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• Endocrinological Evaluations of Brief Hand Massages in Palliative Care
  Iwao Osaka, Yukie Kurihara, Keiko Tanaka, Hisayoshi Nishizaki, Shigeru Aoki, Isamu Adachi
  The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2009; 15(9): 981.     CrossRef
• Effects of hand massage on anxiety in cataract surgery using local anesthesia
  Man Soo Kim, Kyung Sook Cho, Heung-Myong Woo, Jae Ho Kim
  Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery.2001; 27(6): 884.     CrossRef
• The effect of expressive physical touch on patients with dementia
  E.J Kim, M.T Buschmann
  International Journal of Nursing Studies.1999; 36(3): 235.     CrossRef

PURPOSE: This study is attempts to clarify the effect of infant massage for the promotion of primipara's mother-infant interaction METHOD: The term for collecting data for experimental group ranged from April 25, 2001 to June 5, 2001. The infants for this group were sampled among normal mother-infant from one postpartum care center located in J city. The term for collecting data for control group ranged from June 10, 2001 to August 3, 2001. The infants for this group were sampled among normal mothers infant from 1 general hospital, 1 university hospital and 1 postpartum care center located in J city. The experiment was implemented giving primipara education about massage based on protocol for infant massage provided by Johnson and Johnson Korea and they received 10 days of education, 10 minutes a day (from 10 to 11 a.m) In the post test, we videotaped both the control group and the experimental group visiting their homes 4 weeks after delivery to observe mother-infant play interaction. Data analysis was done using SAS and the homogeneity between general properties owned by both control group and experimental group and mother's perception scale for children was verified through x2-test. Mother-infant play interaction with both control group and experimental group was analyzed through t-test in the experiment. And analysis of mother-infant interaction points based on general properties was made using ANOVA and t-test. RESULT: Hypothesis that mother-infant play interaction with primipara who gave her infant a massage will be more active than that of the primipara who didn't was verified (t=-4.27, p=.0001). And the points in each item, points in each item were estimated as follows. Mother behavioral items (t=-4.96, p=.0001), infant behavioral item (t=-0.36, p=.71), mother-infant interaction reciprocity (t=-2.64, p=.01). CONCLUSION: An infant massage program can contribute to promoting the Mother-Infant Play Interaction positively.

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• Integrative Review of Nursing Intervention Studies on Mother-Infant Interactions.
  Sun Jung Park, Shin Jeong Kim, Kyung Ah Kang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 75.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Infant Massage on Teacher-infant Interaction and Nursery Adaptation of Infants
  Mi Na Lee
  The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2013; 24(3): 381.     CrossRef
• Effects of Paters' Duola Touch during Labor on the Paternal Attachment and Role Confidence to Neonate and Couple Attachment
  Myung Sook Choi, Gum Jung Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(4): 426.     CrossRef
• Effects of an Educational Program of Pregnancy and Delivery on Pregnancy related Knowledge, Newborn Care Knowledge, and Postpartum Care Self-efficacy of Marriage Immigrant Women
  Eun Hee Kim, Eunjoo Lee, Mi-Jo Kim, Dong Young Park, Sung Hee Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(1): 78.     CrossRef

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop on east-west nursing intervention program. This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of using facial meridian points for massage nursing intervention on the recovery of facial paralysis for 46 patients (22 for experimental group). All had suffered from strokes, and were also admitted to the division of oriental medicine in K University Hospital.
METHOD
Data was collected from February 1st to December 31st of 2000. This study used a quasi experimental, non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. The recovery of facial paralysis was measured by the difference between left and right facial length, observation and self report on a seven point scale, and facial discomfort by a facial scale after 6-7 facial massages in a two week period. Data was analyzed using the SPSS package program with x2 and t test.
RESULT
The result of this study are as follows; The experimental group who received the facial meridian massage showed higher scores in recovery of facial paralysis (t=2.72, p=.009), and a smaller difference between left and right facial strength than those in control group (t=2.26, p= .29). The discomfort of the facial area in the experimental and control group showed no significant differences.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that a facial meridian points massage could be an effective nursing intervention to the recovery of facial paralysis. This study contributes in developing an east-west nursing intervention with the oriental meridian theory and western massage therapy.

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• The Effects of Abdominal Meridian Massage on Abdominal Distention, Pain, and Recovery of Bowel Motility after Sedated Colonoscopy
  Woo Hyun Jo, Myo Sung Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2022; 29(1): 12.     CrossRef
• Effects of Meridian Acupressure in Joktaeyang Bangkwang Kyeong on the Physical Health State, Depression, and Life Satisfaction of Korean Older Adult Women Living Alone
  Sohyune R. Sok
  Journal of Gerontological Nursing.2016; 42(2): 28.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Facial Muscle Exercise Program including Facial Massage for Patients with Facial Palsy
  Hyoung Ju Choi, Sung Hee Shin
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(4): 542.     CrossRef
• Effect of Acupressure Massage on Temperatures of Acupoints, Severity of Facial Paralysis, Subjective Symptoms, and Depression in Bell's Palsy Patients
  Jeongsoon Lee, Younghae Chung
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2015; 17(2): 140.     CrossRef

PURPOSE: This quasi-experimental study was to explore the effects of back massage with Lavender essence oil on the stress response of the ICU nurses.
METHOD
Twenty nurses were selected as an experimental group and twenty nurses were in the control group. Lavender essence oil mixed with Jojova carrier oil was used to massage the neck, shoulder, back, and low back. Massage was done three times a week for 20 minutes for 2 weeks by the massage therapist. The stress response was measured with a subjective stress score, Cortisol and IgA level in saliva. The cortisol level in saliva was analyzed by an radioimmunoassay before and after back massage. The level of IgA in saliva was analyzed by an immunoturbidimeter assay and subjective stress scores was measured by Visual Analogue Scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS 8.0 and the hypotheses were tested by ANCOVA and the Pearson coefficient correlation.
RESULT
1) Score of subjective stress decreased significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 2) Level of Cortisol in saliva did not change significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 3) Level of IgA in saliva increased significantly after the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil. 4) After the use of back massage with Lavender essence oil, there was significant negative correlation between subjective stress and level of IgA in saliva.
CONCLUSION
Back massage with Lavender essence oil is an effective intervention to reduce the stress response in the ICU nurses.

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• Effects of Emotional Development Therapy (EDT) on Stress, Fatigue, Sleep, and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in Nurses
  Mi-Young Jeong, Nam-Sook Seo
  Korean Journal of Stress Research.2018; 26(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Exploring Subjective Stress, Sleep and Diurnal Variation of Salivary Cortisol in Korean Female Adults
  Sunock Lee, Minhee Suh
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016; 18(1): 9.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Stress Relief Effect by Use of Aroma-Therapeutic Textiles
  Sunidhi Mehta, Maureen S. MacGillivray
  AATCC Journal of Research.2016; 3(5): 38.     CrossRef
• Effects of Lavandula angustifolia Aroma on Electroencephalograms in Female Adults with Sleep Disorders
  Han-Na Jung, Hyun-Ju Choi
  Journal of Life Science.2012; 22(2): 192.     CrossRef
• Effect of Environmental Intervention on Sleep, Emotions and Job Satisfaction of Rotating Shift Nurses in Intensive Care Unit
  Hee-Ja Kim
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(1): 11.     CrossRef
• Effects of Self-Foot Reflexology on Stress, Fatigue, Skin Temperature and Immune Response in Female Undergraduate Students
  Young-Mee Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(1): 110.     CrossRef
• A Comparison between Effects of Aroma Massage and Meridian Massage on Constipation and Stress in Women College Students
  Miyoung Chung, Euysoon Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(1): 26.     CrossRef

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to explore the effect of aromatherapy massage on the mood, the milk ejection reflex, and the immunoglobulin A of the breast milk of mothers who gave birth through a Cesarean section delivery. Twenty mothers who had Cesarean section were selected as an experimental group, and twenty-two were in the control group. Lavander and Rosemary oil mixed with Jojova carrier oil was used to massage the back, both axillar and breasts. Aromatherapy massage was done once a day for 20 minutes by the researcher. Each session consisted of 4 minutes for warm-up, 14 minutes for massage and 2 minutes for closure. The levels of IgA within the breast milk was analyzed by an immunoturbidimeter assay (Cobas INTEGRA, Roche, Swiss) before and after aromatherapy massage. Mood and milk ejection reflex were measured by self-reports at the same time. The data were analyzed using SPSS 7.5 and the hypotheses were tested by ANCOVA and the Pearson coefficient correlation. The results were as follows: 1) Score of mood increased significantly after the use of aromatherapy massage. 2) Score of milk ejection reflex increased significantly after the use of aromatherapy massage. 3) Level of IgA of breast milk did not change significantly after the use of aromatherapy massage. 4) After the use of aromatherapy massage, there wasn't any correlation among mood, milk ejection reflex, and level of IgA of breast milk. In conclusion, the results suggest that aromatherapy massage is an effective nursing intervention to enhance the mood and the milk ejection reflex and to increase the rate of breastfeeding in the breastfeeding mothers under stresses like a Cesarean section.

The agitation of dementia patient is a factor which aggravates the care-givers' burdon, and it is needed to develop intervention methods. Hall and Buckwalter hypothesized that an increase in agitation behavior occur when persons experience high levels of stress. This study was conducted to explore the efficacy of hand massage in producing relaxation and decreasing agitation behaviors in persons with dementia. Hand massage was administered once a day in afternoon for 8days to 24 patients and 4days to 23 patients. There was no difference in result between the two groups. Significant differences were found in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, emotional state from pre to post -intervention with the use of hand massage. The change of systolic blood pressure was 26% explained by ADL, MMSE-K and institutionalized period. The most significant variable was institutionalized period. The change of diastolic blood pressure was 11% explained by ADL, and it was significant. But no decrease in agitation behavior was observed and no increase in functional capacity.

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• Effectiveness of Hand Massage Combined with Analgesics on Pain Control in Patients with Terminal Cancer
  Yunmi Lee, Hosoon Yoon, Sungwoon Lee, Young Mi Kim
  The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2016; 19(4): 296.     CrossRef
• Effects of Hand Massage with Nail Art on Depression, Self-esteem, and Vital signs of Elderly Women living in a Nursing Home
  Joo Hyun Kim, Hye Jin Hyun, So Yean Kang, Hye Ri Nam, Mi Jin Shin, Hyun Jung Lee, Young Ran Chae
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016; 18(3): 169.     CrossRef
• Effects of Upper Meridian Massage on Cerebral Blood flow, Emotions, and Sleep of the Institutionalized Elderly
  Dong Choon Uhm, Mi Jung Nam
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(2): 171.     CrossRef
• Effects of Head and Neck Massage on Anxiety, Pain, and Discomfort in Hysterectomy Patients
  Eun-Young Kim, Euy-Soon Choi
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Conversation between Elderly Patients with Dementia and Nurses: Focusing on Structure and Sequential Patterns
  Myungsun Yi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(4): 166.     CrossRef
• Effects of Aroma Hand Massage On Sleep, Depression and Quality of Life in the Institutionalized Elderly Women
  Soon Yi Seo, So Young Chang
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(4): 372.     CrossRef
• Effects of Aroma Hand Massage on Pain, State Anxiety and Depression in Hospice Patients with Terminal Cancer
  So Young Chang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(4): 493.     CrossRef
• Touch-Stress Model and Alzheimer's Disease
  Eun Joo Kim, Marybeth Tank Buschmann
  Journal of Gerontological Nursing.2004; 30(12): 33.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a postpartum massage program on stress response in the Cesarean section mothers. The study focused on evaluating the effect of postpartum massage program on mood, anxiety, skin temperature and concentration of saliva and breast milk immunoglobulin A in the Cesarean section mothers. This study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. Twenty-eight Cesarean section mothers were selected as experimental group, whereas twenty- seven were control group. The postpartum massage program consisted of 20 minutes of warm-up, massage and ending phases and used once a day. During each program, there were 4 minutes of warm-up, 14 minutes of massage on back, axillary and breasts, and 2 minutes of ending. Massage were used for the experimental group by the same investigator 20 times per minute. The massage technique used were efflurage, petrissage, accupressure, kneading and vibration. Skin temperature was monitored with YSI Tele-thermometer(Simpson electric Co., USA) before and after massage program. The concentration of immunoglobulin A in saliva and breast milk was analyzed by immunoturbididimeter assay(Cobas INTEGRA, Roche, Swiss) before and after massage program. Also at this time mood and anxiety were measured by self-report. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 7.5 and hypothesis was tested with ANCOVA analysis and Pearson coefficient correlation. The results were as follows : 1) Score of mood increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 2) Level of anxiety decreased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 3) Skin temperature increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 4) Concentration of saliva immunoglobulin A increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 5) Concentration of breast milk immunoglobulin A did not change significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 6) After use of postpartum massage program, there was significant correlation between psychological stress response and physiological stress response. The results suggest that postpartum massage program can be effective nursing intervention to reduce stress response in the postpartum mothers under stress.

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• Effects of Meridian Acupressure Massage on Body Composition, Edema, Stress, and Fatigue in Postpartum Women
  Geum-Sook Jung, In-Ryoung Choi, Hee-Young Kang, Eun-Young Choi
  The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2017; 23(10): 787.     CrossRef
• Effects of Laughter Therapy on Immune Responses in Postpartum Women
  Kyung Hee Ryu, Hye Sook Shin, Eun Young Yang
  The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2015; 21(12): 781.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hand massage as a nursing intervention on the anxiety of the hysterectomy patients in immediately prior to surgery. The method of this study was Nonequivalent Control Group Non-Synchronized Design. The data were selected from at K university hospital in Pusan, and they consisted of Experimental group-25 patients, Control group -24 patients. The data were collected from Jan. 4 to Jan. 30 in 1999. The subjects' self-reports of anxiety (measured by the Spielberger Trait-State anxiety Inventory and Visual Analogue Scale developed by Cline et al.) were recorded before and immediately after the intervention. The objective physiologic measures of blood pressure and pulse rate. The collected data were analysed by means of frequency, percentage, standard deviation, chi- square test, t-test, ANCOVA with SPSS program. The results of this study were as following; 1. Hypothesis 1: The 1st hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the state anxiety level just before surgery in the experimental group and control group" was supported(P= .000). 2. Hypothesis 2: The 2nd hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the visual analogue scale score just before surgery in the experimental group and control group"was supported(P= .000). 3. Hypothesis 3: The 3rd hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure level just before surgery in the experimental group and control group"was supported (P= .003, P= .041). 4. Hypothesis 4: The 4th hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the pulse rate just before surgery in the experimental group and control group"was supported(P= .004). In conclusion, hand massage is a benefical nursing intervention that alleviates the psychological, physiological anxiety of the hysterectomy patients in immediately prior to surgery. therefore it is recomended to use the hand massage as a nursing intervention for patients undergoing anxiety. The results of this study appear promising, additional research is recomended to further the appropriate uses of hand massage in nursing practice for this and other patient population.

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• The Effects of Hand Massage in Patients Who Underwent Transradial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  Eun Sil Shin, Myung-Hee Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(4): 465.     CrossRef
• Effects of Hand Massage on Depression, Self-esteem and Vitality of the Elderly Patients in Convalescent Hospital
  Hye-Jeong Kim, Kang-Yi Lee
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2016; 22(2): 202.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Hand Holding and Nei-Guan Acupressure on Anxiety and Pain under Local Anesthetic Patients during Surgery
  Sun Hee Park, Hee Jung Jang
  The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2014; 14(11): 378.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Studies on Hand Massage Published in Korea: On the Effects of Sleep, Pain, Anxiety and Depression
  In-Ja Kim, Yu-Na Cho
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2012; 15(1): 47.     CrossRef
• Effects of Head and Neck Massage on Anxiety, Pain, and Discomfort in Hysterectomy Patients
  Eun-Young Kim, Euy-Soon Choi
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Cognitive-Behavioral Nursing Intervention on Anxiety and Depression in Women with Breast Cancer undergoing Radiotherapy
  Myung-Sook Yoo, Haejung Lee, Jung-A Yoon
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(2): 157.     CrossRef

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a hand massage program on anxiety and immune function in patients during cataract surgery. The hand massage program, in this study, consisted of hand massage and hand-holding. The subjects were sixty-three patients, thirty for the experimental and thirty-three for the control group, who were admitted at Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital for cataract surgery. This study was carried out from December 10, 1997 to February 26, 1998. The level of anxiety as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured before, after hand massage, and after hand-holding. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, blood sugar levels, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and natural killer cell percentages also were measured before hand massage and five minutes before the end of the operation. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANCOVA, repeated measure ANOVA, and Bonferroni multiple comparisons. The results were as follows : 1) After hand massage, psychological anxiety levels decreased significantly compare with before hand massage in the experimental group, not in the control group. After hand holding, there were significant decrease in both groups. 2) There were no significant differences on systolic blood pressure, diastorlc blood pressure, and pulse rates in both groups. 3) The hand massage program decreased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol significantly in the experimental group and increased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol in the control group. 4) There were no differences in blood sugar levels, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages in white blood cells after the hand massage program. However, natural killer cells in lymphocytes were significantly increased in the experimental group. These findings indicate that a hand massage program could be a effective nursing intervention in decreasing the psychological and physiological anxiety levels and improving immune function in clients having cataract surgery under local anesthesia.

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• An intervention study of a combined intervention of positioning and hand massage in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation
  Yun Kyeong Lee, Mihae Im, Haeryun Cho
  Nursing Open.2023; 10(3): 1404.     CrossRef
• Effects of Extremity Massage on Preoperative Anxiety: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial on Phacoemulsification Candidates
  Moloud Farmahini Farahani, Masoomeh Noruzi Zamenjani, Morteza Nasiri, Soheila Shamsikhani, Zahra Purfarzad, Mehdi Harorani
  Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2020; 35(3): 277.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Hand Massage in Patients Who Underwent Transradial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  Eun Sil Shin, Myung-Hee Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(4): 465.     CrossRef
• Effects of the Provision of Information on Anxiety in Patients during Outpatient Surgery: A Systematic Review
  Ae-Ri Jung, In-Sook Lee
  Perspectives in Nursing Science.2016; 13(1): 48.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Hand Massage Combined with Analgesics on Pain Control in Patients with Terminal Cancer
  Yunmi Lee, Hosoon Yoon, Sungwoon Lee, Young Mi Kim
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• Effect of Music Therapy on Vital Signs, Anxiety, Cortisol and Pain of Cataract Surgery Patients in Elderly
  Jung-Hae Park, Kwang-Hi Park
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(8): 549.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Hand Holding and Nei-Guan Acupressure on Anxiety and Pain under Local Anesthetic Patients during Surgery
  Sun Hee Park, Hee Jung Jang
  The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2014; 14(11): 378.     CrossRef
• Effect of Aroma Hand Massage on Anxiety and Immune Function in Patients with Gynecology Surgery under Local Anesthesia
  Yun Ah Kim, Mi Hae Sung
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2014; 20(2): 126.     CrossRef
• Relational and Health Correlates of Affection Deprivation
  Kory Floyd
  Western Journal of Communication.2014; 78(4): 383.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Studies on Hand Massage Published in Korea: On the Effects of Sleep, Pain, Anxiety and Depression
  In-Ja Kim, Yu-Na Cho
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2012; 15(1): 47.     CrossRef
• Effects of Foot Reflexology on Fatigue, Sleep and Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
  Jeongsoon Lee, Misook Han, Younghae Chung, Jinsun Kim, Jungsook Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(6): 821.     CrossRef
• Effects of Hand Holding on Self-esteem and Assertiveness in Women Patients with Depression
  Mi-Hae Sung, Mi Young Choi, Ok Bong Eum
  Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(2): 154.     CrossRef
• Effects of Self-Foot Reflexology on Stress, Fatigue and Blood Circulation in Premenopausal Middle-Aged Women
  Soo Hyun Jang, Kye Ha Kim
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• The effects of handholding on anxiety in cataract surgery patients under local anaesthesia
  Jung‐Soon Moon, Kyung‐Sook Cho
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of slow stroke back massage(SSBM) on anxiety and immune response in patients undergoing open heart surgery and to compare the effect of 5-minutes with 10-minutes SSBM. Among the sixty-four patient subjects, twenty-one were one experimental group receiving massage for 10-minutes, twenty for the other experimental group receiving massage for 5-minutes and twenty-three for the control group. Subjects were admitted at Hospitals in Inchon and Puchon for open heart surgery. This study was carried out from October 10, 1997 to May 10, 1998. The levels of anxiety were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Trait anxiety scale, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cortisol and the levels of immune response were measured by the blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell. Study measurements were taken before and after SSBM on the 1st pst operative day. Data were analyzed using x2test, oneway ANOVA, paired t-test, t-test and Pearson product moment correlation. The results were summarized as follows: 1. After SSBM, VAS anxiety level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate of the experimental group were decreased significantly than those measurements before the SSBM. After SSBM, significant difference in the VAS anxiety level, systolic blood pressure and pulse rate between the experimental and control groups were found. 2. After SSBM, the blood cortisol of the experimental and control groups were increased significantly compared with before SSBM. But the significant difference in blood cortisol between the two groups was not found. 3. After SSBM, the blood T-lymphocyte percentages of the experimental and control groups were decease significantly and blood Natural killer cell percentages of the two groups were increased compared with before SSBM. But significant difference in blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell percentages between the two groups was not found. 4. Significant difference in VAS anxiety level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cortisol, blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell percentages between SSBM for 5 minutes and SSBM for 10 minutes were not found. Based upon the results, this study concludes that the slow stroke back massage for 5 minutes is a useful intervention that decreases anxiety and produces relaxation in patients undergoing open heart surgery.

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