Moon-Jong Choi; Chang-Sik Son; Jinsu Kim; Yeongmi Ha

doi:10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.69

Articles

Page Path: HOME > J Korean Acad Nurs > Volume 46(1); 2016 > Article

Original Article
Development of a Wellness Index for Workers: Moon-Jong Choi, Chang-Sik Son, Jinsu Kim, Yeongmi Ha; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2016;46(1):69-78.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.69
Published online: February 29, 2016

¹Medical Device Development Center, DGMIF, Daegu, Korea.

²Wellness Convergence Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.

³College of Business Administration, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.

⁴College of Nursing·Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Ha, Yeongmi. College of Nursing·Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 816 beon-gil 15, Jinju-daero, Jinju 52727, Korea. Tel: +82-55-772-8253, Fax: +82-55-772-8222, yha@gnu.ac.kr

• Received: January 21, 2015 • Revised: February 6, 2015 • Accepted: October 17, 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

13 Views
1 Download
12 Scopus

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a wellness index for workers (WIW) and examine the validity and reliability of the WIW for assessing workers' wellness.
Methods
The developmental process for the instrument included construction of a conceptual framework based on a wellness model, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, preliminary study, extraction of final items, and psychometric testing. Content validity was verified by 4 experts from occupational health nursing and wellness disciplines. The construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity were examined with confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability was examined with Cronbach's alpha. The participants were 494 workers from two workplaces.
Results
Eighteen items were selected for the final scale, and the results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor model of wellness with acceptable model fit, and factors named as physical · emotional · social · intellectual · occupational wellness. The convergent and discriminant validity were also supported. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .91.
Conclusion
The results indicate that the WIW is a valid and reliable instrument to comprehensively assess workers' wellness, and to provide basic directions for developing workplace wellness program.
Keywords: Health status; Worker; Validity

This work was supported by the R&D Program of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea (Program of Advanced Technology Development for Future Industry, 10044353).

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

REFERENCES

1. Dunn HL. High level wellness. Thorofare, NJ: Charles B. Slack; 1977.
2. Larson JS. The conceptualization of health. Med Care Res Rev. 1999;56(2):123–136. Article PubMed PDF
3. Smith BJ, Tang KC, Nutbeam D. WHO health promotion glossary: New terms. Health Promot Int. 2006;21(4):340–345. Article PubMed
4. Office of Strategic R & D Planning, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology. 2012 trends analysis and future strategies of wellness industry. Cheonan: Korea Institute of Industrial Technology; 2012.
5. Roscoe LJ. Wellness: A review of theory and measurement for counselors. J Couns Dev. 2009;87(2):216–226. Article
6. World Economic Forum. The workplace wellness alliance - making the right investment: Employee health and the power of metrics [Internet]. Geneva, CH, Author. 2013;cited 2015 January 10. Available from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_HE_WorkplaceWellnessAlliance_Report_2013.pdf
7. Doyle EI, Ward SE, Oomen-Early J. The process of community health education and promotion. 2nd ed. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press; 2010.
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National healthy worksite program [Internet]. Atlanta, GA, Author. 2014;cited 2015 January 10. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nationalhealthyworksite/index.html
9. Ministry of Health and Welfare. National health plan 2020. Seoul: Author; 2011.
10. Baicker K, Cutler D, Song Z. Workplace wellness programs can generate savings. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29(2):304–311. Article PubMed
11. Hettler B. Wellness promotion on a university campus. Fam Community Health. 1980;3(1):77–95.Article PubMed
12. Travis JW, Ryan RS. Wellness workbook. 3rd ed. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press; 2004.
13. Harrington D. Confirmatory factor analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2009.
14. Korea Ministry of Government Legislation. Labor standards act [Internet]. Sejong, Author. 2015;cited 2015 July 6. Available from: http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=150421&efYd=20140701#0000
15. National Institute of Korean Language. Basic Korean dictionary [Internet]. Seoul, Author. 2015;cited 2015 July 6. Available from: http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp
16. Myers JE, Sweeney TJ. The indivisible self: An evidence-based model of wellness. J Individ Psychol. 2004;60(3):234–245.
17. Sweeney TJ, Witmer JM. Beyond social interest: Striving toward optimum health and wellness. Individ Psychol. 1991;47(4):527–540.
18. Depken D. Wellness through the lens of gender: A paradigm shift. Wellness Perspect. 1994;10(2):54–69.
19. Adams T, Bezner J, Steinhardt M. The conceptualization and measurement of perceived wellness: Integrating balance across and within dimensions. Am J Health Promot. 1997;11(3):208–218. Article PubMed PDF
20. Renger RF, Midyett SJ, Soto Mas FG, Erin TD, McDermott HM, Papenfuss RL, et al. Optimal living profile: An inventory to assess health and wellness. Am J Health Behav. 2000;24(6):403–412. Article
21. Hair JF Jr, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate data analysis. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice-Hall; 2010.
22. Ware JE Jr, Gandek B. Methods for testing data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability: The IQOLA project approach. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(11):945–952. PubMed
23. Schumacker RE, Lomax RG. A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2010.
24. Lee K, Shin S. Validity of instrument development research in Korean nursing research. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013;43(6):697–703. Article PubMed
25. Bae BR. Structural equation modeling with Amos 19: Principles and practice. Seoul: Chungram Books; 2011.
26. Hattie JA, Myers JE, Sweeney TJ. A factor structure of wellness: Theory, assessment, analysis, and practice. J Couns Dev. 2004;82(3):354–364. Article
27. Dahlgren G, Whitehead M. European strategies for tackling social inequities in health: Levelling up part 2. Copenhagen, DK: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2006.
28. Ministry of Employment and Labor. Campaign for balance of work and life [Internet]. Sejong, Author. 2014;cited 2015 January 10. Available from: http://www.worklifebalance.co.kr/campaign/
29. Nunally JC. Psychometric theory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1978.
30. Strout K. Wellness promotion and the institute of medicine's future of nursing report: Are nurses ready? Holist Nurs Pract. 2012;26(3):129–136. PubMed

Table 1

General Characteristics of Participants (N =494)

Table 2

Goodness of Fit Indices for Wellness Index using Confirmatory Factor Analysis

CMIN/DF=Chi-square minimum/degree of freedom; GFI=Goodness of fit index; NFI=Normal fit index; CFI=Comparative fit index; TLI=Turker-Lewis index; RMSEA=Root mean square error of approximation.

Table 3

Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Final Items for WIW

AVE=Average variance extracted; CR=Composite reliability; WIW=Wellness index for workers.

Table 4

Correlations between the Five Dimensions of Wellness

AVE=Average variance extracted.

Table 5

Reliability of Five Dimensions of Wellness

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Development of a Wellness Index for Workers

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2016;46(1):69-78. Published online February 29, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.69

XML Download

We recommend

Related articles

Development of a Wellness Index for Workers

Table 1

General Characteristics of Participants (N =494)

Table 2

Goodness of Fit Indices for Wellness Index using Confirmatory Factor Analysis

CMIN/DF=Chi-square minimum/degree of freedom; GFI=Goodness of fit index; NFI=Normal fit index; CFI=Comparative fit index; TLI=Turker-Lewis index; RMSEA=Root mean square error of approximation.

Table 3

Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Final Items for WIW

AVE=Average variance extracted; CR=Composite reliability; WIW=Wellness index for workers.

Table 4

Correlations between the Five Dimensions of Wellness

AVE=Average variance extracted.

Table 5

Reliability of Five Dimensions of Wellness

Table 1 General Characteristics of Participants (N =494)

Table 2 Goodness of Fit Indices for Wellness Index using Confirmatory Factor Analysis

CMIN/DF=Chi-square minimum/degree of freedom; GFI=Goodness of fit index; NFI=Normal fit index; CFI=Comparative fit index; TLI=Turker-Lewis index; RMSEA=Root mean square error of approximation.

Table 3 Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Final Items for WIW

AVE=Average variance extracted; CR=Composite reliability; WIW=Wellness index for workers.