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Research Papers

Development and Evaluation of an App-Based Self-Management Program for Exercise Practice of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial: Maeng, Suyoun , Yu, Jungok; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):250-265. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23119

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to develop an app-based self-management program based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) for breast cancer survivors’ exercise practice, as well as to investigate the program’s effects on the stage of change for exercise, exercise self-efficacy, exercise decisional balance, exercise amount, and body composition.
Methods
This non-randomized controlled study included 52 participants (26 in each of the experimental and control groups, respectively). An app-based self-management program based on the TTM was conducted with the experimental group for a 12-week period. The program comprised three components: individual coaching for each stage of change for exercise based on TTM, amount of exercise and body composition monitoring, and online self-help meetings.
Results
Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher stages of change for exercise (p < .001), exercise self-efficacy (p < .001), exercise decisional balance (p = .002), exercise amount (p < .001), and body composition (body weight [p = .006], body mass index [p = .005], and body fat percentage [p = .010]) immediately and four weeks after the intervention.
Conclusion
An appbased self-management program based on the TTM improves exercise behaviors in breast cancer survivors and provides physical benefits.

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Effects of a mobile health coaching intervention on symptom experience, self-management, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors: A quasi-experimental study
Jin-Hee Park, Sun Hyoung Bae, Yong Sik Jung, Min Hee Hur, Ji Young Kim, Su Jin Jung
Medicine.2025; 104(12): e41894. CrossRef

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The Lived Experience of Body Alteration and Body Image with Regard to Immediate Breast Reconstruction among Women with Breast Cancer: Ahn, Jeonghee , Suh, Eunyoung E.; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(2):245-259. Published online April 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21028

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of body alteration and body image with regard to immediate breast reconstruction among women with breast cancer.
Methods
Data were collected from July to December 2020 through individual in-depth interviews with 15 women who had undergone immediate breast reconstruction due to breast cancer. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis.
Results
The following four theme clusters emerged. First, “revalued meaning of breasts due to cancer” illustrated the fact that cancer removal surgery brought the participants to reconsider the meaning of their breasts. Second, “had no choice but breast reconstruction” demonstrated the participants’ decision-making process of not wanting to lose breasts. Third, “unsatisfied breasts despite reconstruction” portrayed the distress due to the unexpected surgical outcomes. Finally, “restarted everyday routines with the altered body” described the healing process of the participants by accepting their changed body.
Conclusion
In Korea, where family-centeredness and fidelity are highly valued, women perceived their breasts not only as a symbol of femininity but as the mediator connecting the self to family. Despite the distress related to imperfect breasts, the participants were thankful for their reconstructed breasts. Breast reconstruction helped them return to daily life as the psychological trauma of breast cancer was healed. The participants rebuilt their body image by accepting their scarred new body. This may allow health professionals to provide constructive and culturally appropriate counseling in advance by providing insight into women’s perception of their body image with regard to breast reconstruction.

Citations

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Categorising Subjective Perceptions of Middle-Aged Breast Cancer Patients Using Q Methodology
Min-Jeung Shim, Song-Yi Lee, Oh-Sun Ha
Healthcare.2024; 12(18): 1873. CrossRef
Body Acceptance Scale for Women with Breast Cancer: Development and Validation of a Measurement
Jeonghee Ahn, Eunyoung E. Suh
Seminars in Oncology Nursing.2023; 39(5): 151486. CrossRef
Influence of body image on quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing breast reconstruction: Mediating of self‐esteem
Yunhee Jang, Mihyeon Seong, Sohyune Sok
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2023; 32(17-18): 6366. CrossRef
Body acceptance in women with breast cancer: A concept analysis using a hybrid model
Jeonghee Ahn, Eunyoung E. Suh
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 62: 102269. CrossRef
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prepectoral single-stage breast reconstruction
Jiameng Liu, Xiaobin Zheng, Shunguo Lin, Hui Han, Chunsen Xu
Supportive Care in Cancer.2022; 30(7): 5659. CrossRef

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Original Articles

The Effects of Utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support on Health Behavior and Body Mass Index among Breast Cancer Survivors: Gaeun Park, Haejung Lee, Hyun Yul Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):550-561. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.550

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to identify the effects of utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support (SAPS) on health behavior and body mass index (BMI) among overweight or obese breast cancer survivors (BCS).

Methods

A nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was utilized and 36 participants (experimental group 14, control group 22) were recruited from August 2017 to September 2018. Participants were 40~65 years old, overweight or obese, had completed primary cancer treatment within the 12 months prior to the study, and had not done regular exercise during the last 6 months. The 3-month SAPS consisted of exercise and diet education (once p/2 weeks), peer support (once p/week), and self-monitoring using smartphone applications (5 times p/week). All participants underwent assessments at baseline, right after SAPS, and at 3 months after SAPS. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

At the completion of SAPS significant differences were found between groups in motivation for exercise (t=-3.24, p=.005), physical activity (t=-4.15, p<.001), total calorie intake (t=3.42, p=.002), calories from fat (t=-3.01, p=.005), intake of vegetables (t=-2.83, p=.008), and BMI (t=5.21, p<.001). Significant differences in BMI (t=4.13, p<.001) remained up to 3 months after SAPS completion. No significant differences was shown between groups in self-efficacy for exercise, either immediately after or 3 months after SAPS.

Conclusion

The SAPS has the potential to improve motivation for exercise, health behavior, and BMI of BCS. However, special efforts are required to encourage participants to complete the intervention and maintain long-term effects for future trials.

Citations

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Development and Evaluation of an App-Based Self-Management Program for Exercise Practice of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
Suyoun Maeng, Jungok Yu
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(2): 250. CrossRef
Effects of an integrated lifestyle intervention for overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: A quasi-experimental study
Su Jin Seo, Ju-Hee Nho
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2024; 73: 102714. CrossRef
User evaluation of a mobile education application for the management of metabolic syndrome among cancer survivors
Ji-Su Kim, Minhae Kim, Yeji Seo
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 63: 102276. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Digital Health on the Quality of Life of Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review
Gustavo Adolfo Pimentel-Parra, M. Nelia Soto-Ruiz, Leticia San Martín-Rodríguez, Paula Escalada-Hernández, Cristina García-Vivar
Seminars in Oncology Nursing.2023; 39(4): 151418. CrossRef
Effectiveness of a virtual reality application‐based education programme on patient safety management for nursing students: A pre‐test–post‐test study
Jae Woo Oh, Ji Eun Kim
Nursing Open.2023; 10(12): 7622. CrossRef
Effects of smart-care services program for breast cancer survivors
Bok Yae Chung, Sung Jung Hong
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2021; 27(2): 95. CrossRef
The development of a lifestyle modification mobile application, “Health for You” for overweight and obese breast cancer survivors in Korea
Su-Jin Seo, Ju-Hee Nho, Youngsam Park
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2021; 27(3): 243. CrossRef
Peer‐supported lifestyle interventions on body weight, energy intake, and physical activity in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Siew Lim, Wai Kit Lee, Andy Tan, Mingling Chen, Chau Thien Tay, Surbhi Sood, Stephanie Pirotta, Lisa J. Moran, Meena Daivadanam, Ljoudmila Busija, Helen Skouteris, Mamaru A. Awoke, Briony Hill
Obesity Reviews.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Application and evaluation of mobile nutrition management service for breast cancer patients
Ji Hee Choi, Seon-Joo Park, Hee Kwon, Hae-Jeung Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(1): 83. CrossRef

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A Structural Model for Chemotherapy Related Cognitive Impairment and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients: Jung Ran Lee, Pok Ja Oh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(4):375-385. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.375

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop and test a structural model for chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment of breast cancer patients based on a literature review and Hess and Insel's chemotherapy-related cognitive change model.

Methods

The Participants consisted of 250 patients who were ≥19 years of age. The assessment tools included the Menopause Rating Scale, Symptom Experience Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Everyday Cognition, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs.

Results

The modified model was a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were χ ²=423.18 (p<.001), χ ²/df=3.38, CFI=.91, NFI=.91, TLI=.89, SRMR=.05, RMSEA=.09, and AIC=515.18. Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment was directly influenced by menopausal symptoms (β=.38, p=.002), depression and anxiety (β=.25, p=.002), and symptom experiences (β=.19, p=.012). These predictors explained 47.7% of the variance in chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety mediated the relations among menopausal symptoms, symptom experiences, and with chemotherapy related cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety (β=-.51, p=.001), symptom experiences (β=-.27, p=.001), menopausal symptoms (β=-.22, p=.008), and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (β=-.15, p=.024) had direct effects on the quality of life and these variables explained 91.3%.

Conclusion

These results suggest that chemotherapy-related toxicity is highly associated with cognitive decline and quality of life in women with breast cancer. Depression and anxiety increased vulnerability to cognitive impairment after chemotherapy. Nursing intervention is needed to relieve chemotherapy-related toxicity and psychological factor as well as cognitive decline for quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

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Analysis of Breast Cancer Nursing Education Content and Educational needs for Breast Cancer Patient Nursing Perceived by Nurses
Young-Hee Je, Kyoung-Ah Kang
Asian Oncology Nursing.2025; 25(1): 1. CrossRef
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Minji Kim, Juyoung Ha
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Relationships Between Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment, Self-Care Ability, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Nan Wu, Ze Luan, Zijun Zhou, He Wang, Shiyuan Du, Yulu Chen, Xinxin Wang, Jiong Li, Xin Peng
Seminars in Oncology Nursing.2024; 40(5): 151690. CrossRef
Effects of different exercise interventions on chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer: a study protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
Yu Dong, Hao Huang, Aiping Wang
BMJ Open.2024; 14(4): e078934. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Self-reported Memory Problems of Adult Cancer Survivors Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019
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Jin-Hee Park, Su Jin Jung, Lena J. Lee, Junghyun Rhu, Sun Hyoung Bae
Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 10(4): 100212. CrossRef
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Pin Lv, Guolin Ma, Wenqian Chen, Renyuan Liu, Xiaoyan Xin, Jiaming Lu, Shu Su, Ming Li, ShangWen Yang, Yiming Ma, Ping Rong, Ningyu Dong, Qian Chen, Xin Zhang, Xiaowei Han, Bing Zhang
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Influence of Rehabilitation on Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Clinical Study
Teresa Paolucci, Aristide Saggino, Francesco Agostini, Marco Paoloni, Andrea Bernetti, Massimiliano Mangone, Valter Santilli, Raoul Saggini, Marco Tommasi
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(16): 8585. CrossRef

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Psychoeducational Approach to Distress Management of Newly Diagnosed Patients with Breast Cancer: Jin-Hee Park, Mison Chun, Yong Sik Jung, Sun Hyoung Bae, Young-Mi Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(6):669-678. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.669

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of integrated psychoeducational program for distress management of newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer.

Methods

A quasi-experimental trial was conducted. The participants consisted of 47 female patients with breast cancer assigned to an intervention group (n=25) and control group (n=22). The intervention group participated in integrated psychoeducational program, consisting of individual face-to-face education and telephone-delivered health-coaching sessions. Data were collected at three time points: pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2), and 6-month follow-up (T3). Study instruments were Distress thermometer, Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form 34 and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast.

Results

Compared with the control group, breast cancer patients in the intervention group reported lower distress and supportive care needs than the control group. The intervention group reported higher quality of life (QOL) overall and higher emotional well-being than the control group.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the integrated psychoeducational program is an effective intervention for reducing distress and supportive care needs and increasing QOL of newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer. Oncology nurses need to provide psychoeducational intervention to support patients with breast cancer in managing their distress and helping them adjust to their life.

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Asian Oncology Nursing.2025; 25(1): 1. CrossRef
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Jin-Hee Park, Yong Sik Jung, Min Hee Hur, Yu Jin Jeong
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(4): 311. CrossRef
Effects of Psychosocial Interventions for Patients with Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Kyu-Sic Hwang, Kuy-Haeng Lee, Chan-Mo Yang, Hye-Jin Lee, Sang-Yeol Lee
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2023; 21(1): 118. CrossRef
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Development and Effect of the Integrated Health Promotion Program for Cancer Survivors Living at Home
Hee Sang Yoon, Eun A Hwang
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Songül Kamışlı, Bahar Gökler
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Kavitha Konnakkaparambil Ramakrishnan, Sreekumar Damodaran
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Mediating and Moderating Factors of Adherence to Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines, Breastfeeding Experience, and Spousal Support on the Relationship between Stress and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors
Nam Mi Kang, Won-Ho Hahn, Suyeon Park, Jung Eun Lee, Young Bum Yoo, Chung Ja Ryoo
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Tetiana Odynets, Yuriy Briskin, Valentina Todorova
Integrative Cancer Therapies.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Symptom Distress and Coping in Young Korean Breast Cancer Survivors: The Mediating Effects of Social Support and Resilience: Ji Hyun Lee, Hye Young Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(2):241-253. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.2.241

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test the mediating effect of social support and resilience on the relationship between symptom distress and coping in young Korean breast cancer survivors.

Methods

A purposive sample of 209 young breast-cancer survivors (mean age 39.9) was recruited for a cross-sectional survey, and the data were collected between June and October 2015. The instruments used in this study were the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Cancer Coping Questionnaire. The collected data were then analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs.

Results

Symptom distress was found to have a significant indirect effect on coping (beta=-.32, p=.002), but not a significant direct effect (beta=.06, p=.577). Additionally, based on the values obtained for the squared multiple correlation, symptom distress, social support, and resilience were found to explain 46.4% of the total variance of coping.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that in order to enhance young breast cancer survivors’ ability to cope with the distress they commonly feel, intervention methods that strengthen resilience and provide social support should be developed and made available to them.

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Impact of Uncertainty on the Quality of Life of Young Breast Cancer Patients: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Marital Intimacy: Yeong Kyong Oh, Seon Young Hwang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):50-58. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.50

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of marital intimacy on the impact of uncertainty on the quality of life (QoL) of young breast cancer patients.

Methods

This study used a pathway analysis with 154 young breast cancer cases in their early diagnosis stage at a medical center in Korea. Data were collected from November 2016 to February 2017 and analyzed using correlation analysis and pathway analysis.

Results

Uncertainty, marital intimacy, and 4 sub-scales of QoL showed a significant correlation. Marital intimacy was directly affected by uncertainty (b=-.39, p=.013) and 4 sub-scales of QoL were also affected by uncertainty. Among the 4 sub-scales of QoL, physical well-being (PWB) (b=.17, p=.026), social well-being (SWB) (b=.49, p=.010), and functional well-being (FWB) (b=.38, p=.009) were affected by marital intimacy but emotional well-being (EWB) was not affected by it. The mediating effect of marital intimacy on the impact of uncertainty on QoL was confirmed. Marital intimacy showed a significant indirect effect on PWB (b=-.07, p=.024), SWB (b=-.19, p=.008), and FWB (b=-.15, p=.005), and it means that marital intimacy has a partial mediating effect on the impact of uncertainty on PWB, SWB, and FWB.

Conclusion

Effects of uncertainty on QoL was mediated by marital intimacy of young breast cancer patients in their early diagnosis stage. It suggests that marital intimacy needs to be considered in providing nursing intervention for young breast cancer patients.

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Effects of Educational Program of Manual Lymph Massage on the Arm Functioning and the Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients: Eun Sook Lee, Sung Hyo Kim, Sun Mi Kim, Jeong Ju Sun; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1390-1400. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1390

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of EPMLM(educational program of manual lymph massage) on the arm functioning and QOL(quality of life) in breast cancer patients with lymphedema.

Method

Subjects in the experimental group(n=20) participated in EPMLM for 6 weeks from June to July, 2005. The EPMLM consisted of training of lymph massage for 2 weeks and encourage and support of self-care using lymph massage for 4 weeks. The arm functioning assessed at pre-treatment, 2weeks, and 6weeks using Arm functioning questionnaire. The QOL assessed at pre-treatment and 6 weeks using SF-36. The outcome data of experimental group was compared with control group(n=20). The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 statistical program.

Result

The arm functioning of experimental group was increased from 2 weeks after(W=.224, p=.011) and statistically differenced with control group at 2 weeks(Z=-2.241, p=.024) and 6 weeks(Z=-2.453, p=.013). Physical function of QOL domain increased in experimental group(Z=-1.162, p=.050), also statistically differenced with control group(Z=-2.182, p= .030) at 6weeks.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the educational program of manual lymph massage can improve arm functioning and physical function of QOL domain in breast cancer patients with lymphedema.

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Changes in Upper Extemity Sensation and the Quality of Life for Patients Following Mastectomy
Suk Jeong Lee, Young Mi Park, Jiyoung Kim
Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2011; 11(3): 229. CrossRef

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Effects of a Comprehensive Rehabilitation Program for Mastectomy Patients: Ok Hee Cho; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(5):809-819. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.5.809

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a comprehensive rehabilitation program on physical function, immune response, fatigue and quality of life in mastectomy patients.

Method

The subjects included fifty-five patients with breast cancer (27 in the control group and 28 in the experimental group). The subjects in the experimental group participated in a comprehensive rehabilitation program for10 weeks, which was composed of 1 session of education, 2 sessions of stress management, 2 sessions of exercise, and 1 session of peer support group activity per week.

Result

The results revealed anincrease in shoulder extension, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation of the affectedupper extremity, and in shoulder extension and abduction of the healthy upper extremity. Also an increase in quality of life and a decrease in fatigue were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. However, the results revealed that the natural killer cell ratio of the experimental group increased but there was no significant difference from that of the control group.

Conclusion

The 10-week comprehensive rehabilitation program showed a large affirmative effect on physical function, fatigue and quality of life of breast cancer patients after a mastectomy.

Citations

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The Effect of Comprehensive Care Program for Ovarian Cancer Survivors
Kyung-Hye Hwang, Ok-Hee Cho, Yang-Sook Yoo
Clinical Nursing Research.2016; 25(2): 192. CrossRef
Review of Rehabilitation Programs for Cancer survivors
Jong Hee Han
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(12): 307. CrossRef
Effect of a 12-week walking exercise program on body composition and immune cell count in patients with breast cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy
Ji Jeong Kim, Yun A Shin, Min Hwa Suk
Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry.2015; 19(3): 255. CrossRef
Effects of BeHaS Exercise Program on Flexibility, Grip Strength, Stress and Self-esteem in Breast Cancer Survivors
Sun Young Park, Jong Im Kim
Journal of muscle and joint health.2013; 20(3): 171. CrossRef
Relationships among Pain, Upper Extremity Function, and Anxiety in the Breast Cancer Survivors
Jeong-Sun Lim, Jong-Im Kim
Journal of muscle and joint health.2012; 19(1): 37. CrossRef
Effects of Laughter Therapy on Depression, Quality of Life, Resilience and Immune Responses in Breast Cancer Survivors
Eun A Cho, Hyun Ei Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(3): 285. CrossRef
Developing a Rehabilitation Model of Breast Cancer Patients Through Literature Review and Hospital Rehabilitation Programs
Bok-Yae Chung, Yu Xu
Asian Nursing Research.2008; 2(1): 55. CrossRef

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Decision Making Experience on Breast Reconstruction for Women with Breast Cancer: Myungsun Yi, Woo Joung Joung, Eun Young Park, Eun Jin Kwon, Haejin Kim, Ji Young Seo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):894-904. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.894

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore decision making experiences of Korean women with breast cancer who underwent breast reconstruction with/after a mastectomy.

Methods

Data were collected during 2015-2016 through individual in-depth interviews with 10 women who had both mastectomy and breast reconstruction, and analyzed using phenomenological method to identify essential themes on experiences of making a decision to have breast reconstruction.

Results

Five theme clusters emerged. First, “expected loss of sexuality and discovery of autonomy” illustrates various aims of breast reconstruction. Second, “holding tight to the reputation of doctors amid uncertainty” specifies the importance of a trust relationship with their physician despite a lack of information. Third, “family members to step back in position” describes support or opposition from family members in the decision making process. Fourth, “bewilderment due to the paradox of appearance-oriented views” illustrates paradoxical environment, resulting in confusion and anger. Lastly, “decision to be made quickly with limited time to oneself” describes the crazy whirling process of decision making.

Conclusion

Findings highlight aims, worries, barriers, and facilitators that women with breast cancer experience when making a decision about breast reconstruction. Deciding on breast reconstruction was not only a burden for women in a state of shock with a diagnosis of breast cancer, but also an opportunity to decide to integrate their body, femininity, and self which might be wounded from a mastectomy. These findings will help oncology professionals provide effective educational counselling before the operation to promote higher satisfaction after the operation.

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Yunhee Jang, Mihyeon Seong, Sohyune Sok
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2023; 32(17-18): 6366. CrossRef
Effects of decision aids on breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Shu Yang, Lin Yu, Chunmiao Zhang, Mengmeng Xu, Qi Tian, Xuan Cui, Yantong Liu, Shuanghan Yu, Minglu Cao, Wei Zhang
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2023; 32(7-8): 1025. CrossRef
“Struggling to Accept the New Breast as Part of My Body” – The Challenge of Immediate Breast Reconstruction in Women With Breast Cancer
Jeehee Han, Juhye Jin, Sanghee Kim, Dong Won Lee, Sue Kim
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Eun Young Park, Myungsun Yi, Hye Sook Kim, Haejin Kim
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The Lived Experience of Body Alteration and Body Image with Regard to Immediate Breast Reconstruction among Women with Breast Cancer
Jeonghee Ahn, Eunyoung E Suh
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(2): 245. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Quality of Life Among Breast Cancer Patients Following Immediate Breast Reconstruction
A Young Kim, Jeong Hye Kim
Asian Oncology Nursing.2020; 20(1): 1. CrossRef
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Soo-Kyung Bok, Youngshin Song, Ancho Lim, Hyunsuk Choi, Hyunkyung Shin, Sohyun Jin
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Operation Experiences of Women with Breast Cancer
Hyeon-Young Kim, Sun Hwa Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2020; 27(2): 129. CrossRef
“Waiting for breast reconstruction”: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of heterosexual couples’ experiences of mastectomy for breast cancer
Kristopher Lamore, Cécile Flahault, Léonor Fasse, Aurélie Untas
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2019; 42: 42. CrossRef
Breast reconstruction statistics in Korea from the Big Data Hub of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service
Jae-Won Kim, Jun-Ho Lee, Tae-Gon Kim, Yong-Ha Kim, Kyu Jin Chung
Archives of Plastic Surgery.2018; 45(05): 441. CrossRef

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Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth in Survivors of Breast Cancer: Jin-Hee Park, Yong-Sik Jung, Youngmi Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):454-462. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.454

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is defined as 'positive psychological change experienced as a result of a struggle with highly challenging life circumstances'. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of PTG and its correlates in Korean patients with breast cancer.

Methods

A sample of 120 participants was recruited from outpatients, who had successfully completed primary treatment of breast cancer at a university hospital., Data were collected from June to December, 2014 using Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, lllness Intrusiveness Rating Scale, Cancer Coping Questionnaire, Revised Life Orientation Test and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.

Results

Total score for the PTG was 79.18±17.54 in patients surviving breast cancer. Bivariate analyses indicated that PTG was positively associated with having a religion, perceived social support, greater optimism, cancer coping, and illness intrusiveness. Results of the regression analysis showed that cancer coping (β=.29, p=.001), optimism (β=0.28, p=.001) and illness intrusiveness (β=0.17, p=.037) were statistically significant in patients' PTG.

Conclusion

The research findings show that the variables of cancer coping, optimism and illness intrusiveness significantly explain PTG and these psychological variables can be used to provide improvement in PTG for patients with breast cancer

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Alexandra-Cristina Paunescu, Marina Kvaskoff, Cyrille Delpierre, Lidia Delrieu, Guillemette Jacob, Myriam Pannard, Marie Préau
BMC Psychology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Molly Hillyard, Ryan Westley, Jade Kettlewell, Melissa Brunner
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Factors Influencing Resilience in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Su Jeong Yi, Ku Sang Kim, Seunghee Lee, Hyunjung Lee
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Jeong-Sook Park, You-Jeong Kim, Young-Seun Ryu, Mi-Hyang Park
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Glynnis A. McDonnell, Alice W. Pope, Tammy A. Schuler, Jennifer S. Ford
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Eun Young Seo, Suhye Kwon
Asian Oncology Nursing.2018; 18(4): 232. CrossRef

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The Structural Equation Model on Resilience of Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: Jeong Ha Yang, Ok Soo Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):327-337. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.327

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model on resilience of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Methods

Participants were 204 patients with breast cancer who received chemotherapy treatment. They participated in a structured interview, which included social support, depression, symptom experience, self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and infection prevention behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 and AMOS 18.0.

Results

Lower depression (γ=-.33, p=.020) and symptom experience (γ=-.31, p=.012) and higher self-efficacy (γ=.32, p=.005) and hope (γ=.48, p=.016) were influenced by higher social support. Greater resilience was influenced by lower symptom experience (β=-.18, p=.016), higher self-efficacy (β=.49, p=.023), and higher hope (β=.46, p=.012), and these predictors explained 66.7% of variance in resilience. Greater resilience (β=.54, p=.009) made an impact on greater infection prevention behaviors. Resilience mediated the relations of symptom experience (β=-.10 p=.013), self-efficacy (β=.27, p=.006) and hope (β=.25, p=.009) with infection prevention behaviors. These predictors explained 24.9% of variance in infection prevention behaviors.

Conclusion

The findings of the study suggest that breast cancer patientsw ith greater resilience who are receiving chemotherapy participate in increased infection prevention behaviors. Further research should be conducted to seek intervention strategies that improve breast cancer patients' resilience.

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Effects of Telephone-based Self-care Intervention for Gynecologic Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Boyeon Lee, Hyojung Park
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Adaptación a la enfermedad, resiliencia y optimismo en mujeres con cáncer de mama
Marlen Simancas Fernández, Carla Zapata Rueda, Gonzalo Galván Patrignani, Jose Carlos Celedón Rivero, Juan Hernández Padilla
Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría.2023; 52(4): 280. CrossRef
Adaptation to the disease, resilience and optimism in woman with breast cancer
Marlen Simancas Fernández, Carla Zapata Rueda, Gonzalo Galván Patrignani, Jose Carlos Celedón Rivero, Juan Hernández Padilla
Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English ed.).2023; 52(4): 280. CrossRef
Positive personal resources and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: resilience, optimism, hope, courage, trait mindfulness, and self-efficacy in breast cancer patients and survivors
Francesca Chiesi, Deborah Vizza, Moira Valente, Rosy Bruno, Chloe Lau, Maria Rosita Campagna, Melania Lo Iacono, Francesco Bruno
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A menopausal transition model based on transition theory
Jisoon Kim, Sukhee Ahn
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Frontiers in Psychology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Development and Validation of the Empowerment Scale for Woman with Breast Cancer: Sun Hwa Shin, Hyojung Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(4):613-624. Published online August 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.4.613

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate empowerment in woman with breast cancer and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale.

Methods

The development process for the initial items included a literature review, interviews, and construction of a conceptual framework. The identified items were evaluated for content validity by experts, resulting in 3 factors and 48 preliminary items. Participants were 319 women with breast cancer recruited to test reliability and validity of the preliminary scale. Data were analyzed using item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion related validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

Results

The final scale consisted of 30 items and 3 factors. Factors, including 'intrapersonal factor' (14 items), 'interactional factor' (8 items), and 'behavioral factor' (8 items), were drawn up after confirmatory factor analysis. Goodness of fit of the final research model was very appropriate as shown by χ²/df=1.86, TLI=.90, CFI=.92, SRMR=.06, and RMSEA=.05. Criterion validity was evaluated by total correlation with the Cancer Empowerment Questionnaire .78. Cronbach's alpha for total items was .93 and test-retest reliability was .69.

Conclusion

Findings from this study indicate that the scale can be used in the development of nursing interventions to promote the empowerment of women having breast cancer.

Citations

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Effect of depression and empowerment on medication adherence in patients with breast cancer: a descriptive survey
Sookyung Jeong, Eun Jeong Kim
BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Patient Empowerment in Cancer Care
Soo Hyun Kim, Yu Hyeon Choe, Da Hye Kim
Cancer Nursing.2024; 47(6): 471. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of Health Empowerment Scale for North Korean Women Defectors
Semi Lim, Younhee Kang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(1): 80. CrossRef
Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Health Care Empowerment Questionnaire (K-HCEQ)
Semi Lim, Kyungmi Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2022; 29(2): 131. CrossRef
Effects of a partnership‐based, needs‐tailored self‐management support intervention for post‐treatment breast cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial
Soo Hyun Kim, Yu Hyeon Choe, Young Up Cho, Seho Park, Moon Hee Lee
Psycho-Oncology.2022; 31(3): 460. CrossRef
Concept Analysis of the Empowerment of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Using a Hybrid Model
Jiyoung Kim, Nayeon Shin
Advances in Nursing Science.2022; 45(1): E31. CrossRef
Application of empowerment education in health education for cancer patients
Yan PENG, Lin HAN, Fang-Fang AN, Li LI, Yue-Li HOU
Journal of Integrative Nursing.2021; 3(1): 46. CrossRef
Development and evaluation of the Coronary Artery Disease Empowerment Scale (CADES) in Korea
Jiyoung Kim, Nayeon Shin, Kyungmi Lee
Clinical Nursing Research.2021; 30(8): 1241. CrossRef
Design of a randomized controlled trial of a partnership-based, needs-tailored self-management support intervention for post-treatment breast cancer survivors
Soo Hyun Kim, Yu Hyeon Choe, Ah Reum Han, Gwui Jeong Yeon, Gyeong Hee Lee, Bo Gyeong Lee, Young Up Cho, Seho Park, Moon Hee Lee
BMC Cancer.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Reliability and Validity of the Clinical Competency Scale for Nursing Students
Bo Young Kim, Myeong Jeong Chae, Yun Ok Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(2): 220. CrossRef
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HyunSoo Oh, SunYoung Han, SooHyun Kim, WhaSook Seo
Orthopaedic Nursing.2018; 37(1): 24. CrossRef
Patient empowerment: a systematic review of questionnaires measuring empowerment in cancer patients
Nanna Bjerg Eskildsen, Clara Ruebner Joergensen, Thora Grothe Thomsen, Lone Ross, Susanne Malchau Dietz, Mogens Groenvold, Anna Thit Johnsen
Acta Oncologica.2017; 56(2): 156. CrossRef

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Chemotherapy-related Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Breast Cancer: Jin-Hee Park, Sun Hyoung Bae, Yong-Sik Jung, Young-Mi Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(1):118-128. Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.118

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Evidence suggests that some patients with breast cancer experience cognitive difficulties following chemotherapy. This longitudinal study was done to examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and trajectory of cognitive function over time in women with breast cancer, who received adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

Participants were 137 patients with breast cancer. They completed neuropsychological tests and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function before adjuvant therapy (pretest), toward the end of adjuvant therapy (posttest), and 6 months after the completion of adjuvant therapy (follow-up test). Of the patients, 91 were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and 46 patients who did not receive chemotherapy made up the comparison group. A reliable-change index and repeated-measure ANOVA were used for statistical analyses.

Results

At the posttest point, over 30% of patients showed complex cognitive impairment and reported greater difficulty in subjective cognitive function. At the follow-up test point, 22.0% of patients exhibited complex cognitive impairment and 30.8% of patients complained of subjective cognitive impairment. Repeated-measure ANOVA showed significant decreases after receiving chemotherapy followed by small improvements 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy in cognitive domains of change for attention and concentration, memory, executive function, and subjective cognitive function.

Conclusion

These results suggest that chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer may be associated with objective and subjective cognitive impairments. Further studies are needed to explore the potential risk factors and predictor of chemotherapy-related cognitive changes. Also nursing interventions for prevention and intervention of cognitive impairments should be developed and tested.

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Jing Yang, Yongchun Deng, Daihong Liu, Yong Tan, Meng Lin, Xiaoyu Zhou, Jing Zhang, Hong Yu, Yixin Hu, Yu Tang, Shixi Jiang, Jiuquan Zhang
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Pok Ja Oh, Ji Hyun Kim
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Vivian Huang, Lynda Mackin, Kord M. Kober, Steven M. Paul, Bruce A. Cooper, Yvette P. Conley, Marilyn J. Hammer, Jon D. Levine, Christine Miaskowski
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Miaomiao Jia, Xiaojun Zhang, Liyuan Wei, Jinnan Gao
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Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer on Hormone Therapy: Eunkyung Hwang, Myungsun Yi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(1):108-117. Published online February 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.1.108

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to identify degrees of pain, menopause symptoms, and quality of life, and to identify factors influencing quality of life of patients with breast cancer who were on hormone therapy.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey design was utilized. Data were collected using questionnaires from 110 patients with breast cancer who had been on hormone therapy for 3 months or more and were being treated at a university hospital in Seoul. Data were analyzed using χ²-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression.

Results

Mean age of the participants was 53.56 (SD=6.67) and 54 (51.4%) had stage 0 or I at the time of diagnosis. Most of the participants reported having pain and menopause symptoms (88.2% and 95.5% respectively). The mean score for quality of life was 87.84±21.17. Pain, menopause symptoms and quality of life had strong correlations with each other (p<.005). Quality of life was explained by menopause symptoms (β= -.71), economic status (β=.20) and occupation (β=.16).

Conclusion

The results of the study suggest that menopause symptoms should be incorporated into oncologic nursing care to improve quality of life of patients with breast cancer on hormone therapy.

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Posttraumatic Growth of Patients with Breast Cancer: Sook Lee, Yeon Jung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):907-915. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.907

Abstract PDF

Purpose

A diagnosis of breast cancer is one of the most traumatic events that threatens a woman's life, but while women adapt to and overcome these threats, they not only experience negative aspects, but also growth. The purpose of this study was to identify the many factors that affect growth, and to provide fundamental information for nursing interventions, which can help the women in their growth.

Methods

The participants in this study were 131 married women patients with breast cancer, who were on medical treatment in one of two university hospitals, in Seoul and Chungnam. Data were collected for posttraumatic growth, self-esteem, cancer coping questionnaire, marital intimacy, and body image. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 19.0 program (IBM).

Results

Interpersonal cancer coping, intrapersonal cancer coping (planning) and self-esteem accounted for 29.0% of posttraumatic growth.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that in order to help the women's growth after the trauma of breast cancer, it is necessary to enhance their self-esteem, and to develop psycho-social nursing supportive programs.

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A Meta-analysis of Chemotherapy related Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Breast Cancer: Jin-Hee Park, Sun Hyoung Bae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(5):644-658. Published online October 12, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.5.644

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cognitive effects of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.

Methods

Using several databases, prospective studies were collected up to August 2011. Of 2,106 publications identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria, and 8 studies were used to estimate the effect size of chemotherapy on cognitive impairment.

Results

Twelve studies were done since 2005 and most of the research was performed in Europe or North America. Eight studies were used to generate effect size across the cognitive domains of attention/concentration, verbal and visual memory, executive function, visuospatial skill, language, and subjective cognitive function. Each of the cognitive domains showed small effect sizes (-0.02 ~ -0.26), indicating diminished cognitive function for the chemotherapy group compared with non-chemotherapy groups.

Conclusion

Finding suggests that breast cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy may experience mild cognitive decline. Further study is needed to generate knowledge and guideline for interventions to address chemotherapy related cognitive impairment in these patients.

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Effects of compensatory cognitive training intervention for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a pilot study
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Daniel Sj Costa, Rebecca Mercieca‐bebber, Claudia Rutherford, Liam Gabb, Madeleine T King
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Prevalence and Characteristics of Chemotherapy-related Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Breast Cancer
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Development and Effectiveness of Expressive Writing Program for Women with Breast Cancer in Korea: Eun Young Park, Mungsun Yi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(2):269-279. Published online April 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.269

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To develop a expressive writing program for women with breast cancer and to identify its effects on stress physical symptom, cancer symptom, anxiety, depression, and QOL.

Methods

A non-equivalent control pre-post design was used. Participants were recruited from self-help groups in six hospitals and were assigned to the experimental group (29) or control group (29). Data were collected before, after, and at four weeks after the intervention program. Changes in the variables were evaluated to test effects of the developed program, using χ²-test, Fisher's exact test, repeated measures ANOVA, and paired t-test.

Results

The expressive writing program was developed for women with breast cancer based on Pennebaker's expressive writing. Significant differences were found between the two groups for stress related to physical symptoms (p<.00) and quality of life (p=.024). No significant differences were found in cancer symptoms, anxiety, or depression between the two groups.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the expressive writing program designed to express cancer-related deep thoughts and emotions helps in decreasing physical symptoms and improving QOL. Further studies are needed to identify the effect on emotions such as anxiety and depression for women with breast cancer with above average levels of anxiety and depression.

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Development and Evaluation of 「Hospice Smart Patient」 Service Program: Chai-Soon Park, Yang-Sook Yoo, Dong-Won Choi, Hyun-Jeong Park, Ji-In Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(1):9-17. Published online February 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.1.9

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and implement the Hospice Smart Patient Program and to evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods

It was quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-post study. Breast cancer patients who underwent surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or who needed palliative care, participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups, experimental and control groups based on their preferences. The program was developed after literature review and discussion among experts on hospice and palliative care. Participants who were in the experimental group received either face-to-face or phone 「Hospice Smart Patient」 Service at least once a week for 5 months.

Results

There was a significant difference in quality of life and communication skill between the two groups after the service was provided. In addition, participants in experimental group showed improved decision making skills, mastery sense, and understanding of hospice and palliative care, which would be beneficial in improving their quality of life.

Conclusion

We have concluded that the 「Hospice Smart Patient」 Program is useful for cancer patients in decision making, improving self-control and choosing hospice care to improve their quality of life.

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Romel Jonathan Velasco Yanez, Ana Fátima Carvalho Fernandes, Erilaine de Freitas Corpes, Régia Christina Moura Barbosa Castro, Judith Sixsmith, Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior
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Symptom Experience and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: Jin Hee Park, Eun-Young Jun, Mi-Young Kang, Yong-Sik Joung, Gu-Sang Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(5):613-621. Published online October 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.5.613

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purposes of this study were to evaluate symptom experience and quality of life (QOL) and to identify the predictors of QOL among breast cancer survivors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 disease-free breast cancer survivors at two hospitals between December 2007 and July 2008. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale-B, Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-short Form and The Linear Analogue Self Assessment Scale were used to assess symptom experience and QOL in these patients. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 12.0.

Results

The mean score of QOL for breast cancer survivors was 95.81 (±18.02). The highest scores among physical and psychological symptoms were sexual interest and anxiety. Year since treatment completion was significantly associated with QOL in sociodemographic variables. Physical and psychological symptoms have a significant negative association with QOL. The results of the regression analyses showed that physical and psychological symptoms were statistically significant in predicting patients' QOL.

Conclusion

Symptom experience and QOL are essential variables that should be acknowledged when delivering health care to breast cancer survivors. More attention to the reduction and management of psychological distress could improve QOL among breast cancer survivors.

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Effects of a Cognitive-Behavioral Nursing Intervention on Anxiety and Depression in Women with Breast Cancer undergoing Radiotherapy: Myung-Sook Yoo, Haejung Lee, Jung-A Yoon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(2):157-165. Published online April 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.2.157

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a cognitive-behavioral nursing intervention on anxiety and depression of patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group design was used for the study. The research participants were patients with breast cancer (N=71; experimental group=35, comparison group=36) who received radiotherapy at P university hospital. The experimental group received a 6-week cognitive-behavioral nursing intervention (2 hr/week), which included nursing counseling, education about treatment choices for breast cancer and possible side effects and management strategies during radiotherapy, and rehabilitation exercise.

Results

Following the intervention, the experimental group showed significantly lower levels of anxiety (Experimental group=34.60±6.35, Comparison group=44.63±9.93, t=3.552, p<.001) and depression (Experimental group=10.20±6.61, Comparison group=17.81±10.85, t=3.542, p<.001) than the comparison group.

Conclusion

The findings from this study showed that cognitive-behavioral counseling applied by nurses is very effective to reduce anxiety and depression among patients with breast cancer. Therefore, providing nursing counseling to broader spectrum of patients with cancer should be considered. Further research would warrant future clinical application of nursing counseling.

Citations

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