Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Nurses Professional Values Scale-3 for nursing students: a methodological study: Eun Hee Yang, Mi Yu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):93-106. Published online February 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24113

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to adapt the Nurses Professional Values Scale-3 (NPVS-3) for Korean nursing students and assess its reliability and validity.
Methods
The NPVS-3 was translated into Korean using forward and back translation with expert review. Data from 206 nursing students at four universities were analyzed to assess content, construct, discriminant, and criterion validity, as well as internal consistency.
Results
The Korean version (NPVS-3K) consisted of 21 items in three subscales: caring (eight items), activism (eight items), and professionalism (five items), explaining 60.9% of the total variance. For convergent validity, standardized coefficients for the items ranged from .56 to .81, construct reliability ranged from .89 to .95, and the average variance extracted ranged from .61 to .72. The model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (χ2=526.00 [p<.001], χ2/degrees of freedom=2.83, standardized root mean residual=.03, goodness of fit index=.81, comparative fit index=.87, Turker Lewis index=.85). Discriminant validity was confirmed using a multi-trait and multi-item matrix. Criterion validity showed positive correlations between the three NPVS-3K factors and professional identity (factor 1: r=.40, p<.001; factor 2: r=.55, p<.001; factor 3: r=.43, p<.001). Internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach’s α, was .94 overall, with subscale values of .90 for caring, .92 for activism, and .78 for professionalism.
Conclusion
The NPVS-3K demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability, establishing it as a valuable tool for assessing the professional values of Korean nursing students. Additionally, it can aid in developing educational strategies to strengthen these values, although further research is required to confirm its broader applicability.

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The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience in Chinese Nursing Students’ Professional Identity and Learning Burnout: Liu Zhang, Qin Zhang, ShuWen Li, YuHong Li, GuoCui Wu, Ying Chen, YunNa Zhou; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):509-518. Published online November 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24044

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study investigated whether professional identity predicts learning burnout among Chinese nursing students, and whether resilience moderates this relationship.
Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 635 students from a nursing college at a medical university in Hefei, China. Data were collected using the professional identity questionnaire, learning burnout scale for college students, and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between variables. The mediation effect was evaluated using linear regression and the bootstrap method in SPSS.
Results
Nursing students exhibited intermediate learning burnout levels (score: 54.95 ± 10.42). Professional identity was positively correlated with psychological resilience (r = .42, p < . 001), whereas learning burnout was negatively correlated with professional identity (r = - .54, p < . 001) and psychological resilience (r = - .57, p < . 001). Psychological resilience mediated the relationship between professional identity and learning burntout to the tune of 32.8%.
Conclusion
Psychological resilience mediates the relationship between professional identity and learning burnout. Thus, nursing educators can mitigate student burnout by developing their students' professional identities and psychological resilience.

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Association between Resilience, Professional Quality of Life, and Caring Behavior in Oncology Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study: Jeon, Misun , Kim, Sue , Kim, Sanghee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):597-609. Published online December 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23058

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The degree of caring behavior of oncology nurses is a crucial factor in the care provided to patients with cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate factors related to oncology nurses’ caring behavior, including their resilience and professional quality of life.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 107 oncology nurses at an urban tertiary hospital from May 18 to 24, 2015. We used a self-report questionnaire to measure resilience, professional quality of life, and degree of caring behavior. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 20.0.
Results
Oncology nurses presented with low levels of resilience and caring behavior, and high levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. There was a statistically significant relationship between the degree of caring behavior, resilience (r = .43, p < .001), compassion satisfaction (r = .51, p < .001), and burnout (r = - .42, p < .001), as well as between secondary traumatic stress and burnout (r = .34, p < .001). Factors associated with oncology nurses’ degree of caring behavior were compassion satisfaction (t = 6.00, p < .001) and educational level (t = 3.45, p = .001).
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that oncology nurses’ degree of caring behavior is related to their professional quality of life and education. These findings suggest that enhancing oncology nurses’ healthy coping strategies at both the individual and organizational levels can further develop holistic nursing care. Additionally, it is necessary to examine the factors affecting nurses’ compassion satisfaction and to try to promote this aspect.

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Burnout among health professionals working in oncology: current evidence and challenges for future research
Javier Martinez-Calderon, Cristina García-Muñoz
Current Opinion in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Personal and work-related factors associated with nurse resilience: An updated systematic review using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis
Fiona Yu, Deborah Raphael, Lisa Mackay, Melody Smith, Ritin Fernandez
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2025; 166: 105054. CrossRef
Mindful self-care among oncology nurses in China: a latent profile analysis
Yan Shi, Peng Wang, Lamei Liu, Mengmeng Li
BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The mediating role of compassion fatigue between perceived organization support and caring behavior among outpatient nurses in China: a cross-sectional study
Xingxing Liu, Fang He, Tian Tian, Jun Zhang, Yuanjiao Ji, Yuexia Zhong
BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Conceptual Analysis of Career Anchors of Nurses: Oh, Jae Woo , Kim, Mi Ran; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):28-38. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22091

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for career anchors of nurses by defining and organizing its concept.
Methods
Using the Walker and Avant concept analysis, a total of 29 articles were analyzed through a literature search in this study.
Results
The career anchors of nurses are individual career choice motives, a self-concept where in competency and values are harmonized, which act as a desire for growth and development in nursing, and are actions that maintain careers. Additionally, they indicate the direction for achieving individual career goals and act as a core value expected of nurses by nursing organizations, indicating continuous and integrated professional growth and development of the nursing profession.
Conclusion
The career anchors of nurses identified in the results contribute to securing patient safety, providing quality care through policies, institutionalizing bases for career development, preventing nurse turnover, and retaining skilled nurses.

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Effects of Career Anchors on Nursing Students’ Professional Self-concept and Work Values
Jae Woo Oh, Ji Ah Song
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(4): 435. CrossRef

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The Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Readiness for Practice Survey for Nursing Students: Lee, Tae Wha , Ji, Yoonjung , Yoon, Yea Seul; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(6):564-581. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22032

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Readiness for Practice Survey (K-RPS).
Method
The English Readiness for Practice Survey was translated into Korean using the Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretesting, and Documentation (TRAPD) method. Secondary data analysis was performed using the dataset from the New Nurse e-Cohort study (Panel 2020) in South Korea. This study used a nationally representative sample of 812 senior nursing students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were also conducted. Convergent validity within the items and discriminant validity between factors were assessed to evaluate con-struct validity. Construct validity for hypothesis testing was evaluated using convergent and discriminant validity. Ordinary α was used to assess reliability.
Results
The K-RPS comprises 20 items examining four factors: clinical problem solving, learning experience, professional responsibilities, and professional preparation. Although the convergent validity of the items was successfully verified, discriminant validity between the factors was not. The K-RPS construct validity was verified using a bi-factor model (CMIN/DF 2.20, RMSEA .06, TLI .97, CFI .97, and PGFI .59). The K-RPS was significantly correlated with self-esteem (r = .43, p < .001) and anxiety about clinical practicum (r = - .50, p < .001). Internal consistency was reliable based on an ordinary α of .88.
Conclusion
The K-RPS is both valid and reliable and can be used as a standardized Korean version of the Readiness for Practice measurement tool.

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Readiness for Practice among Senior Nursing Students in South Korea: A Cross-sectional Study
Jihye Kim, Kyungmi Lee, Hye Suk Jun
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(1): 54. CrossRef
The mediating effect of transition shock on the relationship between readiness for practice and turnover intention of new graduate nurses in South Korea: A longitudinal study
Taewha Lee, Eunkyung Kim, Yoonjung Ji
Nurse Education Today.2024; 143: 106394. CrossRef

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Factors Influencing Nurses’ Performance of Care in COVID-19 Wards: Kim, Yoon Sun , Kim, Mi-Ae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(6):678-688. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21131

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing nurses’ performance of care in COVID-19 wards.
Methods
The participants were 132 nurses who worked in COVID-19 wards at three hospitals, and were recruited from April 1 to May 31, 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 24.0 program.
Results
Nursing performance was significantly and positively correlated with ethical sensitivity (r = .75, p < .001), nursing professionalism (r = .67, p < .001), and social support (r = .67, p < .001). Nursing professionalism was positively correlated with ethical sensitivity (r = .64, p < .001) and social support (r = .55, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis for nursing performance revealed that the most significant factor was ethical sensitivity (β = .47, p < .001). Ethical sensitivity, nursing professionalism, and social support explained 66.0% of total variance in nursing performance.
Conclusion
Ethical sensitiviy, nursing professionalism, and social support significantly influence nurses’ performace of care in COVID-19 wards. It suggests that intervention programs should be directed at improving nurses’ ethical sensitivity, bolstering social support, and enhancing nursing professionalism.

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The Influence of Knowledge on Standard Precautions, Nursing Professionalism, and Organizational Culture for Infection Control on Hospital Nurses’ Performance with Guidelines for Standard Precautions
Jiwon Kim, Hyojung Park
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Mi Hyang Lee, Sun Hwa Jun
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Gun Ja Jang, Shin Jeong Park, Sangjin Ko
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(4): 363. CrossRef
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Ji Eun Oh, Ju Young Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(5): 499. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Development of an Instrument to Assess the Nursing Professional Pride: Jeon, JaeHee , Lee, EunHee , Kim, EunJoo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):228-241. Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.228

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess nursing professional pride.
Methods
Fifty-six preliminary items were identified through literature review and focus group interview of nurses working in a hospital. Of these, 45 preliminary instruments were completed over 0.80 of content validity index. To verify the reliability and validity of the preliminary instrument, data were collected from 294 nurses. The data were analyzed using factor analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis.
Results
From the factor analysis, 27 significant items were divided into 5 subscales. These subscales were as follows: feeling of vocation, role satisfaction, role of problem solver, self-achievement, and willingness to stay. The nursing professional pride also established criterion-related validity, discriminant validity, and group validity. Cronbach’s a of the instrument was .92, and the subscales ranged from .74 to .85.
Conclusion
The developed scale for nursing professional pride shows validity and reliability. The significance of this study is the development of an instrument capable of measuring nursing professional pride. To verify the relevance of this instrument, conducting comparative studies is suggested.

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Effect of a Nursing Practice Environment, Nursing Performance on Retention Intention: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Nursing Professional Pride
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Factors Influencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Hospital Clinical Nurses during COVID-19 in Korea: Resilience, Social Support, and Professional Pride in Nursing
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Concept Development of Political Competence for Nurses: Nam Kyung Han, Gwang Suk Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):81-100. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.81

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to define and clarify the concept of political competence for nurses.

Methods:

A hybrid model method was used to investigate the dimensions, attributes, and definitions of the concept. In the theoretical stage of the study, literature on nursing, politics, and other discipline were reviewed. In the fieldwork stage, individual in-depth interviews and focus groups interviews were conducted with politically seasoned experts or activists who had an understanding of the concept of political competence for extensive descriptions in nursing and field of health care.

Results:

The concept of political competence was represented in four dimensions as political knowledge, political efficacy, political interaction, and political activity. In the political knowledge dimension, there were three attributes, namely, political knowledge, political information and systematic analysis ability. The political efficacy dimension had three attributes of internal political efficacy, external political efficacy, and self-pride of nursing profession. The political interaction dimension had three attributes of organizations and community service, networking, and persuasive power. The political activity dimension had six attributes of political leadership, political expression, assertive behavior, political advocacy, political participation, and policy intervention.

Conclusion

This concept development might provide a basic understanding of developing a measurement tool and for constructing a theory promoting nurses’ political competence.

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The Effect of Nurse's Emotional Labor on Turnover Intention: Mediation Effect of Burnout and Moderated Mediation Effect of Authentic Leadership: Soo Yang Na, Hanjong Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):286-297. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.286

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

To investigate the effect of nurses’ emotional labor on their turnover intention that was mediated by burnout and to examine the moderated mediation effect of authentic leadership.

Methods

A total of 227 nurses working at two general hospitals in Seoul were recruited from March 21 to May 6 in 2016. Emotional labor including surface acting and deep acting; burnout factors such as emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment; and turnover intention were assessed. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro.

Results

Surface acting significantly increased emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment. Deep acting significantly increased personal accomplishment. Emotional exhaustion significantly increased turnover intention. Conversely, personal accomplishment significantly reduced turnover intention. Surface acting had an indirect effect on turnover intention that was mediated by emotional exhaustion. Deep acting had an indirect effect on turnover intention that was mediated by personal accomplishment. Authentic leadership had a moderated mediation effect on the relationship between surface acting and turnover intention that was mediated by emotional exhaustion.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that the establishment of strong authentic leadership by head nurses would help nurses reduce their burnout and turnover intention. Conducting intervention studies would be also important to promote better work environments that would enable nurses to fortify the positive aspect of emotional labor and to reduce their burnout levels.

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Shin Hee Kim, Mi Sook Oh, Yun Bok Kwak
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The Relationship between School Managers' Authentic Leadership Behaviors and Teachers' Emotional Labor Behaviors
Mehmet Akif Köse, Esra Töre
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Patient Safety Teaching Competency of Nursing Faculty: Shinae Ahn, Nam-Ju Lee, Haena Jang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(6):720-730. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.720

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate patient safety teaching competency of nursing faculty and the extent of teaching patient safety topics in the nursing curriculum.

Methods

A national survey was conducted with full-time nursing faculty in 4-year nursing schools. Regional quota sampling method was used. An online survey was sent to 1,028 nursing faculty and 207 of them were completed. Among the 207, we analyzed data from 184 participants. The revised Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses.

Results

The faculty's self-confidence was lower than their perceived importance of patient safety education. The mean score of teaching patient safety was 3.52±0.67 out of 5, and the contents were mostly delivered through lectures. The extent of faculty's teaching varied depending on faculty's clinical career, teaching subjects, participation in practicum courses, and previous experience of patient safety education. The significant predictors of the extent of teaching patient safety were the faculty's self-confidence in teaching patient safety (β=.39) during clinical practicum, their perceived importance of patient safety education during lectures (β=.23), and the teaching subject (β=.15).

Conclusion

To enhance the competency of nursing faculty for effective patient safety education, a patient safety education program tailored to faculty characteristics should be developed and continuously provided for faculty. In addition, it is necessary to improve patient safety curriculum, strengthen clinical and school linkages, and utilize various education methods in patient safety education.

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A Study of Professional Attitudes and Mental Health of Clinical Nurses: Kung Soon Han, Soon Ku Yum, Ju Yeon Cho, Youn Kang Chung; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):364-376. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.364

Abstract PDF: This study was made to analyse the nursing professional attitudes and mental health of clinical nurses in order to promote good mental health and positive attitudes. The 150 subjects obtained from 3 hospitals in Seoul completed a self-report questionnaire. Demographic data was collected in addition to data about nursing professional attitudes and mental health. The data was analyzed by SAS, t-test, scheffe's test, pearson's correlation and the GLM procedures. The results of the data analysis as follows : 1) Nursing professional attitudes were positive(MS=3.76). 2) Mental health was shown to be satisfactory (MS=0.65). 3) The relationship between nursing professional attitudes and mental health of the subjects were shown to be significant according to the professional education(r=-0.19, p=0.03*), anxiety(r=-0.23, p=0.01**), hostility(r=-0.09, p=0.03*), phobicanxiety(r=-0.18, p=0.04*), but there was a significant difference according to the purist of social profit with anxiety(r=-0.17, p=0.03*). There was a significant difference according to autonomy with somatization(r=-0.23, p=0.01**), obsessive-compulsive(r=-0.22, p=0.01**), depression(r=-0.20, p=0.02*), anxiety((r=-0.17, p=0.05*). Finally, There was a significant difference according to ethics with hostility(r=-0.17, p=0.05*). 4) According to nursing professional attitudes and demographic factors there was a significant difference in the professional position(t=2.01, p=0.05*), work location(f=4.99, p=0.01**), length of employment(r=3.66, p=0.03*). 5) The nursing professional attitudes and occupational factors showed a positive correlation with the anticipation of length of employment(t=2.00, p=0.05*). 6) According to Mental health and dmographic factors there was a significant correlation with the professional position(t=-2.21, p=0.03*). 7) According to mental health and occupational factors there was a significant difference correlation. Based on the study results, the following recommendation are made : 1) Nursing education curriculum should be developed for the continuous promotion of mental of professional nurses. 2) Follow up study of identification of the variables which positively influence professional nurses attitudes.

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A Study on Needle Stick Injuries in Health Professionals: Young Boon Kim; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(3):605-622. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.3.605

Abstract PDF

Needle stick injury, in which blood-borne pathogens including Human Immuno-Deficiency virus and hepatitis B virus are transmitted, is one of the major occupational hazards that health professionals face everyday. In order to provide basic data for the development of educational programs for health professionals aimed at preventing and effectively managing needle stick injuries, a retrospective descriptive study was carried out. The subjects of the study were 630 health professionals, 499 nurses and 131 physicians, from two university hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Data on episodes of needle stick experiences; over the past is months September 1994 through August 1995, were collected between September 1 and 7, 1995. A Questionaire developed by the researcher was used. The frequencies and the percentile score for episodes of needle stick injuries were calculated using the PC-SAS program. The differences and similarities in reference to the structure, career, and specialty variables were analysed by X2-tests. Results are as follows: 1. Of the sample, 521 (82.7%) reported a needle stick injury, 33.4% reported 3 or more episodes of needle stick injuries. 2. The needle stick injuries occured in the following processes; process of percutaneous venepuncture for intra-venous injection and infusion(55.3%), medical examination and treatment(48.9%), percutaneous venepuncture for blood sampling (46. 3%) and intra-muscular injection (42.2%). 3. The study showed that needle stick injuries occured before(19%), during(25%), and after (56%) client treatment. The major causes of needle stick injuries were perceived to be hastiness (82.2%) and carelessness (48.3%). Of these injuries, 91.8% occured in emergency situations. 4. Follow of care for the injury consisted of; treating the injured site immediately using disinfectants (89.7%), reviewing the clinical records of the patient involved (84.2%), immunological investigation for the status of anti-bodies(ll.l%) and self-medication of antibiotics (10.7%). Only 16.3% of the total episodes were founded to have been reported to the administrative unit. 5. The length of clinical experience of the nurses, clinical specialty and length of clinical experience in physicians were found to have influenced the episodes of needle stick injuries; nurses with less than 1 year and with more than 6 years of clinical experiences had significantly lower levels (X2=25.04, P=.00), surgeons had significantly higher levels(X2=9.89, P=.02) compared to that of internists and interns, higher(X2=4.54, P= .03) than residents.

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Occupational Infection in Korea
Yun Kyung Chung, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Jae Sim Jeong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S53. CrossRef

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An Analytical Study of the Professional Self-Concept of Hospital Nurses in Korea: Kyeong Yae Sohng, Choon Hee Noh; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(1):94-106. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.1.94

Abstract PDF

Nursing literature suggests that the self-concept of nurses gives an important implications to educators and administrators as well as clinicians for their professional development. With a view to ex ploring how nurses view themselves, the Professional Self-Concept of Nurses Instrument (PSCNI) using 27 Likert items was developed by Arthur in Australia in 1990. This study is an extension of the PSCNI using Korean samples with some modifications. A convenience sample was drawn from 800 nurses working in three university hospitals in Seoul; three university hospitals in Kyonggi-do and a university hospital and a psychiatric hospital in Kangwon-do. Seven hundred questionnaires were analyzed using the statistical analysis system(SAS). The reliability of the scale was tested by test-retest and Cronbach's alpha. Differences in the PSCNI, which are closely related to demographic variables, were examined by t-test, ANOVA and the Duncan's multiple range test. Factor analysis was employed so as to examine component factors. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The test-retest reliability of the PSCNI was .79 and Cronbach's alpha was .85. Item correlations with total revealed consistent correlations and subscale reliability varied from .49 to .85. 2. The average score of PSCNI was 75.21 and average item score was 2.79. 3. Twenty four items were derived from the PSCNI 27 items and these items clustered in three component factors. The cumulative percent of variance was 38.12% and for factor 1 was 22.81%, for factor 2, 9.79% and for factor 3, 5.51% respectively. 4. A comparison of the scores for the dimensions of the PSCNI shows a relative difference in terms of mean item scores and in decending order, professional practice (m=2.83), communication (m=2.82) and satisfaction (m=2.70). 5. Professional self-concept of nurses was found to vary significantly according to age(P=.0001), re-ligion (P=,0001), academic background(P= .0109), marital status (P=. 0001), career (P= . 0001) and position (P=. 0001). In conclusion, there was a correlation between professional self-concept of nurses, and life and work variables. This study provides an important message for administrators and nurse educators by highlighting factors which can be addressed by education programs, staff development and appraisal. While the test results largely confirm the Australian and Canadian tests, further research is necessary to improve the cumulative percent of variance instead of applying Arthur's PSCNI directly to Korean nurses.

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Reconstruction of Professional Identity in Clinical Nurses: Hyun Sook Kang, Kyoul Ja Cho, Nam Hee Choe, Won Ock Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(4):470-481. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.4.470

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PURPOSE: This study was carried out to identify and re-establish the professional identity in clinical nurses. METHOD: From Dec. 1999, for 4 months, the study had been conducted by narrative analysis method based on hermeneutic principles. Subjects were ten nurses with 3-4 years of nursing experience at a university hospital. The data were collected and transcribed through narrative interviews. RESULT: As a result, the maternal role was identified as the most dominant discourse in which nurses formed their identity. Subjects felt that a maternity is socio-culturally needed in case of nursing. Reconstruction of professional identity consists of 3 stages, Telling, Retelling and Rebuilding. At first, nurses felt confused by skeptism of the profession, interpersonal difficulties, and heavy work loads. However, during the interviews, nurses recognized that nursing is not regarded as significant, effort to make nursing meaningful were small, and there was a lack of understanding others. From this new insight, they re-established a new image of nursing "through better understanding of others, seeking knowledge, and making positive efforts towards qualified nursing". CONCLUSION: The above narrative interviews may help nurses reflect and contextually interpret themselves, so that a new identity could be established. Furthermore researchers can obtain new insight from the subjects, while the subjects form a new nursing image from self-reflection.

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Hyoung-Sook Park, Su-Jung Ha, Jung-Ha Park, Ji-Hyoung Yu, Sang-Hwa Lee
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A Comparative Study on Main Role, Professional Self Concept and Job Satisfaction of Public Health Nurses and Clinical Nurses: Ki Wol Sung; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(2):219-230. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.2.219

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was aimed at comparing and evaluating one main role, the professional self concept and job satisfaction of public health nurses and clinical nurses. METHOD: The data was collected from 72 nurses in 8 health centers and 86 nurses in 5 hospitals in Daegu city and Kyungpook province from May 5th to June 5th, 2001. This study was interviewed by trained social workers. The origin of questionnaires used in this study were PSCNI(Professional Self-Concept of Nurses Instrument) to measure the professional self concept of nurses and JDI(Job Descriptive Index) to measure the job satisfaction of nurses. The data was analyzed by SAS(version 6.12) and statistical methods used were Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA(analysis of variables) and ANCOVA(analysis of covariate). RESULT: The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The most important domain in the main role of public health nurses were as counsellors, managers, mediators and evaluators. In clinical nurses, their main roles were, directors of nursing, researchers, spokesmans, and informers. 2. Public health nurses showed lower scores in the professional self concept of nurses than clinical nurses, what statistically significant tool was used to suggest this finding. 3. Public health nurses showed higher scores in job satisfaction than clinical nurses, but again, explain the tool used in these findings for give a rationals. 4. For public health nurses, general characteristics which affected professional self concept were age, educational level, and duration of job. In clinical nurses, the general characteristics which affected professional self concept were age, religion, marital status, and duration of job. 5. For public health nurses, there was no general characteristic which affected job satisfaction. In clinical nurses, the general characteristics which affected job satisfaction were age, religion, and duration of job. CONCLUSION: Nursing profession should give a training to competent nurses who can deliver high quality care to meet the needs of health consumers. The role of nurses has been expended and specialized as health conception has been changed in Korea.

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Jeong Sook Park
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Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(3): 526. CrossRef
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Concept Analysis of Professional Nurse Autonomy: Sung Ai Chi, Hyung Sook Yoo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):781-792. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.781

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Professional nurse Autonomy is an essential attribute of a discipline striving for full professional status. PURPOSE: This study was to clarify the concept of professional nurse autonomy to provide basic data needed for development of professional autonomy enhancing strategies. METHOD: This study use the process of Walker & Avante's concept analysis based on Wade's research (1999), and field data of 21 nurses. RESULTS: Professional nurse autonomy is defined as competency and creative performance of the professional nurse in practice, to decide independently or interdependently nursing activities and to be had accountable for results of decisions, that reflect advocacy and caring. It was identified that critical attributes include responsible discretionary decision making, collegial interdependence, initiative, creativity, and caring, advocacy, cooperative relationship with clients, receptive capacity to others, activeness, self confidence, and devotion and responsibility to their profession. Antecedents include personal characteristics, educational background, experience and structural characteristics that enhance professional nurse autonomy. Consequences of professional nurse autonomy are feelings of self-efficacy, empowerment, job satisfaction, reduction of intention to leave their job. CONCLUSION: According to these results, it is recommended that the curriculum provides an environment for learning professional nurse autonomy, and that is used as basic data to develope strategies to enhance professional autonomy of nurse in practice and it's effects.

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Bokja Koak, Junglim Seo, Eunji Song, Haneul Shin, Jaehee Jeon
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Clinical Nurses' Professional Conflicts: Kwuy Bun Kim, Hea Sook Kim, Kyung Ho Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(3):492-505. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.3.492

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study aims to find the sources of nurses' conflicts and to find ways to eliminate them for improved nursing care. METHOD: This study is based on a phenomenological approach. All participants were woking at K-hospital, located in Seoul. The research was performed from September 2000 to February 2001. Data was collected through interviews and observations while participants were working. Interviews lasted a duration of one and half hours and data collection accured five to six times per participant. The data were analysed by Giorgi
method
and the results are as follows:
RESULT
Essential themes in the professional conflict of clinical nurses emerged (1) The discords of human relationships ; (2) Dissatisfaction with working conditions; (3) Lack of self-respect in one's professional expertise ; (4) Dissatisfaction with one's work ; (5) Depression accurring due to one's ability as a professional. CONCLUSION: The foregoing arguments suggest that nurses perform stressful environments in a hospital originating from the relationship among peer group, working conditions, and lack of self-respect as a nurses. Therefore, hospital authorities should strangly consider working conditions, interpersonal relationships, and working conditions in order to promote self-respect of the nurses hospitals.

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Nurse's Perception of Technological Development and Professional Self-Concept: Choon Hee Noh, Kyeong Yae Sohng; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1368-1378. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1368

Abstract

This study was conducted to explore the nurse's perception of technological development and professional self-concept. The research subjects were 560 clinical nurses in Korea, who worked the general hospitals in Seoul, Kyeonggi, and the Kangwon province. Data sampling was done for the month, of December. 1997. The research tool consisted of 82 items questionnaires which were demographic data, TIQ, PSCNI. The research findings were as follows: 1. Nurses perceived the technological development as slightly positive (Mean =48.8). Also, nurses saw that the fastest developing technological nursing unit was the cardiac care unit, while the lowest technological developing nursing unit was the psychiatric unit. 2. The view of technological development was found to be significantly different according to religion (P=.0109), marital status (P=.0431), and the practical setting (P=.0048). Professional self concept was significantly different according to age (P=.0001), religion (P=.0001), education (P=.0007), marital status (P=.0000), career (P=.0001), and position (P=.0000). 3. The relationship between a nurse's perception of technological development and professional self-concept was highly correlated(r=.26, P=.0001). In the results of the multiple regression, the factors influencing professional self-concept were career, the nurse's perception of technological development,the level of technological development in nursing unit, and education. All these parameters showed the explaining power of 15.4% of the professional self-concept. In conclusion, nurses recognized the technological development was related to the professional self-concept. This study shed light on the meaning of technological development and vision of the nursing profession. Inservice education program should be developed to help the adaptability to technological development and conduct the qualitative research to explore the world of technological development which the nurses are experiencing in nursing.

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Comparison of Professional Self-Concepts and Care Perceptions between Emergency Medical Technician Trainees and Emergency Medical Technician Basics
Chang-Hee Lee, Jun-Ho Jung
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A Study on the Burden of Family Caregiving with the Mentally Ill and Professional Needs to It: Hyun Ju Oh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(1):202-212. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.1.202

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the burden of family with the mentally ill and professional needs. Data collection period was from June 29, 1998 to July 30, 1998. The subjects for the study was 134 family members of psychiatric in-patients and out-patients in Taejon and Chungnam. The questionnaire developed by OK-KYUNG YANG to measure the family burden and professional needs was used for this study. The tools used for this study were composed of General characteristics(30 items), family burden(43 items), professional needs(26 items). The data was analyzed by using on SPSSWIN program and included percentage, mean, S.D., t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the analysis were as follows; The mean score of family burden was 134.26, which is higer than the mean score of the instrument. The mean score of professional need, the family caregiver who supporting of mentally ill patients, was .48 which is lower than the mean score of the instrument. Family burden was statistically correlated with professional needs(gamma=.6139, P<.001). There were statistically differences in family burden for respondent's relation, location of living, most care money giver, substant care money giver. There were statistically significant difference in professional need for family age, marriage status, substant care money giver, information status. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that addressing professional needs would contribute to reduce burden of the family caregivers with mentally ill. Therefore, Nursing interventions are needed to reduce family burden.

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Hyun Mee Joe, Eun Joung Choi
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A Professional Nursing Practice Environment and Its Impact on Nurses' Task Motivation: So Young Kang, Young Rhan Um, Sung Suk Han; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(2):353-361. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.2.353

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was aimed at (a) describing professional nursing practice environments embedded in nursing care units and (b) examining its relationships to nurses' task motivation.

Method

Using the Nursing Work Index Revised (NWI-R) and the Work Preference Inventory (WPI), a descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 320 registered nurses on 26 nursing care units in one University hospital in Korea.

Result

Mean scores were 12.9 on a 5-20 score range of an autonomous environment scale, 7.3 on a 3-12 score range of a collaborative environment, and 15.8 on a 7-28 score range of control over nursing practice. Nurses' age, educational level, job position, working period at the hospital and employment status were significantly related to the degree of a professional practice environment. The extent to which a professional practice environment accounted for task motivation was 19.5%.

Conclusion

There is a certain degree of professionalism in the workplace environment that nurses perceived within the nursing care units. When nurses care for patients, the degree of task motivation depends on the work environment supporting the professional nursing practice.

Citations

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Impact of Unit-level Nurse Practice Environment on Nurse Turnover Intention in the Small and Medium Sized Hospitals
Jeong Ok Kwon, Eun-Young Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2012; 18(4): 414. CrossRef
Construct Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index for Korean Nurses
Eunhee Cho, Mona Choi, Eun-Young Kim, Il Young Yoo, Nam-Ju Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(3): 325. CrossRef
Predictors of the Clinical Competence in New Graduate Nurses
Youn-Wha Shin, Haejung Lee, Yeonjung Lim
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Nurse's Perception of Technological Development, Caring Attributes and Professional Self-Concept in YanBian: Choon Hee Noh, Kyoung Ae Kim, Chun Yu Li, Jin Sook Lee, Su Sie Kim, Kyeong Yae Sohng; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(3):356-364. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.3.356

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe technological development, caring attributes and professional self-concept as perceived by nurses in YanBian.
Method
Data were collected using an instrument containing 137 Likert items was administered to 477 RN's working in general hospitals in YanBian. The instrument contained sections which examined technological influences questionnaire(TIQ), caring attributes questionnaire(CAQ), and professional self-concept nursing inventory(PSCNI).
Result
Descriptive and inferential statistics revealed by marital status and position. Married, working special ward nurses reported a higher TIQ score than that of unmarried and working general ward and OPD. PSCNI and CAQ score of head or supervisor nurses were higher than that of staff nurses. Subjects revealed very low score of CAQ, while PSCNI score was higher than that of other Asian countries such as Korea, Beijing China, HongKong China and Japan as proved in former study.
Conclusion
Useful information for educators and nurse administrators is provided from this results. Further study needs to be done to discuss in the light of cultural and environmental differences between YanBian(Korean-Chinese) and Korean nurses.

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Development of the Transition Shock Scale for Newly Graduated Nurses: Eun-Young Kim, Jung Hee Yeo, Kyeong Im Yi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(5):589-599. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.5.589

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess the transition shock experienced by newly graduated nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the scale.

Methods

The initial items were identified through a review of literature and in-depth interviews with nine newly graduated nurses. Content validation of the items was evaluated by five nurse professors and three nurses. Participants were 269 newly graduated nurses who worked at six acute care hospitals in Busan, Ulsan, and Yangsan, South Korea. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency.

Results

The final scale consisted of 18 items and six factors (conflict between theory and practice, overwhelming workload, loss of social support, shrinking relationship with co-workers, confusion in professional nursing values, and incongruity in work and personal life), which explained 71.3% of the total variance. The six subscale model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha for the total items was. 89. Convergent validity was evaluated by analyzing total correlation with burnout (r=.71, p<.001) and turnover intention (t=5.84, p<.001).

Conclusion

This scale can be used in the development of nursing interventions to reduce the transition shock experienced by newly graduated nurses.

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The Effects of Violence Coping Program Based on Middle-Range Theory of Resilience on Emergency Room Nurses’ Resilience, Violence Coping, Nursing Competency and Burnout: Seung Min Lee, Kyung Mi Sung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):332-344. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.332

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a violence coping program (VCP) based on Polk's middle-range theory of resilience on nursing competency, resilience, burnout, and the ability to cope with violence in nurses working in emergency rooms.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study, with a nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design, was conducted. Participants were 36 nurses who worked in emergency rooms and had experienced violence; 18 nurses from D hospital and 18 nurses from C hospital were assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group received the VCP twice per week for 8 weeks.

Results

Levels of resilience, F=59.41, p<.001, active coping behavior, c²=33.09, p<.001, and nursing competency, F=59.41 p<.001, increased significantly and levels of passive coping behavior, c²=22.92, p<.001, and burnout, F=52.74, p<.001, decreased significantly in the experimental group.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the VCP could be an effective strategy for reducing burnout and improving resilience, active coping behavior, and nursing competency. Therefore, it would be a useful intervention for improving the quality of nursing care provided in emergency rooms.

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A Study on the Classification of Nursing Management Competencies and Development of related Behavioral Indicators in Hospitals: Seong Yeol Kim, Jong Kyung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):375-389. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.375

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to classify nursing management competencies and develop behavioral indicators for nurse managers in hospitals. Also, levels of importance and performance based on developed criteria were to be identified and compared.

Methods

Using expert survey we classified nursing management competencies and behavioral indicators with data from 34 nurse managers and professors. Subsequently, data from a survey of 216 nurse managers in 7 cities was used to analyze the importance-performance comparison of the classified nursing management competencies and behavioral indicators.

Results

Forty-two nursing management competencies were identified together with 181 behavioral indicators. The mean score for importance of nursing management competency was higher than the mean score for performance. According to the importance-performance analysis, 5 of the 42 nursing management competencies require further development: vision-building, analysis, change management, human resource development, and self-management competency.

Conclusion

The classification of nursing management competencies and behavioral indicators for nurse managers in hospitals provides basic data for the development and evaluation of programs designed to increase the competency of nurse managers in hospitals

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Analysis of Burnout and Job Satisfaction among Nurses Based on the Job Demand-Resource Model: Young-Hee Yom; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(1):114-122. Published online February 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.114

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine burnout and job satisfaction among nurses based on Job Demand-Resource Model.

Methods

A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 464 hospital nurses. Analysis of data was done with both SPSS Win 17.0 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 18.0 for the structural equation model.

Results

The hypothetical model yielded the following Chi-square=34.13 (p = <.001), df=6, GFI=.98, AGFI=.92, CFI=.94, RMSR=.02, NFI=.93, IFI=.94 and showed good fit indices. Workload had a direct effect on emotional exhaustion (β = 0.39), whereas supervisor support had direct effects on emotional exhaustion (β = -0.24), depersonalization (β = -0.11), and low personal accomplishment (β = -0.22). Emotional exhaustion (β = -0.42), depersonalization (β = -0.11) and low personal accomplishment (β = -0.36) had significant direct effects on job satisfaction.

Conclusion

The results suggest that nurses' workload should be decreased and supervisor's support should be increased in order to retain nurses. Further study with a longitudinal design is necessary.

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Role Transition from Clinical Nurse to Case Manager for Medical-aid Beneficiaries: Taking Root in a Barren Land: Eun-Jun Park, Chunmi Kim, Seung Joo Lim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(2):149-160. Published online April 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.149

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explain the role transition process to nurse case managers (NCMs) for Medical-aid beneficiaries in Korea.

Methods

Fourteen NCMs were interviewed regarding their experiences of becoming proficient in the new role of case manger. Data were analyzed through the application of grounded theory.

Results

'Taking root in a barren land' was the core category explaining the role transition process of NCMs. They engaged in four stages: launching, trial and error, proficiency, and wait-and-see stages. NCMs showed not only fear but also passion for case management practice. Despite their passion and effort, NCMs went through a period of trial and error. After becoming skilled, NCMs went through a stage of wait-and-see often because of job insecurity related to temporary position or few opportunities for promotion. Factors influencing NCMs' role transition process included their understanding of client characteristics, belief in case management, and support from their colleagues and families.

Conclusion

NCMs experience many challenges in the process of becoming proficient NCMs. To help with their role transition, there is a need for education programs, preceptorship programs, research on their roles and functions, and regulation for securing NCMs' employment and career stability.

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Construct Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index for Korean Nurses: Eunhee Cho, Mona Choi, Eun-Young Kim, Il Young Yoo, Nam-Ju Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(3):325-332. Published online June 13, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.3.325

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of PES-NWI measuring nursing work environments in hospitals.

Methods

The Korean version of the PES-NWI was developed through forward-backward translation techniques, and revision based on feedback from focus groups. An internal consistency reliability and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS WIN (16.0) and AMOS (18.0). Survey data were collected from 733 nurses who worked in three acute care hospitals in Seoul, South Korea.

Results

The Korean version of PES-NWI showed reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha for the total scale of .93. Factor loadings of the 29 items on the five subscales ranged from .28 to .85. The five subscales model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (RMR<.05, CFI>.9).

Conclusion

The findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean version of PES-NWI has satisfactory construct validity and reliability to measure nursing work environments of hospitals in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Use of Physical Assessment Skills and Education Needs of Advanced Practice Nurses and Nurse Specialists: Hyunsook Shin, Bog-Ja Kim, Hee Sun Kang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(5):709-719. Published online October 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.5.709

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The study was done to investigate physical assessment skills used by, and educational needs of, advanced practice nurses (APNs) and nurse specialists in Korea.

Methods

A total of 123 APNs and nurse specialists working in five major hospitals in Seoul were surveyed from July 15 to August 20, 2007.

Results

Fourteen skills out of 126 items were reported as being performed on a regular basis by participants. The majority of these skills involved general observation. Forty-six skills were rarely used. Some participants showed a lack of confidence in certain assessment skills, such as in doing a rectal or pelvic exam, and the use of some assessment equipment. Over 90% of participants required in-depth education on health assessment provided by specialists or nursing professional organizations.

Conclusion

More educational opportunities in physical assessment should be provided including education programs based on the nurses' skill levels and needs. This effort will help to increase confidence of APNs and nurse specialists in physical assessment skills, ultimately resulting in better nursing outcomes.

Citations

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Banu Çevik, Ziyafet Uğurlu, Elif Akyüz, Sultan Kav, Asuman Ersayın
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Development of a Nursing Professional Values Scale: Eun Ja Yeun, Young Mi Kwon, Ok Hee Ahn; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(6):1091-1100. Published online October 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.6.1091

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure nursing professional values.

Method

Forty preliminary items were selected by classifying 223 basic items extracted via a literature study and in-depth interviews of subjects and testing the relevance of their contents. In order to verify the reliability and relevance of the preliminary instrument, data was collected from 504 nurses in 3 general hospitals.

Result

As a result of the item analysis, 29 items were selected from a total of 40 items. Five factors were extracted by factor analysis, and the total variance was 51.5%. For the explanation of variances by factors, the 1st factor, ‘self-concept of the profession’ accounted for 14.8%, the 2nd factor, ‘social awareness’ 12.1%, the 3rd factor, ‘professionalism of nursing’ 9.8%, the 4th factor, ‘the roles of nursing service’ 9.1%, and the 5th factor, ‘originality of nursing’, 5.6%. Cronbach's Alpha of those 29 items was .9168, which was high.

Conclusion

This paper is meaningful in a way that it developed a tool capable of measuring nursing professional values, which reflects the characteristics of our country. In order to re-verify the relevance and stability of this tool, it is necessary that comparative studies should be conducted.

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The Open Public Health Journal.2019; 12(1): 206. CrossRef
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Quality Improvement in Health Care.2018; 24(2): 26. CrossRef
Burnout amongst Nurses in Cancer Wards: Impact of Nursing Professionalism, Perfectionism, and Resilience
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Factors That Influence Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Attitudes of Pediatric Nurses in Korea
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Journal of Forensic Nursing.2018; 14(1): 31. CrossRef
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Fiona Timmins, Carole King, Jan MA de Vries, Martin Johnson, John G Cullen, Carol Haigh
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2018; 27(19-20): 3687. CrossRef
The influence of Nursing Professionalism, Attitudes toward Advance Directive, and Death Anxiety on Terminal Care Performance of Nurses in Long-term Care Hospitals
Eun Hee Park, Nam Young Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(2): 183. CrossRef
Effects of Job Embeddedness and Nursing Professionalism on Intent to Stay in Hospital Nurses
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(3): 234. CrossRef
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Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2017; 42(3): 216. CrossRef
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Nurse Education Today.2017; 57: 24. CrossRef
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Professionalism and professional quality of life for oncology nurses
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Journal of Clinical Nursing.2016; 25(19-20): 2835. CrossRef
The Effects of Nursing Professionalism and Gratitude Disposition on the Happiness in Senior Nursing Students
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Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(3): 434. CrossRef
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The Correlation between Nursing Professional Values and Job Satisfaction Depending on the Types of Visiting Nurses' Personality
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2012; 21(2): 77. CrossRef
An international comparison of Korean and Chinese nursing students with nursing curricula and educational outcomes
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Effects of a Refresher Program for Inactive Nurses on Nursing Professionalism and Nursing Clinical Self-Efficacy
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2011; 17(1): 44. CrossRef
Prediction Model for Demands of the Health Meteorological Information Using a Decision Tree Method
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Professionalism: the major factor influencing job satisfaction among Korean and Chinese nurses
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International Nursing Review.2009; 56(3): 313. CrossRef

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