Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Job Retention Process among Working People with Mental Illness: A Grounded Theory Approach: Hyun, Myung Sun , Nam, Kyoung A , Kim, Hyunlye , Kim, Su Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(3):320-333. Published online June 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21016

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The study was conducted to explore the experiences of job retention among working people with mental illness.
Methods
The participants were members with mental illness at the S Community Mental Health Center in Gyeonggi Province and who had been working for more than six months. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 11 participants between June 27 and August 20, 2018. The data were analyzed through Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory method.
Results
The core category was struggling to take root in the community as a productive member. The core phenomenon was the desire to be a productive person, and the causal condition was the willingness to change for a purposeful life. The action and interaction strategies included maintaining regular living patterns, maintaining medication, developing one’s tips for self-management, and self-approval. The intervening conditions were difficulties in forming social relationships, presence of symptoms, social resources, and acceptance of one’s mental illness. The consequences were restoration of family relationships, healthy pleasure through work, social inclusion, development of self-worth, and transition to an independent person.
Conclusion
Working people with mental illness are struggling to take root in the community as a productive member. This study suggests that a holistic understanding of the job retention experience among people with mental illness is required. The findings will provide the basis for developing interventions that can improve job retention among working people with mental illness.

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Factors Influencing Re-Employment of Newly Graduated Nurses: Longitudinal Study: Oh, Yun Kyung , Kim, Eun-Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(2):162-172. Published online April 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20158

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the re-employment of newly graduated nurses.
Methods
A longitudinal design was employed. The participants in this online survey study were 138 newly graduated nurses who had left their first jobs. Data were collected from June 2019 to January 2020 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests, Cox’s proportional hazards models with the IBM SPSS ver. 26.0 for Windows program.
Results
About 76.1% of the participants were re-employed within one year of leaving their first jobs and the average period until re-employment was about 14 weeks. Cox’s proportional hazards models revealed that factors affecting re-employment among newly graduated nurses were social support (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01~1.91; p = .042), job search efficacy (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.01~1.77;p = .047), and extrinsic outcome expectation (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.08~1.79; p = .010).
Conclusion
Social support, job search efficacy, and extrinsic outcome expectation can play a significant role in the re-employment of newly graduated nurses. It is necessary to establish strategies to enhance their social support, job search efficacy, and extrinsic outcome expectation in order to increase the re-employment of newly graduated nurses.

Citations

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Turnover Rates and Factors Associated With Turnover: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Retention Period of Clinical Nurses in Korea Using National Data
Yunmi Kim, Hyun-Young Kim
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The Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Readiness for Practice Survey for Nursing Students
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Retention Rates and the Associated Risk Factors of Turnover among Newly Hired Nurses at South Korean Hospitals: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Yunmi Kim, Hyun-Young Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(19): 10013. CrossRef

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Effects of Hospital Characteristics on Employment Rate, Working Period and Retirement of Ward Nurses in Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on HIRAS Data: Seo, Hee-Jung , Kim, Gi Yon , Chang, Sei-Jin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(6):837-847. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20190

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hospital characteristics on employment rate, working period, and retirement of ward nurses in Korea through a retrospective cohort study based on HIRAS data.
Methods
Data were obtained from a report on medical care institutions of Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRAS). Data from 259,941 nurses who were working for a day or more from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, at 2,942 medical care institutions were analyzed. Life table method analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were conducted.
Results
The employment rates of 5 yeas and 10 years for the total sample were 38% and 28%, respectively. The estimated mean value of the working period was 3,642.7 days (SE: 17.4 days). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed that nurses who were working at the general hospital/hospital, clinic, and nursing hospital were more likely to leave the hospital compared to those who were working at the 3rd general hospital. Nurses who were working at the medical institutions which were located in cities and countries, established by the private foundation, rated lower levels of nursing, and owned an insufficient number of beds, nurses and doctors were more likely to leave their workplace compared to those of the counterparts.
Conclusion
This study indicates that hospital characteristics may play a significant role in retirement and working period of ward nurses in Korea. The improvement of hospital conditions to reduce ward nurses’ retirement are needed.

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The Influence of Socio-Cognitive Mindfulness, Job Stress and Social Support on Turnover Intention in General Hospital Nurses
Chun Ha Kim, Mikyoung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(2): 155. CrossRef
Turnover Rates and Factors Associated With Turnover: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Retention Period of Clinical Nurses in Korea Using National Data
Yunmi Kim, Hyun-Young Kim
Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice.2024; 25(2): 83. CrossRef
Role of Organizational Commitment in Mediating Relationship between Professional Autonomy and Retention Intention among Public Hospital Nurses
Maria Choi, Hye Young Cho
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(3): 224. CrossRef
Impact of Retirement Expectation and Retirement Readiness on Retirement Anxiety among Middle-aged Nurses
Eun-Young Kim, Se-Young Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(2): 130. CrossRef
Influence of Nurses’ General and Job-related Characteristics, Nursing Practice Environment, and Grit on the Intent to Stay among Operating Room Nurses
Jeongha Lee, Haejung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(3): 203. CrossRef
Mediating effects of fatigue on the relationship between sleep quality and the quality of life of shift-working nurses
Jeongwon Yeom, Insun Yeom
Chronobiology International.2023; 40(4): 450. CrossRef
Impact of Nursing Organizational Culture and Nursing Practice Environment on Generational Conflict in Organization among Hospital Nurses
Jieun Kwon, Eun-Young Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(1): 45. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Occupational Retention of Nurses in Their 20s and 30s
Eunmi Lee, Yujeong Kim, Haeyoung Lee
Sage Open.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of an Age-Stratified Working Environment and Hospital Characteristics on Nurse Turnover
Yoseb Lee, Jeong Lim Kim, So Hee Kim, Jungmi Chae
Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service Research.2022; 2(1): 106. CrossRef
Retention Rates and the Associated Risk Factors of Turnover among Newly Hired Nurses at South Korean Hospitals: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Yunmi Kim, Hyun-Young Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(19): 10013. CrossRef

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4 Web of Science
10 Crossref

Original Articles

Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study on the Experiences of Employment of Married North Korean Women Defectors Rearing Children: Hyun Mee Cho, Eun Joung Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):39-51. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.39

Abstract PDF: Abstract Purpose:
This study aimed to understand the experiences of married North Korean women’s child-rearing, working lives, and their home and work environment in depth.
Methods:
This study adopted van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenological method to qualitatively analyze data. The participants were 8 married North Korean women defectors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations from July 4 to August 20, 2018.
Results:
Nine essential themes emerged: more personal challenges after overcoming a life-threatening crisis; hopes of firmly settling in this land; the wound from the north, which chased them here; a body that becomes stronger through hardship; being stuck in a past full of anxiety and pain; the present is full of hope; hope for the future; sense of alienation from coworkers that cannot be overcome; and sense of power to endure an exhausting work life.
Conclusion
This study provided a broader understanding of the life and experiences of married women from North Korea. It highlights the need for nurses to recognize their importance in nursing care. The study also suggests that academic and practical approaches for nursing, and basic data for a nursing intervention for married women from North Korea be provided. The study findings can be used as a basis for preparing a national policy that will help North Korean defectors to find employment and gain stability.

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Breastfeeding Initiation and Continuation by Employment Status among Korean Women: Nam Mi Kang, Jung Eun Lee, Yeon Bai, Theo Van Achterberg, Taisun Hyun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(2):306-313. Published online April 15, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.306

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The objective of this study was to examine the factors associated with initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among Korean women in relation to their employment status.

Methods

Data were collected using a web-based self-administered questionnaire from 1,031 Korean mothers living in Seoul with babies younger than 24 months. Demographic characteristics, education on breastfeeding, rooming in, breastfeeding during hospital stay, and breastfeeding knowledge were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with initiation and continuation at 1, 6 and 12 months according to mothers’ employment status.

Results

Breastfeeding initiation rates were similar regardless of mothers’ employment status. Continuation rates decreased for both groups of mothers, but were significantly lower among employed mothers at all duration points. Unemployed mothers who were able to keep their babies in the same room during the hospital stay were more likely to initiate breastfeeding. The factor that was consistently associated with breastfeeding continuation for all duration points among unemployed mothers was whether the mother breastfed during the hospital stay. Higher knowledge scores and having an infant with atopic dermatitis were also associated with breastfeeding continuation at 6 months and 12 months, respectively for unemployed mothers, and receiving education on breastfeeding was associated with 12-month continuation for employed mothers.

Conclusion

These results emphasize the significant roles of hospitals for breastfeeding initiation and continuation, with rooming-in, initial breastfeeding practice and education during hospital stay as important practices. In addition, for working mothers to continue their breastfeeding, significant support from the workplace is crucial.

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The interplay between maternal employment dynamics and trends in breastfeeding practices over the past decade
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Exclusive breastfeeding among Indonesian working mothers: does early initiation of breastfeeding matter?
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The Role of Work as a Social Determinant of Health in Mother’s Own Milk Feeding Decisions for Preterm Infants: A State of the Science Review
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Candice L. Thomas, Lauren D. Murphy, Maura J. Mills, Jing Zhang, Gwenith G. Fisher, Rebecca L. Clancy
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi.2020; 10(3): 468. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2019; 30(1): 90. CrossRef
Positive Effect of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiatives on Improving Mothers' Intention for Successful Breastfeeding in Korea
Hyun Woo Park, Keun Ho Ryu, Yongjun Piao, Peipei Li, Jae Shik Hong, Hee Bum Kim, Hwanwook Chung, Jeong-Kyu Hoh, Yong Joo Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Belief factors associated with breastfeeding intentions of single women: Based on the theory of planned behavior
Min Kyung Jang, Seung-Min Lee, Jin Mo Khil
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(3): 284. CrossRef
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Tuan T Nguyen, Mellissa Withers, Nemat Hajeebhoy, Edward A Frongillo
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Re-employment Experience of Nurses Who Have Left the Profession: Young Soon Byeon, Miyoung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(5):768-778. Published online October 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.5.768

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the re-employment process of inactivated nurses returning to the nursing field and to develop a grounded theory about their re-employment experiences.

Methods

Data was collected through a face-to-face interview and telephone interviews from 10 nurses. The ground theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin (1998) was used for theoretical sampling in accordance with their unemployment period and reason for leaving prior to reemployment; whereas works of data collection and analysis were performed concurrently.

Results

The core category was discovered to be 'identifying a career path by striking a balance between the practical and the ideal'. This series of processes was categorized into five stages: 'trying to get a job again', 'tolerating difficulties as a beginner', 'trying their best to remain a nurse', 'trying to get another job', and 'staying in the profession till the end'.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest an understanding and profound insight on the issue of a nursing shortage.

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Eun-Jin Soun, Jae-Hyeon Eom, Eun-Sook Nam, Young-Ran Chae, Myung-Sook Kil, Eun-Ha Park
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(5): 125. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2011; 17(1): 44. CrossRef

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Predictors of Employment Intention for Mentally Disabled Persons: Sang-Sook Han, Jeong Hye Han, Eun Kyoung Yun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(4):541-549. Published online August 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.4.541

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to determine the predictors of employment intention for mentally disabled persons.

Methods

Mentally disabled persons who had participated in rehabilitation programs in one of 16 mental health centers and 9 community rehabilitation centers located in Seoul and Kyunggi province were recruited for this study. A random sampling method was used and 414 respondents were used for final analysis. Data was analyzed by Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS Win 14.0.

Results

The predictors influencing employment intention of the mentally disabled person were observed as employment desire (β=.48), guardian's expectation (β=.26), professional's support (β=.23), financial management (β=.10), eating habits (β=.07), and quality of life (β=-.01). Six factors explained 61.1% of employment intention of mentally disabled persons.

Conclusion

The employment intention of a mentally disabled person was influenced by employment desire, diet self-efficacy, guardian's expectation, professional's support, quality of life, financial management and eating habits.

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Concept Analysis of Motivation for Vocational Rehabilitation in Persons with Mental Disabilities
Eun-Seon An, Ji-Min Seo
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 279. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Quality of Life in People with Mental Disabilities using Mental Health Centers
Eun Kyung Byun, Seong-Sook Jun
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2011; 20(2): 157. CrossRef

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