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Volume 46(1); February 2016
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Review Article
Correlates of Cognitive Impairment of Rheumatic Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
JinA Mo, JiSuk Park, HyunSoo Oh
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):1-18.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to synthesis the results of research on relationships of cognitive impairment with multi-dimensional correlates of rheumatic disease through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Methods

For the study purpose, 23 studies were selected through a systematic process of searching the literature.

Results

The study results showed that among general characteristics, age and education were the variables having a significant relationship with cognitive impairment. Among health risk factors, obesity appeared to have a significant positive relationship with cognitive impairment. For past history, diabetes and hypertension were shown to have a significant positive relationship with cognitive impairment. It was noted also that aPL, one of the physiological factor, had significant association with cognitive impairment. None of the medication related factors had a significant relationship with cognitive impairment. Results showed that among disease related factors, disease activity had the highest relationship with cognitive impairment. Depression, among psychological factors, was the only variable having a significant relationship with cognitive impairment.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that the variables strongly impacting on cognitive impairment in rheumatic disease are depression and disease activity.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment among Iraqi Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
    Zahraa Hussein Altemimi, Faiq I. Gorial
    Medical Journal of Babylon.2024; 21(2): 324.     CrossRef
  • Temporal Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Indices and Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Development in Patients With Rheumatic Disease
    HyunSoo Oh, JiSuk Park, JiYoung Kim, SungKyung Jang, Yeona Ryu, YeoJu Jeong, SuYeon Kwon, SoHyun Suh, HaYoung Lee, DaHee Choi, HanNa Lee, GaWon Cho, WhaSook Seo
    Orthopaedic Nursing.2023; 42(4): 251.     CrossRef
  • Correlates of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney failure on haemodialysis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
    HyunSoo Oh, JinA Mo, WhaSook Seo
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2019; 75(5): 962.     CrossRef
  • Comparisons of the Incidence and Critical Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With a Rheumatic Disease or Gout
    HyunSoo Oh, JiSuk Park, YoungSub Yoon, WhaSook Seo
    Orthopaedic Nursing.2019; 38(3): 201.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Chemotherapy-related Cognitive Impairment and Quality of Life in People with Colon Cancer: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Distress
Pok Ja Oh, Jeong Hye Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):19-28.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.19
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test the mediating effect of psychological distress in the relationship between chemotherapy related cognitive impairment (CRCI) and quality of life (QOL) in people with cancer.

Methods

A purposive sample of 130 patients undergoing chemotherapy was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from November 2014 to June 2015. The instruments were K-MMSE (Korean Mini-Mental State Examination), Everyday Cognition (ECog), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression using Baron and Kenny steps for mediation.

Results

The mean score for objective cognitive function was 27.95 and 69.32 for perceived cognitive decline. Overall quality of life was 91.74. The mean score was 17.52 for psychological distress. The prevalence was 56.2% for anxiety and 63.1% for depression, and 20.0% for CRCI. There were significant correlations among the variables, objective cognitive function and self-reported cognitive decline, psychological distress, and quality of life. Psychological distress was directly affected by CRCI. (R2=29%). QOL was directly affected by CRCI. Psychological distress and CRCI effected QOL (R2=43%). Psychological distress had a partial mediating effect (β= -.56, p <.001) in the relationship between self-reported cognitive decline and quality of life (Sobel test: Z= -5.08, p <.001).

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this study, nursing intervention programs focusing on managing cognitive decline, and decreasing psychological distress are highly recommended to improve quality of life in cancer patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Disease Perception, Stigma, Distress, Physical Symptom Experience and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Eun-Hee Lee, Dongwon Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(4): 494.     CrossRef
  • Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 polymorphism is associated with chemotherapy‐related cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer who receive chemotherapy
    Senbang Yao, Wen Li, Shaochun Liu, Yinlian Cai, Qianqian Zhang, Lingxue Tang, Sheng Yu, Yanyan Jing, Xiangxiang Yin, Huaidong Cheng
    Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(5): 5209.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Self-reported Memory Problems of Adult Cancer Survivors Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019
    Sangjin Ko
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Colon Cancer Survivorship in Patients Who Have Received Adjuvant Chemotherapy
    Meghana Kesireddy, Laura Tenner
    Clinical Colorectal Cancer.2023; 22(4): 361.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of cognitive impairment in patients undergoing ileostomy for colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis
    Jing Xu, Yuelan Yang, Die Hu
    PeerJ.2023; 11: e15405.     CrossRef
  • Self-disclosure in Adult Patients With Cancer
    Hyungran Lee, Younhee Jeong
    Cancer Nursing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Symptom Experience, Social Support, and Quality of Life in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Chemotherapy
    Ga Eun Kim, Ju-Eun Song, Mi-Ae You, Jin-Hee Park
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2022; 22(1): 29.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Ambulatory Chemotherapy (Portable Infusion Pump Use) Video Education on Knowledge, Self-efficacy and Anxiety of Colorectal Cancer Patients
    Eun Hee Choi, Eun Young Park, Young A Park, You Hee Son, Myung Jin Jang
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2022; 22(3): 193.     CrossRef
  • A pilot retrospective study of comprehensive nursing care on psychological disorder in colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy
    Zhou-Yi Zhang, Rui Wang, Li Zhang, Ming-Li Gu, Xiu-E Guan
    Medicine.2022; 101(28): e29707.     CrossRef
  • The Experience of Chemotherapy Related Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Cancer
    Pok Ja Oh, Ji Hyun Kim
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2022; 22(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • The Mediating Effect of Depression on the Relationship between Cognitive Function and the Activities of Daily Living in Post-stroke Patient
    Ji Eun Kim, Hwee Wee
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2021; 30(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • A serial multiple mediator model of sense of coherence, coping strategies, depression, and quality of life among gynecologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
    Hee Sun Kim, Ju-Hee Nho, Joo-Hyun Nam
    European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2021; 54: 102014.     CrossRef
  • Impact of changes in perceived attentional function on postsurgical health-related quality of life in breast cancer patients awaiting adjuvant treatment
    Mi Sook Jung, Moira A. Visovatti, Eun Hee Sohn, Hwa-Seung Yoo, Mijung Kim, Je Ryong Kim, Jin Sun Lee
    Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing quality of life in patients with multiple myeloma
    Hee-Young Kang, Eun-Young Choi
    Contemporary Nurse.2019; 55(2-3): 109.     CrossRef
  • The role of depression in the relationship between cognitive decline and quality of life among breast cancer patients
    Jin-Hee Park, Yong Sik Jung, Young-Mi Jung, Sun Hyoung Bae
    Supportive Care in Cancer.2019; 27(7): 2707.     CrossRef
  • A Longitudinal Path Analysis of Symptom, Fatigue and Quality of life in Patients with Colorectal Cancer during Chemotherapy
    Eun Hee Kim, Soon Rim Suh
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2018; 43(3): 200.     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting Cognitive Function in Patients with Stomach Cancer
    Yeoung Ji Yu, Seung Hee Ahn, Yong Ae Cho, Eunjung Ryu, Eun-Ju Kim
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2018; 18(4): 241.     CrossRef
  • Serum lipid changes following the onset of depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women
    Jane E. Persons, Jennifer G. Robinson, Martha E. Payne, Jess G. Fiedorowicz
    Psychiatry Research.2017; 247: 282.     CrossRef
  • Development of the Cognitive Function Scale for Breast Cancer Patients
    Bok Yae Chung, Eun Hee Choi, Gyung Duck Kim, Kyung Hae Kim, Hye Sun Byun
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2017; 17(1): 12.     CrossRef
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Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire
Yu Kyung Park, Hyeon Ok Ju, Hunjoo Na
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):29-38.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.29
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) was designed to measure post-traumatic symptoms related to childbirth and symptoms during postnatal period. The purpose of this study was to develop a translated Korean version of the PPQ and to evaluate reliability and validity of the Korean PPQ.

Methods

Participants were 196 mothers at one to 18 months after giving childbirth and data were collected through e-mails. The PPQ was translated into Korean using translation guideline from World Health Organization. For this study Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the PPQ. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and known-group validity were conducted to examine construct validity. Correlations of the PPQ with Impact of Event Scale (IES), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to test a criterion validity of the PPQ.

Results

Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown split-half correlation coefficient were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. EFA identified a 3-factor solution including arousal, avoidance, and intrusion factors and CFA revealed the strongest support for the 3-factor model. The correlations of the PPQ with IES, BDI-II, and BAI were .99, .60, and .72, respectively, pointing to criterion validity of a high level.

Conclusion

The Korean version PPQ is a useful tool for screening and assessing mothers' experiencing emotional distress related to child birth and during the postnatal period. The PPQ also reflects Post Traumatic Stress Disorder's diagnostic standards well.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A nomogram for predicting postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: a prospective cohort study
    Xiaoting Wang, Jiaxin Ren, Linping Kang, Jing Lu, Hongxia Wang
    BMC Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder after emergency admission
    Fengxia Du, Jun Zha, Yan Li, Lichao Fang, Shuyu Xia, Youjia Yu
    World Journal of Emergency Medicine.2024; 15(2): 121.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression on Paternal Attachment to High-Risk Infants
    Yu Jin Lee, Hyeon Ok Ju
    Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2024; 28(1): 12.     CrossRef
  • Psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the modified perinatal PTSD questionnaire (PPQ-II)
    Stephanie Alves, Mariana Claro, Ana Beato
    Current Psychology.2024; 43(13): 11865.     CrossRef
  • Association of postpartum depression with postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder in Korean mothers: a longitudinal survey
    Hyunjin Cho, Minseon Koh, Hyeji Yoo, Sukhee Ahn
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • Validation of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire for Spanish women during the postpartum period
    Antonio Hernández-Martínez, Sergio Martínez-Vázquez, Julian Rodríguez-Almagro, Khalid Saeed Khan, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mothers’ Perceptions of Quality of Family-Centered Care and Environmental Stressors in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Predictors of and Relationships with Psycho-emotional Outcomes and Postpartum Attachment
    Ah Rim Kim, Young Ran Tak, Yong Soon Shin, E. Hwa Yun, Hyun-Kyung Park, Hyun Ju Lee
    Maternal and Child Health Journal.2020; 24(5): 601.     CrossRef
  • Validating the Psychometric Characteristics of the Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) in a Chinese Context
    Di Zhang, Jun Zhang, Quan Gan, Qiaoling Wang, Nian Fan, Rong Zhang, Yayun Song
    Archives of Psychiatric Nursing.2018; 32(1): 57.     CrossRef
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Development of Patient Transfer Techniques based on Postural-stability Principles for the Care Helpers in Nursing Homes and Evaluation of Effectiveness
Ryewon Ma, Dukyoo Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):39-49.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.39
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to develop a postural-stability patient transfer technique for care helpers in nursing homes and to evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods

Four types of patient transfer techniques (Lifting towards the head board of the bed, turning to the lateral position, sitting upright on the bed, transferring from wheel chair to bed) were practiced in accordance with the following three methods; Care helpers habitually used transfer methods (Method 1), patient transfer methods according to care helper standard textbooks (Method 2), and a method developed by the author ensuring postural-stability (Method 3). The care helpers' muscle activity and four joint angles were measured. The collected data were analyzed using the program SPSS Statistic 21.0. To differentiate the muscle activity and joint angle, the Friedman test was executed and the post-hoc analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.

Results

Muscle activity was significantly lower during Method 3 compared to Methods 1 and 2. In addition, the joint angle was significantly lower for the knee and shoulder joint angle while performing Method 3 compared to Methods 1 and 2.

Discussion

Findings indicate that using postural-stability patient transfer techniques can contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal disease which care helpers suffer from due to physically demanding patient care in nursing homes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Low Back Pain and Its Influencing Factors among Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study
    Hyun Ju Uhm, Hye-Ja Park
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(2): 95.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Lumbar Stabilization Exercise Program on Low Back Pain, the Oswestry Disability Index, Use of Body Mechanics, and Lumbar Strength among Intensive Care Unit Nurses
    Hae Mi Jang, Hye-Ja Park
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(3): 209.     CrossRef
  • Design and Control of Upper-Body Assistive Wearable Robot Using Pneumatic Artificial Muscles
    Hyun-Suh Choi, Hyun-Ji Lee, Tae-Jin Ahn, Hyun-Ki Jung, Jung-Yup Kim
    Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers.2018; 27(3): 235.     CrossRef
  • 190 View
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  • 3 Crossref
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A Study on the Knowledge Structure of Cancer Survivors based on Social Network Analysis
Sun Young Kwon, Ka Ryeong Bae
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):50-58.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.50
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge structure of cancer survivors.

Methods

For data, 1099 articles were collected, with 365 keywords as a Noun phrase extracted from the articles and standardized for analyzing. Co-occurrence matrix were generated via a cosine similarity measure, and then the network analysis and visualization using PFNet and NodeXL were applied to visualize intellectual interchanges among keywords.

Results

According to the result of the content analysis and the cluster analysis of author keywords from cancer survivors articles, keywords such as 'quality of life', 'breast neoplasms', 'cancer survivors', 'neoplasms', 'exercise' had a high degree centrality. The 9 most important research topics concerning cancer survivors were 'cancer-related symptoms and nursing', 'cancer treatment-related issues', 'late effects', 'psychosocial issues', 'healthy living managements', 'social supports', 'palliative cares', 'research methodology', and 'research participants'.

Conclusion

Through this study, the knowledge structure of cancer survivors was identified. The 9 topics identified in this study can provide useful research direction for the development of nursing in cancer survivor research areas. The Network analysis used in this study will be useful for identifying the knowledge structure and identifying general views and current cancer survivor research trends.

Citations

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  • Effectiveness of Self-Assessment, TAilored Information, and Lifestyle Management for Cancer Patients’ Returning to Work (START): A Multi-center, Randomized Controlled Trial
    Danbee Kang, Ka Ryeong Bae, Yeojin Ahn, Nayeon Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Jeong Eon Lee, Se Kyung Lee, Young Mog Shim, Dong Hyun Sinn, Seung Yeop Oh, Mison Chun, Jaesung Heo, Juhee Cho
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 55(2): 419.     CrossRef
  • Web-Based Research Trends on Child and Adolescent Cancer Survivors Over the Last 5 Years: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling Study
    Hyun-Yong Kim, Kyung-Ah Kang, Suk-Jung Han, Jiyoung Chun
    Journal of Medical Internet Research.2022; 24(2): e32309.     CrossRef
  • Network analysis based on big data in social media of Korean adolescents’ diet behaviors
    JongHwi Song, SooYeun Yoo, JunRyul Yang, SangKyun Yun, YunHee Shin, Girish C. Melkani
    PLOS ONE.2022; 17(8): e0273570.     CrossRef
  • An Overview of Cognitive Reserve in Aging Based on Keyword Network Analysis
    Jihyun Kim, Mi So Kim
    INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Analysis of research on metabolic syndrome in cancer survivors using topic modeling and social network analysis
    Ji-Su Kim, Hyejin Kim, Eunkyung Lee, Yeji Seo
    Science Progress.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • An Identification of the Knowledge Structure on the Resilience of Caregivers of People with Dementia using a Text Network Analysis
    Eun Young Kim, Sung Ok Chang
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(1): 66.     CrossRef
  • Research Topics and Trends in Interprofessional Education in Nursing
    Kisook Kim, Ki-Seong Lee
    CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2021; 39(10): 554.     CrossRef
  • Social Determinants of Health of Multicultural Adolescents in South Korea: An Integrated Literature Review (2018~2020)
    Youlim Kim, Hyeonkyeong Lee, Hyeyeon Lee, Mikyung Lee, Sookyung Kim, Kennedy Diema Konlan
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(4): 430.     CrossRef
  • A Network Analysis of Research Topics and Trends in End-of-Life Care and Nursing
    Kisook Kim, Seung Gyeong Jang, Ki-Seong Lee
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(1): 313.     CrossRef
  • Research Trends on Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of Cancer Survivors: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling Approach
    Jin-Hee Park, Mison Chun, Sun Hyoung Bae, Hee-Jun Kim
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2021; 21(4): 231.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge Structure of Nursing Studies on Heart Failure Patients in South Korea through Text Network Analysis
    Seang Ryu, Hyunyoung Park, Yun-Hee Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(4): 409.     CrossRef
  • Semantic Network Analysis of Iussues Related to Mental Illness in Korea Media: Focusing on the Five Major Media from 2016 to 2018
    Sun Joo Park, Na Ri Shin, Seung Hye Kim, Su Bin Park, Chul Eung Kim
    Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2020; 59(1): 72.     CrossRef
  • Identification of the Knowledge Structure of Cancer Survivors’ Return to Work and Quality of Life: A Text Network Analysis
    Kisook Kim, Ki-Seong Lee
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(24): 9368.     CrossRef
  • Using Text Network Analysis for Analyzing Academic Papers in Nursing
    Chan Sook Park
    Perspectives in Nursing Science.2019; 16(1): 12.     CrossRef
  • Identification of Knowledge Structure of Pain Management Nursing Research Applying Text Network Analysis
    Chan Sook Park, Eun-Jun Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(5): 538.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Knowledge Structure of Nursing Care for Older Patients With Delirium
    Jung Eun Choi, Mi So Kim
    CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2018; 36(5): 216.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of Hospice Care Research Topics between Korea and Other Countries Using Text Network Analysis
    Eun-Jun Park, Youngji Kim, Chan Sook Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(5): 600.     CrossRef
  • The Network Analysis of Nursing Diagnoses for Children Admitted in Pediatric Units Determined by Nursing Students
    Mikyung Moon
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2017; 42(3): 223.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Research Articles Published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration for 3 Years (2013~2015): The Application of Text Network Analysis
    Tae Wha Lee, Kwang-Ok Park, GyeongAe Seomun, Miyoung Kim, Jee-In Hwang, Soyoung Yu, Seok Hee Jeong, Min Jung, Mikyung Moon
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(1): 101.     CrossRef
  • Social Network Analysis on Mapping the Knowledge Structure of Dementia Research
    Jung-Hee Han, Young-Hee Yom
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2017; 19(2): 69.     CrossRef
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Development of a Korean Geriatric Suicidal Risk Scale (KGSRS)
Sang Ju Lee, Jung Soon Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):59-68.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.59
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Increase in suicide rate for senior citizens which has become widespread in our society today. It is not a normal social phenomenon and is beyond the danger level. The contents of this study include Korean senior citizens' suicide related risk factors and warning signs, and the development of a simple Geriatric Suicide Risk Scale.

Methods

This study is Methodological Research to verify reliability and validity of the Geriatric Suicide Risk Scale according to the tool development process suggested by Devellis (2012).

Results

For predictive validity assessment, high suicide screening accuracy was showed with an Area under the ROC curve (AUC) of .93. For the optimal cutoff point of 11, sensitivity was 93.9%, and specificity, 75.7% which are excellence levels. Cross validity for assessment of generalization possibility showed the Area under the ROC curve (AUC) as .82 and in case of a cutoff point of 11, sensitivity was 73.7%, and specificity, 65.9%.

Conclusion

When it comes to practical nursing, it is significant that the Korean Geriatric Suicide Risk Scale has high reliability and validity through adequate tool development and the tool assessment step to select degree of suicide risk of senior citizens. Also, it can be easily applied and does not take a long time to administer. Further, it can be used by health care personnel or the general public.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Suicide Screening Questionnaire-Self-Rating (SSQ-SR): Development, Reliability, and Validity in a Clinical Sample of Korean Adults
    Vidal Yook, Young-Hwan Choi, Min Jeong Gu, Hojeong Won, Sook-Young Won, Dong Hun Lee, Hong Jin Jeon
    SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Review of Suicide Risk Assessment Tools and Their Measured Psychometric Properties in Korea
    In-Chul Baek, Soobin Jo, Eun Ji Kim, Ga Ryoung Lee, Dong Hun Lee, Hong Jin Jeon
    Frontiers in Psychiatry.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 220 View
  • 7 Download
  • 2 Crossref
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Development of a Wellness Index for Workers
Moon-Jong Choi, Chang-Sik Son, Jinsu Kim, Yeongmi Ha
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):69-78.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.69
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a wellness index for workers (WIW) and examine the validity and reliability of the WIW for assessing workers' wellness.

Methods

The developmental process for the instrument included construction of a conceptual framework based on a wellness model, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, preliminary study, extraction of final items, and psychometric testing. Content validity was verified by 4 experts from occupational health nursing and wellness disciplines. The construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity were examined with confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability was examined with Cronbach's alpha. The participants were 494 workers from two workplaces.

Results

Eighteen items were selected for the final scale, and the results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor model of wellness with acceptable model fit, and factors named as physical · emotional · social · intellectual · occupational wellness. The convergent and discriminant validity were also supported. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .91.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the WIW is a valid and reliable instrument to comprehensively assess workers' wellness, and to provide basic directions for developing workplace wellness program.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Tourists' perceived value and behavioral intentions based on the choice attributes of wellness tourism
    Miseong Kim, Hyunji Moon, Yeonwoo Joo, Yooshik Yoon
    International Journal of Tourism Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Wellness on Job Satisfaction among Police Officers: Focused on the Mediating Effect of the Meaning in Work
    Soolgi Han, Kyonghwa Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2024; 33(1): 18.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of End-of-Life Care Debriefing for Intensive Care Unit Nurses
    Sook Hyun Park, Jung Eun Lee, Yu-Jin Jung, Ha Neul Yoo, Yeon Su Kim, Young Hee Yi
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2024; 17(3): 87.     CrossRef
  • Development and effectiveness of a cognitive enhancement program based on a mobile application for preventing dementia: a study focusing on older adults who use senior citizen centers
    Mi-Ra Jung, Eun Jeong, Chang-Gyeong Lee
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(2): 113.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of a Mobile Wellness Program for Nurses with Rotating Shifts during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Cluster-Randomized Trial
    Yeongmi Ha, Sang-Ho Lee, Dong-Ha Lee, Young-Hun Kang, Woonjoo Choi, Jinung An
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(2): 1014.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing the Wellness of Call Center Employees
    Yeonju Kim, Gwang Suk Kim, Youlim Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2022; 33(1): 128.     CrossRef
  • Development and Effectiveness of a Community Capacity Building Program for the Wellness of Traditional Marketplace Merchants: A Pilot Study
    Yeojoo Chae, Yeongmi Ha
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(22): 12238.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Mental Health on Wellness in Adult Workers
    Won Ju Hwang, Hyun Hee Jo
    Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Moderating Effect of Nursing Practice Environment on the Relationship between Clinical Nurses’ Sleep Quality and Wellness
    Kyung Jin Hong, Youngjin Lee
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(19): 7068.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of a Workplace Walking Program Using a Fitness Tracker Including Individual Counseling and Tailored Text Messaging
    Mira Jung, Yeongmi Ha
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2019; 30(3): 257.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of a Mobile Wellness Intervention with Fitbit Use and Goal Setting for Workers
    Sang-Ho Lee, Yeongmi Ha, Mira Jung, Seungkyoung Yang, Won-Seok Kang
    Telemedicine and e-Health.2019; 25(11): 1115.     CrossRef
  • Wellness and sleep quality in Korean nursing students: A cross-sectional study
    Sunghee Park, Youngjin Lee, Moonsook Yoo, Sunyoung Jung
    Applied Nursing Research.2019; 48: 13.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Quality of Sleep, Job Commitment and Wellness of Night Shift Nurses in Medium and Small-sized Hospitals
    Yeojoo Chae, Youngshim Go, Jia Kim, Chaecyeung Jeong, Minhui Lee, Yeongmi Ha
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2017; 42(4): 330.     CrossRef
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Effects of a Hospital Based Follow-Up Program for Mothers with Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Min Hee Kim, Eun Sun Ji
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):79-89.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.79
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This paper reports the results of a hospital centered follow-up program on parenting stress, parenting efficacy and coping for mothers with very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Methods

The follow-up program consisted of home visiting by an expert group and self-help program for 1 year. A non-equivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. Participants were 70 mothers with low birth weight infants and were assigned to one of two groups, an experimental groups (n=28), which received the family support program; and a control group (n=27), which received the usual discharge education. Data were analyzed using χ2-test, t-test, and ANCOVA with IBM SPSS statistics 20.0.

Results

Mothers' parenting stress (F=5.66, p=.004) was significantly decreased in the experimental group. There were also significant increases in parenting efficacy (F=13.05, p<.001) and coping (F=8.91, p=.002) in the experimental group.

Conclusion

The study findings suggest that a follow-up program for mothers with VLBW infants is an effective intervention to decrease mothers' parenting stress and to enhance parenting efficacy and coping.

Citations

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Effects of Learning Activities on Application of Learning Portfolio in Nursing Management Course
So Eun Choi, Eun A Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):90-99.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.90
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to examine effects of a learning portfolio by identifying the learning of nursing students taking a learning portfolio-utilized nursing management class.

Methods

A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 83 senior students taking the nursing management course in one of the Departments of Nursing at 2 Universities. Experimental group (n=42) received a learning portfolio-utilized nursing management class 15 times over 15 weeks (3 hours weekly). Self-directed learning abilities, approaches to learning and learning flow of the participants were examined with self-report structured questionnaires. Data were collected between September 2 and December 16, 2014, and were analyzed using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and ANCOVA with SPSS/PC version 21.0.

Results

After the intervention the experimental group showed significant increases in self-directed learning abilities, deep approaches to learning and learning flow compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was found between groups for surface approaches to learning.

Conclusion

Learning activities using the learning portfolios could be effective in cultivating the learning competency for growth of knowledge, technology and professionalism by increasing personal concentration and organization ability of the nursing students so that they can react to the rapidly changing environment.

Citations

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  • Effects of Learning Portfolios in General Education Courses on Undergraduates' Self-Regulated Learning Abilities, Ego-Resilience, and Self-Directed Learning Readiness
    Soonhee Hwang, Keumjin Choi
    The Korean Association of General Education.2023; 17(5): 161.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the effectiveness of the electronic portfolio and online discussion forum methods in teaching professional belonging and ethical behaviors to nursing students: a randomized controlled trial
    Reza Baghbani, Mahnaz Rakhshan, Nahid Zarifsanaiey, Reza Nemati, Safieh Daneshi
    BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yong Sook EO, Hae Ok KIM
    JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2021; 33(5): 1114.     CrossRef
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    Sun-Yi Yang
    Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 507.     CrossRef
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    Hyeyong Lee, Rie Shimotakahara, Akimi Fukada, Sumiko Shinbashi, Shigemitsu Ogata
    Heliyon.2019; 5(3): e01285.     CrossRef
  • A Literature Review of Research on Action Learning-based Nursing Education in South Korea
    Yun-Hee Kim, Hyo-Youn Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(1): 73.     CrossRef
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    Hye Young Lee, Rie Shimotakahara, Hye Weon Kim, Shige Mitsu Ogata
    Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2017; 23(3): 279.     CrossRef
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Influence of Nurse Managers' Authentic Leadership on Nurses' Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Empowerment
Han-Gyo Choi, Sung Hee Ahn
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):100-108.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.100
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine the mediating effect of empowerment in the relationship of nurse managers' authentic leadership, with nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction.

Methods

The participants in this study were 273 registered nurses working in five University hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The measurements included the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, Condition of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II, Organizational Commitment Questionnaire and Korea-Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, simple and multiple regression techniques with the SPSS 18.0 program. Mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test.

Results

There were significant correlations among authentic leadership, empowerment, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Empowerment showed perfect mediating effects in the relationship between authentic leadership and organizational commitment. It had partial mediating effects in the relationship between authentic leadership and job satisfaction.

Conclusion

In this study, nurse managers' authentic leadership had significant influences on nurses organizational commitment and job satisfaction via empowerment. Therefore, to enhance nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction, it is necessary to build effective strategies to enhance nurse manager's authentic leadership and to develop empowering education programs for nurses.

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    Majd T. Mrayyan, Younjae Oh
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    Jing Gao, Tingting Huang, Yao Xu, Tao Li
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    Eun Sook Kim, Nayeon Kim, Su Jung Choi, Nari Kim, Young Hee Kim, Jung Yoon Lee, Eun-Hye Kim
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(3): 48.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Nursing Unit Managers’ Authentic Leadership, Transformational Leadership, and Transactional Leadership on Turnover Intention in Advanced Beginner Nurses: Mediation Effects of Positive Psychological Capital
    Eun Jeong Kim, Eungyung Kim, Son Ja Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(4): 409.     CrossRef
  • How does authentic leadership influence the safety climate in nursing?
    Majd T Mrayyan, Nijmeh AL-Atiyyat, Sami Al-Rawashdeh, Abdullah Algunmeeyn, Hamzeh Y Abunab, Wafa'a W Othman, Mohammad N Sayaheen
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    Majd T. Mrayyan, Nijmeh Al-Atiyyat, Sami Al-Rawashdeh, Abdullah Algunmeeyn, Hamzeh Y. Abunab
    Leadership in Health Services.2022; 35(3): 372.     CrossRef
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    Ping Tang, Xiangeng Zhang, Fen Feng, Junwen Li, Li Zeng, Wanqing Xie, Man Jin, Jialin Wang
    Journal of Nursing Management.2022; 30(8): 4354.     CrossRef
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    Hae‐Ok Kim, Insook Lee, Byoung‐Sook Lee
    Journal of Nursing Management.2022; 30(7): 2216.     CrossRef
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    Seulki Kim, Ji-Young Lim
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    Tae Wha Lee, Phill Ja Kim, Hye Young Lee, Hae Kyung Shin, Hyun Sim Lee, Yoona Choi
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    Hye Sook Kwon, Yeongmi Ha
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    Konstantinos C. Fragkos, Pinelopi Makrykosta, Christos C. Frangos
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    Vanessa Gomes Maziero, Andrea Bernardes, Eline Aparecida Vendas Righetti, Wilza Carla Spiri, Carmen Silvia Gabriel
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    Ching‐Yuan Huang, Rhay‐Hung Weng, Tsung‐Chin Wu, Ching‐Tai Hsu, Chiu‐Hsia Hung, Yu‐Chen Tsai
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    Elad Kalay, Yael Brender-Ilan, Jeffrey Kantor
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  • Effect of Head Nurses' Authentic Leadership on Nurses' Job Satisfaction and Nursing Performance: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Empowerment
    Mi-Jeong Kim, Ji-Young Han
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  • Effects of Relational Bonds and Professional Authority in the Organizational Commitment of Intensive Care Unit Nurses
    Naeyoung Lee, Young Soon Kim
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  • Mediating Effect of Psychological Empowerment on the Relationship of Middle Managers’ Authentic Leadership with the Staff’s Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction at the Local Medical Center
    Hye-Jin Kim, Seong-Ae Hong
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Psychometric Properties and Item Evaluation of Korean Version of Night Eating Questionnaire (KNEQ)
Beomjong Kim, Inja Kim, Heejung Choi
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):109-117.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.109
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop a Korean version of Night Eating Questionnaire (KNEQ) and test its psychometric properties and evaluate items according to item response theory.

Methods

The 14-item NEQ as a measure of severity of the night eating syndrome was translated into Korean, and then this KNEQ was evaluated. A total of 1171 participants aged 20 to 50 completed the KNEQ on the Internet. To test reliability and validity, Cronbach's alpha, correlation, simple regression, and factor analysis were used. Each item was analyzed according to Rasch-Andrich rating scale model and item difficulty, discrimination, infit/outfit, and point measure correlation were evaluated.

Results

Construct validity was evident. Cronbach's alpha was .78. The items of evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion showed high ability in discriminating people with night eating syndrome, while items of morning anorexia and mood/sleep provided relatively little information. The results of item analysis showed that item2 and item7 needed to be revised to improve the reliability of KNEQ.

Conclusion

KNEQ is an appropriate instrument to measure severity of night eating syndrome with good validity and reliability. However, further studies are needed to find cut-off scores to screen persons with night eating syndrome.

Citations

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  • The Night Eating Questionnaire through the lens of the Rasch model
    Vojkan Aleksic, Marija Milic, Jelena Dotlic, Biljana Jeremic, Branislav Djerkovic, Ivan Radic, Ana Karanovic, Ljiljana Kulic, Milivoje Galjak, Tatjana Gazibara
    Heliyon.2024; 10(11): e31929.     CrossRef
  • The association between night eating syndrome and health-related quality of life in Korean adults: a nationwide study
    Woorim Kim, Yeong Jun Ju, Soon Young Lee
    Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Woorim Kim, Yeong Jun Ju, Soon Young Lee
    International Journal of Eating Disorders.2022; 55(2): 254.     CrossRef
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    Hye Sook Shin, Eunlim Chi, Hae-Ra Han
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(6): 769.     CrossRef
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    Ae Kyung Chang, Kyung Hye Lee, Chong Mi Chang, Jin Yi Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(4): 497.     CrossRef
  • Psychometric properties and gender invariance of the simplified Chinese version of Night Eating Questionnaire in a large sample of mainland Chinese college students
    Jinbo He, Feng Ji, Xiaoya Zhang, Xitao Fan
    Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity.2019; 24(1): 57.     CrossRef
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    Hee Jin Kim, Yeong Kim
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2019; 29(1): 56.     CrossRef
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    Hyun Jung Lee, Ji Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 399.     CrossRef
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Structural Equation Modeling for Public Hospital Quality of Care, Image, Role Performance, Satisfaction, Intent to (Re)visit, and Intent to Recommend Hospital as Perceived by Community Residents
Eun Jeong Hwang, In Ok Sim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):118-127.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.118
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The study purposes were to construct and test structural equation modeling on the causal relationship of community residents' perceived quality of care, image, and role performance with satisfaction, intention to (re)visit and intention to recommend hospital.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 3,900 community residents from 39 district public hospitals. The questionnaire was designed to collected information on personal characteristics and community awareness of public hospitals. Community awareness consisted of 6 factors and 18 items. The data were collected utilizing call-interview by a survey company. Research data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and AMOS version 20.0.

Results

Model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level: χ2=796.40 (df=79, p <.001), GFI=.93, AGFI=.90, RMSR=.08, NFI=.94. Quality of care, image, and role performance explained 68.1% of variance in community awareness. Total effect of quality of care process factors on satisfaction (path coefficients=3.67), intention to (re)visit (path coefficients=2.67) and intention to recommend hospital (coefficients=2.45) were higher than other factors.

Conclusion

Findings show that public hospitals have to make an effort to improve community image through the provision of quality care, and excellent role performance. Support for these activities is available from both Central and Local Governments.

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    Muh. Abdurrouf, Nursalam Nursalam, Ahsan Ahsan, Iwan Ardian, Intan Rismatul Azizah
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    Md. Noor Un Nabi, Fatema Tuj Zohora, Farzana Akther
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    Javaneh Mehran, Hossein GT. Olya
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Effects of an Individual Breast-feeding Promotion Program for Married Immigrant Women
Mi Kyoung Park, So-Hyun Moon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):128-139.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.128
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of an individual breast-feeding promotion program to address breast-feeding knowledge, attitude, method and rate of practice for married immigrant women.

Methods

A non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design was used (experimental group=16, control group=17). The intervention consisted of 3 phases: (1) Within 2 hours of delivery - individual breast-feeding training through video/verbal/practical training education and demonstration (2) After 1~2 days - group training using video, model doll, and breast models (3) After 7 days - family visit, counseling, retraining and reinforcement training. The data were analyzed using non-parametric tests with the SPSS program.

Results

Married immigrant women who participated in the individual breast-feeding program scored high in knowledge, attitude, method and rate of practice compared to the control group.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the individual breast-feeding program is very effective in increasing breast-feeding knowledge, attitude, method and rate of practicing breast feeding for married immigrant women. So, nurses are encouraged to aggressively utilize individual breast-feeding programs to help married immigrant women, who are exposed to vulnerability due to various situations.

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  • Development and Effectiveness Evaluation of Comprehensive Mobile-Based, Breastfeeding Promotion Program for Mothers with Gestational Diabetes
    Eunju Kwak, Seungmi Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(2): 224.     CrossRef
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    Hae Won Kim, Seungmi Park, Youngji Kim
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    Youngmee Kim, Kap-Chul Cho
    Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 515.     CrossRef
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    Sun Kyung Kim, Seyeon Park, Sukhee Ahn
    Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2017; 29(5): 351.     CrossRef
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The Effects of Urban Forest-walking Program on Health Promotion Behavior, Physical Health, Depression, and Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Office-workers
Kyung-Sook Bang, In-sook Lee, Sung-Jae Kim, Min Kyung Song, Se-Eun Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):140-148.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.140
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was performed to determine the physical and psychological effects of an urban forest-walking program for office workers. For many workers, sedentary lifestyles can lead to low levels of physical activity causing various health problems despite an increased interest in health promotion.

Methods

Fifty four office workers participated in this study. They were assigned to two groups (experimental group and control group) in random order and the experimental group performed 5 weeks of walking exercise based on Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills Model. The data were collected from October to November 2014. SPSS 21.0 was used for the statistical analysis.

Results

The results showed that the urban forest walking program had positive effects on the physical activity level (U=65.00, p <.001), health promotion behavior (t= - 2.20, p =.033), and quality of life (t= - 2.42, p =.020). However, there were no statistical differences in depression, waist size, body mass index, blood pressure, or bone density between the groups.

Conclusion

The current findings of the study suggest the forest-walking program may have positive effects on improving physical activity, health promotion behavior, and quality of life. The program can be used as an effective and efficient strategy for physical and psychological health promotion for office workers.

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    Viola Benedetti, Gioele Gavazzi, Fiorenza Giganti, Elio Carlo, Francesco Riccardo Becheri, Federica Zabini, Fabio Giovannelli, Maria Pia Viggiano
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Development of Korean Intensive Care Delirium Screening Tool (KICDST)
Ae-Ri-Na Nam, Jee-Won Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):149-158.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.149
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to develop of the Korean intensive care delirium screening tool (KICDST).

Methods

The KICDST was developed in 5 steps: Configuration of conceptual frame, development of preliminary tool, pilot study, reliability and validity test, development of final KICDST. Reliability tests were done using degree of agreement between evaluators and internal consistency. For validity tests, CVI (Content Validity Index), ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) analysis, known group technique and factor analysis were used.

Results

In the reliability test, the degree of agreement between evaluators showed .80~1.00 and the internal consistency was KR-20=.84. The CVI was .83~1.00. In ROC analysis, the AUC (Area Under the ROC Curve) was .98. Assessment score was 4 points. The values for sensitivity, specificity, correct classification rate, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were found to be 95.0%, 93.7%, 94.4%, 95.0% and 93.7%, respectively. In the known group technique, the average delirium screening tool score of the non-delirium group was 1.25±0.99 while that of delirium group was 5.07±1.89 (t= - 16.33, p <.001). The factors were classified into 3 factors (cognitive change, symptom fluctuation, psychomotor retardation), which explained 67.4% of total variance.

Conclusion

Findings show that the KICDST has high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, this screening tool is recommended for early identification of delirium in intensive care patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Eun Ju Cho, Myoung Soo Kim
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