1경상국립대학교 간호대학원
2경상국립대학교 간호대학 지속가능건강연구소
1Graduate School, College of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
2Sustainable Health Research Institute, College of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
© 2025 Korean Society of Nursing Science
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.
Conflicts of Interest
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Acknowledgements
None.
Data Sharing Statement
Please contact the corresponding author for data availability.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization or/and Methodology: EHY, MY. Data curation or/and Analysis: EHY, MY. Funding acquisition: none. Investigation: EHY. Project administration or/and Supervision: EHY, MY. Resources or/and Software: EHY, MY. Validation: MY. Visualization: MY. Writing: original draft or/and Review & Editing: EHY, MY. Final approval of the manuscript: EHY, MY.
Sub-factor | Original item no. |
Factor and component |
Communality | Cumulative variance (%) | Eigenvalue | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |||||
Caring | C19 | .74 | .26 | .12 | .62 | 23.4 | 4.92 |
C18 | .70 | .27 | .23 | .62 | |||
C22 | .70 | .40 | .13 | .67 | |||
C21 | .70 | .35 | .19 | .66 | |||
C3 | .64 | .01 | .44 | .61 | |||
C14 | .63 | .29 | .28 | .56 | |||
C15 | .61 | .21 | .41 | .58 | |||
C16 | .51 | .28 | .36 | .47 | |||
Activism | A11 | .04 | .78 | .34 | .72 | 22.0 | 4.62 |
A12 | .27 | .74 | .30 | .72 | |||
A25 | .44 | .67 | .16 | .67 | |||
A24 | .48 | .67 | .08 | .69 | |||
A27 | .45 | .66 | .21 | .68 | |||
A23 | .47 | .66 | .07 | .66 | |||
A13 | .37 | .64 | .17 | .57 | |||
A26 | .09 | .63 | .47 | .63 | |||
Professionalism | P6 | .20 | .17 | .73 | .60 | 15.5 | 3.25 |
P5 | .02 | .32 | .63 | .50 | |||
C2a) | .37 | .13 | .62 | .54 | |||
P4 | .26 | .13 | .62 | .46 | |||
P7 | .41 | .33 | .56 | .60 | |||
Total | 60.9 |
Sub-factor | Item no. | Standardized estimates (β) | SE | CR | AVE |
Correlation (r) |
2×SE | Correlation coefficient of the concept of belonging-(2×SE) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caring | Activism | Professionalism | ||||||||
Caring | C19 | .64 | .22 | .95 | .72 | .70 | .44 | .53 | .10 | .60 |
C18 | .72 | .18 | .75 | .58 | .52 | .09 | .66 | |||
C22 | .71 | .19 | .77 | .56 | .55 | .09 | .68 | |||
C21 | .66 | .32 | .73 | .55 | .52 | .10 | .63 | |||
C3 | .76 | .21 | .80 | .57 | .51 | .08 | .72 | |||
C14 | .73 | .15 | .76 | .55 | .44 | .09 | .67 | |||
C15 | .78 | .19 | .80 | .62 | .53 | .09 | .71 | |||
C16 | .77 | .17 | .79 | .64 | .51 | .09 | .70 | |||
Activism | A11 | .71 | .30 | .95 | .70 | .45 | .78 | .49 | .09 | .69 |
A12 | .80 | .18 | .59 | .84 | .55 | .08 | .76 | |||
A25 | .71 | .32 | .58 | .76 | .49 | .09 | .67 | |||
A24 | .76 | .27 | .63 | .80 | .44 | .09 | .71 | |||
A27 | .79 | .21 | .65 | .80 | .45 | .08 | .72 | |||
A23 | .80 | .20 | .64 | .82 | .50 | .08 | .74 | |||
A13 | .67 | .28 | .49 | .72 | .55 | .10 | .62 | |||
A26 | .81 | .18 | .67 | .82 | .53 | .08 | .74 | |||
Professionalism | P6 | .61 | .26 | .89 | .61 | .54 | .47 | .69 | .10 | .59 |
P5 | .57 | .25 | .44 | .41 | .68 | .10 | .58 | |||
C2a) | .56 | .44 | .39 | .42 | .71 | .10 | .61 | |||
P4 | .69 | .24 | .48 | .42 | .79 | .09 | .70 | |||
P7 | .81 | .16 | .63 | .60 | .79 | .09 | .71 |
Characteristics | Categories | Value |
---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 23.9±5.24 (20–55) | |
Gender | Men | 29 (14.1) |
Women | 177 (85.9) | |
Year in program | 3rd year | 95 (46.1) |
4th year | 111 (53.9) | |
Religion | No | 144 (69.9) |
Yes | 62 (30.1) | |
Motivation for choosing major | Employment after graduation | 122 (59.2) |
Aptitude | 33 (16.0) | |
Recommendation from others | 30 (14.6) | |
Grades, random opportunities, etc. | 21 (10.2) | |
Previous semester GPA | 2.0–2.99 | 16 (7.8) |
3.00–3.49 | 49 (23.8) | |
3.50–3.99 | 82 (39.8) | |
≥4.0 | 59 (28.6) | |
Desired career path after graduation | Nurse (clinical, industrial, etc.) | 182 (88.3) |
Public servant, teacher, etc. | 24 (11.7) |
Sub-factor | Original item no. | Mean±SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | Corrected item-total correlation (r) | Cronbach’s α if item deleted | Cronbach’s α |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caring | C2 | 4.46±0.64 | -1.01 | 0.93 | .57 | .96 | .90 |
C3 | 4.56±0.60 | -1.16 | 1.01 | .58 | .96 | ||
C14 | 4.53±0.61 | -0.93 | -0.14 | .68 | .95 | ||
C15 | 4.55±0.62 | -1.32 | 1.81 | .66 | .95 | ||
C16 | 4.34±0.76 | -1.08 | 0.86 | .63 | .95 | ||
C18 | 4.42±0.70 | -1.15 | 1.27 | .67 | .95 | ||
C19 | 4.63±0.58 | -1.46 | 1.96 | .63 | .95 | ||
C20 | 4.45±0.64 | -0.72 | -0.48 | .57 | .96 | ||
C21 | 4.51±0.69 | -1.45 | 2.05 | .71 | .95 | ||
C22 | 4.53±0.64 | -1.17 | 0.73 | .70 | .95 | ||
Activism | A10 | 4.44±0.71 | -1.29 | 2.10 | .67 | .95 | .93 |
A11 | 4.27±0.78 | -0.95 | 0.91 | .65 | .95 | ||
A12 | 4.35±0.72 | -0.97 | 0.67 | .75 | .95 | ||
A13 | 4.24±0.80 | -0.98 | 0.95 | .67 | .95 | ||
A17 | 4.25±0.75 | -0.72 | 0.06 | .73 | .95 | ||
A23 | 4.31±0.81 | -0.95 | 0.17 | .69 | .95 | ||
A24 | 4.38±0.75 | -1.25 | 1.94 | .72 | .95 | ||
A25 | 4.38±0.75 | -0.97 | 0.14 | .72 | .95 | ||
A26 | 4.33±0.71 | -0.75 | -0.06 | .64 | .95 | ||
A27 | 4.30±0.74 | -0.84 | 0.32 | .75 | .95 | ||
Professionalism | P1 | 4.27±0.69 | -0.86 | 1.13 | .55 | .96 | .84 |
P4 | 4.52±0.61 | -1.02 | 0.71 | .50 | .96 | ||
P5 | 3.96±0.80 | -0.56 | 0.07 | .49 | .96 | ||
P6 | 4.42±0.69 | -0.96 | 0.44 | .55 | .96 | ||
P7 | 4.33±0.68 | -0.71 | 0.14 | .71 | .95 | ||
P8 | 4.46±0.64 | -1.00 | 0.90 | .68 | .95 | ||
P9 | 4.37±0.68 | -0.99 | 1.87 | .67 | .95 | ||
P28 | 4.32±0.79 | -1.23 | 1.79 | .58 | .96 | ||
Total | .96 |
Sub-factor | Original item no. | Factor and component |
Communality | Cumulative variance (%) | Eigenvalue | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |||||
Caring | C19 | .74 | .26 | .12 | .62 | 23.4 | 4.92 |
C18 | .70 | .27 | .23 | .62 | |||
C22 | .70 | .40 | .13 | .67 | |||
C21 | .70 | .35 | .19 | .66 | |||
C3 | .64 | .01 | .44 | .61 | |||
C14 | .63 | .29 | .28 | .56 | |||
C15 | .61 | .21 | .41 | .58 | |||
C16 | .51 | .28 | .36 | .47 | |||
Activism | A11 | .04 | .78 | .34 | .72 | 22.0 | 4.62 |
A12 | .27 | .74 | .30 | .72 | |||
A25 | .44 | .67 | .16 | .67 | |||
A24 | .48 | .67 | .08 | .69 | |||
A27 | .45 | .66 | .21 | .68 | |||
A23 | .47 | .66 | .07 | .66 | |||
A13 | .37 | .64 | .17 | .57 | |||
A26 | .09 | .63 | .47 | .63 | |||
Professionalism | P6 | .20 | .17 | .73 | .60 | 15.5 | 3.25 |
P5 | .02 | .32 | .63 | .50 | |||
C2 |
.37 | .13 | .62 | .54 | |||
P4 | .26 | .13 | .62 | .46 | |||
P7 | .41 | .33 | .56 | .60 | |||
Total | 60.9 |
Sub-factor | Item no. | Standardized estimates (β) | SE | CR | AVE | Correlation (r) |
2×SE | Correlation coefficient of the concept of belonging-(2×SE) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caring | Activism | Professionalism | ||||||||
Caring | C19 | .64 | .22 | .95 | .72 | .70 | .44 | .53 | .10 | .60 |
C18 | .72 | .18 | .75 | .58 | .52 | .09 | .66 | |||
C22 | .71 | .19 | .77 | .56 | .55 | .09 | .68 | |||
C21 | .66 | .32 | .73 | .55 | .52 | .10 | .63 | |||
C3 | .76 | .21 | .80 | .57 | .51 | .08 | .72 | |||
C14 | .73 | .15 | .76 | .55 | .44 | .09 | .67 | |||
C15 | .78 | .19 | .80 | .62 | .53 | .09 | .71 | |||
C16 | .77 | .17 | .79 | .64 | .51 | .09 | .70 | |||
Activism | A11 | .71 | .30 | .95 | .70 | .45 | .78 | .49 | .09 | .69 |
A12 | .80 | .18 | .59 | .84 | .55 | .08 | .76 | |||
A25 | .71 | .32 | .58 | .76 | .49 | .09 | .67 | |||
A24 | .76 | .27 | .63 | .80 | .44 | .09 | .71 | |||
A27 | .79 | .21 | .65 | .80 | .45 | .08 | .72 | |||
A23 | .80 | .20 | .64 | .82 | .50 | .08 | .74 | |||
A13 | .67 | .28 | .49 | .72 | .55 | .10 | .62 | |||
A26 | .81 | .18 | .67 | .82 | .53 | .08 | .74 | |||
Professionalism | P6 | .61 | .26 | .89 | .61 | .54 | .47 | .69 | .10 | .59 |
P5 | .57 | .25 | .44 | .41 | .68 | .10 | .58 | |||
C2 |
.56 | .44 | .39 | .42 | .71 | .10 | .61 | |||
P4 | .69 | .24 | .48 | .42 | .79 | .09 | .70 | |||
P7 | .81 | .16 | .63 | .60 | .79 | .09 | .71 |
Variable | Sub-factors | Nurses professional values |
Professional identity |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Caring | 2. Activism | 3. Professionalism | 4. Total | 5. Belief in autonomy | 6. Belief in service | 7. Professional vocation | 8. Professional organization activity in conformity | 9. Total | ||
Nurses professional values | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
2 | .74 (<.001) | 1 | ||||||||
3 | .67 (<.001) | .63 (<.001) | 1 | |||||||
4 | .90 (<.001) | .91 (<.001) | .86 (<.001) | 1 | ||||||
Professional identity | 5 | .22 (.002) | .41 (<.001) | .29 (<.001) | .35 (<.001) | 1 | ||||
6 | .30 (<.001) | .47 (<.001) | .36 (<.001) | .43 (<.001) | .51 (<.001) | 1 | ||||
7 | .37 (<.001) | .46 (<.001) | .40 (<.001) | .46 (<.001) | .62 (<.001) | .42 (<.001) | 1 | |||
8 | .43 (<.001) | .51 (<.001) | .36 (<.001) | .49 (<.001) | .67 (<.001) | .48 (<.001) | .73 (<.001) | 1 | ||
9 | .40 (<.001) | .55 (<.001) | .43 (<.001) | .52 (<.001) | .84 (<.001) | .65 (<.001) | .90 (<.001) | .88 (<.001) | 1 | |
Mean±SD | 4.51±0.50 | 4.32±0.60 | 4.34±0.50 | 4.39±0.47 | 3.71±0.71 | 4.11±0.65 | 3.86±0.77 | 3.96±0.68 | 3.90±0.60 | |
Cronbach’s α | .90 | .92 | .78 | .94 | .68 | .60 | .87 | .74 | .90 |
한국어판 |
||
---|---|---|
하위요인 | 원문항번호 | 문항 |
돌봄 | C3 | 환자/대중의 건강과 안전을 보호하는 것 |
C14 | 자신의 실무에 대한 책무와 책임을 받아들이는 것 | |
C15 | 환자의 도덕적, 법적 권리를 보호하는 것 | |
C16 | 환자 편에서 옹호자로 역할을 수행하는 것 | |
C18 | 환자와 인구집단에 대한 편견이나 선입견 없이 돌봄을 제공하는 것 | |
C19 | 기밀 유지 및 사생활보호에 대한 환자의 권리를 보호하는 것 | |
C21 | 연구 참여대상자들의 권리를 보호하는 것 | |
C22 | 성실함과 인간존중의 원칙에 따라 업무 수행을 하는 것 | |
사회적 실천 | A11 | 건강(보건) 정책 수립에 있어 전문 간호협회의 역할을 인식하는 것 |
A12 | 의료 격차를 줄이기 위해 협력적인 파트너십을 수립하는 것 | |
A13 | 다양한 인구계층의 건강요구사항을 충족시킬 책임을 지는 것 | |
A23 | 적극적으로 일반 대중의 건강을 증진시키는 것 | |
A24 | 양질의 의료와 전문적인 만족을 보장하기 위해 전문가로서 노력과 동료 간 상호협력에 참여하는 것 | |
A25 | 양질의 의료와 전문가로서 만족을 보장하기 위해 동료상호 간 지원이나 상호작용을 장려하는 것 | |
A26 | 의료서비스를 개선하기 위해 입법자 및 기타 정책 입안자에게 영향을 미치는 조치(행동)를 취하는 것 | |
A27 | 최적의 의료를 제공하기 위해 상담/협업에 참여하는 것 | |
전문성 | C2 | 모든 개인의 고유한 존엄성, 가치와 인권을 존중하는 것 |
P4 | 개인의 안녕에 대한 책임을 갖는 것 | |
P5 | 동료평가(동료 간 모니터링)에 참여하는 것 | |
P6 | 실무지침의 표준을 수립하는 것 | |
P7 | 학생들을 위해 계획된 학습활동이 이루어지는 곳에서 표준을 유지하고 증진하는 것 | |
제거된 문항 | P1 | 지속적으로 자기평가에 참여하는 것 |
P8 | 실무 환경 개선을 위한 조치를 주도하는 것 | |
P9 | 지속적 역량을 유지하고 지식과 기술을 업데이트 하기 위한 추가적인(보충) 교육을 탐구하는 것 | |
A10 | 건강 관련 활동에 적극적으로 참여함으로 전문직을 향상시키는 것 | |
A17 | 간호 연구에 참여하거나 적절한 연구결과를 실무에 구현하는 것 | |
C20 | 문제가 되거나 부적절한 관행을 보이는 의료진에 이의를 제기하는 것 | |
P28 | 전문인으로서 업무범위를 인정하는 것 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation (range). GPA, grade point average.
SD, standard deviation; A, activism; C, caring; P, professionalism.
KMO=.92, Bartlett’s test of sphericity: A, activism; C, caring; KMO, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin; P, professionalism. Moving from ‘caring’ factor to ‘professionalism’ factor.
AVE, average variance extracted; CR, construct reliability; SE, standard error; A, activism; C, caring; P, professionalism. Moving from ‘caring’ factor to ‘professionalism’ factor.
Values are presented as r (
A, activism; C, caring; P, professionalism.