Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Formative versus reflective measurement models in nursing research: a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study in Korea: Eun Seo Park, Young Il Cho, Hyo Jin Kim, YeoJin Im, Dong Hee Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):107-118. Published online February 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24095

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to empirically verify the impact of measurement model selection on research outcomes and their interpretation through an analysis of children’s emotional and social problems measured by the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) using both reflective and formative measurement models. These models were represented by covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM), respectively.
Methods
This secondary data analysis evaluated children’s emotional and social problems as both reflective and formative constructs. Reflective models were analyzed using CB-SEM, while formative models were assessed using PLS-SEM. Comparisons between these two approaches were based on model fit and parameter estimates.
Results
In the CB-SEM analysis, which assumed a reflective measurement model, a model was not identified due to inadequate fit indices and a Heywood case, indicating improper model specification. In contrast, the PLS-SEM analysis, assuming a formative measurement model, demonstrated adequate reliability and validity with significant path coefficients, supporting the appropriateness of the formative model for the PSC.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that the PSC is more appropriately analyzed as a formative measurement model using PLS-SEM, rather than as a reflective model using CB-SEM. This study highlights the necessity of selecting an appropriate measurement model based on the theoretical and empirical characteristics of constructs in nursing research. Future research should ensure that the nature of measurement variables is accurately reflected in the choice of statistical models to improve the validity of research outcomes.

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Development and Evaluation of an App-Based Self-Management Program for Exercise Practice of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial: Maeng, Suyoun , Yu, Jungok; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):250-265. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23119

Purpose
This study aimed to develop an app-based self-management program based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) for breast cancer survivors’ exercise practice, as well as to investigate the program’s effects on the stage of change for exercise, exercise self-efficacy, exercise decisional balance, exercise amount, and body composition.
Methods
This non-randomized controlled study included 52 participants (26 in each of the experimental and control groups, respectively). An app-based self-management program based on the TTM was conducted with the experimental group for a 12-week period. The program comprised three components: individual coaching for each stage of change for exercise based on TTM, amount of exercise and body composition monitoring, and online self-help meetings.
Results
Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher stages of change for exercise (p < .001), exercise self-efficacy (p < .001), exercise decisional balance (p = .002), exercise amount (p < .001), and body composition (body weight [p = .006], body mass index [p = .005], and body fat percentage [p = .010]) immediately and four weeks after the intervention.
Conclusion
An appbased self-management program based on the TTM improves exercise behaviors in breast cancer survivors and provides physical benefits.

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Effects of a mobile health coaching intervention on symptom experience, self-management, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors: A quasi-experimental study
Jin-Hee Park, Sun Hyoung Bae, Yong Sik Jung, Min Hee Hur, Ji Young Kim, Su Jin Jung
Medicine.2025; 104(12): e41894. CrossRef

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An Investigation of the Cumulative Effects of Depressive Symptoms on the Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging: Kim, Eunmi , Oh, Jinkyung , Huh, Iksoo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(4):453-467. Published online August 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23018

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study investigated the cumulative effects of depressive symptoms on cognitive function over time in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Data were investigated from 2,533 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) from the 5th (2014) to the 8th wave (2020). The association between cumulative depressive symptoms and cognitive function was identified through multiple regression analysis. Results: When the multiple regression analysis was conducted from each wave, the current depressive symptoms scores and cognitive function scores were negatively associated, regardless of the waves (B5th = - 0.26, B6th = - 0.26, B7th = - 0.26, and B8th = - 0.27; all p < .001). Further, when all the previous depressive symptoms scores were added as explanatory variables in the 8th wave, the current one (B8th = - 0.09, p < .001) and the previous ones (B5th = - 0.11, B6th = - 0.09, and B7th = - 0.13; all p < .001) were also negatively associated with the cognitive function score. The delta R² , which indicates the difference between the model’s R² with and without the depressive symptoms scores, was greater in the model with all the previous and current depressive symptoms scores (6.4%) than in the model with only the current depressive symptoms score (3.6%). Conclusion: Depressive symptoms in older adults have a long-term impact. This results in an accumulated adverse effect on the cognitive function. Therefore, to prevent cognitive decline in older adults, we suggest detecting their depressive symptoms early and providing continuous intervention to reduce exposure to long-term depressive symptoms.

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Systematic identification and quantification of factors and their interactions with age, sex, and panel wave influencing cognitive function in Korean older adults
Eunmi Kim, Jinkyung Oh, Jungsoo Gim, Iksoo Huh
Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Factors Influencing Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19 in Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study: Choi, Jeong Sil , Kim, Kyung Mi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(6):554-563. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22047

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to determine how undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge and health beliefs affected their COVID-19-related infection-prevention behaviors.
Methods
This study used a descriptive survey. A total of 188 undergraduate nursing students from two universities in South Korea participated in this study. The data were collected from June 2020 to August 2020. Factors influencing infection-prevention behaviors were identified using multiple regression analysis.
Results
The participants’ mean knowledge level regarding COVID-19 was 84.05 ± 11.78 out of 100. The average health belief score was 2.80 ± 0.32 points out of 5. COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors were correlated with experiences of searching for COVID-19 information (r = .22, p < .01), perceived severity (r = .24, p < .01), perceived benefits (r = .29, p < .01), cues to action (r = .30, p < .01), knowledge (r = .27, p < .01), and perceived barriers (r = - .19, p < .05). Factors that significantly affected COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors were the participants’ years of study, experiences regarding COVID-19 prevention education, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and cues to action.
Conclusion
COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors are promoted by increasing awareness about the disease and promoting COVID-19 education in nursing curriculums.

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Comparing factors related to perceived control and preventive behaviors from COVID‐19 between Japanese and American nursing students: A cross‐sectional study
Akiko Kondo, Renaguli Abuliezi, Kosuke Niitsu, Kazuko Naruse, Tomomi Oki, Erika Ota, Mabel C. Ezeonwu
Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Influence of Social Capital on Depression of Older Adults Living in Rural Area: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey: Jung, Minho , Kim, Jinhyun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):144-156. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21239

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the influence of social capital on the depression of older adults living in rural areas.
Methods
Data sets were obtained from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. The participants were 39,390 older adults over 65 years old living in rural areas. Indicators of social capital included trust, reciprocity, network, and social participation. Depression—the dependent variable—was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Hierarchical ordinal logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with depression after adjusting the data numbers to 102,601 by applying the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE).
Results
The independent variables—indicators of social capital—exhibited significant association with the depression of older adults. The odds ratios of depression were higher in groups without social capital variables.
Conclusion
To reduce depression, we recommend increasing social capital. Factors identified in this study need to be considered in older adult depression intervention programs and policies.

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The Effects of Perceived Stress on Depression among Middle-aged Adults with Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Exploring the Mediating Role of Social Capital through a Descriptive Correlational Study
Kyung Ae Kim, Mi Ran Bang
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2025; 37(1): 50. CrossRef
An Observational Study on the Association Between Nutritional Intake and Mental Health Among Older Adults in Rural Areas
Kyeongmin Jang
Nursing & Health Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prediction model of weight control experience in men with obesity in their 30 s and 40 s using decision tree analysis
Myeunghee Han
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship between human capital and depression among middle-aged rural adults: The multiple-parallel mediating effects of social capital
Soo Mi Jang, Hyung Mi Ha
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2023; 40(1): 33. CrossRef

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A Prediction Model of Exercise Level in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: Kim, Moon Ja , Lee, Eun Nam; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):157-172. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21238

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to construct and test a hypothetical model to explain the predictive factors and causal pathways for exercise levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis based on the self-determination theory. A conceptual framework was constructed assuming that autonomy support by health care providers would satisfy the three basic psychological needs of patients, which would increase their autonomous motivation for exercise, resulting in its initiation and continuation.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 221 patients with ankylosing spondylitis who were visiting rheumatology clinics in two tertiary hospitals. Health Care Climate Questionnaire-exercise regularly, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction scale, Behavior Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2, and exercise level were used to collect data.
Results
The fitness of the hypothetical model met the recommended level (χ2/df ≤ 3, SRMR ≤ .08, RMSEA ≤ .08, GFI ≥ .90, AGFI ≥ .85, NFI ≥ .90, TLI ≥ .90, CFI ≥ .90). The model effect analysis revealed that autonomy support by health care providers had a positive effect on patients' autonomy, competence, relatedness, autonomous motivation, and exercise level. Competence and relatedness had positive effects on autonomous motivation and exercise level, respectively. Autonomous motivation had a positive effect on exercise level.
Conclusion
The predictive factors of exercise level in patients with ankylosing spondylitis were autonomous motivation, health care providers' autonomy support, competence, and relatedness. Considering these factors, we recommend the development of an effective program for improving exercise levels in these patients.

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A Structural Equation Model for Low Back Pain Management Behavior in Patients With Spinal Disease
Raewan Kim, Aekyung Kim
Pain Management Nursing.2025; 26(1): e107. CrossRef
Exercise and adults with hemophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Doo Young Kim, Mi Yang Jeon, Young Eun, Da In Jeong
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(1): 1. CrossRef

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Development of a Diabetic Foot Ulceration Prediction Model and Nomogram: Lee, Eun Joo , Jeong, Ihn Sook , Woo, Seung Hun , Jung, Hyuk Jae , Han, Eun Jin , Kang, Chang Wan , Hyun, Sookyung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(3):280-293. Published online June 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20257

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) to develop and evaluate the performance of a DFU prediction model and nomogram among people with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods
This unmatched case-control study was conducted with 379 adult patients (118 patients with DM and 261 controls) from four general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, foot examination, and review of patients’ electronic health records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to build the DFU prediction model and nomogram. Further, their performance was analyzed using the Lemeshow–Hosmer test, concordance statistic (C-statistic), and sensitivity/specificity analyses in training and test samples.
Results
The prediction model was based on risk factors including previous foot ulcer or amputation, peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, current smoking, and chronic kidney disease. The calibration of the DFU nomogram was appropriate (χ² = 5.85, p = .321). The C-statistic of the DFU nomogram was .95 (95% confidence interval .93~.97) for both the training and test samples. For clinical usefulness, the sensitivity and specificity obtained were 88.5% and 85.7%, respectively at 110 points in the training sample. The performance of the nomogram was better in male patients or those having DM for more than 10 years.
Conclusion
The nomogram of the DFU prediction model shows good performance, and is thereby recommended for monitoring the risk of DFU and preventing the occurrence of DFU in people with DM.

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A Simple Nomogram for Predicting Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Youn-Jung Lee, Hee Jung Jang
Healthcare.2023; 11(23): 3015. CrossRef
Establishment of a Nomogram Model for Predicting Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis
Xiaobing Liu, Caili Yan, Xiuxiu Niu, Jiechun Zeng, Fahd Abd Algalil
Applied Bionics and Biomechanics.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Prognostic factors in diabetes: Comparison of Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) decision tree technology and logistic regression
Hae-Young Choi, Eun-Yeob Kim, Jaeyoung Kim
Medicine.2022; 101(42): e31343. CrossRef

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Comparison of the Prediction Model of Adolescents’ Suicide Attempt Using Logistic Regression and Decision Tree: Secondary Data Analysis of the 2019 Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey: Lee, Yoonju , Kim, Heejin , Lee, Yesul , Jeong, Hyesun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):40-53. Published online February 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20207

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and compare the prediction model for suicide attempts by Korean adolescents using logistic regression and decision tree analysis. Methods: This study utilized secondary data drawn from the 2019 Youth Health Risk Behavior web-based survey. A total of 20 items were selected as the explanatory variables (5 of sociodemographic characteristics, 10 of health-related behaviors, and 5 of psychosocial characteristics). For data analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression with complex samples and decision tree analysis were performed using IBM SPSS ver. 25.0 and Stata ver. 16.0.
Results
A total of 1,731 participants (3.0%) out of 57,303 responded that they had attempted suicide. The most significant predictors of suicide attempts as determined using the logistic regression model were experience of sadness and hopelessness, substance abuse, and violent victimization. Girls who have experience of sadness and hopelessness, and experience of substance abuse have been identified as the most vulnerable group in suicide attempts in the decision tree model.
Conclusion
Experiences of sadness and hopelessness, experiences of substance abuse, and experiences of violent victimization are the common major predictors of suicide attempts in both logistic regression and decision tree models, and the predict rates of both models were similar. We suggest to provide programs considering combination of high-risk predictors for adolescents to prevent suicide attempt.

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Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation in Female Adolescents With Smartphone Overdependence
Hyeongyeong Yoon
Journal of Pediatric Health Care.2025; 39(2): 225. CrossRef
Public discourse on substance use behavior as a driver of public policy: a scoping review of South Korean academic and official literature
Meekang Sung, Jihye Han, Carrie G. Wade, Vaughan W. Rees
Addiction Research & Theory.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Risk prediction models for adolescent suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ruitong Li, Yuchuan Yue, Xujie Gu, Lingling Xiong, Meiqi Luo, Ling Li
Psychiatry Research.2025; 347: 116405. CrossRef
The use of machine learning on administrative and survey data to predict suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a systematic review
Nibene H. Somé, Pardis Noormohammadpour, Shannon Lange
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A prediction model for adolescents’ skipping breakfast using the CART algorithm for decision trees: 7th (2016–2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sun A Choi, Sung Suk Chung, Jeong Ok Rho
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(3): 300. CrossRef
Development of Prediction Model for Suicide Attempts Using the Korean Youth Health Behavior Web-Based Survey in Korean Middle and High School Students
Younggeun Kim, Sung-Il Woo, Sang Woo Hahn, Yeon Jung Lee, Minjae Kim, Hyeonseo Jin, Jiyeon Kim, Jaeuk Hwang
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2023; 62(3): 95. CrossRef
Effects of Stress on Suicide Behavior among Adolescents: An Analysis of Online Survey Data on Youth Health Behavior Using Propensity Score Matching
Chung Hee Woo, Ju Young Park
Korean Journal of Stress Research.2021; 29(3): 199. CrossRef

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Original Articles

External Validation of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Acquisition Risk Prediction Model in a Medium Sized Hospital: Seo, Su Min , Jeong, Ihn Sook; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):621-630. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20137

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was aimed to evaluate the external validity of a carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) acquisition risk prediction model (the CREP-model) in a medium-sized hospital.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 613 patients (CRE group: 69, no-CRE group: 544) admitted to the intensive care units of a 453-beds secondary referral general hospital from March 1, 2017 to September 30, 2019 in South Korea. The performance of the CREP-model was analyzed with calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness.
Results
The results showed that those higher in age had lower presence of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs), cephalosporin use ≥ 15 days, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score ≥ 21 points, and lower CRE acquisition rates than those of CREP-model development subjects. The calibration-in-the-large was 0.12 (95% CI: - 0.16~0.39), while the calibration slope was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.63~1.12), and the concordance statistic was .71 (95% CI: .63~.78). At the predicted risk of .10, the sensitivity, specificity, and correct classification rates were 43.5%, 84.2%, and 79.6%, respectively. The net true positive according to the CREP-model were 3 per 100 subjects. After adjusting the predictors’ cutting points, the concordance statistic increased to .84 (95% CI: .79~.89), and the sensitivity and net true positive was improved to 75.4%. and 6 per 100 subjects, respectively.
Conclusion
The CREP-model’s discrimination and clinical usefulness are low in a medium sized general hospital but are improved after adjusting for the predictors. Therefore, we suggest that institutions should only use the CREP-model after assessing the distribution of the predictors and adjusting their cutting points.

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Risk factors for the colonization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in patients transferred to a small/medium-size hospital in Korea: a retrospective study
Misun Lee, Hyunjung Kim
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(4): 285. CrossRef
Improving the Rapidity and Accuracy of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Detection by Shortening the Enrichment Duration
Miyoung Lee
Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters.2022; 50(4): 584. CrossRef
Validation Study of the Estimated Glycemic Load Model Using Commercially Available Fast Foods
Miran Lee, Haejin Kang, Sang-Jin Chung, Kisun Nam, Yoo Kyoung Park
Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a Nomogram for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Acquisition Risk Prediction Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit of a Secondary Referral Hospital
Su Min Seo, Ihn Sook Jeong, Ju Yeoun Song, Sangjin Lee
Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(3): 174. CrossRef

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Scale Development and Model Validation for the Process of Exercise Engagement for People with Prediabetes: Chang, Shu-Chuan , Yeh, Hsiu-Chen , Kuo, Yu-Lun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):298-312. Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.298

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study had two objectives: 1) to develop a scale for the process of exercise engagement (SPEE) for prediabetic individuals (PDIs); 2) to validate a structural model for the process of exercise engagement for PDIs.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey with simple random sampling was conducted from September 2013 to December 2015 (in Taiwan). A total of 310 PDIs were enrolled for scale development and model validation via item analysis, factor analyses, and structural equation modeling. The Kuo model was used as the basis for developing the Chinese version of the SPEE for PDIs.
Results
The SPEE contains five subscales with a total of twenty-one items that account for 54.9% to 65.9% of the total variance explained for assessing participants’ process of engagement during exercise. For Kuo model validation, the model measures indicated goodness of fit between the Kuo model and sample data. Analysis further revealed a direct effect between the creating health blueprints (CHB) stage and the spontaneous regular exercise (SRE) stage (b=.60).
Conclusion
The SPEE includes five subscales for assessing the psychological transition and behavioral expression at each stage of the process of exercise engagement for PDIs. The SPEE for people with prediabetes provides deeper insights into the factors of behavioral change stages that are required to initiate long-term health care outcomes and avoid developing diabetes. These insights are significant as they allow for patient- specific mapping and behavior modification to effect exercise.

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Prediyabet hastalarında egzersiz katılım süreci ölçeği geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışması
Melek Öztürk, Tülay Ortabağ
Health Care Academician Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prediyabetli hastalarda Egzersiz Yarar/Engel Ölçeği Türkçe versiyonunun güvenirliği ve geçerliliği
Tülay ORTABAĞ, Melek ÖZTÜRK
Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation.2023; 10(2): 147. CrossRef
The COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge and Attitude Scale: A Methodological Study
Kemal Elyeli, Hatice Bebiş
Cyprus Journal of Medical Sciences.2022; 7(3): 312. CrossRef

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Prediction Models of Mild Cognitive Impairment Using the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing: Park, Hyojin , Ha, Juyoung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):191-199. Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.191

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare sociodemographic characteristics of a normal cognitive group and mild cognitive impairment group, and establish prediction models of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).
Methods
This study was a secondary data analysis research using data from “the 4th Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing” of the Korea Employment Information Service. A total of 6,405 individuals, including 1,329 individuals with MCI and 5,076 individuals with normal cognitive abilities, were part of the study. Based on the panel survey items, the research used 28 variables. The methods of analysis included a c2-test, logistic regression analysis, decision tree analysis, predicted error rate, and an ROC curve calculated using SPSS 23.0 and SAS 13.2.
Results
In the MCI group, the mean age was 71.4 and 65.8% of the participants was women. There were statistically significant differences in gender, age, and education in both groups. Predictors of MCI determined by using a logistic regression analysis were gender, age, education, instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), perceived health status, participation group, cultural activities, and life satisfaction. Decision tree analysis of predictors of MCI identified education, age, life satisfaction, and IADL as predictors.
Conclusion
The accuracy of logistic regression model for MCI is slightly higher than that of decision tree model. The implementation of the prediction model for MCI established in this study may be utilized to identify middle-aged and elderly people with risks of MCI. Therefore, this study may contribute to the prevention and reduction of dementia.

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Nomogram for predicting changes in cognitive function in community dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment based on Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing Panel Data: a retrospective study
Hyuk Joon Kim, Hye Young Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(1): 50. CrossRef
Cognitive Dysfunction Prediction Model with Lifelog Dataset based on Random Forest and SHAP
Myeongjin Lee, Jongun Lee, Hanjun Lee
The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology.2024; 22(1): 1. CrossRef
Sociodemographic Factors Predict Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Brief Review and Empirical Study
Shuyi Jin, Chenxi Li, Jiani Miao, Jingyi Sun, Zhenqing Yang, Xingqi Cao, Kaili Sun, Xiaoting Liu, Lina Ma, Xin Xu, Zuyun Liu
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.2023; 24(12): 1959. CrossRef
Characteristics and Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline of Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Eul Hee Roh
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(3): 179. CrossRef
Detection and Intervention of Subjective Cognitive Decline in Pre-Alzheimer’s Disease
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International Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology.2022; 11(04): 65. CrossRef
Influencing Factors of Subjective Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Min Roh, Hyunju Dan, Oksoo Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11488. CrossRef

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The Structural Analysis of Variables Related to Posttraumatic Growth among Psychiatric Nurses: Hyun Ju Yeo, Hyun Suk Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):26-38. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.26

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explain a structural model of posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses based on existing models and a literature review and verify its effectiveness.

Methods:

Data were collected from psychiatric nurses in one special city, four metropolitan cities, and three regional cities from February to March 2016. Exogenous variables included hardiness and distress perception, while endogenous variables included self-disclosure, social support, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic growth. Data from 489 psychiatric nurses were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 and AMOS 20.0.

Results:

The modified model was a good fit for the data. Tests on significance of the pathways of the modified model showed that nine of the 14 paths were supported, and the explanatory power of posttraumatic growth by included variables in the model was 69.2%. For posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses, deliberate rumination had a direct effect as the variable that had the largest influence. Indirect effects were found in the order of hardiness, social support, and distress perception. Self-disclosure showed both direct and indirect effects.

Conclusion

A strategy to improve deliberate rumination is necessary when seeking to improve posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses. Enhancing psychiatric nurses’ hardiness before trauma would enable them to actively express negative emotions after trauma, allowing them to receive more social support. This would improve deliberate rumination and consequently help promote psychological growth among psychiatric nurses who have experienced trauma.

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Jaehwa Bae, Eun Suk Choi
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Sae Mi Min, Hee Jun Kim, Chun-Ja Kim, Jeong-Ah Ahn
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Association of Nursing Work Environment, Relationship with the Head Nurse, and Resilience with Post-Traumatic Growth in Emergency Department Nurses
Sun-Young Jung, Jin-Hwa Park
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(6): 2857. CrossRef

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A Structural Equation Model for Happiness in Mothers with Young Children: Mijung Yeom, Soo Yang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):241-253. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.241

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop and test a model of the happiness of mothers with young children based on the stress-coping-adaptation model of Lazarus and Folkman.

Methods

The data collection period was from May to July 2016. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 210 mothers with children under 5 years of age living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon provinces. The exogenous variable was parenting stress, and the endogenous variables were parenting alliance, depression, optimism, ways of coping, and happiness. Data from 201 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling.

Results

The final modified model showed a reasonable fit to the data, and out of 25 paths, 13 were statistically significant. This model explained 78.4% of the variance in the happiness of mothers with young children and confirmed that depression, optimism, parenting alliance, and social support-focused coping have a direct effect on the subject's happiness. Parenting stress also influenced happiness through parenting alliance, depression, and optimism.

Conclusion

In order to bolster the happiness of mothers with young children, positive psychological interventions that can minimize psychological vulnerabilities, such as depression, and that can enhance their strengths, such as optimism, may serve as effective ways of coping with and adapting to stress.

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Spousal support, parent–nurse partnership and caregiver burden among parents of children with chronic diseases: A cross‐sectional study
Jihye Kim, Heemin Chae, Yoonjung Kim
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The Effects of Depression and Fear in Dual-Income Parents on Work-Family Conflict During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Gijung Jung, Ji Sun Ha, Mihyeon Seong, Ji Hyeun Song
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The significant mediators between depression and mental health recovery among community-dwelling people with a diagnosed mental disorder
Won Hee Jun, Gyungjoo Lee
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing.2022; 37: 18. CrossRef

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Testing a Model to Predict Problem Gambling in Speculative Game Users: Hyangjin Park, Suk-Sun Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(2):195-207. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.2.195

Abstract PDF: Abstract Purpose
The purpose of the study was to develop and test a model for predicting problem gambling in speculative game users based on Blaszczynski and Nower's pathways model of problem and pathological gambling.
Methods
The participants were 262 speculative game users recruited from seven speculative gambling places located in Seoul, Gangwon, and Gyeonggi, Korea. They completed a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of problem gambling, negative emotions, attentional impulsivity, motor impulsivity, non-planning impulsivity, gambler's fallacy, and gambling self-efficacy. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized model and to examine the direct and indirect effects on problem gambling in speculative game users using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs.
Results
The hypothetical research model provided a reasonable fit to the data. Negative emotions, motor impulsivity, gambler's fallacy, and gambling self-efficacy had direct effects on problem gambling in speculative game users, while indirect effects were reported for negative emotions, motor impulsivity, and gambler's fallacy. These predictors explained 75.2% problem gambling in speculative game users.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that developing intervention programs to reduce negative emotions, motor impulsivity, and gambler's fallacy, and to increase gambling self-efficacy in speculative game users are needed to prevent their problem gambling.

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Structural Equation Model of Health-Related Quality of Life in School Age Children with Asthma: Yunsoo Kim, Ho Ran Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):96-108. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.96

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to construct and test a hypothetical model of the quality of life of school-age children with asthma based on the health-related quality of life model by Wilson and Cleary.

Methods

Data were collected from 205 pairs of pediatric outpatients diagnosed with asthma and their parents in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do from July 2016 to April 2017. The exogenous variables were asthma knowledge, number of accompanying allergic diseases, and social support. The endogenous variables were asthma self-efficacy, asthma symptom control, perceived health status, parental quality of life, and children's quality of life. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed.

Results

Eighteen of the twenty-four hypotheses selected for the hypothetical model were attentive and supported statistically. Quality of life was explained by asthma self-efficacy, asthma symptom control, perceived health, parental quality of life, and asthma knowledge with 83.5%.

Conclusion

Strategies for promoting self-efficacy and enforcing asthma knowledge will be helpful for the improvement of health-related quality of life with school-aged asthmatic children.

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Nilay Çalışkan, Şeyma Genç, Güler Yıldırım, Hamit Bologur, Hilal Güngör, Merve Karaca Şahin, Muhammed Fatih Erbay, Şefika İlknur Kökcü Karadağ, Özlem Terzi, Deniz Özçeker
The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics.2024; 66(5): 534. CrossRef
Perception of quality of life in school-age children born before 32 weeks of gestational age
Amaia Merino-Hernández, Agustin Muñoz-Cutillas, Cristina Ramos-Navarro, Sara Bellón-Alonso, Juan Luis Rodríguez-Cimadevilla, Noelia González-Pacheco, Manuel Sánchez-Luna
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A Structural Equation Model of Health-Related Quality of Life among Older Women Following Bilateral Total Knee Replacement
Hyun Ok Lee, Jae Soon Yoo
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Effect of Functional Adjustment Procedure on Pain, Dysfunction and, Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Chang-Wook Bae, Jae-Bum Lee
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Analysis of the Dimensions of Quality of Life in Colombian University Students: Structural Equation Analysis
Juan-Cancio Arcila-Arango, Manuel Castro-Sánchez, Sebastian Espoz-Lazo, Cristian Cofre-Bolados, Maria Luisa Zagalaz-Sánchez, Pedro Valdivia-Moral
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(10): 3578. CrossRef

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A Structural Model for Premenstrual Coping in University Students: Based on Biopsychosocial Model: Myung-Ock Chae, Hae Ok Jeon, Ahrin Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(2):257-266. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.257

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aims of this study were to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains premenstrual coping in university students and to test the fitness with collected data.

Methods

Participants were 206 unmarried women university students from 3 universities in A and B cities. Data were collected from March 29 until April 30, 2016 using self-report structured questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 18.0.

Results

Physiological factor was identified as a significant predictor of premenstrual syndrome (t=6.45, p<.001). This model explained 22.1% of the variance in premenstrual syndrome. Psychological factors (t=-2.49, p=.013) and premenstrual syndrome (t=8.17, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of premenstrual coping. Also this model explained 30.9% of the variance in premenstrual coping in university students. A physiological factors directly influenced premenstrual syndrome (β=.41, p=.012). Premenstrual syndrome (β=.55, p=.005) and physiological factor (β=.23, p=.015) had significant total effects on premenstrual coping. Physiological factor did not have a direct influence on premenstrual coping, but indirectly affected it (β=.22, p=.007). Psychological factors did not have an indirect or total effect on premenstrual coping, but directly affected it (β=-.17, p=.036).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that strategies to control physiological factors such as menstrual pain should be helpful to improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms. When developing a program to improve premenstrual coping ability and quality of menstrual related health, it is important to consider psychological factors including perceived stress and menstrual attitude and premenstrual syndrome.

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Özlem Akın, Nülüfer Erbil
Current Psychology.2024; 43(2): 1685. CrossRef
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Su Jeong Yi, Miok Kim, Ina Park
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Hye Jin Kim, So Young Choi, Haeyoung Min
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 423. CrossRef

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Conceptual Model for Women's Health: Kyung Hye Lee; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):933-942. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.933

Abstract PDF

There has recently been an increased interest in women's health from, various disciplines, with different perspectives presented according to each profession's academic background. This has led to many instances of incorrectly defining, or misinterpretation, of the issues even among professionals. Nurse scholars as well as practitioners who work in women's health care need to have a clear conceptual understanding of women's health in order to build a body of knowledge, delineate curricular activities, and set directions for professional nursing interventions. In addition, a conceptual model that may be directly utilized in practice is needed to maintain and promote women's health issues. The purpose of this study was to apply a Hybrid model, analyzing conceptual definitions and discussions related to women's health gathered from review of the literature. Further to compare analyticals the concepts and properties observed from field work, so as to present a final definition of women's health and, build a conceptual framework for a united comprehensive perspective on the concept as well as on nursing practice. Data collection and analysis consisted of a theoretical stage, field work stage, and final analysis. a heterogeneous group of professionals and lay persons, 39 in all, participated in the field work. Study findings include several subconcepts under the concept of women's health : a women's whole life, holistic health, quality of life, awareness of being a woman, individual nursing, self care ability, reproductive health, and family health. Thus, a comprehensive definition was built, i. e., "Women's health care be defined as improvement in the quality of life of women through attainment of holistic health throughout the life span. With reproductive health at the core, the concept is directly related to family and national health, and includes taking care of one's own health based on awareness of being a woman and utilizing self care activities. Women's health care issues are unique and allow various responses, therefore women's health professionals need to apply individual approaches to reach solutions in attaining holistic health and improving quality of life." The constructual factors of women's health were found to be reproductive functions, diseases more common in woman, self actualization, mental health, women's health policies, sexuality, midlife changes, and marital relations, with each factor having more than three properties. Positive factors affecting women's health were found to be a normal childbearing process, a healthy lifestyle, active health management, health information, support and resources, and interpersonal relationships Negative factors were found to be overwhelming role stress, cultural oppression, gender inequality, distorted sexual identity, economic difficulties, misuse and/or abuse of substances, and stress. The model of women's health may be visualized as a balance scale set upon a woman's life, supporting 4 concentric circles. The innermost circle and second circle incorporate conceptual definitions of women's health, and the outer two circles represent the constructional factors and properties of women's health. Each circle has its own color that symbolizes the conceptual meaning. Positive and negative factors are represented as weights at either end of the scale, and are affected by nursing intervention, i. e., health and wellness increase when positive factors are stronger, whereas disease and illness increase when negative factors are stronger. This model is only a preliminary effort and requires much discussion and testing to be further developed. Continuous research is also required.

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Association of Participation in Health Check-ups with Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases
Bok Hyun Park, Byung-Kook Lee, Jaeouk Ahn, Nam-Soo Kim, Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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A Structural Model for Health Promotion and Quality of Life in People with Cancer: Pok Ja Oh; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(3):632-652. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.3.632

Abstract PDF

It has been noted that a genetic alteration of cells influenced by unhealthy lifestyle in addition to a series of other carcinogens increases the incidence of various neoplasmic diseases. Therefore the importance of a lifestyle that minimizes such an impact on health should be emphasized. Since stomach cancer, the most common neoplasmic disease in Korea, is related to personal lifestyle and as there is a possibility of its recurrence, patients with stomach cancer need to lead a healthy lifestyle. Also the quality of life which patients experience is negatively affected by the side effects of treatments and the possibility of recurrence. Therefore an effective nursing intervention to enhance quality of life and encourage healthy lifestyle is needed. The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for nursing intervention strategies to promote health and thus enhance quality of life. A hypothetical model for this purpose was constructed based on Pender's Health Promotion Model and Becker's Health Belief Model, with the inclusion of some influential factors such as hope for quality of life and health promoting behavior. The aims of study were to: 1) evaluate the effectiveness of patient's cognitive-perceptual factors on health promoting behaviors and quality of life; 2) examine the causal relationships among perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceived susceptibility and severity, internal locus of control, perceived health status, hope, health concept, self efficacy, self esteem, health promoting behaviors and quality of life; 3) build and test a global hypothetical model. The subjects for this study were 164 patients who were being treated for stomach cancer were approached in the outpatient clinic on a University Hospital. The data from the completed questionnaires were analyzed using Linear Structural Relationships (LISREL). The results of research are as follows: 1) Hypothetical model and the modified model showed a good fit to the empirical data, revealing considerable explanational power for health promoting behaviors(54.9%) and quality of life(87.6%) 2) Self efficacy and hope had significant effects on health promoting behaviors. Of these, hope was affected indirectly through self efficacy and self esteem. 3) Perceived health status, hope and self esteem had significant direct effect on the quality of life. Of these variables, perceived health status was the most essential factor affecting general satisfaction in life. 4) Self-efficacy, as a mediating variable, was positively affected by perceived benifit and hope. 5) Self-esteem, as a mediating variable, was positively affected by perceived health status and hope. 6) Hope was the main variable affecting self efficacy, self esteem, health promoting behaviors and quality of life. The derived model in this study could effectively be used as a reference model for further study and could suggests a direction for nursing practices.

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Quality of life patterns and its association with predictors among non-muscle invasive bladder cancer survivors: A latent profile analysis
Jeongok Park, Young Deuk Choi, Kyoungjin Lee, Miae Seo, Ahyoung Cho, Sejeong Lee, Keum-hee Nam
Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2022; 9(6): 100063. CrossRef
Posttraumatic Growth and Health Promotion Behavior in Patients with Cancer: The Mediating Effect of Spiritual Well-Being
Shunji Piao, Pok Ja Oh
Asian Oncology Nursing.2021; 21(1): 33. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth of Gynecologic Oncology Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Sun Jeong Yun, Hye Young Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 409. CrossRef
Psychosocial Adjustment in Korean Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Hyejin Sun, Jia Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(5): 545. CrossRef
A Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Cancer Patients and Cancer Survivors
So Young Baek, Ja Yun Choi
Asian Oncology Nursing.2018; 18(1): 11. CrossRef
Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Behavior, Posttraumatic Growth, and Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer according to Disease Characteristics
Jinho Choi, Sunyoung Lee, Byungduck An
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2016; 19(2): 170. CrossRef
A Predictive Model of Quality of Life for Stomach Cancer Patients with Gastrectomy
Young Suk Kim, Young Sook Tae
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(6): 613. CrossRef
The Effects of Posttraumatic Growth and Meaning in Life on Health Promotion Behavior in Cancer Patients
Sun-Hee Jang, Hae-Rang Lee, Hyung-Nam Yeu, Soon-Ock Choi
Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(2): 100. CrossRef
The Influencing Factors on Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors
Yoon Sun Kim, Young Sook Tae
Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2011; 11(3): 221. CrossRef

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Determinants of Health Promoting Behavior of Middle Aged Women in Korea: Sook Ja Lee, Eun Sook Park, Young Joo Park; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(2):320-336. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.2.320

Abstract PDF: Health promoting behaviors of an individual are affected by various variables. Recently, there has been a growing concern over important health problems of the middle aged women. Physiological changes in the middle aged women and their responsibility for family care can result in physical and psychological burden experienced by middle aged women. This study was designed to test Pender's model and thus purpose a model that explains health promoting behaviors among middle-aged women in Korea. The hypothetical model was developed based on the Pender's health promoting model and the findings from past studies on women's health. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 863 women living in Seoul, between 20th, April and 15th, July 1995. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) modeling process was used to find the best fit model which assumes causal relationships among variables. The results are as follows; 1. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good expect chi -square value (GFI=.96, AGFI=.91, RMR=.04). 2. Paths of the model were modified by considering both its theoretical implication and statistical significance of the parameter estimates. Compared to the hypothetical model, the revised model has become parsimonious and had a better fit to the data expect chi-square value (GFI=. 95, AFGI=.92, RMR=.04). 3. Some of modifying factors, especially age, occupation, educational levels and body mass index (BMI) are revealed significant effects on health promoting behaviors. 4. Some of cognitive -perceptual factors, especially internal health locus of control, self-efficacy and perceptive health status are revealed significant effects on health promoting behaviors. 5. All predictive variables of health promoting behaviors, especially age, occupation, educational levels, body mass index(BMI), internal health locus of control, self-efficacy and perceptive health status are explained 20.0% of the total variance in the model.

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Concept Analysis and Development of Suffering -Application of Hybrid Model Method: Kyung Ah Kang; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(2):290-303. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.2.290

Abstract PDF

There is a need to define the concept of suffering more appropriate in the context of Korean culture. This research is an attempt to analyze and develop the concept of suffering by applying the Hybrid Model suggested by Schwartz -Barcott and Kim. The data were collected from March 20, 1995 to September 17,1995. The subjects of the study were eight persons including in-patients and out-patients of a general hospital who were diagnosed as having cancer and those resting in sanatoria for natural treatment of cancer. Qualitative research methods of in-depth interview and participant observation were used for data collection. The contents of the interviews were recorded on tape. Data-analysis progressed according to the 3 phases suggested by the Hybrid Model. For each case, in-depth interview data and participant observation data were included and the attributes of suffering revealed in these data were analyzed. Finally, by summarizing the results from each case, the attributes of suffering, its dimensions, definition, and processes observed in the field were suggested. According to the results of the study, the following new definition of suffering is suggested: Suffering is a fundamental and inevitable experience of all human beings. When each individual experiences loss, damage, and pain which threaten one's personal integrity, suffering is perceived differently among each individual depending on their personal inner factors, one's significant others, exterior circumstances and stimuli, and the ultimate meaning of life. Suffering brings severe and unendurable distress which accompany despair, powerlessness, anxiety, bitterness, fear, anguish, guilt, depression, withdrawal and anger. The results of this study suggest that the more responsibility and burden a cancer patient felt, the more suffering she/he experienced and it tended to be more relevant to one's significant others and exterior circumstances and stimuli; the less responsibility and burden a cancer patient had, the less suffering she/he experienced and it tended to be related to one's inner factors. These findings have implications for nursing profession. When caring for patients who experience suffering, nurses need to consider the influence of responsibility, burden, and each dimension of suffering. Moreover, appropriate nursing interventions aimed at relieving pain and satisfying the spiritual need of patients experiencing loss need to be developed and implemented more widely.

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Eun Joung Choi, Hyun Mee Cho, Eun Ju Cho, Minkyung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2020; 29(3): 218. CrossRef
The Lived Experience of Suffering of Family with Cancer Patients: Parse’s Human Becoming Research Method
Ye-Sook Choi
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The Effect of Suffering Experience, Empathy Ability, Caring Behaviors on Terminal Care Performance of Clinical Nurses
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Reliability and Validity of the Suffering Scale of Family of Patients with Terminal Cancer
Kyung Ah Kang
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Death Recognition, Meaning in Life and Death Attitude of People Who Participated in the Death Education Program
Kyung Ah Kang, Kyung Soon Lee, Gang Won Park, Yong Ho Kim, Mi Ja Jang, Eun Lee
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Eun-Sook Park, Won-Oak Oh, Min-Hyun Suk, Young-Mi Yoon
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2009; 15(4): 350. CrossRef

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A Predictive Model Comparison by Sex for Alcohol Consumption Behavior among Korea University Students: Myung Sook Choi, Mee Young Im, Young Mi Yoon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(1):77-88. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.1.77

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was designed to develope and test the structural model that explains alcohol consumption behaviors among university students in Republic of Korea. The hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of the literature review and Pender's Health promotion model. Data was collected from questionnaires from 512 university students in Republic of Korea, from August to September, 2000. The reliability of instruments was adequate (Cronbach's alpha= .69-.90). Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and LISREL 8.13 program for covariance structural analysis. The results are as follows;1. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate. Thus it was modified by male and female models.2. The revised model has become parsimonious and had a better fit to the empirical data (male: x2=87.21 p=.00, GFI=.97, AGFI= .94, NFI=.99, NNFI=1.0, CN=619.17, female: x2=49.29 p=.31, GFI=.45, AGFI= .95, NFI=.99, NNFI=1.0, CN=370.02).3. Self-efficacy was most significant factor and personality of novelty seeking, reward compensation, alcohol expectancy and drinking attitude have significant effects on male alcohol consumption behavior. 4. Personality of novelty seeking was most significant factor and personality of harm avoidance, friend influence, self-efficacies, alcohol expectancy and drinking attitude have significant effects on female alcohol consumption behavior.

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The Reliability and Validity of a Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Revised (DRSEQ-R) in Korean College Students
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Construct a Structural Model for Health Promoting Behavior of Chronic Illness: Sook Ja Lee, So In Kim, Pyoung Sook Lee, Soon Yong Khim, Eun Sook Park, Young Joo Park, Ho Shin Ryu, Sung Ok Chang, Kuem Sun Han; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(1):62-76. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.1.62

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for health promoting behavior of patients with chronic disease. The hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review and Pender's health promotion model.
METHOD
Data was collected by questionnaires from 1748 patients with chronic disease in General Hospital from December 1999 to July 2000 in Seoul. The disease of subject were cardiac disease included hypertension peptic ulcer, pulmonary disease included COPD and asthma, DM, and chronic kidney disease. Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8.13 Program for Covariance structural analysis.
RESULTS
1. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, it was modified by excluding 4 path and including free parameters to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data (x2=591.83, p<.0001, GFI=0.97, AGFI= 0.94, NNFI=0.95, RMSR=0.01, RMSEA=0.05). 2. The perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the plan for action were found to have significant direct effect on health promoting behavior of chronic disease. 3. The health concept, health perception, emotional state, social support were found to have indirect effects on health promoting behavior of chronic disease.
CONCLUSION
The derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting health promoting behavior of patients with chronic disease. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested implication in nursing practice.

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Kyung Rim Shin, Younhee Kang, Hyo Jung Park, Myoung Ok Cho, Margaret Heitkemper
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Assessing Decisional Balance toward Mammography Screening in Korean Women: Young Joo Park, Sung Ok Chang, Hyun Cheol Kang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(7):1174-1180. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.7.1174

Abstract PDF

This cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the decisional balance of Korean women toward mammography screening. A sample of 1, 903 naturally postmenopausal women was selected from the community-based social groups in town or city hall auxiliaries in seven metropolitan areas and six provinces in Korea. The classification of women according to the stage of adoption of mammography was 54.9% in pre-contemplation, 31.9% in contemplation, 7.8% in action, and 5.5% in maintenance. The mean differences of pros, cons, and the decisional balance by the stage of mammography adoption were statistically significant. There were significant mean differences between the stages of adoption according to a woman's experience with and intention for mammography and the pros score, the cons score, and the decisional balance score. Results provide the empirical evidence for the Transtheoretical model. An association between stages of mammography adoption and decisional balance exists.

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Seok Won Jin, Yeonggeul Lee, David A. Dia
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Korean Nursing Students' Experience of Ethical Problems and Use of Ethical Decision-Making Models: Sung Suk Han, Hyeoun Ae Park, Sung Hee Ahn, Miriam E Cameron, Hyo Sook Oh, Kyeong Uoon Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):846-857. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.846

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to study on 1) What is nursing students' experience of ethical problems involving nursing practice? 2) What is nursing students' experience of using ethical decision-making models?
METHOD
In order to answer these two questions, we selected 97 senior baccalaureate nursing students from two Korean universities using a conceptual framework and method of content analysis.
RESULT
From 97 ethical problems emerged five content categories, the largest being ethical problems involving health professionals (69%); the basic nature of the nursing students' experience of ethical problems consisted of conflict, resolution, and rationale; 94% of the students stated that using an ethical decision-making model was helpful.
CONCLUSION
Although additional research is needed, these findings have important implications for nursing ethics education and practice.

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Myungsun Yi, Sang Eun Oh, Eun Ok Choi, In Gak Kwon, Sungbok Kwon, Kyung-mi Cho, Youngah Kang, Jeonghui Ok
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(2): 298. CrossRef
Korean Nursing Students’ Ethical Problems and Ethical Decision Making
Hyeoun-Ae Park, Miriam E Cameron, Sung-Suk Han, Sung-Hee Ahn, Hyo-Sook Oh, Kyeong-Uoon Kim
Nursing Ethics.2003; 10(6): 638. CrossRef
Legal and ethical issues: our best ethical and spiritual values
Miriam E Cameron
Journal of Professional Nursing.2003; 19(3): 117. CrossRef

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The Study on the Effect of Stage Based Exercise Motivational Intervention Program for the Elderly: Pyoung Sook Lee, Sung Ok Chang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):818-834. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.818

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study aims at confirming exercise effects on obesity, mobility, self-efficacy, process of change, and decisional component by stage based exercise motivational intervention program for the elderly. The stage based exercise intervention program was constructed based on Transtheoretical Model.
METHODS
The design of this study is nonequivalent control group with repeated measuring by quasi-experimental study. The subjects of this study, composing of experimental group of 32 and control group of 28 were selected at one institution for the aged in Seoul.
RESULTS
1) The body fat (weight, BMI and circumference of waist), of the intervention group was significantly decreased than the control group. 2) The mobility of the intervention group was not significantly increased than control group. 3) The self-efficacy, Pros, Process of Change for exercise of the intervention group was not significantly increased than the control group. 4) The Cons for exercise of intervention group was not significantly decreased than the control group.
CONCLUSION
The above result have informed us that a stage-based exercise motivational intervention program for the elderly has the effect of decreasing old persons' body fat and has value as an effective means of nursing for the elderly.

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A Structural Model for Health Promoting Behaviors in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disease: Young Joo Park, So In Kim, Pyoung Sook Lee, Soon Yong Khim, Sook Ja Lee, Eun Sook Park, Ho Shin Ryu, Sung Ok Chang, Kuem Sun Han; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(3):477-491. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.3.477

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PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. A hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 235 patients with chronic respiratory disease in a General Hospital in Seoul. Data analysis was done using SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and the PC-LISREL 8.13 Program for Covariance Structural Analysis. RESULT: The results are as follows : 1. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate. It was modified by excluding 2 path and including free parameters and 3 path to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data(X2=80.20, P=0.05, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.88, NNFI=0.95, NFI=0.96, RMSR=0.01, RMSEA =0.06). 2. The perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and a plan of action were found to have significant direct effects on the health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. 3. The health perception, self-esteem, and activity related to affect were found to have indirect effects on the health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. CONCLUSION: The modified model of this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested direction in nursing practice.

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A Predictive Model of Health Promotion Behavior in Obese School-Age Children
Mi Suk Jeon, Hyeon-Ok Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(2): 264. CrossRef
Exercise self-efficacy, exercise benefits and barriers, and commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
Yun Hee Shin, Hea Kung Hur, Nola J. Pender, Hee Jung Jang, Moon-Sil Kim
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2006; 43(1): 3. CrossRef
Test of the health promotion model as a causal model of commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean adults with chronic disease
YunHee Shin, SangKyun Yun, Nola J. Pender, HeeJung Jang
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Using methodological triangulation for cultural verification of commitment to a plan for exercise scale among Korean adults with chronic diseases
YunHee Shin, Nola J. Pender, SangKyun Yun
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Public Health Nurses' Decision Making Models and Their Knowledge Structure: Hee Jung Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(2):328-339. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.2.328

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to describe decision making model of 180 public health nurses in Korea and their knowledge structure for decision making. The differences of decision making models by nurse's knowledge structure were also tested. Research concepts were measured using the instrument based on systemic and interpretive decision making approaches that were developed by Lauri & Salantera (1995). The results were as follows. 1. The public health nurses turned to, most commonly, a mixed practical-theoretical knowledge structure (45.9%), followed by practical knowledge (32%) and theoretical knowledge (22.1%). 2. The six different decision making models were identified. These were named for decision making theories and nursing process. These were client-oriented decision making, rule-oriented systemic decision making, wholistic and intuitive decision making, decision making depending on subjective view and experience, systemic decision making for defining problems, and hypotheticodeductive decision making for defining problems. 3. The public nurses who had practical and practical-theoretical knowledge structure and community health practitioner (CHP) retold that decision making depends on subjective view and experience. Also the public health nurses who had 5~19 years clinical experience represented hypothetico-deductive decision making for defining problems.

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A Structural Model Based on Pender's Model for Quality of Life of Chronic Gastric Disease: Eun Sook Park, So In Kim, Pyoung Sook Lee, Soon Yong Khim, Sook Ja Lee, Young Joo Park, Ho Shin Ryu, Sung Ok Chang, Kuem Sun Han; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(1):107-125. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.1.107

Abstract PDF

This study was designed to construct a structural model for quality of life of chronic gastric disease. The hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review and Pender's health promotion model. Data were collected by questionnaires from 459 patients with chronic gastric disease in a General Hospital from July 1999 to August 2000 in Seoul. Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8.13 Program for Covariance structural analysis. The results are as follows : 1. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 1 path and including free parameters and 2 path to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data (Chi2=934.87, p<.0001, GFI=0.88, AGFI=0.83, NNFI=0.86, RMSR =0.02, RMSEA=0.07). 2. The perceived barrier, health promoting behavior, self-efficacy, and self-esteem were found to have significant direct effects on the quality of life. 3. The health concept, health perception, emotional state, and social support were found to have indirect effects on quality of life of chronic gastric disease. In conclusion, the derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting quality of life of chronic gastric disease. Therefore it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested direction in nursing practice.

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Exercise self-efficacy, exercise benefits and barriers, and commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
Yun Hee Shin, Hea Kung Hur, Nola J. Pender, Hee Jung Jang, Moon-Sil Kim
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2006; 43(1): 3. CrossRef
Structural Model for Quality of Life of Patients With Chronic Cardiovascular Disease in Korea
Kuem Sun Han, Sook Ja Lee, Eun Sook Park, Young-Joo Park, Kang Hyun Cheol
Nursing Research.2005; 54(2): 85???96. CrossRef
Test of the health promotion model as a causal model of commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean adults with chronic disease
YunHee Shin, SangKyun Yun, Nola J. Pender, HeeJung Jang
Research in Nursing & Health.2005; 28(2): 117. CrossRef
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KuemSun Han, PyoungSook Lee, SookJa Lee, EunSook Park
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YunHee Shin, Nola J. Pender, SangKyun Yun
Research in Nursing & Health.2003; 26(4): 312. CrossRef

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The Concept Analysis of Hope: Among Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Mi Soon Song, Eun Ok Lee, Young Sook Park, Yang Sook Hah, Young Sook Shim, Su Jeong Yu; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1279-1291. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1279

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The main objectives of this study were to analyze the concept of hope, so to provide basic data to develop a valid instrument to measure hope, and to develop hope enhancing nursing intervention a program for cancer patients. The hybrid model approach was applied in three phases, the theoretical phase, the empirical phase, and the analytic phase. The study was developed on universal attributes explaining generalized hope and specific hope, which were revealed in a comprehensive review of the literature. In the empirical phase, eight cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were interviewed to reveal causes, motivation, and their resource of hope according to The Hope Assessment Guide (Farren, Herth, & Popovich, 1995). In the analytical phase, the results of the two previous stages of the study were compared. The results were as follows: In the theoretical phase, six dimensions of hope emerged; affective, cognitive, behavioral, affiliative, temporal and contextual dimension. The antecedent of hope was loss, crisis, uncertainity, and stress. The consequences were renewal, development of new methods, safety, peace and transcendental competence. In the empirical phase, these six dimensions emerged as theoretical phases were verified and specified as these descriptive terms: feeling, intention, expectation, activity, relation, future- orientation, reality and goal-setting. The antecedent factor of hope was occurrence or recurrence of cancer. The consequence of hope was ability to cope with real condition, feeling of safety and comfort, peace, development of new strategy and recovery of disease. The major content of hope in this phase was related to specific hope, but it was also influenced on by general hope. In the analytic phase, general and specific hope was renamed as trait and state hope. All attributes emerged at the empirical phases, and also emerged at the theoretical phase. However, cognitive and contextual dimensions were revised and specified. In conclusion, the concept of hope is divided into trait hope and state hope, and state hope is an anticipatory expectation that occurs at the time of a stressful stimulus, such as being diagnosed with cancer. Hope is a multidimensional dynamic energized mental state which has the dimensions of affective, cognitive, behavioral, affiliative, temporal and contextual. There should be further studies to develope the state and trait hope scale according to definition and attributes of hope investigated in this study. In addition, considering results of the empirical phase, the family is very a important factor as a resource of hope, so it is necessary to consider family in implementing a nursing intervention program to enhance hope.

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Beyond basic psychological needs: The hope construct during adjuvant treatment in colorectal cancer patients
María Romero-Elías, David González-Cutre, Vicente J. Beltrán-Carrillo, Alejandro Jiménez-Loaisa
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Symbols of Hope on Pediatric Oncology Ward: Children's Perspective Using Photovoice
Fatemeh Ebrahimpour, Jila Mirlashari, Akram Sadat Sadat Hosseini, Fariba Zarani, Sally Thorne
Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing.2021; 38(6): 385. CrossRef
Development of the Hope Scale for Korean Cancer Patients
Young Sook Tae, Yooun Sook Choi, Gum Hee Nam, Ju Young Bae
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(2): 211. CrossRef
Factors related to Hope and Relationships between Hope, Physical Symptoms, Depressive Mood and Quality of Life in Young Adult and Prime-aged Patients with Hemodialysis
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Model Development a Womens' Health Care Center in the Community: Eun Hee Lee, Ae Young So, Sang Soon Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1195-1206. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1195

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to analyze womens' health problems using Green & Kreuter's 1991 PRECEDE model and to develop a model for a womens' health care center located in the community. The subjects were recruited from Wonju City. 1. The results showed that 23% of the sample population felt there was a need for a womens' health care center. The mean number of health problems was 3.1. The prevalence rate, was 44.4%, and the rate for an artificial abortion, was 36.4%. Also 30.5% did not have a health examination in the past year. Women using the hospital for medical care accounted for 45% of the sample, while 40% used the drugstore. The average score on the HPLP was 2.41, and this was influenced by self-efficacy, family support, sexual role, and health locus of control. There are a few educational programs in the city provided by the Wonju Health Center and by community health nurse practitioners. 2. The nursing center, as defined in North America, is a nurse-anchored system of primary health care delivery or neighborhood health center. Centers offer various services ranging from primary care to the more traditional such as education, health promotion, wellness screening, and coordination of services by advanced practice nurses. For examples in Sweden MCH centers provide total services for childbearing women and their families, sexual counseling and education for adolescents, and screening by midwives for cervical cancer. 3. The developed model combines purpose, target population, organization, and services, and is related to health resources. The purpose is primary health care and promotion of the quality of life. The target population can be grouped according to the life cycle, (premarriaged age group, the childbearing/child rearing age group, and middle aged and elderly women) and focuses on self-help. The organization of the center includes an advisory committee to plan and evaluate, and a health services team that will be multidisciplinary to provide health care, counseling education, and research. The model development suggested that a variety of women's health care centers are needed to insure adequate management of women's health. Follow-up research using PROCEED is needed to analyze health outcomes. Also a health nursing specialist system is required to develop health promotion, and improve the quality of life of women.

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