Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

A Caring Program for Health Promotion among Women Who Have Experienced Trauma: A QuasiExperimental Pilot Study: Kim, Goun , Kim, Heejung , Park, Jeongok , Kang, Hee Sun , Kim, Soojin , Kim, Sunah; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(5):500-513. Published online October 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22120

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Women are more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress (PTS) than men, causing several health problems. Nurses should understand and work with women who have experienced trauma and provide interventions to promote their physical, social, and mental health.
Methods
This quasi-experimental pilot study used a one-group pre-test/post-test design. Data were collected from 14 women recruited between December 2019 and May 2020 from a self-sufficiency support center in South Korea for sexually-exploited women who had experienced trauma. The program consisted of six one-on-one intervention sessions per week for six weeks. Each session averaged 60~120 minutes. Participants were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. Changes in outcome variables over time were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests.
Results
The caring program for health promotion was divided into six sessions: understanding the self, sharing traumatic events and negative emotions, reframing the meaning of traumatic events, identifying thoughts and physical and emotional responses, developing health promotion activities, and maintaining a positive attitude during the process of change. As a result of the caring program, PTS (F = 36.33, p < .001), depression (F = 24.45, p < .001), health-promoting behaviors (F = 7.06, p = .004), and self-esteem (F = 19.74, p < .001) among the participants differed significantly at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up.
Conclusion
This study provides foundational information for the implementation of a theory-driven program by nurses in clinical and community settings to provide comprehensive care for women who have experienced trauma.

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Development and Evaluation of Resilience Enhancement Program Applying Mindfulness Meditation in Patients with Ileostomy: Shin, Jee Hye , Choi, Ja Yun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(3):334-346. Published online June 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a resilience enhancement program applying mindfulness meditation (REP-MM) and evaluate the effects of the program on post-traumatic stress (PTS), resilience, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with ileostomy.
Methods
The REP-MM was developed by combining the resilience enhancement program with mindfulness meditation according to four patterns. The program was developed through identifying patients’ needs, reviewing relevant literature, developing a preliminary program, and testing content validity and user evaluation. The participants were 55 patients with ileostomy. We conveniently assigned 27 patients to the experimental group and 28 to the control group. The study was conducted in conducted in a hospital from January 22 to May 30, 2019. The REPMM was provided to the experimental group, and conventional ileostomy care was provided to the control group using a nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. Results: ANCOVA revealed that the levels of PTS (F = 321.64, p < .001), resilience (F = 111.86, p < .001), and HRQoL (F = 31.08, p < .001) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group when comparing pretest to posttest changes.
Conclusion
The REP-MM is effective in PTS, resilience, and HRQoL in patients suffering from post-stoma creation crisis. The REP-MM can induce positive self-recognition changes in patients with ileostomy through dispositional, situational, relational, and philosophical interventions. We suggest nurses reduce PTS and improve resilience and HRQoL in patients with ileostomy.

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Effectiveness of Meditation Techniques in Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
David W. Orme-Johnson, Vernon A. Barnes, Brian Rees, Jean Tobin, Kenneth G. Walton
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The experiences of Chinese colorectal cancer survivors in marital intimacy after ostomy creation: A qualitative study
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Original Articles

Factors Influencing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Crime Scene Investigators: Seon Mi Nho, Eun A Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(1):39-48. Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.1.39

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationships among social support, resilience and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and especially to identify factors influencing PTSD in police crime scene investigators.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was used, with a convenience sample of 226 police crime scene investigators from 7 Metropolitan Police Agencies. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires during July and August, 2015. Data were analyzed using t-test, χ²-test, Fisher's exact test, and binary logistic regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.

Results

The mean score for PTSD in police crime scene investigators was 13.69. 11 points. Of the crime scene investigators 181 (80.1%) were in the low-risk group and 45 (19.9%) in high-risk group. Social support (t=5.68, p<.001) and resilience (t=5.47, p<.001) were higher in the low-risk group compared to the high-risk group. Logistic regression analysis showed that resilience (OR=4.74, 95% CI: 1.57~14.35), and social support (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.23~3.69) are effect factors for PTSD low group.

Conclusion

For effective improvement of PTSD in police crime scene investigators, intervention programs including social support and strategies to increase should be established.

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Joseph A. Rosansky, Jeffery Cook, Harold Rosenberg, Jon E. Sprague
Journal of Forensic Sciences.2019; 64(5): 1444. CrossRef
Influence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorders on Quality of Life among Patients with Ostomy: Focused on the Mediating Effect of Resilience
Jee Hye Shin, Hyang Sook So, Eun A Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(6): 657. CrossRef

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Development and Validation of the Cancer-Specific Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Young-Mi Jung, Jin-Hee Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):319-331. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.319

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate posttraumatic growth in patients with cancer and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale.

Methods

A literature review, semi-structured patient interviews and an expert panel consultation produced a 27 preliminary item questionnaire. Participants were 150 cancer patients recruited to test the reliability and validity of the preliminary scale. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity and internal consistency.

Results

Item reduction and exploratory factor analysis led to 23 items, grouped into five subscales which were labelled new possibilities (6 items), coping skills (5 items), preciousness of life (5 items), relating to others (4 items), and personal strength (3 items). Convergent validity was evaluated by total correlation with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (r=.45, p<.001). The final scale demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's a =.94).

Conclusion

Findings from this study indicate that the Cancer-Specific Posttraumatic Growth Inventory has validity and reliability and is considered to be appropriate for assessing posttraumatic growth in patients with cancer.

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The Influence of Subjective Health Status, Post-Traumatic Growth, and Social Support on Successful Aging in Middle-Aged Women: Seung Hee Lee, Hyung Suk Jang, Young Hee Yang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(5):744-752. Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.5.744

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to investigate factors influencing successful aging in middle-aged women.

Methods

A convenience sample of 103 middle-aged women was selected from the community. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test, Pearson correlations, Spearman correlations and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program.

Results

Results of regression analysis showed that significant factors influencing successful aging were post-traumatic growth and social support. This regression model explained 48% of the variance in successful aging.

Conclusion

Findings show that the concept 'post-traumatic growth' is an important factor influencing successful aging in middle-aged women. In addition, social support from friends/co-workers had greater influence on successful aging than social support from family. Thus, we need to consider the positive impact of post-traumatic growth and increase the chances of social participation in a successful aging program for middle-aged women.

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Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth in Survivors of Breast Cancer: Jin-Hee Park, Yong-Sik Jung, Youngmi Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):454-462. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.454

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is defined as 'positive psychological change experienced as a result of a struggle with highly challenging life circumstances'. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of PTG and its correlates in Korean patients with breast cancer.

Methods

A sample of 120 participants was recruited from outpatients, who had successfully completed primary treatment of breast cancer at a university hospital., Data were collected from June to December, 2014 using Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, lllness Intrusiveness Rating Scale, Cancer Coping Questionnaire, Revised Life Orientation Test and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.

Results

Total score for the PTG was 79.18±17.54 in patients surviving breast cancer. Bivariate analyses indicated that PTG was positively associated with having a religion, perceived social support, greater optimism, cancer coping, and illness intrusiveness. Results of the regression analysis showed that cancer coping (β=.29, p=.001), optimism (β=0.28, p=.001) and illness intrusiveness (β=0.17, p=.037) were statistically significant in patients' PTG.

Conclusion

The research findings show that the variables of cancer coping, optimism and illness intrusiveness significantly explain PTG and these psychological variables can be used to provide improvement in PTG for patients with breast cancer

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Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire: Yu Kyung Park, Hyeon Ok Ju, Hunjoo Na; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):29-38. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.29

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) was designed to measure post-traumatic symptoms related to childbirth and symptoms during postnatal period. The purpose of this study was to develop a translated Korean version of the PPQ and to evaluate reliability and validity of the Korean PPQ.

Methods

Participants were 196 mothers at one to 18 months after giving childbirth and data were collected through e-mails. The PPQ was translated into Korean using translation guideline from World Health Organization. For this study Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the PPQ. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and known-group validity were conducted to examine construct validity. Correlations of the PPQ with Impact of Event Scale (IES), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to test a criterion validity of the PPQ.

Results

Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown split-half correlation coefficient were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. EFA identified a 3-factor solution including arousal, avoidance, and intrusion factors and CFA revealed the strongest support for the 3-factor model. The correlations of the PPQ with IES, BDI-II, and BAI were .99, .60, and .72, respectively, pointing to criterion validity of a high level.

Conclusion

The Korean version PPQ is a useful tool for screening and assessing mothers' experiencing emotional distress related to child birth and during the postnatal period. The PPQ also reflects Post Traumatic Stress Disorder's diagnostic standards well.

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