REFERENCES

• 1. Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Otorhinolaryngology. Seoul: Ilchokak; 2005. p. 1–631.
• 2. National Health Insurance Service. Facial nerve palsy patient[Internet]. Seoul, Author. 2013;cited 2016 January 10. Available from: http://www.nhis.or.kr/bbs7/boards/B0039/2966
• 3. Choi SW, Yook TH, Song BY. A clinical study about factors to have an influence on the prognosis of Bell's palsy. J Korean Acupunct Moxibustion Soc. 2004;21(3):43–59.
• 4. Min YK, Ahn CB, Jang KJ, Yoon HM, Kim CH, Song CH, et al. An analysis of clinical prognosis factors of Bell's palsy. J Korean Acupunct Moxibustion Soc. 2008;25(3):163–177.
• 5. Kwon HY, Cho TS, Son IS, Youn HM, Seo JC, Jang KJ, et al. The evaluation of improvement of Bell's palsy by Yanagihara's system. J Korean Acupunct Moxibustion Soc. 2002;19(1):118–126.
• 6. Koo GH. Facial nerve palsy. J Korean Pain Soc. 1996;9(1):14–25.
• 7. Hwang YJ. The effects of massage and oro-facial exercise program (MOEP) on spastic dysarthric's lip muscle function[master's thesis]. Daegu, Taegu University. 2004;1–104.
• 8. Kang BM, Kwon HC, Kim H, Cho YN. Effect of orofacial exercise on the swallowing function of stroke patients. J Korean Acad Occup Ther. 2013;21(3):57–69.
• 9. Seo JE, Jeon BU. The effect of respiration and oral motor training on correctness of consonants and the vocalization prolongation, for children with spastic cerebral palsy. Educ J Phys Mult Disabl. 2007;49:135–160.Article
• 10. Hardy E, Robinson NM. Swallowing disorders treatment manual. 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Pro-ed; 2004.
• 11. Park KS, Lee MH, Kang SK. The influence of skin temperature's change in manipulative therapy. J Korean Soc Cosmetol. 2006;12(3):120–125.
• 12. Lee JS, Seo NS, Han MS. Effects of meridian massage on facial paralysis, pain, and anxiety in Bell's palsy patients. J East West Nurs Res. 2009;15(2):110–118.
• 13. Lee J. The effect of acupressure massage on the change of digital infrared thermologic imaging, facial paralysis status, subjective symptoms, and depression in Bell's palsy patients[dissertation]. Naju, Dongshin University. 2010;1–80.
• 14. Ahn KM, Hong KH, Lee JS, Shin KO. A study on regulation of sebum·moisture, elasticity and edema in face by combination of manual & jade massage. J Cosmetol Sci. 2010;6(4):337–346.
• 15. Lee YW, Jeong JY, Kim HJ, Shin YS. Changes of infrared thermographic findings in bilateral Bell's palsy treated with stellate ganglion block. J Korean Pain Soc. 2001;14(1):93–97.
• 16. House JW, Brackmann DE. Facial nerve grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1985;93(2):146–147.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 17. Kim MB, Kim JH, Shin SH, Yoon HJ, Ko WS. A study of facial nerve grading system. J Korean Orient Med Ophthalmol Otolaryngol Dermatol. 2007;20(3):147–160.
• 18. Lee OB, Kwon DH. The effects of the articulatory training program on the dysarthric speech in subjects with dysarthria. J Speech Hear Disord. 1998;7(2):131–152.
• 19. Lee CW, Park IB, Kim SW, Kim HG, Heo SW, Kim CH, et al. The effect of acupuncture and Dong's acupuncture about Bell' palsy. J Korean Acupunct Moxibustion Soc. 2004;21(2):287–300.
• 20. Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1(3):385–401.
• 21. Cho MJ, Kim KH. Diagnostic validity of the CES-D (Korean version) in the assessment of DSM-III-R major depression. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 1993;32(3):381–399.
• 22. Gongole DC. The Source for oral-facial exercises: Updated and expanded. East Moline, IL: LinguiSystems; 1993.
• 23. Kim WH, Park EY, Chang KY, Lee YJ. Effect of electromyographic biofeedback training on the muscle activities of unilateral facial palsy. Phys Ther Korea. 2002;9(3):101–112.
• 24. Kim EM, Jung HM. The effect of facial meridian massage on facial paralysis status, pain and stress of Bell’s palsy patients. Clin Nurs Res. 2006;11(2):135–147.
• 25. Lee HY, Kim BE. The effect of meridian points massage nursing intervention on the recovery of facial paralysis. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2001;31(6):1044–1054.ArticlePDF
• 26. Kang YR. A study on self-consciousness and coping method for middle-aged housewives, stress based on exercise[master's thesis]. Seoul, Ewha Woman University. 1997;1–72.
• 27. Marra CM. Bell's palsy and HSV-1 infection. Muscle Nerve. 1999;22(11):1476–1478. ArticlePubMed
• 28. Yu JH. The effect of exercise program to ease the musculoskeketal symptoms among the people working in a hotel. Korean J Occup Health Nurs. 2008;17(2):138–145.
• 29. Kim ES, Lee SH, Nam SS, Kim YS. A study of psychological distress, anxiety and depression on motor recovery of acute Bell's palsy patients' facial muscle. The Acupuncture. 2014;31(1):149–158. Article

Figure 1

Effects of facial muscle exercise program including facial massage on facial palsy patients' muscular function, palsy subjective symptom, and depression.

Table 1

Facial Muscular Exercise Program including Facial Massage

Table 2

Homogeneity Test of Characteristics and Dependent Variables between Experimental and Control Group (N=70)

^*Fisher's exact test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; HBGS=House–Brackmann grading system; FNGS=Facial nerve grade system.

Table 3

Comparison of Dependent Variables between Two Groups after Treatment (N=70)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; HBGS=House–Brackmann grading system; FNGS=Facial nerve grade system.

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by