The purpose of this study were to describe 12 years of patient-related oncology nursing research in Korea, identifying various nursing interventions, and assessing the effectiveness of the interventions, through analysis and synthesis of the accumulated research papers. One hundred and seventy-nine studies were selected fro this study and these were mostly descriptive in design(69.2%). Of the 179 studies, 25 met the criteria for meta-analytic treatment. Twenty-five experimental studies were found in theses and dissertations(68%), 92% used convenience sample, and the median sample size was 40. Subjects were predominantly in treatment and rehabilitation(76%). Most studies(68%) were not derived from a theory base, with only 8% reporting use of a nursing theory. Results of the meta-analysis are as follows. The effect size of the nursing intervention type was found to be significantly effective. The standardized mean difference ranged from a high positive of 2.55 to a low negative of -0.22. Direct personal nursing intervention method was more effective than indirect group method. Two nursing intervention methods were more effective than one. The greatest effect size was thyxical intervention. The greatest mean effect size was scalp hypothermia technique. Teaching was a frequent intervention after 1990, although a wide range of treatments were studied. Effect size of intervention for symptom management was largest in relieving pain Effective intervention method for relieving anxiety was exercise.

The Purpose of this study was to study what effect providing the patient with preparatory concrete information had on the state anxiety depending on coping styles of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. State Anxiety scores for 32 patients who had cardiac catheterization were examined after information was provided about the test using and audio tape. The state anxiety of patients who had a high trait anxiety level was compared to that of those who had a low trait anxiety level. The state anxiety of those who had a monitor type were compared to those of patients who had blunter type. The Trait and State Anxiety Scale of Spielberger Miller's Behavioral Style Scale, and Krantz's Health Opinion Survey and Visual Analog Scale(I, II) were used. Findings were as follows : 1. Among the demographic characteristics, gender difference of the patients was significantly different for the trait anxiety level. Female patients had higher trait anxiety level than male patients. 2. Analysis of state anxiety scores indicated that the mean score of the state anxiety prior to the test was higher than mean score of the state anxiety examined after the test. The difference was statistically significant. 3. Among the patients, 14 patients (43.7%) used monitor type, while 18 patients(56.3%) used blunter type. The means of preference for information measured on the Krantz' subscale was 2. 45. 4. The study results indicate that the state anxiety level of those who a low trait anxiety level was lower than that of those who had a high trait anxiety level. 5. State anxiety levels depending upon the kind of coping style which patients used during the test were not significantly different. This study did not identify the influence of preparatory concrete information on the state anxiety depending on coping styles, and there fore a quasi-experimental study using a large sample according to different types of information, and the amount of information, coping styles is recommended.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of regular exercise during dexamethasone injection on the body weight, weight of hindlimb muscles and adrenal gland in young rats. 80-100g Wistar rats were divided into control, exercise, dexamethasone injection(dexa), and exercise during dexamethasone injection(D+E) group. The dexa group received daily subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight for 10 days. The exercise group ran on a treadmill for 60min/ day(20 minutes every 4 hour at 10m/ min and a 10degrees grade. The control group received daily subcutaneous injection of normal saline at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight for 10 days. The D+E group ran on a treadmill for 60min/day(20 minutes every 4hour) at 10m/min and a 10degrees grade. Body weight of both control and exercise group increased significantly until 10 days, the of both dexa and D+E group decreased significantly, resulting in 79.47 and 78.75% decrease respectively compared to the first day of experiment. Body weight and muscle weight of the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius decreased significantly with dexamethasone injection. Relative weight of the dexa group decreased significantly compared to that of the control group. Body weight and muscle weight of the soleus and plantaris of the D+E group showed a tendency to increase, and muscle weight of the gastrocnemius increased significantly compared to the dexa group. The Relative weight of the plantaris was comparable to the control group and that of the soleus and gastrocnemius tended to increase, in the exercise group. Body weight and muscle weight of the soleus and plantaris of the D+E group showed a tendency to increase, and muscle weight of the gastrocnemius increased significantly compared to the dexa group, The Relative weight of the soleus and gastrocnemius tended to increased and that of the plantaris of the D+E group increased significantly compared to the dexa group. Body weight, muscle weight and relative weight of the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius of the D+E group increased significantly compared to the dexa group Adrenal gland weight of the dexa and D+E group tended to increase, and that of the exercise group increased significantly. From these results. it can be suggested that regular exercise during dexamethasone injection might attenuate the decrease of body weight and hindllimb muscle weight induced by the dexamethasone injection.

An acute pain is the common experience following surgery. Pain is a most miserable experience in person and most preoperative patients have fear of postoperative pain. In nursing, it is very important to understand and relieve the pain between group of Patient Controlled Analgesia and group of traditional Muscular Injection in surgical patients. This information can be utilized as data of understanding nursing care and treatment planning for pain in surgical patients. The subjects in this study were 45 post-hysterectomy patients in Gynecology ward in C.N.U.H., in Taejon. Data was collected from May 12 to June 27,1996. The instruments used for this study were subjective Visual Analog Scale, Objective nonverbal pain scale composed of Facial Appearance, Vocal Sound Change. and Sweating score, and the Melzack's Mcgill pain Questionnaire, nine Items of Developmental pain Intensity Scale by Lee Eun Ok. Analysis of data was done by using S.P.S.S. percentage, t-test, x2-test, ANOVA, and Repeated measure ANOVA. Results were obtained as follows. 1. Hypothesis 1 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in subjective self-report pain score(Visual Analog Scale) between PCA Group and IM Group(P=0.0001). 2. Hypothesis 2 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in muscle strength score(Visual Analog Scale) between PCA Group and IM group(P=0.0001). 3. Hypothesis 3 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in facial appearance score between PCA Group and IM group(P=0.0001). 4. Hypothesis 4 : There was very highly statistically significance difference in vocal sound change score between PCA Group and IM group(P=0.0001). 5. Hypothesis 5 : There was no statistically significant difference sweating scores between PCA group and IM group(F=2.50, P=.1220). But, post-operation time of 12, 24 was statistically difference between two groups(P=0.0001) So, it was partially supported. 6. Hypothesis 6 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in vocabulary pain score between PCA Group IM group. 7. Hypothesis 7 : There was very highly statistically significant difference in amounts of total analgesic between PCA Group and IM group. There was very highly statistically significant difference in Visual Analog Pain Score, Facial Appearance Score, amounts of total analgesic between PCA group and IM group. So, It is verified to asses of postoperative pain with, VAS, Checklist of facial appearance, vocal sound change, and sweating, and Vocabulary Scale.

The study was to examine the relationships among health promoting lifestyle, level of anxiety, and perceived health status and to reveal those variables affecting health promoting lifestyle in Korean immigrants in the United States. The subjects were 425 adults chosen from Korean religious and social organizations located in New York from April 25th through July 5th, 1996. Data analyses were conducted by using pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows : Health promoting lifestyle was significantly different according to age, religion, occupation, and the length of residence in the US. Those insured and those with no chronic conditions revealed a significantly higher score in health promoting lifestyle. Significant differences in the level of anxiety were found according to education, marital status, occupation, family income, and the length of residence. Those with no chronic conditions experienced a significantly lower level of anxiety. In the subscales of the health promoting lifestyle profile, self-actualization and interpersonal relationship revealed higher scores, whereas the scores of stress management, health responsibility, and exercise were lower. Those subjects whose perceived health status was very good, showed the lowest level of anxiety and the highest score on the health promoting lifestyle profile. Negative correlations were observed between the health promoting lifestyle profile and the level of anxiety, and between the perceived health status and the level of anxiety. Health promoting lifestyle was significantly predicted by the level of anxiety(22.0%), age(2.0%), health insurance(1.1%), respectively.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the effects of integrated stress management program on the stress symptoms of psychophysiological patients, especially patients with peptic ulcer. The study employed a quasi -experimental design using two different experiential groups. The samples in the integrated stress management program participated in autogenic training with biofeedback, discussions on effective coping method, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional management. They were also provided with an educational booklet on stress management and an tape on progressive muscle relaxation. Exch session lasted one hour and the program consisted of seven sessions over four weeks. The other group was only given an tape on progressive muscle relaxation. The data were collected from May 20 to september 25, 1996 A total 47 patients from ore university hospital located in Seoul participated, experiment group 1 (integrated stress management training) had 23 subjects and experiment group 2(progressive muscle relaxation training) had 24 subjects. The effects of these programs were measured by the stress symptom scale developed by Kogan(1991) which was translated by Lee(1892) and the healing status of the ulcer evaluated by a physician The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, repeated measure ANOVA. The result are as follows : 1. The integrated stress management group reported a significantly lower stress symptom score than the group given the progressive muscle relaxation only. 2. The integrated stress management group showed a significantly improved ulcer status as compared to the group given a progressive muscle relaxation only. In conclusion, it was found that the integrated stress management program was more effective in decreasing self-reported stress and physiological symptoms among patients with peptic ulcer as compared to the progressive muscle relaxation group. Based on this finding, the following suggestions can be made. 1. It is necessary to broaden the scope of nursing Practice for psychophysiological patients so nurses can include stress management as part of Patient care. 2. It is necessary to develop stress management Program for other patients whose symptoms are know to be related to stress. 3. It is necessary to replicated this study with a larger sample in different settings.