Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Experiences of Patients and Their Families Receiving Medical Services Provided by Advanced Practice Nurses at Tertiary General Hospitals: Mi-Kyeong Jeon, Su Jung Choi, Ji Eun Han, Eun Kyung Kwon, Jeong Hee Park, Jeong Hye Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):594-606. Published online November 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24069

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to understand and describe the experiences of patients and their families who have received medical services from advanced practice nurses in tertiary general hospitals in Korea.
Methods
Data were collected through four focus group interviews with 20 patients and their families who had received medical services from advanced practice nurses for more than six months at four tertiary hospitals from November 29 to December 28, 2023. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
The four themes extracted from the experiences of patients and their families were as follows: unfamiliar medical personnel encountered during the treatment process, healthcare professionals who exhibited excellence, companions to light my way through the tunnel of illness, and an advanced practice nurse system that must be activated urgently.
Conclusion
The study’s findings indicate that patients and their families view the care provided by advanced practice nurses as excellent, reliable, and holistic. Research suggests that advanced practice nurses are valuable healthcare professionals in team-based care. The findings suggest that hospitals should utilize an advanced practice nurse system to improve patient outcomes and ensure the quality of care.

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Development of the Hospital Nurses’ Silence Behavior Scale: Chung, Soojin , Hwang, Jee-In; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):279-295. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23138

Purpose
This study aimed to develop a scale to measure hospital nurses’ silence behavior and examine its validity and reliability.
Methods
A total of 52 preliminary items on hospital nurses’ silence behavior were selected using a content validity test by seven experts on 53 candidate items derived from a literature review and in-depth interviews with 14 nurses. A total of 405 hospital nurses participated in a psychometric testing. Data analysis comprised item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and convergent and discriminant validity tests. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for assessing concurrent validity, and Cronbach’s alpha was used for the reliability test.
Results
The final scale consisted of nine factors with 31 items, exhibiting acceptable model fit indices, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. The score of the entire scale was positively correlated with the ‘Organizational Silence Scale (OSS)-the issues on which nurses remain silent’ (r = .60, p < .001) and ‘OSS-the reasons why nurses remain silent’ (r = .68, p < .001). Cronbach’s α of the scale was .92, and α of each subscale ranged from .71 to .90.
Conclusion
The Hospital Nurses’ Silence Behavior Scale is a useful tool for assessing multifaceted silence behavior among nurses. It can provide basic data for developing better communication strategies among nurses and other hospital staff.

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Mediating effect of grit on the influence of nurses’ silence behavior on medication safety competence: a cross-sectional study
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(1): 81. CrossRef
Mediating Effect of Emotional Labour on the Role Pressure and Silence Behaviour of Nurses
Lianci He, Jianhua Liu, Rong Sun, Yuan Deng, Ling Tang, Shaochuan Chen
Evaluation & the Health Professions.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of Clinical Nurses’ Organizational Silence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment Moderated by Organizational Justice
Shin Ae Hwang, Haeyoung Min
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 416. CrossRef
Psychometric evaluation and translation of the Persian version of the Organizational Silence Behavior Scale (OSBS-P) for clinical nurses
Alireza Mirzaei, Mobina Jamshidinia, Mehrzad Aghabarari, Pouya Dolat Abadi, Reza Nemati-Vakilabad, Ehsan Namaziandost
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0314155. CrossRef

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Development of a Reward Scale for Hospital Nurses: Kim, Sun Hee , Kim, Eun-Young; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(5):525-537. Published online October 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23057

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to develop and test a reward scale for hospital nurses.
Methods
The initial items were identified through a literature review and focus group interviews with ten hospital nurses. The content validity of the items was evaluated by ten experts. Fifty-one items were derived from the pilot survey. Four hundred eighty-eight nurses participated in the study: 248 for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 240 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were analyzed using item analysis, EFA, CFA, convergent validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS 29.0.
Results
The final scale consisted of 31 items and eight factors (decent wage, opportunity to grow and develop, support for special situations, various benefits, flexibility of work, job-related achievement, reflecting career and performance, and recognition), which explained 67.3% of the total variance. The eight-subscale model was validated by CFA. Convergent validity was evaluated by analyzing correlation with intention to leave (r = - .63, p < .001) and job satisfaction (r = .54, p < .001). The known-group validity was evaluated by comparing the reward scales according to age, clinical career, income level and hospital type. The scale was found to be reliable with a Cronbach’s α of .89.
Conclusion
Both the validity and reliability of the reward scale for hospital nurses are verified, which can enhance the understanding of the range of rewards and may assist nurse managers in establishing an effective reward system.

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Optimized nursing management in the Central Sterile Supply Department and Gastroenterology Department: a retrospective controlled study
Dali Wang
American Journal of Translational Research.2024; 16(12): 7480. CrossRef

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Types of Perception Toward Quarantine Measures among Patients Infected with COVID-19: Kim, Geun Myun , Lee, Jung Un , Jung, Hae Kyung , Nam, Soo Gyung , Sim, So Hyeong , Chang, Soo Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(6):661-677. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21141

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was conducted to identify the types of perception toward quarantine measures at hospitals or community treatment centers among patients infected with COVID-19.
Methods
This study applied Q-methodology. Two hundred and nineteen Q populations were constructed based on related literature and in-depth interviews with 5 adults infected with COVID-19 and who experienced quarantine and hospitalization. Interviews were performed from November 14 to 29, 2020. A total of 45 Q samples were extracted and Q sorting was performed using a 9-point scale for 30 adult subjects who experienced quarantine at hospitals and community treatment centers. The data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program.
Results
The perception of subjects toward quarantine measures was classified into the following six types: ‘passive acceptance’, ‘social stigma perception’, ‘appreciation of daily life through awareness of the realities of illness’, ‘why me?’, ‘fearful perception’, and ‘positive meaning’.
Conclusion
The perception of quarantine measure among patients with COVID-19 is identified as six types with positive and negative emotional characteristics. This result will contribute to the development of individualized strategies to address psychosocial health problems among patients with infectious diseases.

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Isolation and Recovery Experiences of COVID-19 Patients in South Korea: A Qualitative Study
Soo Jung Chang, Geun Myun Kim, So Hyeong Sim, Jeong Ah Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(3): 212. CrossRef
Perceptions of Healthcare Safety Nets among Tertiary Hospital and Long-Term Care Hospital Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Q-Methodological Approach
Bom-Mi Park, Mi Young Chon, Hyun-Jung Lee
Healthcare.2023; 11(20): 2732. CrossRef

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A Concept Analysis of Quality Nursing Care: Juanamasta, I Gede , Aungsuroch, Yupin , Gunawan, Joko; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(4):430-441. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21075

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to perform a concept analysis of quality nursing care.
Methods
Walker and Avant’s concept analysis method was used to carry out this study.
Results
The defining attributes identified were as follows: caring, the nurse-patient relationship, and patient needs. Antecedents included patient characteristics, individual factors (age, education, knowledge, competence, and experience), job position, and environmental factors. The consequences of quality nursing care have significant influence on both patients and nurses.
Conclusion
The findings can aid researchers in obtaining a better understanding of quality nursing care, and stakeholders can consider the factors related to quality nursing care and its consequences to improve the nursing process.

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Ni Made Nopita Wati, I Gede Juanamasta, Jutharat Thongsalab, Jintana Yunibhand
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Nursing Reports.2023; 13(3): 990. CrossRef
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Development of the Patient-Centered Nursing Culture Scale for Hospitals: Esther Shin, Sook-Hee Yoon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):613-630. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.613

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop a scale measuring the Patient-Centered Nursing Culture (PCNC) and provide a basic tool to improve PCNC in Korea.

Methods

A conceptual framework and construct factors were extracted through extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with nursing professionals. In total, 59 items were derived based on the pilot survey. Data were collected from 357 nurses working at general hospitals and analyzed for verifying the reliability and validity of the scale.

Results

Nine factors containing 54 items were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis to verify the construct validity. The nine factors were top management leadership, policy and procedure, education and training, middle management leadership, supportive teamwork, nursing workplace environment, professional competence, patient-centered nursing activity, and nurses’ values. These items were verified by convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity testing. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's α=.96).

Conclusion

The developed PCNC scale is expected to be used as the tool for the development of theory and improvement of PCNC, the empirical testing for cause and effect of PCNC, the development of interventions, education and training programs for improving PCNC, and indicators for evaluation or accreditation of hospital service quality.

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Educational programs to improve nursing competency of patient- and family-centered care in intensive care units: A systematic review
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Yeo Ju Kim, Gunjeong Lee, Sunyeob Choi
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Hospital Nurses’ Experience of Patient-Centered Nursing
Soojin Chung, Jee-In Hwang
Quality Improvement in Health Care.2021; 27(1): 26. CrossRef

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A Study on the Classification of Nursing Management Competencies and Development of related Behavioral Indicators in Hospitals: Seong Yeol Kim, Jong Kyung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):375-389. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.375

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to classify nursing management competencies and develop behavioral indicators for nurse managers in hospitals. Also, levels of importance and performance based on developed criteria were to be identified and compared.

Methods

Using expert survey we classified nursing management competencies and behavioral indicators with data from 34 nurse managers and professors. Subsequently, data from a survey of 216 nurse managers in 7 cities was used to analyze the importance-performance comparison of the classified nursing management competencies and behavioral indicators.

Results

Forty-two nursing management competencies were identified together with 181 behavioral indicators. The mean score for importance of nursing management competency was higher than the mean score for performance. According to the importance-performance analysis, 5 of the 42 nursing management competencies require further development: vision-building, analysis, change management, human resource development, and self-management competency.

Conclusion

The classification of nursing management competencies and behavioral indicators for nurse managers in hospitals provides basic data for the development and evaluation of programs designed to increase the competency of nurse managers in hospitals

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Influence of Emotional Intelligence of Experienced Nurses on Nursing Managerial Competence: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Communication Competence
Yunji Kang, Jeong-Hee Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(1): 79. CrossRef
Need analysis for managerial competencies of nurse managers in general hospitals
Hee-Kyoung Jeong, Seongmi Moon
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2024; 30(1): 82. CrossRef
Hospital nurse managers' perspectives of the Magnet Recognition Program using an importance‐performance analysis: A quantitative cross‐sectional study
Eunha Ryoo, Seok Hee Jeong, Na Yeon Shin, Soyoung Yu
Nursing Open.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Priority Need Analysis for Career Level-Based Nursing Management Competency Development of Advanced General Hospital Nurses
Bo Hyun Yu, Keum Seong Jang
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Competences of Graduates of Higher Education Business Studies in Labor Market I (Results of Pilot Cross-Border Research Project in Poland and Slovakia)
Magdalena M. Stuss, Katarzyna Szczepańska-Woszczyna, Zbigniew J. Makieła
Sustainability.2019; 11(18): 4988. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Managerial Competence of Frontline Nurse Managers
Ran Lee, Miyoung Kim, Sujin Choi, Hee Yeon Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(5): 435. CrossRef
Clinical Nurses' Perception on the Importance and Performance of Nursing Managerial Competencies
Gyeongja Kang, Jeong Hee Kim
Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2017; 23(3): 252. CrossRef

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Structural Equation Modeling for Public Hospital Quality of Care, Image, Role Performance, Satisfaction, Intent to (Re)visit, and Intent to Recommend Hospital as Perceived by Community Residents: Eun Jeong Hwang, In Ok Sim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):118-127. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.118

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The study purposes were to construct and test structural equation modeling on the causal relationship of community residents' perceived quality of care, image, and role performance with satisfaction, intention to (re)visit and intention to recommend hospital.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 3,900 community residents from 39 district public hospitals. The questionnaire was designed to collected information on personal characteristics and community awareness of public hospitals. Community awareness consisted of 6 factors and 18 items. The data were collected utilizing call-interview by a survey company. Research data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and AMOS version 20.0.

Results

Model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level: χ²=796.40 (df=79, p <.001), GFI=.93, AGFI=.90, RMSR=.08, NFI=.94. Quality of care, image, and role performance explained 68.1% of variance in community awareness. Total effect of quality of care process factors on satisfaction (path coefficients=3.67), intention to (re)visit (path coefficients=2.67) and intention to recommend hospital (coefficients=2.45) were higher than other factors.

Conclusion

Findings show that public hospitals have to make an effort to improve community image through the provision of quality care, and excellent role performance. Support for these activities is available from both Central and Local Governments.

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Operating Room Nurses' Experiences of Securing for Patient Safety: Kwang-Ok Park, Jong Kyung Kim, Myoung-Sook Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(5):761-772. Published online October 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.5.761

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to evaluate the experience of securing patient safety in hospital operating rooms.

Methods

Experiential data were collected from 15 operating room nurses through in-depth interviews. The main question was "Could you describe your experience with patient safety in the operating room?". Qualitative data from the field and transcribed notes were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory methodology.

Results

The core category of experience with patient safety in the operating room was 'trying to maintain principles of patient safety during high-risk surgical procedures'. The participants used two interactional strategies: 'attempt continuous improvement', 'immersion in operation with sharing issues of patient safety'.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the important factors for ensuring the safety of patients in the operating room are manpower, education, and a system for patient safety. Successful and safe surgery requires communication, teamwork and recognition of the importance of patient safety by the surgical team.

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AMELİYATHANEDE STAJ YAPAN ÖĞRENCİLERİN STAJLARINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
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İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi.2024; 12(2): 735. CrossRef
Influences of Teamwork and Job Burnout on Patient Safety Management Activities among Operating Room Nurses
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Analysis of Mission Statements and Organizational Performance of Hospitals in South Korea: Eun-Kyung Kim, Se Young Kim, Eunpyo Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(4):565-575. Published online August 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.4.565

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine mission statements and their elements and to investigate correlations between mission statements and organizational performance.

Methods

The current research was a descriptive study based on the examination of mission statements of 353 hospitals that posted mission statements on their webpage and 92 hospitals that made their income statements public.

Results

The most common mission element was 'identification of principal services', which accounted for 92.6%. Mission statements of hospitals included the average of 4.82 mission elements out of 9, and the objective of medical quality improvement was 0.81 among 6 objectives of IOM (Institute of Medicine). Net profit of hospitals with mission statements that have above average number of mission elements were significantly higher (t=2.71, p =.008) than those of other hospitals. Net profit was significantly correlated with mission statements (r=.26, p <.001), and mission elements (r=.29, p <.001).

Conclusion

The results of the study empirically reveal that mission statements in the hospital affect organizational performance. That is, better organizational performance is shown for hospitals with better, more diversified, and more firmly stated mission statements which include identification of target customers, identification of principal services, contribution to society as a non-profit organization, and concern for employees.

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Association between Efficiency and Quality of Health Care in South Korea Long-term Care Hospitals: Using the Data Envelopment Analysis and Matrix Analysis: Minsung Sohn, Mankyu Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(4):418-427. Published online August 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.418

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Objectives of this study were to investigate the association between efficiency and quality of health care in Long-term Care Hospitals (LTCH) and determine related factors that would enable achievement of both high efficiency and high quality at the same time.

Methods

Major data sources were the "2012 Korean Assessment of Propriety by Long-term Care Hospitals" obtained from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. Cost variables were supplemented by a National Tax Service accounting document. First, data envelopment analysis was performed by generating efficiency scores for each LTCH. Second, matrix analysis was conducted to ascertain association between efficiency and quality. Lastly, kruskal-wallis and mann-whitney tests were conducted to identify related factors.

Results

First, efficiency and quality of care are not in a relationship of trade-offs; thus, LTCH can be confident that high efficiency-high quality can be achieved. Second, LTCH with a large number of beds, longer tenure of medical personnel, and adequate levels of investment were more likely to have improved quality as well as efficiency.

Conclusion

It is essential to enforce legal standards appropriate to the facilities, reduce turnover of nursing staff, and invest properly in human resources. These consequences will help LTCH to maintain the balance of high efficiency-high quality in the long-run.

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Structure of Nurse Labor Market and Determinants of Hospital Nurse Staffing Levels: Bohyun Park, Sukyung Seo, Taejin Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(1):39-49. Published online February 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.39

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To analyze the structure of Korean nurse labor market and examine its effect on hospital nurse staffing.

Methods

Secondary data were obtained from Statistics Korea, Education Statistics, and Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service and Patient Survey. Intensity of monopsony in the nurse labor market was measured by Herfindahl Hirshman Index (HHI). Hospital nurse staffing level was divided into high and low. While controlling for confounding factors such as inpatient days and severity mix of patients, effects of characteristics of nurse labor markets on nurse staffing levels were examined using multi-level logistic regressions.

Results

For characteristics of nurse labor markets, metropolitan areas had high intensity of monopsony, while the capital area had competitive labor market and the unemployed nurse rate was higher than other areas. Among hospital characteristics, bed occupancy rate was significantly associated with nurse staffing levels. Among characteristics of nurse labor markets, the effect of HHI was indeterminable.

Conclusion

The Korean nurse labor market has different structure between the capital and other metropolitan areas. But the effect of the structure of nurse labor market on nurse staffing levels is indeterminable. Characteristics such as occupancy rate and number of beds are significantly associated with nurse staffing levels. Further study in support of the effect of nurse labor market is needed.

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Maternal and Hospital Factors Impacting the Utilization of Rooming-in Care in South Korea: Secondary Analysis of National Health Data: Yunmi Kim, Eun-Young Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(5):593-602. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.593

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Purpose: In this study analysis was done of utilization of rooming-in care in South Korean hospitals in order to examine the factors related to mothers and hospitals that affect rooming-in care.

Methods

With the involvement of 254,414 mothers who gave birth across 953 hospitals, the analysis used the health insurance qualification data of the National Health Insurance Corporations and Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (2006). Factors associated with rooming-in care were analyzed using a GEE logistic regression analysis to consider factors related to both mothers and hospitals.

Results

Only 45.1% of the mothers used rooming-in care. The results of the regression analysis revealed that individual factors of the mothers were not associated with rooming-in care, whereas group factors of the hospitals were. Rooming-in care use was primarily related to small hospital, location of hospital, and higher nurse staffing level.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that the utilization of rooming-in care is not associated with factors an individual mother, but rather with the group factors of the hospitals. Thus, a policy-based approach considering both of these types of factors is required to enhance the utilization of rooming-in care.

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Development and Evaluation of a Transitional Care Program for Patients Discharged from Military Hospitals: Seun Young Joe; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(4):599-609. Published online August 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.4.599

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a transitional care program for patients discharged from military hospitals. The study consists of two phases: developing the program and evaluating its effectiveness.

Methods

The conceptual framework used to guide the development of the program was Meleis's transition theory. A quasi-experimental design was employed for this study. Participants were recruited from patients discharged from one military hospital, 72 in the control group and 56 in the experiment group. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 12.0 program with chi-square, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and mixed model.

Results

Participants in the transitional care program reported promoting a positive personal condition, and more healthy patterns of response in the first week after being discharged and a smoother discharge transition.

Conclusion

The transitional care program developed for discharge patients from military hospital promoted discharge readiness and promoted smooth discharge transition.

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