Yu Kyung Park; Hyeon Ok Ju; Hunjoo Na

doi:10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.29

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Original Article
Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire: Yu Kyung Park, Hyeon Ok Ju, Hunjoo Na; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2016;46(1):29-38.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.29
Published online: February 29, 2016

¹Choonhae College of Health Science, Ulsan, Korea.

²Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Ju, Hyeon Ok. Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, 32 Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea. Tel: +82-51-240-2689, Fax: +82-51-240-2920, enfanju@dau.ac.kr

• Received: August 14, 2015 • Revised: September 3, 2015 • Accepted: October 1, 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

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Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES
Appendix

Abstract

Purpose
The Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) was designed to measure post-traumatic symptoms related to childbirth and symptoms during postnatal period. The purpose of this study was to develop a translated Korean version of the PPQ and to evaluate reliability and validity of the Korean PPQ.
Methods
Participants were 196 mothers at one to 18 months after giving childbirth and data were collected through e-mails. The PPQ was translated into Korean using translation guideline from World Health Organization. For this study Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the PPQ. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and known-group validity were conducted to examine construct validity. Correlations of the PPQ with Impact of Event Scale (IES), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to test a criterion validity of the PPQ.
Results
Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown split-half correlation coefficient were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. EFA identified a 3-factor solution including arousal, avoidance, and intrusion factors and CFA revealed the strongest support for the 3-factor model. The correlations of the PPQ with IES, BDI-II, and BAI were .99, .60, and .72, respectively, pointing to criterion validity of a high level.
Conclusion
The Korean version PPQ is a useful tool for screening and assessing mothers' experiencing emotional distress related to child birth and during the postnatal period. The PPQ also reflects Post Traumatic Stress Disorder's diagnostic standards well.
Keywords: Perinatal; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Mothers; Reliability; Validity

This study was supported by research funds from Dong-A University.

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

REFERENCES

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Appendix

Appendix 1

Korean Version of the Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire [Korean PPQ])

Figure. 1

Three-factor model of Korean mothers' perinatal PTSD with standardised parameter estimates and factor intercorrelations.

Table 1

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Korean PPQ

NFI=Normed Fit Index; NNFI=Nonnormed Fit Index; CFI=Comparative Fit Index; GFI=Goodness of Fit Index; AGFI=Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index; RMSEA=Root Mean-Squared Error of Approximation.

Table 2

Convergent Validity and Discriminant Validity

AVE=Average variance extracted; CR=Construct reliability.

Table 3

Comparison of Korean PPQ Scores between Fullterm and Preterm Group (N =196)

PPQ=Perinatal PTSD questionnaire.

Table 4

Correlations of Korean PPQ, IES-K-R, BDI-II and BAI (N =196)

PPQ=Perinatal PTSD questionnaire; IES-K-R=Korean version of impact of event scale-revised; BDI=Beck depression inventory; BAI=Beck anxiety inventory.

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2016;46(1):29-38. Published online February 29, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.29

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Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire

Figure. 1 Three-factor model of Korean mothers' perinatal PTSD with standardised parameter estimates and factor intercorrelations.

Figure. 1

Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire

Table 1

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Korean PPQ

NFI=Normed Fit Index; NNFI=Nonnormed Fit Index; CFI=Comparative Fit Index; GFI=Goodness of Fit Index; AGFI=Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index; RMSEA=Root Mean-Squared Error of Approximation.

Table 2

Convergent Validity and Discriminant Validity

AVE=Average variance extracted; CR=Construct reliability.

Table 3

Comparison of Korean PPQ Scores between Fullterm and Preterm Group (N =196)

PPQ=Perinatal PTSD questionnaire.

Table 4

Correlations of Korean PPQ, IES-K-R, BDI-II and BAI (N =196)

PPQ=Perinatal PTSD questionnaire; IES-K-R=Korean version of impact of event scale-revised; BDI=Beck depression inventory; BAI=Beck anxiety inventory.

Table 1 Exploratory Factor Analysis of Korean PPQ

NFI=Normed Fit Index; NNFI=Nonnormed Fit Index; CFI=Comparative Fit Index; GFI=Goodness of Fit Index; AGFI=Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index; RMSEA=Root Mean-Squared Error of Approximation.

Table 2 Convergent Validity and Discriminant Validity

AVE=Average variance extracted; CR=Construct reliability.

Table 3 Comparison of Korean PPQ Scores between Fullterm and Preterm Group (N =196)

PPQ=Perinatal PTSD questionnaire.

Table 4 Correlations of Korean PPQ, IES-K-R, BDI-II and BAI (N =196)

PPQ=Perinatal PTSD questionnaire; IES-K-R=Korean version of impact of event scale-revised; BDI=Beck depression inventory; BAI=Beck anxiety inventory.