Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Volume 46(6); December 2016

Original Articles

Inhalation Effects of Aroma Essential Oil on Quality of Sleep for Shift Nurses after Night Work: WonJong Kim, Myung-Haeng Hur; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):769-779. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.769

Purpose

This study was an experimental study to compare the inhalation effects of aroma essential oil on the quality of sleep (QOS) for shift nurses after working nights.

Methods

The participants were 60 healthy adults who didn't have any disease. As an experimental treatment, the participants in the experimental group were asked to inhale essential oil for 3 minutes at a distance of approximately 10 cm fromt heir nose and then they were asked to sleep with the aroma stone beside their head (within a 30 cm distance). QOS were measured four times on Pretest, Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 after they slept. To measure QOS, Perceived QOS (Numeric Rating Scale), the Verran & Synder-Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale were used, and number of awakenings (NoA) was measured by Actigraph.

Results

There were no significant differences in the homogeneity tests for general characteristics and dependent variables prior to the experiments, except for VSH of subjective sleep quality. Also, there was no significant interaction between group and time. The VSH of the experimental group was higher than the control group (F=6.39, p=.002). The NoA between the experimental group and the control group was significantly different after experimental treatment 3rd day (F=13.35, p=.001).

Conclusion

The findings show that the inhalation of aroma essential oil had effects to increase the quality of sleep. Therefore, the inhalation of aroma essential oil could be applied to general nursing interventions to improve the quality of sleep.

Citations

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The effects of aroma inhalation on the quality of sleep, professional quality of life, and near-misses in medication errors among emergency room nurses on night duty in Korea: a randomized controlled trial
Jungha Son, Chul-Gyu Kim
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2025; 27(1): 25. CrossRef
The effect of Aromatherapy with Pelargonium graveolens (P. graveolens) on the fatigue and sleep quality of critical care nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial
Nasrin Karimi, Shirin Hasanvand, Afsaneh Beiranvand, Mohammad Gholami, Mehdi Birjandi
EXPLORE.2024; 20(1): 82. CrossRef
Meta-analysis of the Effect Size of Lavender Essential Oil and Lavender Blended Essential Oils on Psychological Factors in Adults
Mi-Na Yu, Ae-Jung Kim
Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology.2024; 22(3): 477. CrossRef
Effectiveness of sleep interventions for rotating night shift workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bo Min Jeon, Su Hyun Kim, Seung Hwa Shin
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced delivery and improved bioactivity of essential oils
Sherif Babatunde Adeyemi, Aishat Mojisola Akere, Joshua Iseoluwa Orege, Onome Ejeromeghene, Odunola Blessing Orege, Jubril Olayinka Akolade
Heliyon.2023; 9(6): e16543. CrossRef
The Effects of Aroma Essential Oil Inhalation on Stress, Pain, and Sleep Quality in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
JiA Lee, Myung-Haeng Hur
Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(1): 1. CrossRef
Effectiveness of aromatherapy inhalation on anxiety and haemodynamic variables for patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Selma Turan Kavradim, Şefika Tuğba Yangöz, Zeynep Ozer
International Journal of Clinical Practice.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of aromatherapy with essential oil massage on the sleep quality of critical care nurses: A randomized controlled trial
Hsiu-Chin Hsu, Mei-Hsiang Lin, Hsiu-Fang Lee, Chiu-Yen Wu, Chih-Ting Chou, Shu-Fen Lin
Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice.2021; 43: 101358. CrossRef
The effect of rosemary essential oil inhalation on sleepiness and alertness of shift-working nurses: A randomized, controlled field trial
Ahmad Nasiri, Masoomeh Mo'tamed Boroomand
Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice.2021; 43: 101326. CrossRef
Sleep quality among shift-work nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jiwon Kang, Wonjung Noh, Youngjin Lee
Applied Nursing Research.2020; 52: 151227. CrossRef
Effects of Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mi-Eun Kim, Ji Hee Jun, Muyng-Haeng Hur
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(6): 655. CrossRef
Effect of aromatherapy on cancer complications: A systematic review
Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani, Roghaiyeh Afsargharehbagh, Fatemeh Marandi, Mojgan Moradi, Seyed-Mehdi Hashemi, Mahdieh Poodineh Moghadam, Abbas Balouchi
Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2019; 47: 102169. CrossRef
The Effects of Aromatherapy Massage on Sleep Quality of Nurses on Monthly Rotating Night Shifts
Ying-Ying Chang, Chao-Ling Lin, Li-Yin Chang, Vincenzo De Feo
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Essential Oils and Their Constituents: An Alternative Source for Novel Antidepressants
Damião De Sousa, Rayanne Silva, Epifanio Silva, Elaine Gavioli
Molecules.2017; 22(8): 1290. CrossRef

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Effects of a Customized Birth Control Program for Married Immigrant Postpartum Mothers: So Young Kim, So Young Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):780-792. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.780

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was conducted to develop a customized birth control program and identify its effects on attitude, subjective norm, behavioral control, intention, and behavior of contraception among immigrant postpartum mothers.
Methods
In this experimental study, Vietnamese, Filipino or Cambodian married immigrant postpartum mothers were recruited. They were assigned to the experiment group (n=21) or control group (n=21). The customized birth control program was provided to the experimental group for 4 weeks.
Results
The experimental group showed a significant increase in the score of attitude, subjective norm, behavioral control, intention, and behavior of contraception.
Conclusion
Findings in this study indicate that the customized postpartum birth control program, a systematic and integrative intervention program composed of customized health education, counseling and telephone monitoring, is able to provide effective planning for postpartum health promotion and birth control behavior practice in married immigrant women.

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Development of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses Caring for Preterm Infants: Jeong Soon Kim, Hee Sun Shin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):793-803. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.793

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Developmental care has been recognized as a very important component for the development and health promotion of preterm infants. However, research on how to assess developmental nursing competency has not been studied as expected. This study was done to develop and evaluate a new scale to measure nursing competency for developmental support of preterm infants.

Methods

Concept analysis was done with using the Hybrid model of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim (2000), from which a preliminary new scale (30 items) was developed. To test the validity and reliability of the new scale being developed, data were collected from 122 NICU nurses at 4 hospitals in 3 cities in the Republic of Korea, from December, 2014 to March, 2015.

Results

The final version of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses (DSCS-N) caring for premature infants was a 4-point Likert type scale, consisting of 19 items, and categorized as 6 factors, explaining 62.5% of the total variance. Each of the factors were named as follows; ‘environmental support’ (4 items), ‘parental support’ (3 items), ‘interaction’ (3 items), ‘critical thinking’ (3 items), ‘professional development’ (3 items), and ‘partnership’ (3 items). The Cronbach's α coefficient for the scale was .83 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .60~.76.

Conclusion

The psychometric evaluation of the new scale demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability. Findings indicate that the DSCS-N can be used as the tool to test the effect of educational programs for nurses and contribute to advance developmental care for preterm infants.

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Han Na Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
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Eun Kyoung Kim, In Young Cho, Ji Yeong Yun, Bobae Park
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 68: e27. CrossRef
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Kamile Akça, Fatma Kurudirek
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Analysis of research on developmentally supportive care for prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit: a scoping review
Hanna Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 9. CrossRef
Effects of a Neonatal Supportive Positioning Training Video Program for Preterm Infants on the Knowledge and Performance of Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Hyun Jin Moon, Kyung Sook Cho, Mi Young An, Dong Woo Son
Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(1): 25. CrossRef
Research Trends of Follow-Up Care after Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduation for Children Born Preterm: A Scoping Review
So Ra Kang, Haeryun Cho
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Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses (DSCS-N)
Ayşe Kahraman, Sibel Serap Ceylan
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2020; 54: e47. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Developmental Care Practice Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses
Jisun Park, Ji-Soo Kim
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2019; 47: e10. CrossRef
Limits of professional competency in nurses working in Nicu
Natalija Skorobogatova, Nida Žemaitienė, Kastytis Šmigelskas, Rasa Tamelienė, Eglė Markūnienė, Dalia Stonienė
Open Medicine.2018; 13(1): 410. CrossRef

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Hospital Arrival Rate within Golden Time and Factors Influencing Prehospital Delays among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Hye Mi Ahn, Hyeongsu Kim, Kun Sei Lee, Jung Hyun Lee, Hyo Seon Jeong, Soung Hoon Chang, Kyeong Ryong Lee, Sung Hea Kim, Eun Young Shin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):804-812. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.804

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This research was done to identify the hospital arrival rate and factors related to prehospital delay in arriving at an emergency medical center within the golden time after symptom onset in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods

Data used in the research was from the National Emergency Department Information System of the National Emergency Medical Center which reported that in 2014, 9,611 patients went to emergency medical centers for acute myocardial infarction. Prehospital time is the time from onset to arrival at an emergency medical center and is analyzed by subdividing arrival and delay based on golden time of 2 hour.

Results

After onset of acute myocardial infarction, arrival rate to emergency medical centers within the golden time was 44.0%(4,233), and factors related to prehospital delay were gender, age, region of residence, symptoms, path to hospital visit, and method of transportation.

Conclusion

Results of this study show that in 2014 more than half of AMI patients arrive at emergency medical centers after the golden time for proper treatment of AMI. In order to reduce prehospital delay, new policy that reflects factors influencing prehospital delay should be developed. Especially, public campaigns and education to provide information on AMI initial symptoms and to enhance utilizing EMS to get to the emergency medical center driectly should be implemented for patients and/or caregivers.

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Hee-Jung Jun, SeungYeoup Kang
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Amir Hossein Atabaki, Abbas Montazeri, Hashem Rafii-Tabar, Pezhman Sasanpour
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Kyong Sil Park
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Mirae Jo, Heeyoung Oh, Suk-Yong Jang
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Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine.2020; 7(2): 114. CrossRef

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Development of a Psychological Insulin Resistance Scale for Korean Patients with Diabetes: Youngshin Song, Younghee Jeon, Jeonghwa Cho, Bohyun Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):813-823. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.813

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to develop and validate a measure to evaluate the Korean version of psychological insulin resistance (K-PIR) in patients with diabetes in Korea.

Methods

Items were initially generated from literature reviews and interviews with 19 patients with diabetes. The content validity of the items was evaluated by experts. Participants were 424 patients with diabetes recruited through convenience sampling. A cross-sectional survey was designed for item-analysis, exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring, and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to measure the internal consistency.

Results

For the 24 items of the Korean version of psychological insulin resistance, six items were eliminated because of low correlation with the other items. Exploratory factor analysis with 18-item showed that two factors (psycho-cognitive factor and supportive factor) explained 41.8% of the variance, and the factor structure of K-PIR model had a good fit. Internal consistency of K-PIR with 18 items revealed good reliability.

Conclusion

The findings show that the K-PIR is reliable for measuring the psychological resistance to insulin therapy for Korean patients with diabetes. However, further study is needed to evaluate the validation because the proportion of variation of K-PIR was low in this study.

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Development and validation of a Chinese insulin medication literacy scale for patients with diabetes mellitus
Fangying Si, Tao Feng, Xiangfen Shi, Sufang Chen
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Sung-Chul Lim
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(4): 227. CrossRef
Factors Influencing the Subjective Health Status of Men with Insulin-treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Secondary Analysis Using Quantile Regression Analysis
Kang Sun Lee, Hyuk Joon Kim, Young Man Kim, Hye Young Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(4): 530. CrossRef
Factors affecting the health status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin treatments: A multi‐mediation path analysis
Kang Sun Lee, Hye Young Kim, Heung Young Jin
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2022; 31(9-10): 1285. CrossRef
Psychological Insulin Resistance: Key Factors and Intervention
Yeon Jeong Jang
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(3): 192. CrossRef
Diyabetli Hastalarda Psikolojik İnsülin Direnci Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması
Kevser IŞIK, Hilal YILDIRIM, Zeliha CENGİZ
Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2021; 15(4): 726. CrossRef
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Ancho Lim, Youngshin Song
Nursing Open.2020; 7(3): 887. CrossRef
Psychological Insulin Resistance and Low Self-efficacy as Barriers to Diabetes Self-care Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Bohyun Kim, Youngshin Song, Jong Im Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(1): 61. CrossRef
Factors influencing psychological insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients
Ji Hyeon Yu, Hye Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim, Eun Ko, Heung Yong Jin
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing Psychological Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: a Critical Comparison of Measures
E. Holmes-Truscott, F. Pouwer, J. Speight
Current Diabetes Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Path analysis of the Influence of Hospital Ethical Climate Perceived by Nurses on Supervisor Trust and Organizational Effectiveness: Yoon Goo Noh, Myun Sook Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):824-835. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.824

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze the paths of influence that a hospital's ethical climate exerts on nurses' organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior, with supervisor trust as the mediating factor, and verify compatibility of the models in hospital nurses.

Methods

The sample consisted of 374 nurses recruited from four hospitals in 3 cities in Korea. The measurements included the Ethical Climate Questionnaire, Supervisor Trust Questionnaire, Organizational Commitment Questionnaire and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire. Ethical Climate Questionnaire consisted of 6 factors; benevolence, personal morality, company rules and procedures, laws and professional codes, self-interest and efficiency. Data were analysed using SPSS version 18.0 and AMOS version 18.0.

Results

Supervisor trust was explained by benevolence and self-interest (29.8%). Organizational commitment was explained by benevolence, supervisor trust, personal morality, and rules and procedures (40.4%). Organizational citizenship behavior was explained by supervisor trust, laws and codes, and benevolence (21.8%).

Conclusion

Findings indicate that managers need to develop a positive hospital ethical climate in order to improve nurses' trust in supervisors, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.

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“How does workplace spirituality influence organizational citizenship behavior in the hospitality industry?”: a person-organization fit perspective
Shalini Srivastava, Pavitra Dhamija, Poornima Madan
Journal of Asia Business Studies.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
EXAMINING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST ON THE EFFECT OF ETHICAL CLIMATE ON EMPLOYEE VOICE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR
Gül Bilen, İbrahim Yıkılmaz, Lütfi Sürücü
Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi.2023; 22(88): 2117. CrossRef
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Myungji Kim, Hyunkyung Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(4): 363. CrossRef
Relationship between Ethical Climate, Workplace Bullying, and Turnover Intention of Hospital Nurses in Korea
Mi-Aie Lee, Hyun Ju Park, Bonghwa Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(4): 457. CrossRef
Relationships between job burnout, ethical climate and organizational citizenship behaviour among registered nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Lyu Wang, Xiaoyu Dong, Yan An, Cancan Chen, Marion Eckert, Greg Sharplin, Jennifer Fish, Xiuzhen Fan
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Ethical Climate of Nurses in Korea: A Scoping Review
Yoon Goo Noh, Oi Sun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(5): 487. CrossRef
The impact of clinical nurses’ perception of hospital ethical climates on their organizational citizenship behavior
Lu Wang, Dan Li, Wanhong Wei, Ting Zhang, Wenjuan Tang, Qunfeng Lu
Medicine.2022; 101(4): e28684. CrossRef
The mediating effect of ethical climate on religious orientation and ethical behavior
Zahra Marzieh Hassanian, Arezoo Shayan
Nursing Ethics.2019; 26(4): 1114. CrossRef

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Effects of Home Care Services Use by Older Adults on Family Caregiver Distress: Jiyeon Kim, Hongsoo Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):836-847. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.836

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between utilization of home care services under the national long-term care insurance system and family caregiver distress.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was conducted in this study using data collected in 2011 and 2012 from the Korean version of International Resident Assessment Instrument (interRAI) Home Care assessment system. The study sample included 228 clients receiving community based home care and their family caregivers in Korea. Descriptive statistics, χ² test, t-test, and Heckman selection model analysis were conducted using SAS 9.3.

Results

Presence of family caregiver distress was significantly associated with days of nurse visits (β=-.89, p=<.001) and home helper visits (β=-.53, p=.014). Level of caregiver distress was also significantly associated with days of nurse visits (β=-.66, p=.028). Other factors which were significantly associated with caregiver distress were depression, cognitive function, inadequate pain control, social support for older adult, and caregiver relationship to the older adult.

Conclusion

The results of this study show that visiting nurse service and appropriate support programs for Older Adults and family caregivers experiencing caregiver distress should be developed and provided to families based on the health care needs of older adults and their family caregivers for effective and sustainable home care.

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Juhang Kim, Ji Young Lim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(5): 586. CrossRef

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Frailty and its related Factors in Vulnerable Elderly Population by Age Groups: Eunok Park, Mi Yu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):848-857. Published online December 15, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.848

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to investigate factors affecting frailty by age groups among vulnerable elders in Korea.

Methods

In this secondary analysis, data were collected from records for 22,868 elders registered in the Visiting Health Management program of Public Health Centers in 2012. Health behaviors, clinically diagnosed disease, frailty, depression and cognitive condition were assessed. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression to determine the associated factors of frailty by age group.

Results

Alcohol consumption, physical activity, number of diseases, DM, CVA, arthritis, urinary incontinence, depression and cognitive condition were found to be factors significantly associated with frailty among the elders aged 65~74 (F=135.66, p<.001). Alcohol consumption, physical activity, CVA, arthritis, urinary incontinence, depression and cognitive condition were found to be factors associated with frailty in the elders aged 75~84 (F=245.40, p<.001). Physical activity, CVA, arthritis, depression and cognitive condition were factors associated with frailty in the elders over 85 years of age (F=96.48, p<.001).

Conclusion

The findings show that frailty of elders and associated factors were different by age group, and common factors affecting frailty were physical activity, CVA, arthritis, depression and cognitive condition. Thus, these factors should be considered in the development of intervention program for care and prevention of frailty and program should be modified according to age group.

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Adaptation Process to Group Home Living by Older Adults: Hee Sook Yoon, Sohyune Sok; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):858-870. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.858

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the adaptation process of older people to group homes.

Methods

Participants were twenty older adults aged 65 or older who were living in group homes. Data were collected from January to April, 2015. In-depth unstructured interviews were conducted with individual participants. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method.

Results

From open coding, 100 concepts, 38 sub-categories, and 14 categories were identified. Analysis showed that the central phenomenon of the adaptation process of older people to group homes was ‘gradually giving up’. Causal conditions were ‘good-for-nothing body’, contextual conditions were ‘pushed’, ‘beleaguered’. Intervening conditions were ‘reliable pillar: children’, ‘having affection (情) more than having it from family: facility workers’, ‘comfort - like feeling at home’, ‘relieved: system’. Action/interaction strategies were ‘facing the unfamiliar reality’, ‘building relationships with other people’, ‘accepting reality’. Consequences were ‘a good place, more than expected’, ‘hope for the remaining days’, ‘waiting for a peaceful death’.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of the experience of the adaptation process of older people to group homes. The findings from this study can be used as basic data to establish policies to increase the number of small scale facilities which can help older adults adapt easily to the facilities.

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Recovery experience of older adults with COVID-19: A grounded-theory study
Hee-Sook Kim, Jae Wan Park
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(1): 66. CrossRef

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Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale: Mi Ja Chung, Youngrye Park, Young Eun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):871-880. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.871

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (K-SCCS).

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used. The K-SCCS consisted of 26 questions to measure spiritual care competence of nurses. Participants, 228 nurses who had more than 3 years'experience as a nurse, completed the survey. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity and correlations of K-SCCS and spiritual well-being (SWB) were used to examine the criterion validity of K-SCCS. Cronbach's alpha was used to test internal consistency.

Results

The construct and the criterion-related validity of K-SCCS were supported as measures of spiritual care competence. Cronbach's alpha was .95. Factor loadings of the 26 questions ranged from .60 to .96. Construct validity of K-SCCS was verified by confirmatory factor analysis (RMSEA=.08, CFI=.90, NFI=.85). Criterion validity compared to the SWB showed significant correlation (r=.44, p<.001).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that K-SCCS serves as an appropriate measure of spiritual care competence with validity and reliability. However, further study is needed to retest the verification of the factor analysis related to factor 2 (professionalisation and improving the quality of spiritual care) and factor 3 (personal support and patient counseling). Therefore, we recommend using the total score without distinguishing subscales.

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Development and Effects of a Heart Health Diary for Self-Care Enhancement of Patients with Heart Failure: Jae Lan Shim, Seon Young Hwang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):881-893. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.881

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a heart health diary to promote self-care ability among patients with heart failure (HF), and to identify the diary's effect on self-care adherence, self-efficacy, and physical activity.

Methods

A randomized control-group pretest-posttest design was adopted using block randomization. A calender-typed health diary was developed and it included a self-care checklist and education information on HF management. The experimental group were given guided counseling and education for 8 weeks and wrote a daily health diary during that period. Data were collected from the outpatient department of a tertiary medical center from February to April 2016. To verify the hypotheses, data for the experimental group (n=28) and control group (n=33) were analysed using the independent t-test with SPSS/WIN 21.0.

Results

At the end of 8 weeks the experimental group had significantly higher scores for self-care adherence (t=-2.48, p =.016) and exercise related self-efficacy (t=-3.44, p =.001) compared to the control group.

Conclusion

The findings show that the application of a patient-directed heart health diary is an effective nursing intervention for improving HF patients' self-care adherence and exercise self-efficacy. Strategies to promote dietary self-efficacy are necessary along with further studies including repeated research with an increasing intervention period. Healthcare providers need to encourage the utilization of a health diary for HF patients as a tool for evaluation and for implementation that leads to self-care.

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Decision Making Experience on Breast Reconstruction for Women with Breast Cancer: Myungsun Yi, Woo Joung Joung, Eun Young Park, Eun Jin Kwon, Haejin Kim, Ji Young Seo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):894-904. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.894

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore decision making experiences of Korean women with breast cancer who underwent breast reconstruction with/after a mastectomy.

Methods

Data were collected during 2015-2016 through individual in-depth interviews with 10 women who had both mastectomy and breast reconstruction, and analyzed using phenomenological method to identify essential themes on experiences of making a decision to have breast reconstruction.

Results

Five theme clusters emerged. First, “expected loss of sexuality and discovery of autonomy” illustrates various aims of breast reconstruction. Second, “holding tight to the reputation of doctors amid uncertainty” specifies the importance of a trust relationship with their physician despite a lack of information. Third, “family members to step back in position” describes support or opposition from family members in the decision making process. Fourth, “bewilderment due to the paradox of appearance-oriented views” illustrates paradoxical environment, resulting in confusion and anger. Lastly, “decision to be made quickly with limited time to oneself” describes the crazy whirling process of decision making.

Conclusion

Findings highlight aims, worries, barriers, and facilitators that women with breast cancer experience when making a decision about breast reconstruction. Deciding on breast reconstruction was not only a burden for women in a state of shock with a diagnosis of breast cancer, but also an opportunity to decide to integrate their body, femininity, and self which might be wounded from a mastectomy. These findings will help oncology professionals provide effective educational counselling before the operation to promote higher satisfaction after the operation.

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