Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Paper

Types of Perception Toward Quarantine Measures among Patients Infected with COVID-19: Kim, Geun Myun , Lee, Jung Un , Jung, Hae Kyung , Nam, Soo Gyung , Sim, So Hyeong , Chang, Soo Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(6):661-677. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21141

Purpose
This study was conducted to identify the types of perception toward quarantine measures at hospitals or community treatment centers among patients infected with COVID-19.
Methods
This study applied Q-methodology. Two hundred and nineteen Q populations were constructed based on related literature and in-depth interviews with 5 adults infected with COVID-19 and who experienced quarantine and hospitalization. Interviews were performed from November 14 to 29, 2020. A total of 45 Q samples were extracted and Q sorting was performed using a 9-point scale for 30 adult subjects who experienced quarantine at hospitals and community treatment centers. The data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program.
Results
The perception of subjects toward quarantine measures was classified into the following six types: ‘passive acceptance’, ‘social stigma perception’, ‘appreciation of daily life through awareness of the realities of illness’, ‘why me?’, ‘fearful perception’, and ‘positive meaning’.
Conclusion
The perception of quarantine measure among patients with COVID-19 is identified as six types with positive and negative emotional characteristics. This result will contribute to the development of individualized strategies to address psychosocial health problems among patients with infectious diseases.

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Isolation and Recovery Experiences of COVID-19 Patients in South Korea: A Qualitative Study
Soo Jung Chang, Geun Myun Kim, So Hyeong Sim, Jeong Ah Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(3): 212. CrossRef
Perceptions of Healthcare Safety Nets among Tertiary Hospital and Long-Term Care Hospital Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Q-Methodological Approach
Bom-Mi Park, Mi Young Chon, Hyun-Jung Lee
Healthcare.2023; 11(20): 2732. CrossRef

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Review Paper

Effect of 2% Chlorhexidine Bathing on the Incidence of Hospital-Acquired Infection and Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Seo, Jisu , Song, Rhayun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(4):414-429. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21046

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed the effects of 2% chlorhexidine bathing on the incidence of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in adult intensive care units.
Methods
PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane library, and RISS database were systematically searched, and 12 randomized studies were included in the analysis. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3.0 was used to calculate the effect size using the odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analysis was performed according to the specific infection and intervention types.
Results
In general, 2% chlorhexidine bathing has a significant effect on the incidence of HAI (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40~0.86) and MDRO (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.34~0.79). Subgroup analyses show 2% chlorhexidine bathing is effective in bloodstream infections (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.39~0.66) but not for urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia infections, and Clostridium difficile infections. Moreover, 2% chlorhexidine bathing alone or its combination with other interventions has a significant effect on the incidence of HAI and MDRO (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38~0.92).
Conclusion
This meta-analysis reveals that 2% chlorhexidine bathing significantly reduces the incidence of HAI and MDRO in intensive care units. The effect of 2% chlorhexidine bathing on pediatric patients or patients at general wards should be further assessed as a cost-effective intervention for infection control.

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Implementation of 2% Chlorhexidine Bathing to Reduce Healthcare-Associated Infections Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Hsu-Liang Chang, Tzu-Ying Liu, Po-Shou Huang, Chin-Hwan Chen, Chia-Wen Yen, Hui-Zhu Chen, Shin-Huei Kuo, Tun-Chieh Chen, Shang-Yi Lin, Po-Liang Lu
Microorganisms.2025; 13(1): 65. CrossRef
Trends in central line-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric intensive care units: a single-center study
Yu Gyoung Bak, Won Kyoung Jhang
Archives of Pediatric Critical Care.2024; 2(2): 96. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Antibiotic Resistance Trends and Treatment Options for Hospital-Acquired Multidrug-Resistant Infections
Walter Y Agyeman, Aakash Bisht, Ankit Gopinath, Ameer Haider Cheema, Keyur Chaludiya, Maham Khalid, Marcellina Nwosu, Srujana Konka, Safeera Khan
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Paper

Impact of Obesity on Urinary Tract Infections in Korean Adults: Secondary Data Analysis Using Community-Based Cohort Study: Seo, Seung Hee , Jeong, Ihn Sook , Lee, Eun Joo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(2):150-161. Published online April 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20228

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study investigated the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in community-dwelling adults and identified the association between obesity and UTI.
Methods
The participants were 4,926 adults aged over 40 years who had no UTIs at the baseline survey of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. Obesity was defined according to the cirtieria of Korean Society for the Study of Obesity using body mass index (BMI) data. UTI was defined as those who had self-reported UTI or had either nitrite, or both leukocytes and blood in the urine dipstick test. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to identify the association between the obesity and UTI.
Results
The incidence proportion of UTI was 5.1%, and the incidence density per 1,000 person-years was 25.5. After controlling general characteristics, people with BMI ≥30.0 kg/m² remained 1.66 times (HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.06~2.60; p < .05) more likely to have UTI than those with normal weight. This trend was also present in men or people aged ≥ 60 years. Among women aged ≥ 60 years, people with BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m² were 1.98 times (HR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.01~3.86; p < .05) more likely to have UTI than those with normal weight.
Conclusion
The BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m² is a risk factor of UTIs in Korean adult men over 40 years and women aged ≥ 60 years. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of obesity management to men or women aged ≥ 60 years, specifically.

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Letter to the editor: “Microbiology and risk factors for bacteremic urinary tract infection: insights from the largest urological center in Pakistan”
Syeda Samia Fatima, Kainat Mehmood, Areeba Abid, Hiba Abid
International Urology and Nephrology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiology of urinary tract infection among community-living seniors aged 50 plus: Population estimates and risk factors
Betsy Foxman, Marie Bangura, Neil Kamdar, Daniel M. Morgan
Annals of Epidemiology.2025; 104: 21. CrossRef
Summer temperature and emergency room visits due to urinary tract infection in South Korea: a national time-stratified case-crossover study
Jiwoo Park, Whanhee Lee, Dukhee Kang, Jieun Min, Hyemin Jang, Cinoo Kang, Dohoon Kwon, Youngrin Kwag, Eunhee Ha
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Predictors of Blood and Body Fluid Exposure and Mediating Effects of Infection Prevention Behavior in Shift-Working Nurses: Application of Analysis Method for Zero-Inflated Count Data: Ryu, Jae Geum , Smi, Choi-Kwon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(5):658-670. Published online October 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20025

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the predictors of blood and body fluid exposure (BBFE) in multifaceted individual (sleep disturbance and fatigue), occupational (occupational stress), and organizational (hospital safety climate) factors, as well as infection prevention behavior. We also aimed to test the mediating effect of infection prevention behavior in relation to multifaceted factors and the frequency of BBFE.
Methods
This study was based on a secondary data analysis, using data of 246 nurses from the Shift Work Nurses’ Health and Turnover study. Based on the characteristics of zero-inflated and over-dispersed count data of frequencies of BBFE, the data were analyzed to calculate zero-inflated negative binomial regression within a generalized linear model and to test the mediating effect using SPSS 25.0, Stata 14.1, and PROCESS macro.
Results
We found that the frequency of BBFE increased in subjects with disturbed sleep (IRR = 1.87, p = .049), and the probability of non-BBFE increased in subjects showing higher infection prevention behavior (IRR = 15.05, p = .006) and a hospital safety climate (IRR = 28.46, p = .018). We also found that infection prevention behavior had mediating effects on the occupational stress-BBFE and hospital safety climate-BBFE relationships.
Conclusion
Sleep disturbance is an important risk factor related to frequency of BBFE, whereas preventive factors are infection prevention behavior and hospital safety climate. We suggest individual and systemic efforts to improve sleep, occupational stress, and hospital safety climate to prevent BBFE occurrence.

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Development of an infection control competency scale for clinical nurses: an instrument design study
Yong Hwan Hyeon, Kyoung Ja Moon
BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Work Characteristics and Needlestick-Injury Status of Dental Hygienists
Yeon-Soon Park, Jeong-Hyun Lee, Jin-Soo Kim, Kyoung-Ok Yun, Sung-Suk Bae
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2024; 24(3): 190. CrossRef
Smartphone‐based home workout program for shift‐work nurses working during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Yunmi Baek, Kihye Han, Jieun Kim, Hae Young Yoo
Nursing & Health Sciences.2022; 24(3): 708. CrossRef
Mediating Effects of Role Clarity between Clinical Decision-Making Abilities and Job Stress for Advanced Practice Nurses at Tertiary Hospitals
Min Young Kim, Jeong Hye Kim, Su Jung Choi
Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2022; 15(2): 27. CrossRef

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The Incidences of Catheter Colonization and Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection According to Tegaderm vs. Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG)-Tegaderm Dressing: Kim, Eunji , Lee, Haejung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):541-553. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19215

Abstract PDF

Purpose
In spite of the recent application of a general infection control method, central line-associated infections is still relatively high in Korea. Central line bundle with Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) tegaderm dressing was reported to be effective in reducing catheter colonization and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). Therefore, this study aimed to examine the incidences of catheter colonization occurrence and CLABSI while using Tegaderm vs. CHG Tegaderm dressings.
Methods
We used a descriptive design. 400 patients who had central venous catheters were selected from four hospitals in the Korean National Healthcare-associated Infections Surveillance System. Of all subjects, 200 used Tegaderm ^TM (Tegaderm group), and the remaining 200 used CHG Tegaderm (CHG Tegaderm group) dressing at the catheter insertion site. Data were analyzed using the c 2 test or Fisher’s exact test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS WIN 21.0.
Results
In the Tegaderm and CHG Tegaderm groups, CLABSI incidences were 5.89 and 1.79 per 1,000 catheter-days, catheter colonization incidences were 3.93 and 1.43 per 1,000 catheter-days, and central line bundle compliance rates were 26.0% and 49.0%, respectively. Catheter colonization risk factors were ‘reinsertion after failure’ and ‘Tegaderm dressing’ at the central line insertion site. CLABSI risk factors were ‘incomplete performance of 7 central line bundle items’ and ‘Tegaderm dressing’ at the central line insertion site.
Conclusion
A further prospective study is needed to examine the effects of central line bundle with CHG Tegaderm dressing, avoiding central line reinsertion after failure, and improving the bundle compliance in reducing catheter colonization and CLABSI.

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Effects of organizational and individual factors on nurses’ practice of central line-associated bloodstream infection prevention
Min Hee Kim, Jeong Sil Choi
American Journal of Infection Control.2024; 52(4): 443. CrossRef
Nurse-led intervention to improve oral mucosal health of intubated patients in the intensive care unit: A prospective study
Ching-Ching Lin, Jen-Jiuan Liaw, Chung-Hsing Li, Li-Chin Chen, Chin-Yen Han
American Journal of Infection Control.2024; 52(8): 900. CrossRef
Evidence-based care combined with chlorhexidine gluconate antimicrobial dressing in the prevention of peritoneal dialysis catheter-associated infections
Zuping Wang, Zhang Lin, Fayiza Aikelamu, Gulixian Tuerhong
Materials Express.2024; 14(3): 491. CrossRef
Risk Factors and Prevention of Central Venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in Intensive Care Unit
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Advances in Clinical Medicine.2022; 12(04): 3487. CrossRef

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A Study on Clinical Nurses Level of Perception of Importance, Performance and Satisfaction in the control of Nosocomial Infection: Sun Ock Kim, Soo Hyun Cho; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):765-776. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.765

Abstract PDF: Hospitals accomodate patients who have a high risk of infection due to reduced immunity as well as people who require surgical, medical or other treatments. Consequently, the role of clinical nurses, who come into close contact with these patients is very important in the control of nosocomial infection. This study was done to investigate and compare the level of perception of the importance of the control of nosocomial infections as well as the level of actual performance, and the level of satisfaction with the control of nosocomial by the clinical nurses. Thus, the purpose of this study is to contribute basic data for improving policies and educational programs to control nosocmial infection. A summary of the survey results is as follows. 1) The means of scores on all categories of the inquiry were 4.51 for awareness 4.42 for actual performance, and 3.20 for satisfaction, of a possible high score of 5.00. 2) Correlations of the level of perception of importance between characteristics of nurses and hospital control of nosocomial infection differed significantly according to the type of hospital establishment type(p=.005), age(p=.000), career(p=.000), position(p=.002), and regular conferences on infection control in working departments(p=.003). Correlation of the level of actual performance between characteristics of nurses and hospital control of nosocomial infection differed significantly according to type of hospital(p=.000), hospital size(p=.009), working department(p=.000), age(p=.000), career(p=.000), school career(p=.040), position(p=.000), education experience on nosocomial infection(p=.020), and regular conferences on infection control in working department (p=.000). Correlation of degree of satisfaction between characteristics of nurses and hospital control of nosocomial infection also differed significantly according the type of hospital establishment(p=.003), working department(p=.000), age(p=.000), and regular conferences on infection control in working department(p=.000). 3) Correlation between clinical nurses, level of perception of importance and actual level of performance for the control of nosocomial infection was relatively positive(r=.57, p=.000). Correlation between clinical nurses degree of satisfaction and level of actual performance for control of nosocomial infection was relatively positive(r=.47, p=.000). Correlation between clinical nurses, level of perception of importance and degree of satisfaction degree with the control of nosocomial infection was also relatively positive (r=.27, p=.000).

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A Survey on the Performance of Surgical Hand Scrubs: Hae Sang Yoon; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(3):591-604. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.3.591

Abstract PDF

The surgical hand scrub(SHS) is the single most important procedure in the prevention of postoperative wound infections and yet it remains the most violated of all infection control procedures. The purpose of this study was to gain an overview of SHS habits in operative theatre personnel and to determine knowledge and attitudes to identify whether there is a need for improvement. The subjects for this study included 79 doctors and 94 nurses working in the operative theatres of four hospitals in Incheon City and Kyungki Province. Related data were collected from July 25 to August 10, 1995 by the author. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-squre test. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Nurses felt that they conducted SHS for a longer period of time than doctors did(X=20.1, P= .005). 2. Nurses and doctors had some knowledge of slipping rings off fingers and the length of nails, but they lacked knowledge on the duration of SHS, handwashing after an operation and on manicure. 3. There were many reasons given for insufficient SHS included: 1) because they were so busy (38%). 2) brushes were too harsh(19.7%). 3) operations were very simple(18.7%). 4) surgical latex gloves provide functional barrier(11.6%). 5) SHSs were troublesome(7.4%) 6) there were no clocks near the sinks(2.5%) and 7) the operative patients were administered antibiotics after operartion(2.1%). 4. Most of nurses and doctors considered SHS to be important in prevention against post operative infections. 5. Nurses were found to do a thorough SHS, but residents were found to neglect SHS. 6. Considering prevention against postoperative infections, most nurses and doctors considered aseptic techniques, environment-sanitary management and SHS more important than the use of antibiotics, the resistance of patients or the method of operation. 7. Half of the nurses and doctors(54.3%) considered surgical latex gloves to function well as a barrier. 8. Half of the nurses(56.4%) and doctors(51.9%) learned SHS as part of the curriculum in their school education and the rest (nurses: 95.7%, doctors: 74.7%) learned SHS as part of their In Service Education. In conclusion, these findings suggest a need to develop an educational program on surgical hand scrub and hospital infection control for surgical personnels, to install clocks near the hand scrub sinks, to consider a violation report for negligent surgical hand scrubs, and to develop a soft brush for hand scrubs in order to increase performance of the surgical hand scrub.

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Status of and Factors Influencing Vaccination against the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus among University Students from the Fields of Nursing and Allied Health
Og Son Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(3): 403. CrossRef

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The Effects of the Rountine Meatal Care with 10% Betadine on the Reduction of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection: Phil Whan Kim, Yeong Kyeong Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(3):614-624. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.3.614

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of routine meatal care on the reduction of catheter-associated urinary tract infection(UTI). The study was carried out on 30 patients with foley catheters in an intensive care unit of a general hospital from September 30 to April 1, 1998, Participants were both male and female. Data were collected from each patients by urinary specimen obtained with aseptic collection technique at the 3rd and the 7th day of the experiment, after giving daily meatal care with 10% betadine for periods ranging from 1st to 7th day to the experimental group but not to the control group. The results are as follows: 1. The rate of urinary tract infection within the experimental group was 0.0%, at the 3rd day of the experiment and 20.0% at the 7th day, but that of the control group was 20.0%at the 3rd day and 7% at the 7th day. There was a significant difference in urinary tract infection rate between the two groups at the 3rd day but no significant difference at the 7th day. 2. In the control group, the rate of UTI was 0.7% for male and 13.3% for female at the 3rd day, and 6.7% for male and 40% for female at the 7th day. In the experimental group, the rate of UTI was 6.7% for male and 0.0%for female at the 3rd day and 13.3% for male and 20% for female at the 3rd day and 13.3% for male and 20% for female at the 7th day of experiment. There was a no significant difference between male and female. 3. By comparing the rate of UTI to the length of time the urinary catheter was in place, the linger the catheter was in place the more significant was the rate of UTI. 4. Microorganisms isolated in the control group were bacteria for 7 cases and fungus for 3 cases but in the experimental group, only 2 cases of bacteria were isolated.

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Effect of the Exchange of Saline Used in Surgical Procedures on Surgical Site Infection: Ok Yeon Cho, Hae Sang Yoon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(3):467-476. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.3.467

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the exchange of saline used in surgical procedures on surgical site infections.

METHOD

Patients with stomach cancer were assigned to the experimental group or to the control group by random sampling, respectively. The experimental group received an exchange of saline during the operation right after the excision of the stomach in a gastrectomy but the control group did not. Data were collected from the medical charts of 34 patients from Dec. 1, 2002 through May 31, 2003.

RESULT

The surgical site infection rate of the experimental group was 5.9% while surgical site infection rate of the control group was 17.6%. In total, the surgical site infection rate was 11.8%. The experimental group maintained a normal level of WBC on post operative day 3; however, the control group, showed an increase of WBC on post operative day 3.

Conclusion

The exchange of saline used in an operation immediately after the excision of the stomach in a gastrectomy decreases the contamination level of saline used in the operation, and can prevent surgical patients from a surgical site infection.

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Effects of replacing saline solution during surgery for colon cancer in Korea
Eun Mi Ham, Sul Hee Lee
Journal of Surgical Research.2017; 214: 176. CrossRef
The Effect of Glove Changing during Surgery for Colon Cancer
Eunji Park, Eunmi Ham
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(1): 98. CrossRef

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The Effect of Handwashing Improving Program and MRSA Carrier Screening Program on the MRSA Infection Rates in an Intensive Care Unit: Young Hae Kim, Seong Sook Jeon, Ihn Sook Jeong, Chul Hoon Chang, Jeung Hwa Kim, Jeong Ae Huh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(6):686-692. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.6.686

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To assess the effect of handwashing improving program and MRSA carrier detection program on MRSA(methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infection rate in a intensive care unit.

Method

The intervention was Nosocomial Infection(NI) control program consisted of hand washing improving program and identification and treatment of MRSA carrier. Data on the NI and MRSA infections were collected by an infection control nurse based on the definition of CDC. MRSA infection rates were calculated by the number of MRSA infection per 100 admissions or 1,000 patients-days. The difference of MRSA infection rates between pre and post intervention was tested by Chi-square at =.05.

Result

MRSA infection rates 3.0% or 3.2 per 1,000 patient-days at the pre, 4.6% or 3.7 per 1,000 patient-days at the post, and the differences were not statistically significant (p=.411, p=.769 respectively).

Conclusion

The handwashing improving program and MRSA carrier detection program was not effective in reducing the Nosocomial Infection(NI) or MRSA infection rates. It is recommended further studies with a longer intervention and follow-up period.

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Knowledge and Beliefs about Hand Hygiene among Hospital Nurses
Sun Young Jeong, Oksoo Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2013; 22(3): 198. CrossRef
Hospital Nurses' Knowledge and Compliance on Multidrug-resistant Organism Infection Control Guideline
Jiyeon Kang, Jinwan Cho, Yujung Kim, Dong-Hee Kim, Jiyoung Lee, Hey-Kyung Park, Sung-Hee Jung, Eun-Nam Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(2): 186. CrossRef
A Nationwide Survey on the Hand Washing Behavior and Awareness
Jae Sim Jeong, Jun Kil Choi, Ihn Sook Jeong, Kyong Ran Paek, Hye-Kyung In, Ki Dong Park
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2007; 40(3): 197. CrossRef

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Effect of Visiting and a Smartphone Application Based Infection Prevention Education Program for Child Care Teachers: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial: Yun Jeong Yang, In Soo Kwon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(6):744-755. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.6.744

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study was performed to develop an infection prevention education program for child care teachers and to verify its effects.

Methods

The study was conducted using a nonequivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design. Four private daycare centers (2 centers per city) that were alike in terms of the number of children by age, number of child care teachers, and child care environment were chosen. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=20) or control group (n=20). As a part of the program, visiting education (90 min) was provided in the 1st week, and smartphone application education (10 min) was provided thrice a week, in the 2nd and 3rd weeks.

Results

Child care teachers’ self-efficacy for infection prevention revealed a significant interaction effect between the group and time of measurement (F=21.62, p<.001). In terms of infection prevention behavior, a significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups (z=-5.36, p<.001).

Conclusion

The program implemented in this study was effective in improving the infection prevention self-efficacy and infection prevention behavior of child care teachers. Thus, this program may be effective in enhancing their infection control.

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The Structural Equation Model on Resilience of Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: Jeong Ha Yang, Ok Soo Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):327-337. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.327

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model on resilience of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Methods

Participants were 204 patients with breast cancer who received chemotherapy treatment. They participated in a structured interview, which included social support, depression, symptom experience, self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and infection prevention behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 and AMOS 18.0.

Results

Lower depression (γ=-.33, p=.020) and symptom experience (γ=-.31, p=.012) and higher self-efficacy (γ=.32, p=.005) and hope (γ=.48, p=.016) were influenced by higher social support. Greater resilience was influenced by lower symptom experience (β=-.18, p=.016), higher self-efficacy (β=.49, p=.023), and higher hope (β=.46, p=.012), and these predictors explained 66.7% of variance in resilience. Greater resilience (β=.54, p=.009) made an impact on greater infection prevention behaviors. Resilience mediated the relations of symptom experience (β=-.10 p=.013), self-efficacy (β=.27, p=.006) and hope (β=.25, p=.009) with infection prevention behaviors. These predictors explained 24.9% of variance in infection prevention behaviors.

Conclusion

The findings of the study suggest that breast cancer patientsw ith greater resilience who are receiving chemotherapy participate in increased infection prevention behaviors. Further research should be conducted to seek intervention strategies that improve breast cancer patients' resilience.

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Marlen Simancas Fernández, Carla Zapata Rueda, Gonzalo Galván Patrignani, Jose Carlos Celedón Rivero, Juan Hernández Padilla
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Dong Rim Hyun, So Yeun Jun, Chang Wan Jun, Sue Kyung Sohn
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Life Experiences of Korean Patients with Hansen's Disease in Sorok Island Hospital: Ya Ki Yang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(6):639-648. Published online December 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.639

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify life experiences of Korean patients with Hansen's disease (leprosy).

Methods

For this study, 5 participants from Sorok Island Hospital were purposively chosen. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews from June to July 2014. Data analysis method was based on Colaizzi's approach.

Results

The study results showed that experiences of patients with Hansen's disease consisted of 14 themes and six theme clusters: 1) Bad disease approaching as fate; 2) Family breakup and far from the village; 3) New life in Sorok Island Hospital; 4) Treatment of Hansen's disease and disability; 5) Life in the disease community; 6) Comfort and hope of life.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that health care professionals should pay attention to patients with Hansen's disease not only to reduce their physical and psychological suffering, but also to help the community and public culture to reduce the social stigma surrounding this disease and causing suffering for the patients. The results of the present study can help us to have a better understanding of various aspects of patients' lived experiences.

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Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Colonization on Intensive Care Unit Admission: Sook-Jin Byun, Jiyeon Kang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(2):287-295. Published online April 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.2.287

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) colonization rate in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), associated risk factors and clinical outcomes for VRE colonization.

Methods

Of the 7,703 patients admitted to the ICUs between January, 2008 and December, 2010, medical records of 554 VRE colonized and 503 uncolonized patients were reviewed retrospectively. To analyzed the impact of colonization on patients' clinical outcomes, 199 VRE colonized patients were matched with 199 uncolonized patients using a propensity score matching method.

Results

During the study period, 567 (7.2%) of the 7,703 patients were colonized with VRE. Multivariate analysis identified the following independent risk factors for VRE colonization: use of antibiotics (odds ratio [OR]=3.33), having bedsores (OR=2.92), having invasive devices (OR=2.29), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus co-colonization (OR=1.84), and previous hospitalization (OR=1.74). VRE colonized patients were more likely to have infectious diseases than uncolonized patients. VRE colonization was associated with prolonged hospitalization and higher mortality.

Conclusion

Strict infection control program including preemptive isolation for high-risk group may be helpful. Further research needs to be done to investigate the effects of active surveillance program on the incidence of colonization or infection with VRE in the ICU.

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Mikiyas Zike, Abdurahaman Ahmed, Awraris Hailu, Bedru Hussien
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Previous antibiotic therapy as independent risk factor for the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in surgical inpatients. Results from a matched case-control study
Philip MacKenzie, Jacqueline Färber, Marius Post, Torben Esser, Lukas Bechmann, Siegfried Kropf, Roland Croner, Gernot Geginat
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Steady Inflow of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci from Outside a Hospital
Hye-sun An, Sang-Won Park, Su-hui Ko, Ji Hwan Bang
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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonization in the intensive care unit: Clinical outcomes and attributable costs of hospitalization
Euihan Jung, Sookjin Byun, Hojin Lee, Sang Yi Moon, Hyuck Lee
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Effects of Case-based Small Group Learning about Care of Infected Children for Daycare Center Teachers: Eun Ju Choi, Seon Young Hwang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):771-782. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.771

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to develop and implement a case-based small group learning program on the care of children with infectious disease, and to examine its effects on knowledge, attitude and preventive practice behaviors of daycare center teachers compared to a control group.

Methods

Based on the need assessment, the case-based learning program for the management of infectious children was developed. For this quasi-experimental study, 69 teachers were recruited from 14 child daycare centers in a city located in J province. Thirty four teachers were assigned to experimental group and participated in the case-based small group learning once a week for 5 weeks. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program to perform χ²-test and t-tests. Analysis of covariance was used to treat the covariate of the number of assigned children between experimental and control groups.

Results

The experimental group showed significantly higher posttest scores in knowledge, attitude and preventive practice behaviors than those of control group (p<.001).

Conclusion

These findings indicate that case-based small group learning is an effective educational strategy for daycare center teachers to learn infection management through the emphasis of self-reflection and discussion.

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Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus related Stigma, Shame, and Intent of HPV Test: Hae Won Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(2):217-225. Published online April 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.217

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to examine the factors associated with HPV (Human Papillomavirus) related stigma, shame and intent to have HPV test among adult women.

Methods

Data were collected from December 1, 2009 to January 31, 2010, and participants were 324 women who visited an obstetric gynecologic clinic. They anticipated testing positive for HPV. Then HPV related stigma, shame, intent to have HPV testing and HPV knowledge were measured. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and multivariate adjusted logistic regression were used for data analysis.

Results

The levels of stigma and shame were higher than average. Intent to have HPV test was high and HPV knowledge was low. Women who answered that HPV is not sexually transmitted had lower HPV stigma than did women who answered they didn't know (OR=0.20, 95%CI 0.06-0.68). Women with lower stigma showed lower intent to have HPV test than women with higher stigma (OR=0.46, 95%CI 0.26-0.82).

Conclusion

Basic HPV information should be fully understood for women especially prior to HPV test. Normalizing HPV stigma is necessary for women who perceive HPV as sexually transmitted and women intending to have HPV test.

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Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions associated with HPV vaccination among female Korean and Chinese university students
Hae Won Kim, Eun Ju Lee, Young Jin Lee, Seo Yun Kim, You Jing Jin, Youngji Kim, Jung Lim Lee
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Da Bit Lee, Hae Won Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 434. CrossRef
Factors involved in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy among women in the South-East Asian Region (SEAR) and Western Pacific Region (WPR): A scoping review
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Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2018; 14(1): 124. CrossRef
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Ventilator-associated Pneumonia with Circuit Changes Every 7 Days versus Every 14 Days: Jeong-Sil Choi, Jeong-haw Yeon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(6):799-807. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.6.799

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To determine whether the practice of not routinely changing ventilator circuits in patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Methods

Patients were divided into two groups, ventilator circuits were routinely changed every 7 days for the control group (39) and every 14 days for the experimental group (40) over a period of 1 yr (April 1, 2009-March 31, 2010). Pediatric patients (age 17 yr or less) were not included. VAP was diagnosed by the criteria of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Incidence of VAP and characteristics of infection were evaluated.

Results

In the experimental group, 2 episodes of pneumonia were observed in 40 patients and 1,322 ventilator days. The rate of VAP was 1.5 per 1,000 ventilator days. There was 1 episode of pneumonia in 39 patients and 481 ventilator days for the control group. The rate of VAP was 2.1 per 1,000 ventilator days. The difference between both groups was not significant (p=.695).

Conclusion

Extending ventilator circuit change interval from 7 days to 14 days does not increase the risk for VAP.

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Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy: Kyeong-Sook Cha, Ok-Hee Cho, So-Yeon Yoo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(2):298-305. Published online April 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.2.298

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) after craniotomy.

Methods

This study was a retrospective case-control study of 103 patients who had craniotomies between March 2007 and December 2008. A retrospective review of prospectively collected databases of consecutive patients who underwent craniotomy was done. SSIs were defined by using the Centers for Disease Control criteria. Twenty-six cases (infection) and 77 controls (no infection) were matched for age, gender and time of surgery. Descriptive analysis, t-test, χ²-test and logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis.

Results

The statistical difference between cases and controls was significant for hospital length of stay (>14 days), intensive care unit stay more than 15 days, Glasgrow Coma Scale (GCS) score (≤7 days), extra-ventricular drainage and coexistent infection. Risk factors were identified by logistic regression and included hospital length of stay of more than 14 days (odds ratio [OR]=23.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.53-216.11) and GCS score (≤7 scores) (OR=4.71, 95% CI=1.64-13.50).

Conclusion

The results of this study show that patients are at high risk for infection when they have a low level of consciousness or their length hospital stay is long term. Nurses have to take an active and continuous approach to infection control to help with patients having these risk factors.

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Francesco Magni, Aws Al-Omari, Robert Vardanyan, Arian A. Rad, Susan Honeyman, Alexandros Boukas
American Journal of Infection Control.2024; 52(6): 650. CrossRef
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Zhiwei Gu, Chuanjian Tu, Dagang Song, Zhihao Yang, Jiajie Xia
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Chenyan Fang, Tao Zhu, Ping Zhang, Liang Xia, Caixing Sun
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José D. Charry, Fabio Antonio García, Natalia Johana Ortega, Johanna Osorio
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Neurocirugía.2012; 23(2): 54. CrossRef

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Application and Evaluation of a Web-based Education Program on Blood-borne Infection Control for Nurses: Jeong Sil Choi, Keum Soon Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(2):298-309. Published online April 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.2.298

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To develop a web-based program on blood-borne infection control and to examine the effect of the newly developed program on perceived threat of diseases, knowledge, preventive health behaviors for blood-borne infections, and incidence rates of accidental needle sticks and other sharp object injuries in nurses.

Methods

The program was developed through the processes of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research design involved a nonequivalent control group for pretest and posttest experiments. The setting was a 745-bed general hospital located in Korea.

Results

The program was designed and developed after consulting previous studies. After development of the program was completed, it was evaluated and revised by a panel of experts. The total score for perceived threat of diseases, knowledge, preventive health behaviors in the experimental group was significantly higher compared to the control group (p<.05). The incidence rates for needle sticks and other sharp object injuries in the experimental group were significantly lower compared to the control group (p<.05).

Conclusion

Application of a Web-based, blood-borne infection control program is effective, and can be expanded to other healthcare workers who also have a high risk of blood-borne infections.

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Hospital Nurses' Knowledge and Compliance on Multidrug-resistant Organism Infection Control Guideline: Jiyeon Kang, Jinwan Cho, Yujung Kim, Dong-Hee Kim, Jiyoung Lee, Hey-Kyung Park, Sung-Hee Jung, Eun-Nam Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(2):186-197. Published online April 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.2.186

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to investigate nurses' knowledge of, and compliance with the multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection control guidelines.

Methods

A survey questionnaire was developed based on the institutional and national guidelines and was administered to a convenience sample of 306 nurses in a university hospital.

Results

The mean score for knowledge was 33.87 (percentage of correct answers: 82.61%). The percentages of correct answers for basic concepts, route of transmission, hand washing/protective devices and environment management were 74.27%, 94.29%, 92.90% and 75.54% respectively. The mean compliance score was 4.15 (range: 1-5). The compliance scores for education, communication, contact precaution, disinfection, surveillance culture, and hand washing were 3.29, 4.05, 4.20, 4.50, 4.40 and 4.48 respectively. Nurses indicated "lack of time (30.06%)", "lack of means (10.78%)" and "lack of knowledge (9.48%)" as reasons for noncompliance.

Conclusion

While most educational programs have focused on hand washing or use of protective devices to prevent transmission of MDRO in acute care settings, hospital nurses' knowledge of the basic concepts of MDRO and environmental management has remained insufficient. Nurses are relatively non-compliant to the guidelines in the areas of education (staff, patient, family) and communication. Comprehensive educational programs are needed to decrease hospital infection rates and to improve the health of patients.

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Knowledge and Compliance Level of the Multidrug-resistant Organisms of Nursing Students
Kyung-Mi Kim, Og-Son Kim, Mi-Yang Jeon
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2012; 14(1): 8. CrossRef
Status of and Factors Influencing Vaccination against the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus among University Students from the Fields of Nursing and Allied Health
Og Son Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(3): 403. CrossRef

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Risk Factors for Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection in the Intensive Care Unit with a Positive Urine Culture and Foley Catheterization: Seong Mi Yu, Kyung Yeon Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(7):1149-1158. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.7.1149

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for a nosocomial urinary tract infection in intensive care units with a foley catheterization which showed a positive urine culture.

Method

Three-hundred eighty-seven patients were included in the study. A retrospective review of the electrical medical record system's databases and medical record sheets in hospitalized patients from January 2003 to December 2003 was used. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.

Result

The frequency of the participants' nosocomial urinary tract infection was 72.9%. Significant risk factors for a nosocomial urinary tract infection were ‘age’, ‘place of catheter insertion’, ‘frequency of catheter change’, and ‘duration of catheterization’. These variables explained 18.4% of variance in the experience of nosocomial urinary tract infection in intensive care units with foley catheterization.

Conclusion

Medical personnel can decrease the incidence of a nosocomial urinary tract infection by recognizing and paying attention to the duration of catheterization, frequency of catheter change, and place of catheter insertion. As a result, specific and scrupulous strategies should be developed to reflect these factors for decreasing nosocomial urinary tract infections.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Epidemiology and Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections in the Northern Gyeonggi-do Area during 2007-2011
Eunyoung Oh, Hyukmin Lee, Hwan Sub Lim, Younhee Park
Laboratory Medicine Online.2013; 3(1): 34. CrossRef
Effects of perineal care in preventing catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in intensive care units (ICU)
Jeong-Sil Choi, Jeong-Hwa Yeon
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2012; 19(2): 223. CrossRef

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Status of Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infections in the ICU: Molecular Epidemiology of Imipenem Resistant P. aeruginosa: Seong Mi Yu, Seong Sook Jeon, In Soon Kang, Hye Gyung An; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(7):1204-1214. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.7.1204

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This retrospective study was done to evaluate the status of nosocomial urinary tract infections and to determine the risk factors andtransmission route of causal IRPA through molecular epidemiology.

Method

Two hundred ninety-nine of 423 patients admitted to the internal medicine and surgery ICU at a university hospital incity B had a positiveurine culture. Twelve of the 299 patients who had a urinary tract infection had IRPA strains. The data was collected from November 1, 2004 to January 31, 2005. The following results were obtained after the data was analyzed using percentile and UPGMA.

Result

The rate of nosocomial urinary tract infections in the ICU was 10.8%. Therewere 16.8 cases of infection based on the period of hospitalization. There were 16.9 cases of infection based on the use of a foley catheter. The rate of nosocomial urinary tract infection in the ICU and urinary tract infections related to IRPA were higher in patients with the following characteristics: men, old age, admission through the emergency room, longer than seven days admission, severity of admitting causes, disturbance of consciousness, hydration less than 300cc in 24hours, a long course of antibiotics, a long period of foley catheterization and perineal care. Most of the microorganisms that caused the urinary tract infection were gram negative bacilli, among which P. aeruginosa was found in 70 patients (18.5%) and IRPA in 12 (4.0%). Among the 12 IRPA strains that were tested with PFGE, eight showed a dice coefficient higher than 80%, suggesting a genetic relationship. They were related with the period of hospitalization in the same ICU. These patients all received direct care for a urinary tract infection.

Conclusion

Through these results, IRPA can be consideredas a contributing factors to urinary tract infections thus, active preventative measures are needed by the medical staff.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Emergence of NDM-1–producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sequence Type 773 Clone: Shift of Carbapenemase Molecular Epidemiology and Spread of 16S rRNA Methylase Genes in Korea
Yu Jeong Choi, Young Ah Kim, Kim Junglim, Seok Hoon Jeong, Jong Hee Shin, Kyeong Seob Shin, Jeong Hwan Shin, Young Ree Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Young Uh, Nam Hee Ryoo
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2023; 43(2): 196. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy
Kyeong-Sook Cha, Ok-Hee Cho, So-Yeon Yoo
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(2): 298. CrossRef

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