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS Statistics 22.0 for Windows program.

Results

Mean score for BPSD was 40.16. Depression (β=.42, p<.001), exposure to noise in the evening noise (β=-.20, p=.014), and gender (β=.17, p=.042) were factors predicting BPSD in long-term care facilities, which explained 25.2% of the variance in the model.

Conclusion

To decrease BPSD in persons with dementia, integrated nursing interventions should consider factors of the patient, caregiver, and environment.

Citations

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  • The influence path of caregivers’ positive aspects, expressed emotion and coping style on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
    Shuang Zhang, Xiumei Ying, Shuyan Fang, Wenxia Wang, Xiangning Zhu, Yueyang Dong, Meng He, An Chang, Jiao Sun
    Geriatric Nursing.2022; 44: 143.     CrossRef
  • 256 View
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  • 1 Crossref
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A Study on the Forecast of Bed Demand for Institutional Long-term Care in Taegu, Korea
Myung Hi Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(2):437-451.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.2.437
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to estimate the forecast of bed demand for institutional long-term care for the elderly persons in Taegu Metropolitan City. The study subject was the total 1,877 elderly persons over age 65 living in Taegu. Among them 1,441 elderly persons were sampled from community and 436 were from the elderly admitted 5 general hospitals. Data collection was carried out by interview from 25 August to 25 December 1997. The measuring instrument of this study was the modified tool of CARE, MAI, PCTC, and ADL which were examined for validity and reliability. In order to forecast bed demand of Nursing Home, this study revised prediction techniques suggested by Robin. The results were as follows : 1. OLDi of Taegu City were 122,202 by the year 1998 and number of Low-Income Elderly Persons were 3,210. 2. The Level I : Senior Citizen Home AQi * ASTAYi ADEMi = --------------- 365 * AOCUi . AQi = OLDi * LADLi * NASi * ALONi * LIADLi * AUTILi Predicted number of bed demand for Home Based Elderly Persons were 4,210 and Low-Income Elderly Persons were 1,081 and Total Elderly Persons were 5,291 by the year 1998, 6,343 by the year 2000 and 8,351 by the 2005. 3. The Level II : Nursing Home (BQ1i+BQ2i) * BSTAYi BDEMi = ----------------------- 365 * BOCUi . BQ1i = OLDi * HADLi * ALONi * HIADLi BQ2i = OLDi * HADLi * FAMi * OBEDi Predicted number of demand for Total Elderly Persons were 668 by the year 1998, 802 by the year 2000 and 1,055 by the 2005. 4. The Level III : Nursing Home COLDi * HDISi * CUTILi * CSTAYi CDEMi = ------------------------------------ + CQi/10 365 * COCUi Predicted number of demand for Total Elderly Persons were 1,899 by the year 1998, 2,311 by the year 2000 and 3,003 by the 2005. 5. Predicted number of bed demand of long-term care facilities in the year 1998 according to Levels were 4.3% among elderly persons in Taegu by Level I, 0.5% by Level II and 1.5% by Level III. Number of elderly persons in current long-term care facilities were 458 in LevelI I,284 in Level II. 6. Deficit number of bed demand of long-term care facilities were 4,833 in Level I, 384 in Level II , 1,899 in Level III for the elderly persons in Taegu Metropolitan City.

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Functional Status of Stroke Patients among Different Long-Term Care Settings
Eun Young Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):372-378.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.372
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to measure the functional status of stroke patients cared for in different long-term care settings.

Method

We assessed all stroke patients in two home health care agencies, four nursing homes and one geriatric hospital in Korea (n=171) using the Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI), which comprises Activity of Daily Living (ADL), urine incontinence, bowel incontinence, a Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS),and being understood and understanding others. Data was collected by face-to-face surveys with patients.

Results

The mean ADL score, urine incontinence score, bowel incontinence score, CPS, and being understood score and understanding others score were lowest for the patients receiving home health care, and highest for the patients in nursing homes. Low scores described poor and high scores good functional status. The results showed significant differences in physical and cognitive function scores between the three groups of patients.

Conclusion

This study suggests that there may be large differences between the patients in these three types of long-term care settings. These findings can be used to help develop and implement efficient long-term care programs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Prevalence and potential determinants of musculoskeletal disease symptoms among care workers in long‐term care facilities in South Korea
    Myung‐Sook Park, Mi Yu, Su‐Jeong Yu, Kyung‐Ja Kang, Hyun‐Mi Seo
    Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2014; 11(3): 211.     CrossRef
  • The Long-term Care Utilization of the Elderly with Dementia, Stroke, and Multimorbidity in Korea
    Boyoung Jeon, Soonman Kwon, Hongsoo Kim
    Health Policy and Management.2013; 23(1): 90.     CrossRef
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On the Feasibility of a RUG-III based Payment System for Long-Term Care Facilities in Korea
Eun Kyung Kim, Ha Young Park, Chang Yup Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):278-289.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.278
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to classify the elderly in long-term care facilities using the Resource Utilization Group(RUG-III) and to examine the feasibility of a payment method based on the RUG-III classification system in Korea.

Method

This study measured resident characteristics using a Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set(RAI-MDS) and staff time. Data was collected from 530 elderly residents over sixty, residing in long-term care facilities. Resource use for individual patients was measured by a wage-weighted sum of staff time and the total time spent with the patient by nurses, aides, and physiotherapists.

Result

The subjects were classified into 4 groups out of 7 major groups. The group of Clinically Complex was the largest (46.3%), and then Reduced Physical Function(27.2%), Behavior Problems (17.0%), and Impaired Cognition (9.4%) followed. Homogeneity of the RUG-III groups was examined by total coefficient of variation of resource use. The results showed homogeneity of resource use within RUG-III groups. Also, the difference in resource use among RUG major groups was statistically significant (p<0.001), and it also showed a hierarchy pattern as resource use increases in the same RUG group with an increase of severity levels(ADL).

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that the RUG-III classification system differentiates resources provided to elderly in long-term care facilities in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Analysis of the Cost and Case-mix of Post-acute Stroke Patients in China Using Quantile Regression and the Decision-tree Models
    Mengjia Zhi, Linlin Hu, Fangli Geng, Ningjun Shao, Yuanli Liu
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2022; Volume 15: 1113.     CrossRef
  • Development of a Web-based Education Program for Nurses working in Nursing Homes on Human Rights of Older Adults
    Ki-Kyong Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(4): 463.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Resource Utilization and Long-term Care Classification Level for Residents in Nursing Homes
    Min Kyung Lee, Eun-Kyung Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(6): 903.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Case Management using Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC) in Home Health Services for Older People
    Kyung Ja June, Ji Yun Lee, Jong Lull Yoon
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(3): 366.     CrossRef
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Resource use of the Elderly in Long-term Care Hospital using RUG-III
Eun Kyung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(2):275-283.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.2.275
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to classify elderly in long-term care hospitals for using Resource Utilization Group(RUG-III) and to consider feasibility of payment method based on RUG-III classification system in Korea.

Method

This study designed by measuring resident characteristics using the Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set(RAI-MDS) and staff time. The data were collected from 382 elderly over sixty-year old, inpatient in the five long-term care hospitals. Staff time was converted into standard time based on the average wage of nurse and aids.

Result

The subjects were classified into 4 groups. The group of Clinically Complex was the largest(46.3%), Reduced Physical Function(27.2%), Behavior Problem(17.0%), and Impaired Cognition(9.4%). The average resource use for one resident in terms of care time(nurses, aids) was 183.7 minutes a day. Relative resource use was expressed as a case mix index(CMI) calculated as a proportion of mean resource use. The CMI of Clinically Complex group was the largest(1.10), and then Reduced Physical Function(0.93), Behavior Problem(0.93), and Impaired Cognition(0.83) followed. The difference of the resource use showed statistical significance between major groups(p<0.0001).

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that the RUG-III classification system differentiates resources provided to elderly in long-term care hospitals in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • An Overview of International Staff Time Measurement Validation Studies of the RUG-III Case-mix System
    Luke A Turcotte, Jeff Poss, Brant Fries, John P Hirdes
    Health Services Insights.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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The Effect of Dongchimi Juice Containing Kimchi Lactobacillus on the Oral Health of Patients at a Long-Term Care Hospital: Comparison with Chlorhexidine Solution
Seung-Ah Lee, Dongsuk Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(4):540-550.   Published online January 15, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.4.540
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of Dongchimi juice containing kimchi Lactobacillus as an oral hygiene agent and to compare it with that of chlorhexidine solution (0.12% dilution).

Methods

This study employed a pretest-posttest experimental design in which a single group of patients was exposed to two different treatments over a period of time. The study included 32 patients hospitalized at a longterm care hospital in Korea. Data were collected between August 12, 2016 and September 28, 2016. The patients first used chlorhexidine solution as an oral care agent for 1 week. After an interval of 2 weeks, they used Dongchimi juice for 1 week. Each agent was applied 2 times a day depending on the protocol. The oral status of the patients was measured using Beck's Oral Exam Guide (OEG) scores. The number of pathogens in the oral cavity was counted by culture, and the patients’ subjective satisfaction score for each oral agent was measured using a visual analogue scale. T-test and Mann-Whitney test were performed to identify significant differences between Dongchimi juice and chlorhexidine solution by using PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results

The OEG score was not statistically different with the use of chlorhexidine solution and Dongchimi juice. However, decreasing number of pathogens and the subjective satisfaction score were higher with Dongchimi juice than with the chlorhexidine solution.

Conclusion

These findings support the use of Dongchimi juice containing kimchi Lactobacillus as an oral hygiene agent for Korean patients.

Citations

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  • Effect of Honey-based Oral Care on Oral Health of Patients With Stroke Undergoing Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    A-Ra Cho, Hyunmi Son, Gyumin Han
    Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(3): 215.     CrossRef
  • Health Benefits of Kimchi, Sauerkraut, and Other Fermented Foods of the Genus Brassica
    Sabina Fijan, Polona Fijan, Lei Wei, Maria L. Marco
    Applied Microbiology.2024; 4(3): 1165.     CrossRef
  • The impact of aromatherapy-based oral care on oral conditions, salivary pH, and halitosis in older adults with dementia: Pilot study
    Ae Kyung Chang, Bo kyoung Kim, Ah Young Kim
    Geriatric Nursing.2023; 53: 109.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Oral Probiotics on Subjective Halitosis, Oral Health, and Psychosocial Health of College Students: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
    Dong-Suk Lee, Myoungsuk Kim, Seoul-Hee Nam, Mi-Sun Kang, Seung-Ah Lee
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(3): 1143.     CrossRef
  • Reduction of Halitosis by a Tablet ContainingWeissella cibariaCMU: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
    Dong-Suk Lee, Seung-Ah Lee, Myoungsuk Kim, Seoul-Hee Nam, Mi-Sun Kang
    Journal of Medicinal Food.2020; 23(6): 649.     CrossRef
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Effects of Home Care Services Use by Older Adults on Family Caregiver Distress
Jiyeon Kim, Hongsoo Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):836-847.   Published online December 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.836
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between utilization of home care services under the national long-term care insurance system and family caregiver distress.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was conducted in this study using data collected in 2011 and 2012 from the Korean version of International Resident Assessment Instrument (interRAI) Home Care assessment system. The study sample included 228 clients receiving community based home care and their family caregivers in Korea. Descriptive statistics, χ2 test, t-test, and Heckman selection model analysis were conducted using SAS 9.3.

Results

Presence of family caregiver distress was significantly associated with days of nurse visits (β=-.89, p=<.001) and home helper visits (β=-.53, p=.014). Level of caregiver distress was also significantly associated with days of nurse visits (β=-.66, p=.028). Other factors which were significantly associated with caregiver distress were depression, cognitive function, inadequate pain control, social support for older adult, and caregiver relationship to the older adult.

Conclusion

The results of this study show that visiting nurse service and appropriate support programs for Older Adults and family caregivers experiencing caregiver distress should be developed and provided to families based on the health care needs of older adults and their family caregivers for effective and sustainable home care.

Citations

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  • Career Disruption and Employment Status of Korean Family Caregivers of Older Adults Using Home-Based Care
    Minah Lee
    Nursing Reports.2024; 14(3): 1587.     CrossRef
  • Effect of perceived chronic illness management support, health literacy, and social support on the care burden of families caring for older people with multiple chronic conditions at home: A cross-sectional study
    Eun Sil Lee, Mi Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2023; 25(1): 76.     CrossRef
  • Korean primary health care program for people with disabilities: do they really want home-based primary care?
    Hye-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Lim, Soong-Nang Jang
    BMC Health Services Research.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Use of Home Care Services Reduces Care-Related Strain in Long-Distance Caregivers
    Francesca B Falzarano, Verena Cimarolli, Kathrin Boerner, Karen L Siedlecki, Amy Horowitz, Suzanne Meeks
    The Gerontologist.2022; 62(2): 252.     CrossRef
  • Comparing the Needs of Family Caregivers and Program Providers in Long-Term Care in Terms of Family Support Program
    Myonghwa Park, Younghye Go, Miri Jeong, Eun-Jeong Han
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(1): 14.     CrossRef
  • Development and Application of Cost Management Program for Visiting Nursing Centers Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing
    Juhang Kim, Ji Young Lim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(5): 586.     CrossRef
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Validity and Reliability of the Person-centered Care Assessment Tool in Long-term Care Facilities in Korea
Young Ran Tak, Hae Young Woo, Sun Young You, Ji Hye Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(3):412-419.   Published online June 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.3.412
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Person-centered Care Assessment Tool (P-CAT).

Methods

The English P-CAT was translated into Korean with forward and backward translation. Survey data were collected from 458 staff in 17 long-term care facilities in Korea. Construct validity and criterion related validity were evaluated. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess reliability.

Results

The Korean version of P-CAT was shown to be valid homogeneously by factor, item and content analysis. Internal consistency reliability was satisfactory in which the values of factor 1, factor 2 and the total scale were .84, .77 and .86 respectively. Exploratory factor analysis supported the construct validity with a two-factor solution. Factor loadings of the 13 items ranged in .34~.80. Criterion validity to the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire-staff (PCQ-S) was .74 (p<.001).

Conclusion

The Korean version of the P-CAT was found to be an applicable instrument with satisfactory reliability and validity for further use in measuring successful person-centered care in long-term care facilities for older persons.

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    Hojung Cheon, Eunha Kim
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    Eun-Mi Park, Jin-Hwa Park
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    Chun-Gill Kim
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    Jeong-Hee Kim, Young Sook Park
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    Hae Sagong, Ga Eon Lee
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Effect of Muscle Strength Training on Urinary Incontinence and Physical Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Long-term Care Facilities
Hyekyung Kang, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(1):35-45.   Published online February 27, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.35
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to determine whether muscle strength training programs have an impact on improving symptoms of urinary incontinence (UI) and physical function among elderly women with UI who reside in long-term care facilities.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants had to be over 65 years, score over 15 score on the mini-mental state examination, and be able to walk alone or with an assistant. Seventy residents were randomly allocated to either the training group (n=35) or control group (n=35). The program consisted of 50 minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks, and included Kegel's exercise, Thera-band training and indoor walking. Main outcomes were UI symptoms, peak vaginal pressure and physical functions measured with timed up and go test (TUG), one leg standing test (OLST), activities of daily living (ADL) and grip strength. Changes in outcome measurements were calculated from baseline to 4 weeks and to 8 weeks using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

There were significant differences in peak vaginal pressure (p<.001), TUG (p<.001), OLST (p=.012) and grip strength (p<.001) in the interaction between groups and time.

Conclusion

Future studies are suggested to confirm the effect of muscle strength training in long-term care facilities where elderly women with UI reside.

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Association between Efficiency and Quality of Health Care in South Korea Long-term Care Hospitals: Using the Data Envelopment Analysis and Matrix Analysis
Minsung Sohn, Mankyu Choi
J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(4):418-427.   Published online August 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.418
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Objectives of this study were to investigate the association between efficiency and quality of health care in Long-term Care Hospitals (LTCH) and determine related factors that would enable achievement of both high efficiency and high quality at the same time.

Methods

Major data sources were the "2012 Korean Assessment of Propriety by Long-term Care Hospitals" obtained from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. Cost variables were supplemented by a National Tax Service accounting document. First, data envelopment analysis was performed by generating efficiency scores for each LTCH. Second, matrix analysis was conducted to ascertain association between efficiency and quality. Lastly, kruskal-wallis and mann-whitney tests were conducted to identify related factors.

Results

First, efficiency and quality of care are not in a relationship of trade-offs; thus, LTCH can be confident that high efficiency-high quality can be achieved. Second, LTCH with a large number of beds, longer tenure of medical personnel, and adequate levels of investment were more likely to have improved quality as well as efficiency.

Conclusion

It is essential to enforce legal standards appropriate to the facilities, reduce turnover of nursing staff, and invest properly in human resources. These consequences will help LTCH to maintain the balance of high efficiency-high quality in the long-run.

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    Hae Sagong, Ga Eon Lee
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Characteristics of Eating Behavior in Elders with Dementia residing in Long-Term Care Facilities
Kyoung Min Lee, Jun-Ah Song
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(4):466-476.   Published online August 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.4.466
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore characteristics of eating behavior according to level of functional status of elders with dementia (EWD), and to examine feeding time, change in food intake and body mass index (BMI) according to eating behavior.

Methods

Participants were 149 EWD residing in long-term care facilities located in Seoul or Gyeonggi province and evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Exam-Korean version, Korean version-Activities of Daily Living, and Eating Behavior Scale (EBS). Feeding time, change in food intake, and BMI were also measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0, specifically descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Chi-square test.

Results

Participants' mean EBS score was 10.43±6.01 and half of them (54.4%) needed moderate or total assistance while eating. The EBS score was significantly lower for elders with severe dementia compared to those with mild or moderate dementia; and elders with severe ADL dependence compared to those with mild or moderate ADL dependence. Lower EBS scores were related to longer feeding time, a greater the rate of participants with decreased food intake and 'underweight' BMI.

Conclusion

Nursing intervention programs which are designed for EWD are needed to maintain functional eating skills and prevent negative consequences in this population.

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    Dukyoo Jung, Eunju Choi, Leeho Yoo, Hyesoon Lee
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  • Feasibility of a Mobile Meal Assistance Program for Direct Care Workers in Long-Term Care Facilities in South Korea


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    Hyun-Hwa Hong, Mee-Ock Gu
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Caregiver Burden in Caring for Elders Before and After Long-term Care Service in Korea
Hung Sa Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(2):236-247.   Published online April 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.236
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Purposes of this study were: evaluation of family burden of caring for elders who receive long term care services, and examination of differences in burden before and after the introduction of long term care service in Korea.

Methods

Data were collected by questionnaires from 416 caregivers of elders who were registered with the Long Term Care Insurance Corporation in six cities. Data were collected in September, 2010 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and ANOVA with the Scheffe test, and stepwise multiple regression.

Results

Family burden decreased significantly after long-term care service was initiated. Subjective burden decreased from 2.93 to 2.69 (t=11.78, p<.001), and objective burden, from 3.40 to 3.10 (t=12.73, p<.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that factors affecting subjective burden were family relations (F=13.60, p=.003), age (F=5.47, p=.019), job (F=6.98, p=.008), and education (F=4.59, p=.032), and that factors affecting objective burden were living together (F=17.66, p<.001), job (F=13.34, p=.003), monthly income (F=6.61, p=.010), and type of service (F=6.62, p=.010).

Conclusion

The results of this first study to investigate caregiver burden after the Korean Long-term Care Insurance System was begun provide positive information for the development of strategies to decrease family burden in long term care.

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Factors Impacting the Physical Function of Older Adults in Korean Long-Term Care Hospitals
Ji-Yun Lee, Eun-Young Kim, Eunhee Cho
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(6):780-787.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.6.780
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to examine activities of daily living (ADL) of older adults admitted to Korean long-term care hospitals (LTCHs), and to explore the patient and organizational factors that have an impact on the ADL of this population.

Methods

A secondary analysis of the Korean minimum data set (K-MDS) of patients (N=14,369) and of the profiles of LTCHs (N=358) from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service was done between January and July 2008. The outcome variable was ADL score 6 months after baseline assessment. Multi-level linear regression was employed to explore the patient and organizational factors that affected ADL scores.

Results

Of the patients, 45.4% had a baseline ADL score of between 31 and 40, with a score of 40 indicating that the patient was entirely dependent for all items. None of the organizational characteristics were significantly associated with effects on the ADLs of older adults who had been in a LTHC for at least 6 months. However, patient characteristics, such as age, baseline ADL, frequency of physical therapy, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, pressure ulcers, and having a tube or catheter, were significantly associated with ADL 6 months after baseline.

Conclusion

In order to maintain and improve the ADL of older adults in LTCHs, we should develop strategies to prevent urinary and fecal incontinence, pressure ulcers, unnecessary tubes or catheters, providing adequate physical therapy. Additional studies should include more detailed information regarding nursing staff, including RN hours for direct care, education level and turnover.

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    Motofumi Suzuki, Hideyo Miyazaki, Jun Kamei, Mikako Yoshida, Tamami Taniguchi, Kaoru Nishimura, Yasuhiko Igawa, Hiromi Sanada, Yukio Homma
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    Yoonseo Kim, Kihye Han
    Journal of Nursing Management.2018; 26(5): 518.     CrossRef
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Effects of Multisensory Stimulation Using Familiarity: Persons with Dementia in Long-term Care Facility in Korea
Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(4):528-538.   Published online August 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.4.528
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of multisensory stimulation (MSS) using familiarity on persons with dementia (PWDs) residing in nursing homes in Korea.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group with pre and posttests was used. Fifty one PWDs were included if they: 1) were over 65 yr old, 2) were diagnosed with dementia, 3) had no visual or speech impairments, 4) were able to communicate, and 5) had spent more than one month in a nursing home. The experimental group (n=25) received a 55 min MSS program twice a week for 10 weeks. The outcome variables included were cognition, activities of daily living, grip strength, depression, wandering, and aggressive behaviors. Repeated ANOVA was used for data analysis.

Results

There were no significant differences in demographics or the main variables at pretest. Cognition, depression, wandering, and aggressive behaviors were significant over time between the two groups. Grip strength was only significant when accounting for interaction between group and time.

Conclusion

An intervention of MSS using familiarity was marginally effective in improving cognition, depression, wandering, and aggression. Future study is suggested with a larger sample and longer treatment to retest the effects of MSS.

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Relationship between Resource Utilization and Long-term Care Classification Level for Residents in Nursing Homes
Min Kyung Lee, Eun-Kyung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(6):903-912.   Published online December 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.6.903
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to examine whether the level of classification for long-term care service under long-term care insurance reflects resource utilization level for residents in nursing homes.

Methods

From 2 long-term care facilities, the researchers selected 95 participants and identified description and time of care services provided by nurses, certified caregivers, physical therapists and social workers during a 24-hr-period.

Results

Resource utilization level was: 281.04 for level 1, 301.05 for level 2 and 270.87 for level 3. Resource utilization was not correlated with level. Differences in resource utilization within the same level were similar with the coefficient of variance, 22.7-27.1%. Physical function was the most influential factor on long-term care scores (r=.88, p<.001). The level for long-term care service did not reflect differences in resource utilization level of residents on long-term care insurance.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that present grading for long-term care service needs to be reconsidered. Further study is needed to adjust the long-term care classification system to reflect the level of resource utilization for care recipients on the long-term care insurance.

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Estimation of Nursing Costs Based on Nurse Visit Time for Long-Term Care Services
Eun-Kyung Kim, Yun Mi Kim, Myung Ae Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(3):349-358.   Published online June 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.349
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to estimate nursing costs and to establish appropriate nursing fees for long-term care services for community elders.

Methods

Seven nurses participated in data collection related to visiting time by nurses for 1,100 elders. Data on material costs and management costs were collected from 5 visiting nursing agencies. The nursing costs were classified into 3 groups based on the nurse's visit time under the current reimbursement system of long-term care insurance.

Results

The average nursing cost per minute was 246 won. The material costs were 3,214 won, management costs, 10,707 won, transportation costs, 7,605 won, and capital costs, 5,635 won per visit. As a result, the average cost of nursing services per visit by classification of nursing time were 41,036 won (care time <30 min), 46,005 won (care time 30-59 min), and 57,321 won (care time over 60 min).

Conclusion

The results of the study indicate that the fees for nurse visits currently being charged for long-term care insurance should be increased. Also these results will contribute to baseline data for establishing appropriate nursing fees for long-term care services to maintain quality nursing and management in visiting nursing agencies.

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