Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Media discourse on physician assistant nurses in South Korea: a text network and topic modeling approach: Young Gyu Kwon, Daun Jeong, Song Hee Park, Mi Kyung Kim, Chan Woong Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(3):388-399. Published online July 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25038

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study quantitatively examined the portrayal of physician assistant (PA) nurses in Korean media by integrating text network analysis with latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling.
Methods
A total of 3,564 news articles published by nine major Korean media outlets between 2020 and 2024 were analyzed. Content analysis was conducted using term frequency-inverse document frequency calculations, network centrality analysis, and LDA topic modeling to extract key terms, map discourse structures, and identify latent topics.
Results
The analysis identified four primary topics in Korean media discourse: “healthcare workforce expansion policies” (30.4%), “hospital clinical practice and operational management” (23.5%), “institutionalization of the PA nursing role” (17.8%), and “COVID-19 response and public health crisis management” (28.3%). High-centrality keywords included “hospital,” “medical,” “patient,” “physician,” “government,” and “nurse,” indicating that the discourse primarily focused on clinical settings. Topic modeling revealed a major shift from pandemic-centered coverage in 2020 to a focus on healthcare workforce policy and PA nurse institutionalization in 2024, coinciding with the passage of the Nursing Act.
Conclusion
This study provides empirical evidence suggesting that the portrayal of PA nurses in Korean media discourse evolved from a peripheral regulatory issue to a central healthcare delivery solution, particularly in the contexts of workforce management, clinical practice, and crisis response. Our findings suggest that PA nurse institutionalization received broader attention when positioned as part of systemic healthcare improvements addressing concrete clinical needs. These results offer valuable insights for policymakers and administrators in framing and implementing workforce policy reforms.

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Formative versus reflective measurement models in nursing research: a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study in Korea: Eun Seo Park, Young Il Cho, Hyo Jin Kim, YeoJin Im, Dong Hee Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):107-118. Published online February 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24095

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to empirically verify the impact of measurement model selection on research outcomes and their interpretation through an analysis of children’s emotional and social problems measured by the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) using both reflective and formative measurement models. These models were represented by covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM), respectively.
Methods
This secondary data analysis evaluated children’s emotional and social problems as both reflective and formative constructs. Reflective models were analyzed using CB-SEM, while formative models were assessed using PLS-SEM. Comparisons between these two approaches were based on model fit and parameter estimates.
Results
In the CB-SEM analysis, which assumed a reflective measurement model, a model was not identified due to inadequate fit indices and a Heywood case, indicating improper model specification. In contrast, the PLS-SEM analysis, assuming a formative measurement model, demonstrated adequate reliability and validity with significant path coefficients, supporting the appropriateness of the formative model for the PSC.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that the PSC is more appropriately analyzed as a formative measurement model using PLS-SEM, rather than as a reflective model using CB-SEM. This study highlights the necessity of selecting an appropriate measurement model based on the theoretical and empirical characteristics of constructs in nursing research. Future research should ensure that the nature of measurement variables is accurately reflected in the choice of statistical models to improve the validity of research outcomes.

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Development and Evaluation of an App-Based Self-Management Program for Exercise Practice of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial: Suyoun Maeng, Jungok Yu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):250-265. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23119

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to develop an app-based self-management program based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) for breast cancer survivors’ exercise practice, as well as to investigate the program’s effects on the stage of change for exercise, exercise self-efficacy, exercise decisional balance, exercise amount, and body composition.
Methods
This non-randomized controlled study included 52 participants (26 in each of the experimental and control groups, respectively). An app-based self-management program based on the TTM was conducted with the experimental group for a 12-week period. The program comprised three components: individual coaching for each stage of change for exercise based on TTM, amount of exercise and body composition monitoring, and online self-help meetings.
Results
Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher stages of change for exercise (p < .001), exercise self-efficacy (p < .001), exercise decisional balance (p = .002), exercise amount (p < .001), and body composition (body weight [p = .006], body mass index [p = .005], and body fat percentage [p = .010]) immediately and four weeks after the intervention.
Conclusion
An appbased self-management program based on the TTM improves exercise behaviors in breast cancer survivors and provides physical benefits.

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Effects of a mobile health coaching intervention on symptom experience, self-management, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors: A quasi-experimental study
Jin-Hee Park, Sun Hyoung Bae, Yong Sik Jung, Min Hee Hur, Ji Young Kim, Su Jin Jung
Medicine.2025; 104(12): e41894. CrossRef

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An Investigation of the Cumulative Effects of Depressive Symptoms on the Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging: Eunmi Kim, Jinkyung Oh, Iksoo Huh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(4):453-467. Published online August 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23018

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study investigated the cumulative effects of depressive symptoms on cognitive function over time in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Data were investigated from 2,533 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) from the 5th (2014) to the 8th wave (2020). The association between cumulative depressive symptoms and cognitive function was identified through multiple regression analysis. Results: When the multiple regression analysis was conducted from each wave, the current depressive symptoms scores and cognitive function scores were negatively associated, regardless of the waves (B5th = - 0.26, B6th = - 0.26, B7th = - 0.26, and B8th = - 0.27; all p < .001). Further, when all the previous depressive symptoms scores were added as explanatory variables in the 8th wave, the current one (B8th = - 0.09, p < .001) and the previous ones (B5th = - 0.11, B6th = - 0.09, and B7th = - 0.13; all p < .001) were also negatively associated with the cognitive function score. The delta R² , which indicates the difference between the model’s R² with and without the depressive symptoms scores, was greater in the model with all the previous and current depressive symptoms scores (6.4%) than in the model with only the current depressive symptoms score (3.6%). Conclusion: Depressive symptoms in older adults have a long-term impact. This results in an accumulated adverse effect on the cognitive function. Therefore, to prevent cognitive decline in older adults, we suggest detecting their depressive symptoms early and providing continuous intervention to reduce exposure to long-term depressive symptoms.

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Systematic identification and quantification of factors and their interactions with age, sex, and panel wave influencing cognitive function in Korean older adults
Eunmi Kim, Jinkyung Oh, Jungsoo Gim, Iksoo Huh
Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Factors Influencing Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19 in Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study: Jeong Sil Choi, Kyung Mi Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(6):554-563. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22047

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to determine how undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge and health beliefs affected their COVID-19-related infection-prevention behaviors.
Methods
This study used a descriptive survey. A total of 188 undergraduate nursing students from two universities in South Korea participated in this study. The data were collected from June 2020 to August 2020. Factors influencing infection-prevention behaviors were identified using multiple regression analysis.
Results
The participants’ mean knowledge level regarding COVID-19 was 84.05 ± 11.78 out of 100. The average health belief score was 2.80 ± 0.32 points out of 5. COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors were correlated with experiences of searching for COVID-19 information (r = .22, p < .01), perceived severity (r = .24, p < .01), perceived benefits (r = .29, p < .01), cues to action (r = .30, p < .01), knowledge (r = .27, p < .01), and perceived barriers (r = - .19, p < .05). Factors that significantly affected COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors were the participants’ years of study, experiences regarding COVID-19 prevention education, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and cues to action.
Conclusion
COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors are promoted by increasing awareness about the disease and promoting COVID-19 education in nursing curriculums.

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The multiple mediating effects of health beliefs on the relationship between infection control knowledge and infection-preventive behaviors among health science college students
Yoonmi Lee, Hyejin Kim, Jieun Lee
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2025; 31(2): 196. CrossRef
Effect of an educational intervention on nursing students’ knowledge about COVID-19 and compliance with standard and transmission-based precautions: a quasi-experimental study
Ana Beatriz de Almeida Lima, Cristine Maria Pereira Gusmão, Lais do Espirito Santo Lima, Daniel de Macedo Rocha, Mayra Gonçalves Menegueti, Ana Cristina de Oliveira e Silva, Renata Karina Reis
BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparing factors related to perceived control and preventive behaviors from COVID‐19 between Japanese and American nursing students: A cross‐sectional study
Akiko Kondo, Renaguli Abuliezi, Kosuke Niitsu, Kazuko Naruse, Tomomi Oki, Erika Ota, Mabel C. Ezeonwu
Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Influence of Social Capital on Depression of Older Adults Living in Rural Area: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey: Minho Jung, Jinhyun Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):144-156. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21239

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the influence of social capital on the depression of older adults living in rural areas.
Methods
Data sets were obtained from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. The participants were 39,390 older adults over 65 years old living in rural areas. Indicators of social capital included trust, reciprocity, network, and social participation. Depression—the dependent variable—was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Hierarchical ordinal logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with depression after adjusting the data numbers to 102,601 by applying the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE).
Results
The independent variables—indicators of social capital—exhibited significant association with the depression of older adults. The odds ratios of depression were higher in groups without social capital variables.
Conclusion
To reduce depression, we recommend increasing social capital. Factors identified in this study need to be considered in older adult depression intervention programs and policies.

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The Effects of Perceived Stress on Depression among Middle-aged Adults with Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Exploring the Mediating Role of Social Capital through a Descriptive Correlational Study
Kyung Ae Kim, Mi Ran Bang
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2025; 37(1): 50. CrossRef
An Observational Study on the Association Between Nutritional Intake and Mental Health Among Older Adults in Rural Areas
Kyeongmin Jang
Nursing & Health Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Modelo de regresión ordinal para pronóstico de la depresión en el adulto mayor peruano
Lilian Roxana Paredes López
UCV Hacer.2025; 14(2): 32. CrossRef
Moderating effects of social capital on the relationship between fear of falling and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults
Yeong-Mi Seo, Eun Sook Lee
Archives of Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prediction model of weight control experience in men with obesity in their 30 s and 40 s using decision tree analysis
Myeunghee Han
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship between human capital and depression among middle-aged rural adults: The multiple-parallel mediating effects of social capital
Soo Mi Jang, Hyung Mi Ha
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2023; 40(1): 33. CrossRef

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A Prediction Model of Exercise Level in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: Moon Ja Kim, Eun Nam Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):157-172. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21238

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to construct and test a hypothetical model to explain the predictive factors and causal pathways for exercise levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis based on the self-determination theory. A conceptual framework was constructed assuming that autonomy support by health care providers would satisfy the three basic psychological needs of patients, which would increase their autonomous motivation for exercise, resulting in its initiation and continuation.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 221 patients with ankylosing spondylitis who were visiting rheumatology clinics in two tertiary hospitals. Health Care Climate Questionnaire-exercise regularly, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction scale, Behavior Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2, and exercise level were used to collect data.
Results
The fitness of the hypothetical model met the recommended level (χ2/df ≤ 3, SRMR ≤ .08, RMSEA ≤ .08, GFI ≥ .90, AGFI ≥ .85, NFI ≥ .90, TLI ≥ .90, CFI ≥ .90). The model effect analysis revealed that autonomy support by health care providers had a positive effect on patients' autonomy, competence, relatedness, autonomous motivation, and exercise level. Competence and relatedness had positive effects on autonomous motivation and exercise level, respectively. Autonomous motivation had a positive effect on exercise level.
Conclusion
The predictive factors of exercise level in patients with ankylosing spondylitis were autonomous motivation, health care providers' autonomy support, competence, and relatedness. Considering these factors, we recommend the development of an effective program for improving exercise levels in these patients.

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A Structural Equation Model for Low Back Pain Management Behavior in Patients With Spinal Disease
Raewan Kim, Aekyung Kim
Pain Management Nursing.2025; 26(1): e107. CrossRef
Exercise and adults with hemophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Doo Young Kim, Mi Yang Jeon, Young Eun, Da In Jeong
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(1): 1. CrossRef

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Development of a Diabetic Foot Ulceration Prediction Model and Nomogram: Eun Joo Lee, Ihn Sook Jeong, Seung Hun Woo, Hyuk Jae Jung, Eun Jin Han, Chang Wan Kang, Sookyung Hyun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(3):280-293. Published online June 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20257

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) to develop and evaluate the performance of a DFU prediction model and nomogram among people with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods
This unmatched case-control study was conducted with 379 adult patients (118 patients with DM and 261 controls) from four general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, foot examination, and review of patients’ electronic health records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to build the DFU prediction model and nomogram. Further, their performance was analyzed using the Lemeshow–Hosmer test, concordance statistic (C-statistic), and sensitivity/specificity analyses in training and test samples.
Results
The prediction model was based on risk factors including previous foot ulcer or amputation, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, current smoking, and chronic kidney disease. The calibration of the DFU nomogram was appropriate (χ² = 5.85, p = .321). The C-statistic of the DFU nomogram was .95 (95% confidence interval .93~.97) for both the training and test samples. For clinical usefulness, the sensitivity and specificity obtained were 88.5% and 85.7%, respectively at 110 points in the training sample. The performance of the nomogram was better in male patients or those having DM for more than 10 years.
Conclusion
The nomogram of the DFU prediction model shows good performance, and is thereby recommended for monitoring the risk of DFU and preventing the occurrence of DFU in people with DM.

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Nomogram for Predicting the Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sook Kyoung Park, Hye Young Kim, Hyuk Joon Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(4): 421. CrossRef
A Simple Nomogram for Predicting Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Youn-Jung Lee, Hee Jung Jang
Healthcare.2023; 11(23): 3015. CrossRef
Establishment of a Nomogram Model for Predicting Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis
Xiaobing Liu, Caili Yan, Xiuxiu Niu, Jiechun Zeng, Fahd Abd Algalil
Applied Bionics and Biomechanics.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Prognostic factors in diabetes: Comparison of Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) decision tree technology and logistic regression
Hae-Young Choi, Eun-Yeob Kim, Jaeyoung Kim
Medicine.2022; 101(42): e31343. CrossRef

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Comparison of the Prediction Model of Adolescents’ Suicide Attempt Using Logistic Regression and Decision Tree: Secondary Data Analysis of the 2019 Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey: Yoonju Lee, Heejin Kim, Yesul Lee, Hyesun Jeong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):40-53. Published online February 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20207

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and compare the prediction model for suicide attempts by Korean adolescents using logistic regression and decision tree analysis. Methods: This study utilized secondary data drawn from the 2019 Youth Health Risk Behavior web-based survey. A total of 20 items were selected as the explanatory variables (5 of sociodemographic characteristics, 10 of health-related behaviors, and 5 of psychosocial characteristics). For data analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression with complex samples and decision tree analysis were performed using IBM SPSS ver. 25.0 and Stata ver. 16.0.
Results
A total of 1,731 participants (3.0%) out of 57,303 responded that they had attempted suicide. The most significant predictors of suicide attempts as determined using the logistic regression model were experience of sadness and hopelessness, substance abuse, and violent victimization. Girls who have experience of sadness and hopelessness, and experience of substance abuse have been identified as the most vulnerable group in suicide attempts in the decision tree model.
Conclusion
Experiences of sadness and hopelessness, experiences of substance abuse, and experiences of violent victimization are the common major predictors of suicide attempts in both logistic regression and decision tree models, and the predict rates of both models were similar. We suggest to provide programs considering combination of high-risk predictors for adolescents to prevent suicide attempt.

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Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation in Female Adolescents With Smartphone Overdependence
Hyeongyeong Yoon
Journal of Pediatric Health Care.2025; 39(2): 225. CrossRef
Public discourse on substance use behavior as a driver of public policy: a scoping review of South Korean academic and official literature
Meekang Sung, Jihye Han, Carrie G. Wade, Vaughan W. Rees
Addiction Research & Theory.2025; 33(4): 312. CrossRef
Risk prediction models for adolescent suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ruitong Li, Yuchuan Yue, Xujie Gu, Lingling Xiong, Meiqi Luo, Ling Li
Psychiatry Research.2025; 347: 116405. CrossRef
Predictive Performance of Machine Learning for Suicide in Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Lingjiang Liu, Zhiyuan Li, Yaxin Hu, Chunyou Li, Shuhan He, Shibei Zhang, Jie Gao, Huaiyi Zhu, Guoping Huang
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2025; 27: e73052. CrossRef
The use of machine learning on administrative and survey data to predict suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a systematic review
Nibene H. Somé, Pardis Noormohammadpour, Shannon Lange
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A prediction model for adolescents’ skipping breakfast using the CART algorithm for decision trees: 7th (2016–2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sun A Choi, Sung Suk Chung, Jeong Ok Rho
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(3): 300. CrossRef
Development of Prediction Model for Suicide Attempts Using the Korean Youth Health Behavior Web-Based Survey in Korean Middle and High School Students
Younggeun Kim, Sung-Il Woo, Sang Woo Hahn, Yeon Jung Lee, Minjae Kim, Hyeonseo Jin, Jiyeon Kim, Jaeuk Hwang
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2023; 62(3): 95. CrossRef
Effects of Stress on Suicide Behavior among Adolescents: An Analysis of Online Survey Data on Youth Health Behavior Using Propensity Score Matching
Chung Hee Woo, Ju Young Park
Korean Journal of Stress Research.2021; 29(3): 199. CrossRef

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Original Articles

External Validation of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Acquisition Risk Prediction Model in a Medium Sized Hospital: Su Min Seo, Ihn Sook Jeong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):621-630. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20137

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was aimed to evaluate the external validity of a carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) acquisition risk prediction model (the CREP-model) in a medium-sized hospital.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 613 patients (CRE group: 69, no-CRE group: 544) admitted to the intensive care units of a 453-beds secondary referral general hospital from March 1, 2017 to September 30, 2019 in South Korea. The performance of the CREP-model was analyzed with calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness.
Results
The results showed that those higher in age had lower presence of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs), cephalosporin use ≥ 15 days, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score ≥ 21 points, and lower CRE acquisition rates than those of CREP-model development subjects. The calibration-in-the-large was 0.12 (95% CI: - 0.16~0.39), while the calibration slope was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.63~1.12), and the concordance statistic was .71 (95% CI: .63~.78). At the predicted risk of .10, the sensitivity, specificity, and correct classification rates were 43.5%, 84.2%, and 79.6%, respectively. The net true positive according to the CREP-model were 3 per 100 subjects. After adjusting the predictors’ cutting points, the concordance statistic increased to .84 (95% CI: .79~.89), and the sensitivity and net true positive was improved to 75.4%. and 6 per 100 subjects, respectively.
Conclusion
The CREP-model’s discrimination and clinical usefulness are low in a medium sized general hospital but are improved after adjusting for the predictors. Therefore, we suggest that institutions should only use the CREP-model after assessing the distribution of the predictors and adjusting their cutting points.

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Risk factors for the colonization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in patients transferred to a small/medium-size hospital in Korea: a retrospective study
Misun Lee, Hyunjung Kim
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(4): 285. CrossRef
Improving the Rapidity and Accuracy of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Detection by Shortening the Enrichment Duration
Miyoung Lee
Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters.2022; 50(4): 584. CrossRef
Validation Study of the Estimated Glycemic Load Model Using Commercially Available Fast Foods
Miran Lee, Haejin Kang, Sang-Jin Chung, Kisun Nam, Yoo Kyoung Park
Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a Nomogram for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Acquisition Risk Prediction Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit of a Secondary Referral Hospital
Su Min Seo, Ihn Sook Jeong, Ju Yeoun Song, Sangjin Lee
Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(3): 174. CrossRef

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Scale Development and Model Validation for the Process of Exercise Engagement for People with Prediabetes: Shu-Chuan Chang, Hsiu-Chen Yeh, Yu-Lun Kuo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):298-312. Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.298

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study had two objectives: 1) to develop a scale for the process of exercise engagement (SPEE) for prediabetic individuals (PDIs); 2) to validate a structural model for the process of exercise engagement for PDIs.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey with simple random sampling was conducted from September 2013 to December 2015 (in Taiwan). A total of 310 PDIs were enrolled for scale development and model validation via item analysis, factor analyses, and structural equation modeling. The Kuo model was used as the basis for developing the Chinese version of the SPEE for PDIs.
Results
The SPEE contains five subscales with a total of twenty-one items that account for 54.9% to 65.9% of the total variance explained for assessing participants’ process of engagement during exercise. For Kuo model validation, the model measures indicated goodness of fit between the Kuo model and sample data. Analysis further revealed a direct effect between the creating health blueprints (CHB) stage and the spontaneous regular exercise (SRE) stage (b=.60).
Conclusion
The SPEE includes five subscales for assessing the psychological transition and behavioral expression at each stage of the process of exercise engagement for PDIs. The SPEE for people with prediabetes provides deeper insights into the factors of behavioral change stages that are required to initiate long-term health care outcomes and avoid developing diabetes. These insights are significant as they allow for patient- specific mapping and behavior modification to effect exercise.

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Prediyabet hastalarında egzersiz katılım süreci ölçeği geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışması
Melek Öztürk, Tülay Ortabağ
Health Care Academician Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prediyabetli hastalarda Egzersiz Yarar/Engel Ölçeği Türkçe versiyonunun güvenirliği ve geçerliliği
Tülay ORTABAĞ, Melek ÖZTÜRK
Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation.2023; 10(2): 147. CrossRef
The COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge and Attitude Scale: A Methodological Study
Kemal Elyeli, Hatice Bebiş
Cyprus Journal of Medical Sciences.2022; 7(3): 312. CrossRef

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Prediction Models of Mild Cognitive Impairment Using the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing: Hyojin Park, Juyoung Ha; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):191-199. Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.191

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare sociodemographic characteristics of a normal cognitive group and mild cognitive impairment group, and establish prediction models of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).
Methods
This study was a secondary data analysis research using data from “the 4th Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing” of the Korea Employment Information Service. A total of 6,405 individuals, including 1,329 individuals with MCI and 5,076 individuals with normal cognitive abilities, were part of the study. Based on the panel survey items, the research used 28 variables. The methods of analysis included a c2-test, logistic regression analysis, decision tree analysis, predicted error rate, and an ROC curve calculated using SPSS 23.0 and SAS 13.2.
Results
In the MCI group, the mean age was 71.4 and 65.8% of the participants was women. There were statistically significant differences in gender, age, and education in both groups. Predictors of MCI determined by using a logistic regression analysis were gender, age, education, instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), perceived health status, participation group, cultural activities, and life satisfaction. Decision tree analysis of predictors of MCI identified education, age, life satisfaction, and IADL as predictors.
Conclusion
The accuracy of logistic regression model for MCI is slightly higher than that of decision tree model. The implementation of the prediction model for MCI established in this study may be utilized to identify middle-aged and elderly people with risks of MCI. Therefore, this study may contribute to the prevention and reduction of dementia.

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Nomogram for predicting changes in cognitive function in community dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment based on Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing Panel Data: a retrospective study
Hyuk Joon Kim, Hye Young Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(1): 50. CrossRef
Development of a neural network-based risk prediction model for mild cognitive impairment in older adults with functional disability
Deyan Liu, Yuge Tian, Min Liu, Shangjian Yang
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Understanding Cognitive Trajectories in Middle-Aged and Older Cancer Survivors: An Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging
Mi Sook Jung, Munkyung Park, Kyeongin Cha, Xirong Cui, Nondumiso Satiso Dlamini, Ah Rim Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(4): 507. CrossRef
Cognitive Dysfunction Prediction Model with Lifelog Dataset based on Random Forest and SHAP
Myeongjin Lee, Jongun Lee, Hanjun Lee
The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology.2024; 22(1): 1. CrossRef
Sociodemographic Factors Predict Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Brief Review and Empirical Study
Shuyi Jin, Chenxi Li, Jiani Miao, Jingyi Sun, Zhenqing Yang, Xingqi Cao, Kaili Sun, Xiaoting Liu, Lina Ma, Xin Xu, Zuyun Liu
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.2023; 24(12): 1959. CrossRef
Characteristics and Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline of Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Eul Hee Roh
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(3): 179. CrossRef
Detection and Intervention of Subjective Cognitive Decline in Pre-Alzheimer’s Disease
雅红何
International Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology.2022; 11(04): 65. CrossRef
Influencing Factors of Subjective Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Min Roh, Hyunju Dan, Oksoo Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11488. CrossRef

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The Structural Analysis of Variables Related to Posttraumatic Growth among Psychiatric Nurses: Hyun Ju Yeo, Hyun Suk Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):26-38. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.26

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explain a structural model of posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses based on existing models and a literature review and verify its effectiveness.

Methods:

Data were collected from psychiatric nurses in one special city, four metropolitan cities, and three regional cities from February to March 2016. Exogenous variables included hardiness and distress perception, while endogenous variables included self-disclosure, social support, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic growth. Data from 489 psychiatric nurses were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 and AMOS 20.0.

Results:

The modified model was a good fit for the data. Tests on significance of the pathways of the modified model showed that nine of the 14 paths were supported, and the explanatory power of posttraumatic growth by included variables in the model was 69.2%. For posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses, deliberate rumination had a direct effect as the variable that had the largest influence. Indirect effects were found in the order of hardiness, social support, and distress perception. Self-disclosure showed both direct and indirect effects.

Conclusion

A strategy to improve deliberate rumination is necessary when seeking to improve posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses. Enhancing psychiatric nurses’ hardiness before trauma would enable them to actively express negative emotions after trauma, allowing them to receive more social support. This would improve deliberate rumination and consequently help promote psychological growth among psychiatric nurses who have experienced trauma.

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A Structural Equation Model for Happiness in Mothers with Young Children: Mijung Yeom, Soo Yang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):241-253. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.241

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop and test a model of the happiness of mothers with young children based on the stress-coping-adaptation model of Lazarus and Folkman.

Methods

The data collection period was from May to July 2016. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 210 mothers with children under 5 years of age living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon provinces. The exogenous variable was parenting stress, and the endogenous variables were parenting alliance, depression, optimism, ways of coping, and happiness. Data from 201 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling.

Results

The final modified model showed a reasonable fit to the data, and out of 25 paths, 13 were statistically significant. This model explained 78.4% of the variance in the happiness of mothers with young children and confirmed that depression, optimism, parenting alliance, and social support-focused coping have a direct effect on the subject's happiness. Parenting stress also influenced happiness through parenting alliance, depression, and optimism.

Conclusion

In order to bolster the happiness of mothers with young children, positive psychological interventions that can minimize psychological vulnerabilities, such as depression, and that can enhance their strengths, such as optimism, may serve as effective ways of coping with and adapting to stress.

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Testing a Model to Predict Problem Gambling in Speculative Game Users: Hyangjin Park, Suk-Sun Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(2):195-207. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.2.195

Abstract PDF: Abstract Purpose
The purpose of the study was to develop and test a model for predicting problem gambling in speculative game users based on Blaszczynski and Nower's pathways model of problem and pathological gambling.
Methods
The participants were 262 speculative game users recruited from seven speculative gambling places located in Seoul, Gangwon, and Gyeonggi, Korea. They completed a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of problem gambling, negative emotions, attentional impulsivity, motor impulsivity, non-planning impulsivity, gambler's fallacy, and gambling self-efficacy. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized model and to examine the direct and indirect effects on problem gambling in speculative game users using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs.
Results
The hypothetical research model provided a reasonable fit to the data. Negative emotions, motor impulsivity, gambler's fallacy, and gambling self-efficacy had direct effects on problem gambling in speculative game users, while indirect effects were reported for negative emotions, motor impulsivity, and gambler's fallacy. These predictors explained 75.2% problem gambling in speculative game users.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that developing intervention programs to reduce negative emotions, motor impulsivity, and gambler's fallacy, and to increase gambling self-efficacy in speculative game users are needed to prevent their problem gambling.

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Structural Equation Model of Health-Related Quality of Life in School Age Children with Asthma: Yunsoo Kim, Ho Ran Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):96-108. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.96

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to construct and test a hypothetical model of the quality of life of school-age children with asthma based on the health-related quality of life model by Wilson and Cleary.

Methods

Data were collected from 205 pairs of pediatric outpatients diagnosed with asthma and their parents in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do from July 2016 to April 2017. The exogenous variables were asthma knowledge, number of accompanying allergic diseases, and social support. The endogenous variables were asthma self-efficacy, asthma symptom control, perceived health status, parental quality of life, and children's quality of life. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed.

Results

Eighteen of the twenty-four hypotheses selected for the hypothetical model were attentive and supported statistically. Quality of life was explained by asthma self-efficacy, asthma symptom control, perceived health, parental quality of life, and asthma knowledge with 83.5%.

Conclusion

Strategies for promoting self-efficacy and enforcing asthma knowledge will be helpful for the improvement of health-related quality of life with school-aged asthmatic children.

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(10): 3578. CrossRef

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A Structural Model for Premenstrual Coping in University Students: Based on Biopsychosocial Model: Myung-Ock Chae, Hae Ok Jeon, Ahrin Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(2):257-266. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.257

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aims of this study were to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains premenstrual coping in university students and to test the fitness with collected data.

Methods

Participants were 206 unmarried women university students from 3 universities in A and B cities. Data were collected from March 29 until April 30, 2016 using self-report structured questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 18.0.

Results

Physiological factor was identified as a significant predictor of premenstrual syndrome (t=6.45, p<.001). This model explained 22.1% of the variance in premenstrual syndrome. Psychological factors (t=-2.49, p=.013) and premenstrual syndrome (t=8.17, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of premenstrual coping. Also this model explained 30.9% of the variance in premenstrual coping in university students. A physiological factors directly influenced premenstrual syndrome (β=.41, p=.012). Premenstrual syndrome (β=.55, p=.005) and physiological factor (β=.23, p=.015) had significant total effects on premenstrual coping. Physiological factor did not have a direct influence on premenstrual coping, but indirectly affected it (β=.22, p=.007). Psychological factors did not have an indirect or total effect on premenstrual coping, but directly affected it (β=-.17, p=.036).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that strategies to control physiological factors such as menstrual pain should be helpful to improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms. When developing a program to improve premenstrual coping ability and quality of menstrual related health, it is important to consider psychological factors including perceived stress and menstrual attitude and premenstrual syndrome.

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Özlem Akın, Nülüfer Erbil
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Su Jeong Yi, Miok Kim, Ina Park
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Hye Jin Kim, So Young Choi, Haeyoung Min
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 423. CrossRef

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Conceptual Model for Women's Health: Kyung Hye Lee; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):933-942. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.933

Abstract PDF

There has recently been an increased interest in women's health from, various disciplines, with different perspectives presented according to each profession's academic background. This has led to many instances of incorrectly defining, or misinterpretation, of the issues even among professionals. Nurse scholars as well as practitioners who work in women's health care need to have a clear conceptual understanding of women's health in order to build a body of knowledge, delineate curricular activities, and set directions for professional nursing interventions. In addition, a conceptual model that may be directly utilized in practice is needed to maintain and promote women's health issues. The purpose of this study was to apply a Hybrid model, analyzing conceptual definitions and discussions related to women's health gathered from review of the literature. Further to compare analyticals the concepts and properties observed from field work, so as to present a final definition of women's health and, build a conceptual framework for a united comprehensive perspective on the concept as well as on nursing practice. Data collection and analysis consisted of a theoretical stage, field work stage, and final analysis. a heterogeneous group of professionals and lay persons, 39 in all, participated in the field work. Study findings include several subconcepts under the concept of women's health : a women's whole life, holistic health, quality of life, awareness of being a woman, individual nursing, self care ability, reproductive health, and family health. Thus, a comprehensive definition was built, i. e., "Women's health care be defined as improvement in the quality of life of women through attainment of holistic health throughout the life span. With reproductive health at the core, the concept is directly related to family and national health, and includes taking care of one's own health based on awareness of being a woman and utilizing self care activities. Women's health care issues are unique and allow various responses, therefore women's health professionals need to apply individual approaches to reach solutions in attaining holistic health and improving quality of life." The constructual factors of women's health were found to be reproductive functions, diseases more common in woman, self actualization, mental health, women's health policies, sexuality, midlife changes, and marital relations, with each factor having more than three properties. Positive factors affecting women's health were found to be a normal childbearing process, a healthy lifestyle, active health management, health information, support and resources, and interpersonal relationships Negative factors were found to be overwhelming role stress, cultural oppression, gender inequality, distorted sexual identity, economic difficulties, misuse and/or abuse of substances, and stress. The model of women's health may be visualized as a balance scale set upon a woman's life, supporting 4 concentric circles. The innermost circle and second circle incorporate conceptual definitions of women's health, and the outer two circles represent the constructional factors and properties of women's health. Each circle has its own color that symbolizes the conceptual meaning. Positive and negative factors are represented as weights at either end of the scale, and are affected by nursing intervention, i. e., health and wellness increase when positive factors are stronger, whereas disease and illness increase when negative factors are stronger. This model is only a preliminary effort and requires much discussion and testing to be further developed. Continuous research is also required.

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Association of Participation in Health Check-ups with Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases
Bok Hyun Park, Byung-Kook Lee, Jaeouk Ahn, Nam-Soo Kim, Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
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A Structural Model for Health Promotion and Quality of Life in People with Cancer: Pok Ja Oh; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(3):632-652. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.3.632

Abstract PDF

It has been noted that a genetic alteration of cells influenced by unhealthy lifestyle in addition to a series of other carcinogens increases the incidence of various neoplasmic diseases. Therefore the importance of a lifestyle that minimizes such an impact on health should be emphasized. Since stomach cancer, the most common neoplasmic disease in Korea, is related to personal lifestyle and as there is a possibility of its recurrence, patients with stomach cancer need to lead a healthy lifestyle. Also the quality of life which patients experience is negatively affected by the side effects of treatments and the possibility of recurrence. Therefore an effective nursing intervention to enhance quality of life and encourage healthy lifestyle is needed. The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for nursing intervention strategies to promote health and thus enhance quality of life. A hypothetical model for this purpose was constructed based on Pender's Health Promotion Model and Becker's Health Belief Model, with the inclusion of some influential factors such as hope for quality of life and health promoting behavior. The aims of study were to: 1) evaluate the effectiveness of patient's cognitive-perceptual factors on health promoting behaviors and quality of life; 2) examine the causal relationships among perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceived susceptibility and severity, internal locus of control, perceived health status, hope, health concept, self efficacy, self esteem, health promoting behaviors and quality of life; 3) build and test a global hypothetical model. The subjects for this study were 164 patients who were being treated for stomach cancer were approached in the outpatient clinic on a University Hospital. The data from the completed questionnaires were analyzed using Linear Structural Relationships (LISREL). The results of research are as follows: 1) Hypothetical model and the modified model showed a good fit to the empirical data, revealing considerable explanational power for health promoting behaviors(54.9%) and quality of life(87.6%) 2) Self efficacy and hope had significant effects on health promoting behaviors. Of these, hope was affected indirectly through self efficacy and self esteem. 3) Perceived health status, hope and self esteem had significant direct effect on the quality of life. Of these variables, perceived health status was the most essential factor affecting general satisfaction in life. 4) Self-efficacy, as a mediating variable, was positively affected by perceived benifit and hope. 5) Self-esteem, as a mediating variable, was positively affected by perceived health status and hope. 6) Hope was the main variable affecting self efficacy, self esteem, health promoting behaviors and quality of life. The derived model in this study could effectively be used as a reference model for further study and could suggests a direction for nursing practices.

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Determinants of Health Promoting Behavior of Middle Aged Women in Korea: Sook Ja Lee, Eun Sook Park, Young Joo Park; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(2):320-336. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.2.320

Abstract PDF: Health promoting behaviors of an individual are affected by various variables. Recently, there has been a growing concern over important health problems of the middle aged women. Physiological changes in the middle aged women and their responsibility for family care can result in physical and psychological burden experienced by middle aged women. This study was designed to test Pender's model and thus purpose a model that explains health promoting behaviors among middle-aged women in Korea. The hypothetical model was developed based on the Pender's health promoting model and the findings from past studies on women's health. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 863 women living in Seoul, between 20th, April and 15th, July 1995. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) modeling process was used to find the best fit model which assumes causal relationships among variables. The results are as follows; 1. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good expect chi -square value (GFI=.96, AGFI=.91, RMR=.04). 2. Paths of the model were modified by considering both its theoretical implication and statistical significance of the parameter estimates. Compared to the hypothetical model, the revised model has become parsimonious and had a better fit to the data expect chi-square value (GFI=. 95, AFGI=.92, RMR=.04). 3. Some of modifying factors, especially age, occupation, educational levels and body mass index (BMI) are revealed significant effects on health promoting behaviors. 4. Some of cognitive -perceptual factors, especially internal health locus of control, self-efficacy and perceptive health status are revealed significant effects on health promoting behaviors. 5. All predictive variables of health promoting behaviors, especially age, occupation, educational levels, body mass index(BMI), internal health locus of control, self-efficacy and perceptive health status are explained 20.0% of the total variance in the model.

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Concept Analysis and Development of Suffering -Application of Hybrid Model Method: Kyung Ah Kang; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(2):290-303. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.2.290

Abstract PDF

There is a need to define the concept of suffering more appropriate in the context of Korean culture. This research is an attempt to analyze and develop the concept of suffering by applying the Hybrid Model suggested by Schwartz -Barcott and Kim. The data were collected from March 20, 1995 to September 17,1995. The subjects of the study were eight persons including in-patients and out-patients of a general hospital who were diagnosed as having cancer and those resting in sanatoria for natural treatment of cancer. Qualitative research methods of in-depth interview and participant observation were used for data collection. The contents of the interviews were recorded on tape. Data-analysis progressed according to the 3 phases suggested by the Hybrid Model. For each case, in-depth interview data and participant observation data were included and the attributes of suffering revealed in these data were analyzed. Finally, by summarizing the results from each case, the attributes of suffering, its dimensions, definition, and processes observed in the field were suggested. According to the results of the study, the following new definition of suffering is suggested: Suffering is a fundamental and inevitable experience of all human beings. When each individual experiences loss, damage, and pain which threaten one's personal integrity, suffering is perceived differently among each individual depending on their personal inner factors, one's significant others, exterior circumstances and stimuli, and the ultimate meaning of life. Suffering brings severe and unendurable distress which accompany despair, powerlessness, anxiety, bitterness, fear, anguish, guilt, depression, withdrawal and anger. The results of this study suggest that the more responsibility and burden a cancer patient felt, the more suffering she/he experienced and it tended to be more relevant to one's significant others and exterior circumstances and stimuli; the less responsibility and burden a cancer patient had, the less suffering she/he experienced and it tended to be related to one's inner factors. These findings have implications for nursing profession. When caring for patients who experience suffering, nurses need to consider the influence of responsibility, burden, and each dimension of suffering. Moreover, appropriate nursing interventions aimed at relieving pain and satisfying the spiritual need of patients experiencing loss need to be developed and implemented more widely.

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Eun Joung Choi, Hyun Mee Cho, Eun Ju Cho, Minkyung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2020; 29(3): 218. CrossRef
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A Predictive Model Comparison by Sex for Alcohol Consumption Behavior among Korea University Students: Myung Sook Choi, Mee Young Im, Young Mi Yoon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(1):77-88. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.1.77

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was designed to develope and test the structural model that explains alcohol consumption behaviors among university students in Republic of Korea. The hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of the literature review and Pender's Health promotion model. Data was collected from questionnaires from 512 university students in Republic of Korea, from August to September, 2000. The reliability of instruments was adequate (Cronbach's alpha= .69-.90). Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and LISREL 8.13 program for covariance structural analysis. The results are as follows;1. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate. Thus it was modified by male and female models.2. The revised model has become parsimonious and had a better fit to the empirical data (male: x2=87.21 p=.00, GFI=.97, AGFI= .94, NFI=.99, NNFI=1.0, CN=619.17, female: x2=49.29 p=.31, GFI=.45, AGFI= .95, NFI=.99, NNFI=1.0, CN=370.02).3. Self-efficacy was most significant factor and personality of novelty seeking, reward compensation, alcohol expectancy and drinking attitude have significant effects on male alcohol consumption behavior. 4. Personality of novelty seeking was most significant factor and personality of harm avoidance, friend influence, self-efficacies, alcohol expectancy and drinking attitude have significant effects on female alcohol consumption behavior.

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Construct a Structural Model for Health Promoting Behavior of Chronic Illness: Sook Ja Lee, So In Kim, Pyoung Sook Lee, Soon Yong Khim, Eun Sook Park, Young Joo Park, Ho Shin Ryu, Sung Ok Chang, Kuem Sun Han; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(1):62-76. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.1.62

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for health promoting behavior of patients with chronic disease. The hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review and Pender's health promotion model.
METHOD
Data was collected by questionnaires from 1748 patients with chronic disease in General Hospital from December 1999 to July 2000 in Seoul. The disease of subject were cardiac disease included hypertension peptic ulcer, pulmonary disease included COPD and asthma, DM, and chronic kidney disease. Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8.13 Program for Covariance structural analysis.
RESULTS
1. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, it was modified by excluding 4 path and including free parameters to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data (x2=591.83, p<.0001, GFI=0.97, AGFI= 0.94, NNFI=0.95, RMSR=0.01, RMSEA=0.05). 2. The perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the plan for action were found to have significant direct effect on health promoting behavior of chronic disease. 3. The health concept, health perception, emotional state, social support were found to have indirect effects on health promoting behavior of chronic disease.
CONCLUSION
The derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting health promoting behavior of patients with chronic disease. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested implication in nursing practice.

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The intervention effects of the Clean Diet program on the health promotion attitudes and the physiological indices of an elderly
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A Predictive Model of Health Promotion Behavior in Obese School-Age Children
Mi Suk Jeon, Hyeon-Ok Kim
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Kyung Rim Shin, Younhee Kang, Hyo Jung Park, Myoung Ok Cho, Margaret Heitkemper
Nursing Science Quarterly.2008; 21(2): 173. CrossRef
Exercise self-efficacy, exercise benefits and barriers, and commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
Yun Hee Shin, Hea Kung Hur, Nola J. Pender, Hee Jung Jang, Moon-Sil Kim
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2006; 43(1): 3. CrossRef
Test of the health promotion model as a causal model of commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean adults with chronic disease
YunHee Shin, SangKyun Yun, Nola J. Pender, HeeJung Jang
Research in Nursing & Health.2005; 28(2): 117. CrossRef

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Assessing Decisional Balance toward Mammography Screening in Korean Women: Young Joo Park, Sung Ok Chang, Hyun Cheol Kang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(7):1174-1180. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.7.1174

Abstract PDF

This cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the decisional balance of Korean women toward mammography screening. A sample of 1, 903 naturally postmenopausal women was selected from the community-based social groups in town or city hall auxiliaries in seven metropolitan areas and six provinces in Korea. The classification of women according to the stage of adoption of mammography was 54.9% in pre-contemplation, 31.9% in contemplation, 7.8% in action, and 5.5% in maintenance. The mean differences of pros, cons, and the decisional balance by the stage of mammography adoption were statistically significant. There were significant mean differences between the stages of adoption according to a woman's experience with and intention for mammography and the pros score, the cons score, and the decisional balance score. Results provide the empirical evidence for the Transtheoretical model. An association between stages of mammography adoption and decisional balance exists.

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Analyzing paths from online health information seeking to colorectal cancer screening using health literacy skills frame and cognitive mediation model
Seok Won Jin, Yeonggeul Lee, David A. Dia
Patient Education and Counseling.2019; 102(3): 416. CrossRef

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Korean Nursing Students' Experience of Ethical Problems and Use of Ethical Decision-Making Models: Sung Suk Han, Hyeoun Ae Park, Sung Hee Ahn, Miriam E Cameron, Hyo Sook Oh, Kyeong Uoon Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):846-857. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.846

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to study on 1) What is nursing students' experience of ethical problems involving nursing practice? 2) What is nursing students' experience of using ethical decision-making models?
METHOD
In order to answer these two questions, we selected 97 senior baccalaureate nursing students from two Korean universities using a conceptual framework and method of content analysis.
RESULT
From 97 ethical problems emerged five content categories, the largest being ethical problems involving health professionals (69%); the basic nature of the nursing students' experience of ethical problems consisted of conflict, resolution, and rationale; 94% of the students stated that using an ethical decision-making model was helpful.
CONCLUSION
Although additional research is needed, these findings have important implications for nursing ethics education and practice.

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Ja Hyun Shin, Seok Hee Jeong, Myung Ha Lee, Youngran Yang
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(2): 298. CrossRef
Korean Nursing Students’ Ethical Problems and Ethical Decision Making
Hyeoun-Ae Park, Miriam E Cameron, Sung-Suk Han, Sung-Hee Ahn, Hyo-Sook Oh, Kyeong-Uoon Kim
Nursing Ethics.2003; 10(6): 638. CrossRef
Legal and ethical issues: our best ethical and spiritual values
Miriam E Cameron
Journal of Professional Nursing.2003; 19(3): 117. CrossRef

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The Study on the Effect of Stage Based Exercise Motivational Intervention Program for the Elderly: Pyoung Sook Lee, Sung Ok Chang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):818-834. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.818

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study aims at confirming exercise effects on obesity, mobility, self-efficacy, process of change, and decisional component by stage based exercise motivational intervention program for the elderly. The stage based exercise intervention program was constructed based on Transtheoretical Model.
METHODS
The design of this study is nonequivalent control group with repeated measuring by quasi-experimental study. The subjects of this study, composing of experimental group of 32 and control group of 28 were selected at one institution for the aged in Seoul.
RESULTS
1) The body fat (weight, BMI and circumference of waist), of the intervention group was significantly decreased than the control group. 2) The mobility of the intervention group was not significantly increased than control group. 3) The self-efficacy, Pros, Process of Change for exercise of the intervention group was not significantly increased than the control group. 4) The Cons for exercise of intervention group was not significantly decreased than the control group.
CONCLUSION
The above result have informed us that a stage-based exercise motivational intervention program for the elderly has the effect of decreasing old persons' body fat and has value as an effective means of nursing for the elderly.

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A Structural Model for Health Promoting Behaviors in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disease: Young Joo Park, So In Kim, Pyoung Sook Lee, Soon Yong Khim, Sook Ja Lee, Eun Sook Park, Ho Shin Ryu, Sung Ok Chang, Kuem Sun Han; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(3):477-491. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.3.477

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. A hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 235 patients with chronic respiratory disease in a General Hospital in Seoul. Data analysis was done using SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and the PC-LISREL 8.13 Program for Covariance Structural Analysis. RESULT: The results are as follows : 1. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate. It was modified by excluding 2 path and including free parameters and 3 path to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data(X2=80.20, P=0.05, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.88, NNFI=0.95, NFI=0.96, RMSR=0.01, RMSEA =0.06). 2. The perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and a plan of action were found to have significant direct effects on the health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. 3. The health perception, self-esteem, and activity related to affect were found to have indirect effects on the health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. CONCLUSION: The modified model of this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested direction in nursing practice.

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A Predictive Model of Health Promotion Behavior in Obese School-Age Children
Mi Suk Jeon, Hyeon-Ok Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(2): 264. CrossRef
Exercise self-efficacy, exercise benefits and barriers, and commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
Yun Hee Shin, Hea Kung Hur, Nola J. Pender, Hee Jung Jang, Moon-Sil Kim
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2006; 43(1): 3. CrossRef
Test of the health promotion model as a causal model of commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean adults with chronic disease
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Using methodological triangulation for cultural verification of commitment to a plan for exercise scale among Korean adults with chronic diseases
YunHee Shin, Nola J. Pender, SangKyun Yun
Research in Nursing & Health.2003; 26(4): 312. CrossRef

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Public Health Nurses' Decision Making Models and Their Knowledge Structure: Hee Jung Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(2):328-339. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.2.328

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to describe decision making model of 180 public health nurses in Korea and their knowledge structure for decision making. The differences of decision making models by nurse's knowledge structure were also tested. Research concepts were measured using the instrument based on systemic and interpretive decision making approaches that were developed by Lauri & Salantera (1995). The results were as follows. 1. The public health nurses turned to, most commonly, a mixed practical-theoretical knowledge structure (45.9%), followed by practical knowledge (32%) and theoretical knowledge (22.1%). 2. The six different decision making models were identified. These were named for decision making theories and nursing process. These were client-oriented decision making, rule-oriented systemic decision making, wholistic and intuitive decision making, decision making depending on subjective view and experience, systemic decision making for defining problems, and hypotheticodeductive decision making for defining problems. 3. The public nurses who had practical and practical-theoretical knowledge structure and community health practitioner (CHP) retold that decision making depends on subjective view and experience. Also the public health nurses who had 5~19 years clinical experience represented hypothetico-deductive decision making for defining problems.

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A Structural Model Based on Pender's Model for Quality of Life of Chronic Gastric Disease: Eun Sook Park, So In Kim, Pyoung Sook Lee, Soon Yong Khim, Sook Ja Lee, Young Joo Park, Ho Shin Ryu, Sung Ok Chang, Kuem Sun Han; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(1):107-125. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.1.107

Abstract PDF

This study was designed to construct a structural model for quality of life of chronic gastric disease. The hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review and Pender's health promotion model. Data were collected by questionnaires from 459 patients with chronic gastric disease in a General Hospital from July 1999 to August 2000 in Seoul. Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8.13 Program for Covariance structural analysis. The results are as follows : 1. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 1 path and including free parameters and 2 path to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data (Chi2=934.87, p<.0001, GFI=0.88, AGFI=0.83, NNFI=0.86, RMSR =0.02, RMSEA=0.07). 2. The perceived barrier, health promoting behavior, self-efficacy, and self-esteem were found to have significant direct effects on the quality of life. 3. The health concept, health perception, emotional state, and social support were found to have indirect effects on quality of life of chronic gastric disease. In conclusion, the derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting quality of life of chronic gastric disease. Therefore it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested direction in nursing practice.

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Exercise self-efficacy, exercise benefits and barriers, and commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
Yun Hee Shin, Hea Kung Hur, Nola J. Pender, Hee Jung Jang, Moon-Sil Kim
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2006; 43(1): 3. CrossRef
Structural Model for Quality of Life of Patients With Chronic Cardiovascular Disease in Korea
Kuem Sun Han, Sook Ja Lee, Eun Sook Park, Young-Joo Park, Kang Hyun Cheol
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The Concept Analysis of Hope: Among Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Mi Soon Song, Eun Ok Lee, Young Sook Park, Yang Sook Hah, Young Sook Shim, Su Jeong Yu; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1279-1291. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1279

Abstract PDF

The main objectives of this study were to analyze the concept of hope, so to provide basic data to develop a valid instrument to measure hope, and to develop hope enhancing nursing intervention a program for cancer patients. The hybrid model approach was applied in three phases, the theoretical phase, the empirical phase, and the analytic phase. The study was developed on universal attributes explaining generalized hope and specific hope, which were revealed in a comprehensive review of the literature. In the empirical phase, eight cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were interviewed to reveal causes, motivation, and their resource of hope according to The Hope Assessment Guide (Farren, Herth, & Popovich, 1995). In the analytical phase, the results of the two previous stages of the study were compared. The results were as follows: In the theoretical phase, six dimensions of hope emerged; affective, cognitive, behavioral, affiliative, temporal and contextual dimension. The antecedent of hope was loss, crisis, uncertainity, and stress. The consequences were renewal, development of new methods, safety, peace and transcendental competence. In the empirical phase, these six dimensions emerged as theoretical phases were verified and specified as these descriptive terms: feeling, intention, expectation, activity, relation, future- orientation, reality and goal-setting. The antecedent factor of hope was occurrence or recurrence of cancer. The consequence of hope was ability to cope with real condition, feeling of safety and comfort, peace, development of new strategy and recovery of disease. The major content of hope in this phase was related to specific hope, but it was also influenced on by general hope. In the analytic phase, general and specific hope was renamed as trait and state hope. All attributes emerged at the empirical phases, and also emerged at the theoretical phase. However, cognitive and contextual dimensions were revised and specified. In conclusion, the concept of hope is divided into trait hope and state hope, and state hope is an anticipatory expectation that occurs at the time of a stressful stimulus, such as being diagnosed with cancer. Hope is a multidimensional dynamic energized mental state which has the dimensions of affective, cognitive, behavioral, affiliative, temporal and contextual. There should be further studies to develope the state and trait hope scale according to definition and attributes of hope investigated in this study. In addition, considering results of the empirical phase, the family is very a important factor as a resource of hope, so it is necessary to consider family in implementing a nursing intervention program to enhance hope.

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Symbols of Hope on Pediatric Oncology Ward: Children's Perspective Using Photovoice
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Factors related to Hope and Relationships between Hope, Physical Symptoms, Depressive Mood and Quality of Life in Young Adult and Prime-aged Patients with Hemodialysis
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Model Development a Womens' Health Care Center in the Community: Eun Hee Lee, Ae Young So, Sang Soon Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1195-1206. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1195

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to analyze womens' health problems using Green & Kreuter's 1991 PRECEDE model and to develop a model for a womens' health care center located in the community. The subjects were recruited from Wonju City. 1. The results showed that 23% of the sample population felt there was a need for a womens' health care center. The mean number of health problems was 3.1. The prevalence rate, was 44.4%, and the rate for an artificial abortion, was 36.4%. Also 30.5% did not have a health examination in the past year. Women using the hospital for medical care accounted for 45% of the sample, while 40% used the drugstore. The average score on the HPLP was 2.41, and this was influenced by self-efficacy, family support, sexual role, and health locus of control. There are a few educational programs in the city provided by the Wonju Health Center and by community health nurse practitioners. 2. The nursing center, as defined in North America, is a nurse-anchored system of primary health care delivery or neighborhood health center. Centers offer various services ranging from primary care to the more traditional such as education, health promotion, wellness screening, and coordination of services by advanced practice nurses. For examples in Sweden MCH centers provide total services for childbearing women and their families, sexual counseling and education for adolescents, and screening by midwives for cervical cancer. 3. The developed model combines purpose, target population, organization, and services, and is related to health resources. The purpose is primary health care and promotion of the quality of life. The target population can be grouped according to the life cycle, (premarriaged age group, the childbearing/child rearing age group, and middle aged and elderly women) and focuses on self-help. The organization of the center includes an advisory committee to plan and evaluate, and a health services team that will be multidisciplinary to provide health care, counseling education, and research. The model development suggested that a variety of women's health care centers are needed to insure adequate management of women's health. Follow-up research using PROCEED is needed to analyze health outcomes. Also a health nursing specialist system is required to develop health promotion, and improve the quality of life of women.

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Structural Model Of Delinquent Behavior Influencing by Media Violence: Hyun Sil Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(1):148-159. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.1.148

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to test the theoretical model designed to explain juvenile delinquency by media violence. Data were collected through questionnaire survey over a period of 3 months. Subjects served for this study consisted of 537 adolescents including 217 delinquent adolescents and 320 student adolescents in Korea, sampled from Korean student population and delinquent adolescent population confined in juvenile correctional institutions, using proportional stratified random sampling method. In this study, exogeneous variable was family dynamic environment and endogeneous variables were character of adolescent including need satisfaction/ frustration, sociability, antisocial personality tendency, complaints of psychosomatic symptoms and depressive trend, juvenile delinquent behavior and media violence themes including the extent of interest in and exposure and modelling impulsiveness and modelling to media violence themes. A total of 18 instruments were used to operationalized concepts in this model. A validation study indicated that internal consistencies for the 18 instruments which the researcher used were reliable. The one month test-retest correlation for these instruments ranged from 0.54 to 0.88. Statistical methods employed were descriptive statistics and covariance structural modelling. In summarized conclusion, it was found that media violence served as the most contributor to juvenile delinquency by direct effect of 0.64(t=10.18). That is, as the adolescents have to be the higher extent of interest in and exposure and modelling impulsiveness and modelling to media violence themes, they will show the more frequency of delinquent behavior. The single most powerful contributor by total effect of 0.73(t=7.90) (direct effect=0.19, indirect effect=0.54) to the development of delinquent behavior identified in this study was a construct defining family dynamic environment. That is, as the adolescents had to be more unstable family dynamic environment, they became more frustrated to their psychological need, and revealed the more maladaptive personality pattern, consequently they behaved the higher misconducts such as juvenile delinquency through media violence.

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Development of Structural Equation Model for Causal Relationships Among the Risk Factors of Arteriosclerosis: Hyun Soo Oh, Wha Sook Seo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(6):1192-1207. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.6.1192

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to clarify the dynamic relationships among risk factors of arteriosclerosis and to develop and examine a model which could explain this relationship clearly. Data were collected from medical records of 400 male clients who visited a university hospital located in Inchon for physical examinations, from May 1996 to December 1996. Data were analyzed using the LISREL (Linear Structural Relationship) 8 program. To test the fitness of the hypothesized model, chi-square, RMSR (root mean square residual), GFI (goodness of fit index), CN (critical number) and Q-plot were used. Most of the fitness measurements, except the chi-square showed that the hypothesized model complimented the real data. According to the results, there were trends that obesity and hyperlipidemia were prevalent in heavier smokers, higher alcohol intakers, and groups who excercised less. Also, hypertension was more prevalent in older age, higher alcohol intaker, and higher serum lipid level groups. In contrast to the hypothesis, alcohol intake did not significantly affect serum lipid levels. This might be due to the serum lipid measurements (total cholesterol and trigryceride) used in this study to estimate hyperlipidemia. The direct effect of smoking on hypertension was not significant. However, the total effect of smoking on the hypertension was significant since indirect effects of smoking on hypertension, such as obesity and hyperlipidemia, were significant. The total effect of obesity on hypertension was significant since the indirect effect of obesity on hypertension via hyperlipidemia was significant, although the direct effect of smoking on hypertension was not significant. The degree of explaining hyperlipidemia with smoking, exercise, and obesity was high (60%), however, the degree of explaining obesity with age, smoking, alcohol intake, and exercise was very low (7%). On the basis of these results, high risk factors of arteriosclerosis such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or obesity are either directly or indirectly correlated each other. Therefore, it is difficult to predict outcomes for increasing or decreasing the risk factors by simply modulating a factor. Smoking, alcohol, and exercise both directly and indirectly affected major risk factors of arteriosclerosis. Therefore, correcting these variables is required to decrease risk factors. Finally, the relationship among other risk factors which have been known to be related with arteriosclerosis (diet, stress or hereditary) should be clarified in further studies.

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Empathy In Informal Caregiving: Extension of A Concept from Professional Practice: Hae Jung Lee, Patricia F Brennan; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(5):1123-1133. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.5.1123

Abstract PDF

The concept of empathy was examined in the professional caregiving relationship and its application was extended to the context of informal caregiving. Using the Lazarus and Folkman model. the influence of empathy on the caregiver's experience in the caregiving relationship was illustrated. The effects of the caregiver's empathy on his/her own caregiving outcomes were investigated by examining the relationship between empathy and burnout experience and life satisfaction. Empathy increased emotional exhaustion while increased personal accomplishment and personalization. indicating conflicting relationship between empathy and burnout. This conflict relationship between empathy and burnout can be explained by suggesting the distinct roles of two dimensions of empathy: emotional and caregiving context and to examine the definite roles of two dimensions of empathy were suggested.

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Development of health Promotion Program for Individuals With Arthritis: Application of holistic Model: Hyun Soo Oh, Young Ran Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(2):314-327. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.2.314

Abstract PDF: In this study, domains, contents, and effects of pre-existed intervention programs for individuals with arthritis were meta-analyzed to develop arthritis health promotion program based on Holistic Model. The developed program includes strategies of cognition, environment, and behavior, and also generates positive changes in the physical, psychological, and social demensions. Then needs assessment on conveniently selected 153 women who visited a university hospital in Seoul or in Inchon are conducted to identify the objective domains of arthritis health promotion program. According to the study results, target health problems of the arthritis health promotion program were shown as pain, disability, depression, and role impediment in social domain. These objectives could be achieved by including the strategies of changing cognition, the strategies of changing behavior through learning the skill related to the health promoting behavior, and the strategies of changing environment in the health promotion program. That is, it is analyzed that the contents of program are not exclusive one another in physical, psychological, and social demensions, and also are not exclusive one another in aspect of cognition, behavior, and environment. The necessary methods to achieve the desired objectives for the developed arthritis health promotion program and evaluation subjects are as follows : (1) In the arthritis health promotion program, knowledge on management of arthritis, efficacy related to arthritis management, skill for pain management, skill for exercise, establishment of positive self-concept, enhancement of positive thinking, stress management, skill for problem solving, skill for setting goals, skill for requesting help, and skill for communication are all included. Through the improvement of all those strategies, intermediate objectives, such as "joint protection, and maintenance of pain management behavior", "maintenance of regular exercise", and "promotion of coping skill in psychosocial dimension" are achieved. (2) These intermediate objectives are also the methods for achieving objectives in next stage. It implies that through the intermediate objectives, the final objectives such as "minimization of physical symptoms and signs", "maximization of psychological function", and "maximization of role performance in social domain" could be achieved. Each of these final objectives reflects the different dimension of quality of life, respectively. When these objectives are achieved, the quality of life that client perceives is improved. Therefore, through evaluation of these final objectives, the level of achieving final outcome of arthritis health promotion such as quality of life is determined.

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Model Construction of Maternal Identity in Primigravida: Hae Won Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):510-518. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.510

Abstract PDF

It was assumed that the maternal identity in primigravida is one of the most attribute of the motherhood, that is not biological but cognitive phenomena, appears active process as intelligent human being. The purposes of this study were that the identification the cognitive structure and the influencing factors of the maternal identity in primigravida. Theoretical framework in this study, maternal identity in primigravida was constructed as a cognitive output, has the cognitive structure of cognitive output, has cognitive structure of cognitive-perceptual factor, cognitive-behavioral factor, and cognitive-emotional factor. Influencing factors of maternal identity was constructed as a cognitive input, which were pregnancy related perceptions(pregnancy intention, minor discomfort, value of motherhood), interpersonal relationship(relationship with mother, relationship with husband, relationship with social network), preparation to motherhood(maternal knowledge, antenatal, self care), and biological factor(gestation period). This study was to descriptive correlational research design, was done from the 3rd January to the 15th March 1996, and the research subjects were selected conveniently 226 the primigravida during the gestation period, data collection method was self reported questionnaire cross-sectionally. Descriptive data analysis was done SAS PC+, testing the hypothetical model was done by covariance structural analysis using LISREL 8.03 program. The result of the hypothesis testing, the value of motherhood(gamma=.650, T=4.26) the maternal knowledge(gamma=.137, T=2.030), the gestation period(gamma=.113, T-2.621), showed significant causal effect on the maternal identity in primigravida. In conclusion, the maternal identity in primigravida had interrelated cognitive structure consist of perceptual, behavior, and emotional factors. Significant causal factors influencing the maternal identity were value identified. It seems to contribute toward the understanding the characteristics of the maternal identity as a cognitive domains that has been regarded highly abstract concept, so has not been validated empirically.

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Concept Development of Resilience: Hyae Sung Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):403-413. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.403

Abstract PDF

The Resilience is described as the personal capacity which brings psychosocial comeback. The role of nursing is to do its best to rehabilitate patients and to explore the individual in order to promote patients psychosocial change. However, as the current nursing is heavily physical nursing oriented, the identity of the nursing would be lost. Therefore this researcher reviewed if the concept of resilience can be applied to the nursing after examining the concept of resilience by Documents and Fieldwork. The methodology of this research is Hybrid Model developed by Schwartz-Bracott and Kim for the concept development and analysis. The process and procedure consist of The Theoretical Phase, The Fieldwork Phase and The Final Analytical Phase in accordance with the Hybrid Model. The followings the summary of the Research. 1. The Concept of Resilience Finally Analyzed by Documents and Fieldwork. (1) The Redefinition of Resilience. The resilience is the latent psychological capacity which minimize the negative emotion and promote the adaptation under adversity. Resilience appears as cognitive, emotional and behavioral response in the course of changing from negative response to positive response through the interaction of the individual and the environments in a given time. Resilience changes and decreases according to time and situation and it can be nurtured. Resilience is the higher concept including hardiness, sense of coherence and self-strength which maintain the health under stress. (2) The Attribute of Resilience. The attribute of resilience was divided into psychological and social dimension. In psychological attributes, there are admission of reality of situation, denial of negative emotion, desire to live, responsibility, confidence, courage, hope, pursuit of positive meaning, identification and pursuit of goal, self-esteem, reception, spontaneity, planning, positiveness, will power, flexibility and creativity. In social attributes, there are a sense of belonging, perception of social support and active social relations. (3) The Process of Resilience. There are 4 resilience phases which were the process minimizing the possibility of the negative chain reactions under adversity, the process minimizing the negative emotion, under adversity, the process gaining the desire to live and the process exposing the active social relations. 2. The Application Possibility of Resilience Concept to Nursing. The resilience concept is the psychosoical capacity with which an individual manages adversity. As many nursing scientists have developed nursing theory based on this capacity and the identification of nursing has been established in this field, resilience is not the new conception in nursing. However, since resilience appears in the attributes related with the resilience process concretely, it would help a lot when nurses execute psychosocial nursing.

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A Model for Quality of Life of Family Caregivers with a Chronically Ill Patient: Eun Sook Park, Sook Ja Lee, Young Joo Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):344-357. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.344

Abstract PDF: This study was designed to construct a model that predicts the quality of life of family caregivers with a chronically ill patient. The hypothetical model wad developed based on the findings from past studies on quality of life and on the family with a chronically ill patients. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 200 family caregivers in Seoul and Kyung Gi-Do, from May 1 to July 21, 1997. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The Linear Structural Relationship(LISREL) modeling process was used to find the best fit model which predicts causal relationships among variables. The results are as follows: 1. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate [X2=31.54(df=23, p=.11), GFI=.96, AGFI=.91, RMR=.04]. 2. Paths of the model were modified by considering both its theoretical implication and the statistical significance of the parameter estimates. Compared to the hypothetical model, the revised model has become parsimonious and had a better fit to the data expect chi-square value(GFI=.95, AGFI=.91, RMR=.04). 3. Some of predictive factors, especially economic status, physical ability to perform daily-life activity, period after disease-onset, social support and fatigue revealed indirect effect on the quality of life of family caregivers with a chronically ill patient. 4. The factors, burden and role satisfaction revealed significant direct effects on the quality of life of family caregivers with a chronically ill patient. 5. All predictive variables of quality of life of family caregivers with a chronically ill patient, especially economic status, physical ability to perform daily-life activity, period after disease-onset, social support, fatigue, burden and role satisfaction explained 38.0% of the total variance in the model. In conclusion, the derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting quality of life of family caregivers with a chronically ill patient. Therefore it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggests direction in nursing practice.

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How People Understand Death: a Coorientational Look: Eun Ja Yeun, Hung Kyu Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):270-279. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.270

Abstract PDF

Since death is an extremely subjective and unique experience, if we take into account the lack of understanding about death due to the difficulty in methodology, it is very important to try to understand the subjectivity of death. In this respect, Q-methodology that explains and shows the respondents' subjectivity by objectifying his subjectivity is employed as a solution to the questions in this study. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide data on how medical personnel should treat their patients, when, it comes to death ; by finding out the opinions of those who are being treated, namely the patients, and those who are providing the treatment, namely the medical personnel. It also by examined the characteristics and relationships between these two groups on attitudes to death. The results of this study show that medical personnel have two(fate-recipient, reality-oriented) types of response and patients have three(religion-dependent, science-adherent, sardonist) types. Medical personnel saw patients as having three(life-attached, traditionalist, death-rejector) types of response and to patients saw medical personnel as having two(rationalist, humanist)types. The relationship between the above-mentioned types will be examined in a coorientation model, the subjectivity of the medical personnel and the patient toward death indicates a relatively high understanding between the two groups under the great proposition of 'death'. Therefore, in their relationship with people who are facing death, the provider of care, namely the medical personnel, should identify the subjectivity of the patient before approaching them. By doing this, they can minimize the conflicts they might experience in establishing a therapeutic relationship, reduce suffering, and help the patient in greeting a more comfortable death. Throughout the study, Q-methodology expands out understanding of coorientation model that has only been approached with R-methodology. This study confirmed Q's potentiality and its validity in human subjective matters.

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The Journal of Targeted at the general public for the Modeling of Well-dying Program Development
Kwang-Hwan Kim, Yong-Ha Kim, Sang-Yoon Ahn, Chong Hyung Lee, Moo-Sik Lee, Moon-Joon Kim, Arma Park, Hye-Jeong Hwang, Moon-Sook Shim, Hyeon-Dong Song
Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(8): 369. CrossRef
Attitudes of elderly Korean patients toward death and dying: an application of Q-methodology
Eunja Yeun
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2005; 42(8): 871. CrossRef

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Spirituality: Concept Analysis Based on Hybrid Model: Pok Ja Oh, Kyung Ah Kang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(4):709-720. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.4.709

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to obtain a clearer understanding of spirituality and examine the process of spirituality through defining the meaning and attributes of spirituality.

Method

Concept analysis was done in the three phases, theoretical phase, fieldwork phase, and analytical phase suggested in the Hybrid Model. Five people participated in the fieldwork phase.

Results

Spirituality is activated through self-awareness which occurs as spirit being activated through self-introspection, and through restoration of the relationship with Supreme Being. This interconnectedness with Supreme Being has an absolute impact on one's harmonious interconnectedness with self and neighbors, thus leads all the critical attributes of spirituality to be revealed. The core energy of this harmonious interconnectedness is love. When activated, it has a great impact on an individual as integrative energy, leads one to go beyond everyday experience as well as to have new perspectives, and to live a satisfactory life in every aspect.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that promotion of connectedness is the most important element in spiritual nursing interventions. The results can also be used effectively in developing spirituality assessment scales and theory.

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Farzaneh Barati, Homeira Khoddam, Mahnaz Modanloo
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The Effect of Hospice Patients' Pain, Anxiety, Depression, Perception of Dignity, and Spiritual Well-Being on their Attitudes toward Dignified Death
Yun Sil Ahn, Pok Ja Oh
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Proposing a conceptual framework of spiritual care competence for Chinese nurses
Yuling Cao, Wipada Kunaviktikul, Marcia Petrini, Acharaporn Sripusanapan
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F Khorashadizadeh, A Heydari, F Heshmati Nabavi, SR Mazlom, M Ebrahimi
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Spirituality and Stress Responses in Small Industry Employees
Sook Lee
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Prediction Model on Mental Health Status in Middle-aged Women of an Urban Area: Pyong Sook Lee, Jung Nam Sohn, Yong Mi Lee, Hyun Cheol Kang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(2):239-251. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.2.239

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining mental health status in middle - aged women.

Methods

The data was collected by self - reported questionnaires from 206 middle - aged women in Seoul. Data analysis was done with the SAS pc program for descriptive statistics and a PC - LISREL Program for finding the best fit model which assumes causal relationships among variables.

Results

The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good, but paths and variables of the model were modified by considering theoretical implications and statistical significances of parameter estimates. Thus it was modified by excluding 3 paths. The modified model showed was good fit to the data(χ²=177.55, p=.00), GFI=0.908, AGFI=0.860, RMR=0.013, NFI=0.972, NNFI=0.982). Perceived stress, anger expression method, and self -esteem were found to have direct effects on mental health status in middle - aged women. These predictive variables of mental health status explained 66.6% of the model.

Conclusion

Programs to enhance mental health status in middle - aged women should include stress management skill, anger expression skill, and self-esteem enhancement skills to be effective.

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Yong Mi Lee, Jung Nam Sohn
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(2): 186. CrossRef
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Il-Rim Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(4): 602. CrossRef

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Transition Model of Middle-aged Women: In Sook Cho, Young Sook Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(3):515-524. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.3.515

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a model to explain the transition state for Korean middle-aged women focusing on the transition concept.

Method

A hypothetical model was constructed based on the transition model of Schumacher & Meleis(1994) and tested. Thehypothetical model consisted of 5 latent variables and 11 observed variables. Exogenous variables were demographic characteristics, obstetric characteristics, and health behavior. Endogenous variables were transition state and quality of life with 6 paths. The data from 221 middle-aged women selected by convenience was analyzed using covariance structure analysis.

Result

The final model which was modified from the hypotheticalmodel improved to GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.94, NFI=0.94, and NNFI=0.95. The transition state was influenced directly by demographic characteristics, quality of life, and also indirectly by health behaviors. However, the influence of obstetric characteristics was not significant. The transition state was accountable for 68% of the variance by these factors.

Conclusion

These results suggest that enhancing health behaviors of the women are necessary to increase quality of life and it consequently contributes to improving the transition state. This model could be used to explain the health related vulnerability in these ages and to diagnosis individual women.

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Insook Cho, Sukhee Ahn, Souk Young Kim, Young Sook Park, Hae Won Kim, Sun Ok Lee, Sook Hee Lee, Chae Weon Chung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(4): 496. CrossRef
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Process of Change, Decisional Balance and Self Efficacy Corresponding to Stages of Change in Exercise Behaviors in Middle Aged Women: Yun Mi Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):362-371. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.362

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The study was performed to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to the stage of exercise behavior change based on a Transtheoretical Model in middle aged women.

Method

The subjects consisted of 317 women by convenience sampling residing in city B. The collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Discriminant analysis by SPSS/WIN program.

Result

The subjects were distributed in each stage of change of exercise behaviors: 53 subjects (16.7%) in the precontemplation stage, 86 subjects (27.1%) in the contemplation stage, 88 subjects (27.8%) in the preparation stage, 51 subjects (16.1%) in the action stage and 39 subjects(12.3%) in the maintenance stage. Analysis of variance showed that consciousness raising (F=24.96, p=.00), environmental reevaluation (F=7.13, p=.00), self reevaluation (F=19.47, p=.00), dramatic relief (F=15.22, p=.00), social liberation (F=4.26, p=.00), counter conditioning (F=26.44, p=.00), a helping relationship (F=13.17, p=.00), reinforcement management (F=21.25, p=.00), self liberation (F=27.70, p=.00), stimulus control (F=13.49, p=.00), pros (F=14.40, p=.00) and self-efficacy (F=39.91, p=.00) were significantly associated with the stages of change of exercise behaviors. Through discriminant analysis, it was found that 'stimulus control' was the most influential variable in discriminating the five stages of change.

Conclusion

This study can provide the basis of a staged matching exercise program using TTM for more effective and useful intervention.

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Leila Ghadyani, Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad, Joan Wagner
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Su Jeong Song, HongSeok Ahn, Jinmo Khil
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Factors Associated with Stages of Exercise Behavior Change of Residents in a Community
Kyung-Shin Paek
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Exercise Performance and Exercise-related Factors of Korean and Korean-Chinese Nursing Students: A comparative Study
Young-Ran Lee, Sun-Nam Park, Sook-Ja Yu, Jung-Soon Moon
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Change of Stages and Related Factors for Wearing of Hearing Protection Device among Noisy Workplace-workers
Young Mi Kim, Ihn Sook Jeong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(5): 736. CrossRef
A Study on Exercise Behavior, Exercise Environment and Social Support of Middle-Aged Women
Myoung-Ae Choe, Yang Sook Hah, Keum Soon Kim, Myungsun Yi, Jung-An Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(1): 101. CrossRef

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A Structural Model for Symptom Management of the Patients with Chronic Fatigue: Kuem Sun Han; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):333-343. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.333

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was designed to construct a structural model for symptom management of life of the patients with chronic fatigue. The hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review and Self-regulating Model.
Method
Data were collected by questionnaires from 252 patients with chronic fatigue in the 8 community from December 2002 to April 2003 in Seoul. Data analysis was done with SAS for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL Program for Covariance structural analysis.
Result
The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 4 path and including free parameters and 3 path to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data(χ²=318.11, p=0.0, GFI= .98, AGFI= .98, NNFI= .95, RMSR= .03, RMSEA= .05). The symptoms of stress, self-efficacy, and present fatigue level were found to have significant direct effect on symptom management of the patients with chronic fatigue. The ways of coping, perceived stress, and fatigue symptom were found to have indirect effects on symptom management of the patients with chronic fatigue.
Conclusion
The derived model is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting symptom management of the patients with chronic fatigue. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested direction in nursing practice.

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Prediction on the Negative Outcomes of Anger in Female Adolescents: Young Joo Park, Kuem Sun Han, Hyun Jeong Shin, Hyun Chul Kang, Sook Hee Chun, So Hyun Moon, Young Sik Lee, Hun Soo Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(1):172-181. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.1.172

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents.

Method

Data was collected by questionnaires from 199 female adolescents ina female high school in Seoul. Data analysis was done with SAS for descriptive statistics and a PC-LISREL Program for Covariance structural analysis.

Result

The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 7 paths and adding free parameters to it. The modified model withthe paths showed a good fit to the empirical data(χ² =5.62, p=.69, GFI=.99, AGFI=.97, NFI=.99, NNFI=1.01, RMSR=.02, RMSEA=.00). Trait anger, state anger, and psychosocial problems were found to have a significant direct effect on psychosomatic symptoms. State anger, psychosocial problems, and learning behaviorswere found to have direct effects on depression of female adolescents.

Conclusion

The derived modelis considered appropriate for explaining and predicting negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and is a suggested direction in nursing practice.

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The Effects of a Suicide Prevention Program Applied on Psychodrama among Female High School Students
Gyeong Ran Park, Hee Sook Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2022; 31(3): 269. CrossRef
Effect of Life Stress and Anger Expression in College Students on Suicidal Ideation
Eun-Young Chin, Sung-Sup So, Myung-In Lee
Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(8): 409. CrossRef
Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents: An Explanatory Model Using LISREL
Young-Joo Park, Hosihn Ryu, KuemSun Han, Jung Hye Kwon, Han Kyeom Kim, Hyun Cheol Kang, Ji-Won Yoon, Suk-Hee Cheon, Hyunjeong Shin
Western Journal of Nursing Research.2010; 32(2): 168. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of a School-based Anger Management Program (SAMP) for Adolescents
Young-Joo Park, Ho-Sihn Ryu, Keum-Sun Han, Jung Hye Kwon, HanKyeom Kim, Yoon Jung Cho, Hyun-Cheol Kang, Suk-Hee Cheon, Ji-Won Yoon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(1): 145. CrossRef
Anger Expression Type and Mental Health in Middle Aged Women
Il-Rim Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(4): 602. CrossRef

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Factors Associated with the Stage of Change of Smoking Cessation Behavior in Adolescents: Nam Hee Park, Jung Soon Kim, Yun Mi Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(8):1101-1110. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.8.1101

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the stage of change of smoking cessation behavior and investigate factors associated with the stage of smoking cessation behavior according to the transtheoretical model.

Methods

The participants, 297 smokers & quitters were selected by a stratified random sampling from 127 high school sophomore students in B city. Data were collected from April 6th to 16th, in 2002 using the structured self-report questionnaire.

Results

The subjects were distributed in each stage of change of smoking cessation behavior: there were 46 subjects (15.5%) in precontemplation, 73 subjects (24.6%) in contemplation, 67 subjects(22.3%) in preparation, 56 subjects (18.5%) in action, 55 subjects (18.5%) in maintenance. Compared to the precontemplation and contemplation, people in preparation tended to smoke daily more and smoked for a shorter time, and as precontemplation progressed to the maintenance, past 1 year smoking cessation frequency increased and friends smoking decreased. Smoking onset age was the earliest in preparation, and the latest in maintenance. Helping relationships and self relationships are used a lot in precontemplation and also in contemplation. In preparation, self liberation and helping relationships are used a lot, in action, self liberation and helping relationships, and in maintenance, self liberation and environmental reevaluation. At each stage, the score of negative affect situation was the highest, but the one of negative affect situation, positive social situation, habitual strength, weight control decreased as precontemplation progressed to the maintenance. While the score of social pros and coping pros decreased with increasing stage, the one of cons tended to increase. Through stepwise discriminant analysis, it was found that social pros, smoking onset age, delf-libration were the most influencing powers among factors associated with the stages of smoking cessation behavior.

Conclusions

This study suggested that, in developing an effective smoking cessation intervention for adolescents, all the stage of a client's cessation had to be assessed prior to applying intervention programs. In addition, the results of this study will become a pillar of smoking cessation program planning and application.

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Prevalences of Stages of Change for Smoking Cessation in Adolescents and Associated Factors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Leonardo Essado Rios, Álex Moreira Herval, Raquel Conceição Ferreira, Maria do Carmo Matias Freire
Journal of Adolescent Health.2019; 64(2): 149. CrossRef
Effects of an Empowerment Program on Nicotine Dependency, Temptation, Self-esteem, Depression in Adolescents Who Smoke
Nam-Hee Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(1): 1. CrossRef
Factors Associated with the Preparation Stage to Quit Smoking among College Smokers
Kyung-Shin Paek, Young-Sook Kwon
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(2): 173. CrossRef

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The Use of Professional Health Care Systems among the Elderly in Rural Communities: Myoung Ok Cho; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(6):731-742. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.6.731

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This ethnography is aimed at describing the health care seeking behavior of elderly details in their socio-cultural context. The research question is “under what conditions did elderly informants decide to use certain professional health care services and how do they make use of all the available resources?”

Method

10 sessions of fieldwork were conducted in the two agricultural villages between Sep. 1999 and Oct. 2002. The data for this paper came from participant observation with 14 informants. In the process of analysis I used proxemic and taxonomic techniques.

Result

Informants decided to use a certain health care system according to their folk definition of illness. They prefer to use the health services where they felt more comfortable and free. They wished to be care from intuitive and holistic healers. Social network and having health resources was also important factor.

Conclusion

We need more comprehensive research model to reach a plausible explanation. Combined qualitative-quantitative research is needed to get practical data to develop effective health care systems for the elderly.

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Patricia Khashayar, Hamidreza Aghaei Meybodi, Mohsen Rezaei Hemami, Bagher Larijani
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The estimation of cardiovascular risk factors by body mass index and body fat percentage in Korean male adults
Young Gyu Cho, Hong Ji Song, Jin Myoung Kim, Kyung Hee Park, Yu Jin Paek, Jung Jin Cho, Ian Caterson, Jun Goo Kang
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Pulse wave velocity and ankle brachial index in obese adolescents
Ji Hye Kim, Hee Sun Koo, Young Mi Hong
Korean Journal of Pediatrics.2007; 50(11): 1078. CrossRef

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Development of Gerontological Nursing Curriculum Model: M S Song, E S Kong, G B Kim, N C Kim, C H Kim, C K Kim, H K Kim, Y J Roh, K R Shin, S Y Ahn, K J Lee, Y W Lee, S O Chang, S J Chon, N O Cho, M O Cho, K S Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(3):376-385. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.3.376

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to develop gerontological curriculum model which reflects the need of Korean society.

Method

Three round Delphi survey method was applied to find consensus of gerontological nursing competencies (knowledge, attitudes and skills) for graduates of nursing schools from the panel of gerontological nursing practice experts. Important concepts in gerontological nursing were delineated from literature review and discussions of gerontological nursing educators. Based on these results the gerontological nursing curriculum model was developed and course structure outlined by the researchers as a group.

Result

As the result of delphi survey, 32 items of knowledge, 29 items of attitude, and 21 items of skill were identified. The curriculum model constructed around a cube with three plane- functional capacity levels, settings, and nursing practice. Specific knowledge, attitudes and skills for gerontological theory and practicum course were suggested. Competency items were assigned to theory and/or practice.

Conclusion

A curriculum model for gerontological nursing has been developed by a group of gerontological nursing educators. The curriculum model should be further tested and developed with detailed theory and practicum course outline and textbooks.

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Baccalaureate Competencies and Curriculum in Gerontological Nursing
Sung-Hee Baik, Dong-Soo Shin, Sung Ok Chang, Gwi-Ryung Hong, Suhye Kwon, Mi So Kim, Su-Jin Kim, Hye-Ryoung Kim, Chun-Gill Kim, Kyongok Park, Myonghwa Park, Eun Kyoung Suh, Mi-Ra Sung, Min-Sun Song, Jun-Ah Song, Yong-Soon Shin, Hye-Ah Yeom, Eunmi Oh, Kyung
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2018; 20(2): 76. CrossRef
Review of educational strategies to facilitate desirable attitudes toward gerontological nursing
Hyun-E Yeom
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(1): 561. CrossRef
Implementation and evaluation of gerontological nursing education program: consist of knowledge about nursing care for elderly and elderly simulation experience
Hyun-Soo Oh, Hye-Sun Jeong
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Identifying Latent Classes of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease: Eunsil Ju, JiSun Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(6):817-827. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.6.817

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to identify latent classes based on major modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis using data from the electronic medical records of 2,022 patients, who were newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease at a university medical center, from January 2010 to December 2015. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 for descriptive analysis and Mplus version 7.4 for latent class analysis.

Results

Four latent classes of risk factors for coronary artery disease were identified in the final model: ‘smoking-drinking’, ‘high-risk for dyslipidemia’, ‘high-risk for metabolic syndrome’, and ‘high-risk for diabetes and malnutrition’. The likelihood of these latent classes varied significantly based on socio-demographic characteristics, including age, gender, educational level, and occupation.

Conclusion

The results showed significant heterogeneity in the pattern of risk factors for coronary artery disease. These findings provide helpful data to develop intervention strategies for the effective prevention of coronary artery disease. Specific characteristics depending on the subpopulation should be considered during the development of interventions.

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Factors Influencing Adolescent Lifetime Smoking and Current Smoking in South Korea: Using data from the 10^th (2014) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey: Seok Hyun Gwon, Suyong Jeong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(4):552-561. Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.4.552

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing lifetime smoking and current smoking among adolescents in South Korea.

Methods

Hierarchical logistic regression was conducted based on complex sample analysis using statistics from the 10th (2014) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. The study sample comprised 72,060 adolescents aged 12 to 18.

Results

The significant factors influencing adolescent lifetime smoking were female gender, older age, higher stress, higher weekly allowance, lower economic status, living apart from parents, parental smoking, sibling smoking, peer smoking, observation of school personnel smoking, and coed school compared to boys' school. The significant factors influencing adolescent current smoking were female gender, older age, higher stress, higher weekly allowance, both higher and lower economic status compared to middle economic status, living apart from parents, parental smoking, sibling smoking, peer smoking, observation of school personnel smoking, and coed school compared to boys' school.

Conclusion

Factors identified in this study need to be considered in programs directed at prevention of adolescent smoking and smoking cessation programs, as well as policies.

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