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Original Article
Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus related Stigma, Shame, and Intent of HPV Test
Hae Won Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2012;42(2):217-225.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.217
Published online: April 30, 2012

Professor, Department of Nursing, Kwandong University, Gangreung, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Hae Won. Department of Nursing, Kwandong University, 522 Naegok-dong, Gangreung. Tel: +82-33-649-7613, 010-5434-2143, Fax: +82-33-649-7620, hwkim@kd.ac.kr
• Received: August 8, 2011   • Accepted: April 26, 2012

© 2012 Korean Society of Nursing Science

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  • Purpose
    This study was conducted to examine the factors associated with HPV (Human Papillomavirus) related stigma, shame and intent to have HPV test among adult women.
  • Methods
    Data were collected from December 1, 2009 to January 31, 2010, and participants were 324 women who visited an obstetric gynecologic clinic. They anticipated testing positive for HPV. Then HPV related stigma, shame, intent to have HPV testing and HPV knowledge were measured. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and multivariate adjusted logistic regression were used for data analysis.
  • Results
    The levels of stigma and shame were higher than average. Intent to have HPV test was high and HPV knowledge was low. Women who answered that HPV is not sexually transmitted had lower HPV stigma than did women who answered they didn't know (OR=0.20, 95%CI 0.06-0.68). Women with lower stigma showed lower intent to have HPV test than women with higher stigma (OR=0.46, 95%CI 0.26-0.82).
  • Conclusion
    Basic HPV information should be fully understood for women especially prior to HPV test. Normalizing HPV stigma is necessary for women who perceive HPV as sexually transmitted and women intending to have HPV test.
  • Keywords: Papillomavirus vaccines; Cervix cancer; Sexually transmitted infection; Social stigma; Shame
Table 1
Socio-Demographic & Obstetric Characteristics (N=324)
jkan-42-217-i001.jpg

HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

Table 2
Descriptive Statistics of HPV related Variables (N=324)
jkan-42-217-i002.jpg

HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

Table 3
Differences in HPV related Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV Test by HPV Knowledge
jkan-42-217-i003.jpg

Z: Mann-Whitney U test; χ2: Kruskal Wallis test; HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

Table 4
Differences in HPV related Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV Test by Socio-demographics and Obstetric Characteristics
jkan-42-217-i004.jpg

Z: Mann-Whitney U test; *χ2: Kruskal Wallis test; HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

Table 5
Factors Associated with HPV Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV test; Adjusted Logistic Regression
jkan-42-217-i005.jpg

Ref.=Reference; Adj. OR=Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI=Confidence interval; HPV=Human Papillomavirus; STD=Sexually transmitted disease.

Figure & Data

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        Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus related Stigma, Shame, and Intent of HPV Test
        J Korean Acad Nurs. 2012;42(2):217-225.   Published online April 30, 2012
        DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.217
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      Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus related Stigma, Shame, and Intent of HPV Test
      Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus related Stigma, Shame, and Intent of HPV Test

      Socio-Demographic & Obstetric Characteristics (N=324)

      HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

      Descriptive Statistics of HPV related Variables (N=324)

      HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

      Differences in HPV related Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV Test by HPV Knowledge

      Z: Mann-Whitney U test; χ2: Kruskal Wallis test; HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

      Differences in HPV related Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV Test by Socio-demographics and Obstetric Characteristics

      Z: Mann-Whitney U test; *χ2: Kruskal Wallis test; HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

      Factors Associated with HPV Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV test; Adjusted Logistic Regression

      Ref.=Reference; Adj. OR=Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI=Confidence interval; HPV=Human Papillomavirus; STD=Sexually transmitted disease.
      Table 1 Socio-Demographic & Obstetric Characteristics (N=324)

      HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

      Table 2 Descriptive Statistics of HPV related Variables (N=324)

      HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

      Table 3 Differences in HPV related Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV Test by HPV Knowledge

      Z: Mann-Whitney U test; χ2: Kruskal Wallis test; HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

      Table 4 Differences in HPV related Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV Test by Socio-demographics and Obstetric Characteristics

      Z: Mann-Whitney U test; *χ2: Kruskal Wallis test; HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

      Table 5 Factors Associated with HPV Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV test; Adjusted Logistic Regression

      Ref.=Reference; Adj. OR=Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI=Confidence interval; HPV=Human Papillomavirus; STD=Sexually transmitted disease.

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