Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Paper

Interorganizational Networks for Smoking Prevention and Cessation: A Blockmodeling Approach: Park, Eun-Jun , Kim, Hyeongsu , Lee, Kun Sei , Cho, Junghee , Kim, Jin Hyeong , Jeong, Ho Jin , Lee, Ji An; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):202-213. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21192

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study examined characteristics and patterns of interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation in Korea.
Methods
We surveyed two community health centers, ninety-five hospitals or clinics, ninety- two pharmacies, and sixty-five health welfare organizations in two districts of Seoul in 2020. Data on the organizations’ characteristics of smoking cessation and interorganizational activities for information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration were collected and analyzed using network statistics and blockmodeling.
Results
Network size was in the order of information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration networks. Network patterns for interorganizational activities on information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration among four organizations were similar between the two districts. Community health centers provided information and received clients from a majority of the organizations. Their interactions were not unidirectional but mutual with other organizations. Pharmacies were involved in information sharing with health welfare organizations and client referrals to hospitals or clinics. Health welfare organizations were primarily connected with the community health centers for client referrals and program collaboration.
Conclusion
A community health center is the lead agency in interorganizational activities for smoking prevention and cessation. However, hospitals or clinics, pharmacies, and health welfare organizations also participate in interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation with diverse roles. This study would be evidence for developing future interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation.

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Original Articles

Development and Effects of Social Learning Theory Based Eye-Health Program for Preschoolers: Sunghwa Lee, Haejung Lee, Hyungsik Seo, Jaeho Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(4):407-418. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.4.407

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop an eye-health program based on social learning theory (EPST) of preschoolers and evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was utilized and 141 six-year-old preschoolers and their parents participated (experimental group=69, control group=72) in the study. The EPST in this study included eye-health education and eye exercises. Attention, memory, replay, motivation, reinforcement, and self-efficacy were used as interventional strategies. To examine the effectiveness of EPST, proficiency in eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 21.0 using the Shapiro-Wilk test, χ ²-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results

Following the intervention, eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that EPST is effective in improving eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity in preschoolers, and its wider implementation in educational institutions will promise improved eye-health among preschoolers.

Citations

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Effectiveness of Social Learning Theory Based Ecological Footprint Awareness Program in 60-72-Month-Old Children: A Randomized Controlled Study
Ayşe Sezer Balci, Kerime Öğüt Düzen, Vildan Yalçın
Child Indicators Research.2025; 18(1): 199. CrossRef
A qualitative content analysis based on an extended parallel process model study of daycare center teacher behaviors concerning the eye health of preschool children
Il Tae Park, Gi Joong Kim
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2024; 30(3): 222. CrossRef
Social cognitive theory-based health promotion in primary care practice: A scoping review
Kazi Faria Islam, Abdul Awal, Hoimonty Mazumder, Ummi Rukaiya Munni, Koushik Majumder, Kohinoor Afroz, Mustari Nailah Tabassum, M. Mahbub Hossain
Heliyon.2023; 9(4): e14889. CrossRef
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Hanna Lee, Jeong-Won Han
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Developing and Evaluating an Educational Program for Respiratory Infection Prevention among Rural Elderly Residents in South Korea
Jin Soon Kim, Ji Hye Choi, Myung Soon Kwon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(9): 3057. CrossRef

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Analysis of Factors related to the Utilization of a Community Health Posts Information System: Chung Yul Lee, Suk Myung Bang; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(1):7-12. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.1.7

Abstract PDF: A computerized Community Health Posts information system was developed in 1991 by Yonsei University, College of nursing and disseminated to more than four hundred Community Health Posts. The content of was published in the journal, The Korean nurses in 1995, volume 34, number 4. Successful adoption to the computer program is related to many factors, such as personal factors and environmental factors. For the computer program to succeed it must be significantly related to the users and therefore it is necessary to analyze these related factors. This study describes the status of the utilization of computer programs in Community Health posts and analyzed the factors related to utilization of the computer program. Of the 801 community health practitioners, 656 responded and data were analyzed using SPSS computer programs. Respondents were from six provinces and about 85% had been working as CHPs for more than five years and 84.1% had graduated from a community college. Of these 656, 42.1% had a computer and about 60% had funding aid from the community or government. The percentage using the community health post's computer program was 22.3%. Community health practitioners were most often using the following content of the computer program ; treatment activities (65.5%), medication management (53.5%), counselling and education (46.4%), bookkeeping (39.5%), chronic disease management (28%), and insurance billing (15.9%). The factors which were significantly related to the computer utility were degree of support from province, years of working, and age. The Community health practitioners who had more support from the province, who had fewer working years, and were younger used the computer program more frequently.

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Cost-Benefit Analysis on Community Health Practitioner: Tae Wha Lee, Il Sun Ko; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(4):435-446. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.4.435

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study were to describe outcomes of CHP activities, and to evaluate the economic validity of CHP through a cost-benefit analysis. METHOD: The sample size was 272. Data were collected using a researcher developed questionnaire from November 1999 to March, 2000. RESULT: The mean age of CHPs was 39.6 (SD=.36). In regard to marital status, 90.8% of the respondents were married. 72% of the CHPs had associate degree. Among CHP activities, providing medical services was 50%, followed by home care visits 20% and health promotion services 20%, preventive services 10%. Total costs per month incurred to CHP activities was won3,053,437($2,442.7). Total benefits per month was won6,711,525($5,369.2). Hence, net benefit was calculated as won3,658,089($2,926).
CONCLUSION
Cost-benefit ratio was 2.20, which provides the evidence of the economic viability of CHP program. The result of cost-benefit analysis, however, would more strongly support the economic value of CHP if intangible benefits of CHP activities such as decreases in pain and suffering and increased quality of life, could be counted.

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Evaluation of a Community Health Practitioner Self-care Program for Rural Korean Patients with Osteoarthritis
Chung Yul Lee, Yoon Hee Cho
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(7): 965. CrossRef
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Chunmi Kim, Kyung Ja June
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Young Ko, In Sook Lee
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An Evaluation of Effects on Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Management of a Community-Based Nursing Care Center Using Cost-Benefit Analysis
Ji Young Lim, Jung Nam Im, In A Kim, Su Kyoung Ko
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Application and Developmental Strategies for Community-Based Injury Prevention Programs of the International Safe Communities Movement in Korea: Jeongyee Bae, Joonpil Cho, Seong-il Cho, Minyeong Kwak, Taehyen Lee, Christina Aram Bae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(6):910-918. Published online December 15, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.6.910

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

Safety of humans is an important factor that affects health overall, and injuries are one of the major public-health problems in the world. The purposes of this study were to describe the International safe Community movement which contributes to the injury prevention and safety promotion all over the world, and to identify out the application and developmental strategies for Korea.

Methods

A review was done of previous research, reviews, and reports on the history, concepts, basic principles, and recommendations for actions of the Safe Community.

Results

For this study, the application strategies of the International Safe Community movement in Korea were examined to deduce the strengths of the safe Community program. Community-based injury prevention work according to the International Safe Community model is a successful and cost-effective way of reducing injuries in the community.

Conclusion

Through the International Safe Community program, communities are able to realize a healthy community and achieve improved quality of lives for the people, which is the ultimate objective of the Safe Community model. In addition, it will contribute to the economic vitalization and gain through energy and enhancement of productivity of people.

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Classifying strategies for building community health movements: a guide for implementers
Felicia Jia Hui Chan, Alyssa Yenyi Chan, Wen Xi Zhuang, Priyanka Rajendram, Joseph Jie Hui Quek, Weng Mooi Tan, Yoek Ling Yong, Clarice Liying Song, Zoe Jane-Lara Hildon
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
THE SAFE COMMUNITY CONCEPT – A SUCCESSFUL TOOL FOR INJURY PREVENTION AND SAFETY PROMOTION
Birutė Strukčinskienė, Sabine Distl, Sigitas Griškonis
Visuomenės sveikata.2019; 28(7): 41. CrossRef
Iranian Designated Safe Communities: A Quantitative Analysis
Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi, Homayoun Sadeghi Bazargani, Reza Mohammadi, Mohammad Saadati
Trauma Monthly.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Current Status of Home Visit Programs: Activities and Barriers of Home Care Nursing Services: Eui Geum Oh, Hyun Joo Lee, Yukyung Kim, Ji Hyun Sung, Young-Su Park, Jae Yong Yoo, Soohee Woo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(5):742-751. Published online October 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.5.742

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of home care nursing services provided by community health nurses and to identify barriers to the services.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with three types of community health care nurses. Participants were 257 nurses, 46 of whom were hospital based home care nurses, 176 were community based visiting nurses, and 35 were long term care insurance based visiting nurses. A structured questionnaire on 7 domains of home care nursing services with a 4-point Likert scale was used to measure activities and barriers to care. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0 program.

Results

Hospital based home care nurses showed a high level of service performance activity in the domain of clinical laboratory tests, medications and injections, therapeutic nursing, and education. Community based visiting nurses had a high level of service performance in the reference domain. Long term care insurance based visiting nurses showed a high level of performance in the service domains of fundamental nursing and counseling.

Conclusion

The results show that although health care service provided by the three types of community health nurse overlapped, the focus of the service is differentiated. Therefore, these results suggest that existing home care services will need to be utilized efficiently in the development of a new nursing care service for patients living in the community after hospital discharge.

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Wheel of Wellness Counseling in Community Dwelling, Korean Elders: A Randomized, Controlled Trial: So-Hi Kwon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(3):459-468. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.3.459

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Wheel of Wellness counseling on wellness lifestyle, depression, and health-related quality of life in community dwelling elderly people.

Methods

A parallel, randomized controlled, open label, trial was conducted. Ninety-three elderly people in a senior welfare center were randomly assigned to two groups: 1) A Wheel of Wellness counseling intervention group (n=49) and 2) a no-treatment control group (n=44). Wheel of Wellness counseling consisted of structured, individual counseling based on the Wheel of Wellness model and provided once a week for four weeks. Wellness lifestyle, depression, and health-related quality of life were assessed pre-and post-test in both groups.

Results

Data from 89 participants were analyzed. For participants in the experimental group, there was a significant improvement on all of the wellness-lifestyle subtasks except realistic beliefs. Perceived wellness and depression significantly improved after the in the experimental group (n=43) compared to the control group (n=46) from pre- to post-test in the areas of sense of control (p=.033), nutrition (p=.017), exercise (p=.039), self-care (p<.001), stress management (p=.017), work (p=.011), perceived wellness (p=.019), and depression (p=.031). One participant in the intervention group discontinued the intervention due to hospitalization and three in the control group discontinued the sessions.

Conclusion

Wheel of Wellness counseling was beneficial in enhancing wellness for the community-dwelling elderly people. Research into long-term effects of the intervention and health outcomes is recommended.

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Effects of Community Health Promotion Project for Garlic Cultivating Farmers Based on Self-efficacy Theory and Community Capacity Building Framework: Hyang-Sook Kim, Mee Ock Gu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(1):80-91. Published online February 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.1.80

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to test the effects of a community health promotion project for farmers cultivating garlic. Bandura's self-efficacy theory (1986) and Chaskin's community capacity framework (2001) were used as the theoretical framework.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Study participants were 72 garlic farmers (intervention: 36, control: 36). The community health promotion project consisted of health promotion program and community capacity building strategies and was provided for 12 weeks (8 during farming off-season and 4 during farming season). Data were collected between February 23 and May 31, 2009 and were analyzed using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 12.0.

Results

For the experimental group, significant improvement was found for self-efficacy, farming related health behavior, physical fitness (muscle strength, muscle endurance, upper body flexibility, lower body flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, balance, agility), farmer's syndrome, and health related quality of life as compared to the control group.

Conclusion

The findings of the study indicate that the community health promotion project for garlic farmers is effective and can be recommended as a nursing intervention for health promotion of garlic cultivating farmers.

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Case Management Process identified from Experience of Nurse Case Managers: Eun-Jun Park, Chunmi Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(6):789-801. Published online December 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.6.789

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a substantive theory of case management (CM) practice by investigating the experience of nurse case managers caring for Medical Aid enrollees in Korea.

Methods

A total of 12 nurses were interviewed regarding their own experience in CM practice. Data were recorded and analyzed using grounded theory.

Results

Empowerment was the core category of CM for Medical Aid enrollees. The case managers engaged in five phases as follows, phase of inquiring in advance, building a relationship with the client, giving the client critical mind, facilitating positive changes in the client's use of healthcare services, and maintaining relationship bonds. These phases moved gradually and were circular if necessary. Also, they were accelerated or slowed depending on factors including clients' characteristics, case managers' competency level, families' support level, and availability of community resources.

Conclusion

This study helps understand what CM practice is and how nurses are performing this innovative CM role. It is recommended that nurse leaders and policy makers integrate empowerment as a core category and the five critical CM phases into future CM programs.

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Ga In Han, Sikyoung Jeong, Insoo Kim, Min Ah Yuh, Seon Hee Woo, Sungyoup Hong, De-Chih Lee
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Seung Joo Lim
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The Impacts of a Community Health Practitioner's Ego State, and Interpersonal Attitude on Depression: Sook Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(3):457-467. Published online June 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.3.457

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Community health practitioners (CHP) in Korea have a responsibility for delivering primary health care to remote or isolated communities. The aim of this paper is to analyze CHPs' level of depression and impacts of their Ego state and interpersonal attitude in transactional analysis on depression. This paper gives fundamental data for developing a the program for mental health promotion of CHPs.

Method

The subjects of this study consisted of 459 Korean CHP who were conveniently selected from the target population. The data was collected through interviews using self-administered questionnaires, including the Korean Ego gram and life position inventory and depression scale.

Results

The CHP's Ego gram showed the N type with the top point of NP. The type of interpersonal attitude was I'M OK - YOU'RE OK (I+U++). The level of depression was 35.4, normal range. There was a significant difference in depression according to the duration of the career. There was a significant negative correlation among NP, A, FC ego states, interpersonal OK and depression, and a significant positive correlation between interpersonal Not-OK and depression. The NP, A, FC ego states and interpersonal Not-OK were significant predictors (47.1%) of depression.

Conclusion

This study showed that a program for CHPs to should include increasing the function of ego states and positive interpersonal attitude.

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Moderating Effects of the Ego-Energy in Relation to Stress, Drinking Motives, and Depression in Korean Adult Males
Doohah Yoon, Hyonggin An
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The Relation between Interpersonal Attitude and Communication Competence of New Visiting Nurses in Community Health Center
Seung Joo Lim, Eun A Park
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Predictors of Tobacco-Control Activities of Community Health Practitioners: Report from a National Survey: Kim, Jin Sun , Song, Mee Suk , Oh, Hyun Ei; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(8):1443-1450. Published online December 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.8.1443

Abstract PDF: The involvement of health-care professionals in tobacco-control activities is essential to prevent smoking-related morbidity and mortality. The purposes of this predictive correlational study were to examine tobacco-control activities and to identify the predictors of such activities of community health practitioners (CHPs). Of the 1,813 members of the Korean Association of CHP, 1,247 participated in this study. A mailed survey was conducted to collect data. The majority of CHPs supported tobacco-control policies and recognized tobacco-control activities as an important role for them. Only 44.3% of CHPs were confident in their knowledge and skills regarding tobacco-control activities, and only 30.8% had received professional tobacco-control education. While the majority of the CHPs "asked, advised, and assessed"their clients, only a small number "assisted or arranged". The tobacco-control activities of CHPs were predicted by their attitude toward it, age, experience of tobacco-control education, educational level, and general perception of the risk of smoking; these variables accounted 13.5% of variance in the tobacco-control activities of CHPs. These findings provide the basis for developing a continuing education program for CHPs. CHPs should be encouraged to integrate tobacco-control activities into their routine practice, and CHP education programs should be adjusted to increase the time spent on the tobacco-control intervention techniques.

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