Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Chang Gi Park

12 Articles

Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the HIV Self-Management Scale in Patients with HIV: Gwang Suk Kim, Sang Hui Chu, Yunhee Park, Jun Yong Choi, Jeong In Lee, Chang Gi Park, Linda L. McCreary; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(3):439-448. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.3.439

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine validity and reliability of Webel and colleagues' HIV Self-Management Scale when used with a Korean sample.

Methods

The original 20-item HIV Self-Management Scale was translated into Korean using translation and back-translation. Nine HIV nurse experts tested content validity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of data from 203 patients was used to test construct validity. Concurrent validity was evaluated using correlation with patients' self-rating as a "smart patient" measured using a visual analogue scale. Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficients.

Results

All items were rated as having satisfactory content validity. Based on PCA and consideration of conceptual meaning, a three-factor solution was selected, explaining 48.76% of the variance. CFA demonstrated the adequacy of the three-domain structure of the construct HIV self-management: daily self-management health practices, social support and HIV self-management, and chronic nature of HIV self-management. Goodness-of-fit indices showed an acceptable fit overall with the full model (χ²/ df₍₁₆₄₎=1.66, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.05, TLI=0.91, and CFI=0.92). The Korean version of the HIV Self-Management Scale (KHSMS) was significantly correlated with patients' self-rated smart patient (r=.41). The subscale Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from .78 to .81; alpha for the total scale was .89.

Conclusion

The KHSMS provides a valid and reliable measure of self-management in Korean patients with HIV. Continued psychometric testing is recommended to provide further evidence of validity with this population.

Citations

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HIV self-management and associated factors among people living with HIV in Hunan, China: a nine-year longitudinal study
Lannan Peng, Yeping Wang, Xi Chen, Zhi Xie, Jie Li, Dan Luo
AIDS Care.2025; 37(2): 253. CrossRef
The Impact of Stigma on Self-Management Behavior Among People with HIV in China: The Role of Social Support and Self-Esteem
Haitao Huang, Liao Zhang, Ling Tu, Xiaona Zhang, Hua Zhong, Qianwen Liu, Ying Liu, Hong Chen
AIDS Patient Care and STDs.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Self‐Management and Its Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Abdisa Gemedi Jara, Masho Tigabe Tekle, Faisel Dula Sema, Banchamlak Teferi Mekonen, Asrat Elias Ergena, Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Saron Naji Gebremariam, Rahel Belete Abebe, Eyayaw Ashete Belachew, Abenezer Melaku Tafese, Eden Abetu Mehari, Ali Imran
BioMed Research International.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Social support, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-management behaviors among people living with HIV/AIDS in China: a structural equation modeling analysis
Haitao Huang, Ling Tu, Xiaona Zhang, Liao Zhang, Jianxiong Zhang, Qin Liu, Qianwen Liu, Ying Liu, Hong Chen
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Multidimensional Frailty, Quality of Life and Self-Management in Aging Hispanics Living With HIV
Evelyn Iriarte, Rosina Cianelli, Joseph P. De Santis, Arsham Alamian, Jose G. Castro, Yui Matsuda, Alejandra-X. Araya
Journal of Applied Gerontology.2024; 43(7): 899. CrossRef
Factor structure of the HIV-SM LMIC self-management questionnaire for people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries
Tegene Legese Dadi, Girmay Medhin, Mark Spigt
AIDS Research and Therapy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the relationship between illness perception, self‐management and quality of life among HIV‐positive men who have sex with men
Xu Wang, He Xu, Yao Zhang, Jing Zeng, Cong Liu, Rui Luo, Haidan Zhong, Weiping Cai, Linghua Li, Jing Gu
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2024; 80(12): 4963. CrossRef
A Study on AIDS Self-Management Status and Its Influencing Factors
Dong-Xia Wu, Jing-Xian Hu, Jian-Hong Ma, Ke-Yi Chang, Yun Zhang, Xiao-Li Quan, Jia-Ning Han, Hai-Jing Long, Chen Chen, Wei Zhai, Huan-Huan Guo, Li-Li Zhang, Xiao-Lan Wang
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2024; Volume 17: 4373. CrossRef
The relationship between HIV-related stigma and HIV self-management among men who have sex with men: The chain mediating role of social support and self-efficacy
Yan Tao, Xueling Xiao, Jun Ma, Honghong Wang
Frontiers in Psychology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Diabetes Family Impact Scale
Ismail Cetintas, Melahat Akgün Kostak
Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of Self-Management Behavior Clusters Among People Living with HIV in China: A Latent Class Profile Analysis
Hong Zhang, Yao Yin, Huan Wang, Ying Han, Xia Wang, Yi Liu, Hong Chen
Patient Preference and Adherence.2021; Volume 15: 1427. CrossRef
Factors influencing self-management of adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Habtamu Areri, Amy Marshall, Gillian Harvey
BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Testing a Question Prompt Intervention to Improve Communication between Patients with HIV and Healthcare Providers: A Pilot Study
Gwang Suk Kim, Mi-So Shim, Jun Yong Choi, Jeong In Lee, Ji Min Kim
Journal of Community Health Nursing.2020; 37(3): 153. CrossRef
Development of a Question Prompt List for Patients Living With HIV and Assessment of Their Information Needs
Gwang Suk Kim, Jae-Phil Choi, Jeong Min Yi, Mi-So Shim
Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.2019; 30(5): 575. CrossRef
Mediators and Moderators of Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV
Gwang Suk Kim, Suhee Kim, Jun Yong Choi, Jeong In Lee, Chang Gi Park, Linda L. McCreary
Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.2018; 29(4): 580. CrossRef
Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of the Dutch Objective Burden Inventory
Canan Demir Barutcu, Hatice Mert, Murat Bektaş
Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(3): 207. CrossRef

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Individual and Environmental Factors Influencing Questionable Development among Low-income Children: Differential Impact during Infancy versus Early Childhood: Gyungjoo Lee, Linda McCreary, Mi Ja Kim, Chang Gi Park, Soo Yang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(7):1039-1049. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.7.1039

Abstract PDF

Purpose

From the holistic environmental perspective, individual and environmental influences on low-income children's questionable development were identified and examined as to differences in the influences according to the child's developmental stage of infancy (age 0-35 months) or early childhood (age 36-71 months).

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional comparative design using negative binominal regression analysis to identify predictors of questionable development separately for each developmental stage. The sample was comprised of 952 children (357 in infancy and 495 in early childhood) from low-income families in South Korea. Predictors included individual factors: child's age and gender; proximal environmental influences: family factors (family health conditions, primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationship, depression in primary caregiver) and institution factors (daycare enrollment, days per week in daycare); and distal environmental influences: income/resources factors (family income, personal resources and social resources); and community factors (perceived child-rearing environment). The outcome variable was questionable development.

Results

Significant contributors to questionable development in the infancy group were age, family health conditions, and personal resources; in the early childhood group, significant contributors were gender, family health conditions, grandparent as a primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationships, daycare enrollment, and personal resources.

Conclusion

Factors influencing children's questionable development may vary by developmental stage. It is important to consider differences in individual and environmental influences when developing targeted interventions to ensure that children attain their optimal developmental goals at each developmental stage. Understanding this may lead nursing professionals to design more effective preventive interventions for low-income children.

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Association between home motor affordances and motor skills in daycare and non-daycare attending children
Saeed Valadi
Early Child Development and Care.2022; 192(10): 1599. CrossRef
Recursos ambientais, tipos de brinquedos e práticas familiares que potencializam o desenvolvimento cognitivo infantil
Leiziane Pereira, Sabrina da Conceição Guedes, Rosane Luzia de Souza Morais, Juliana Nogueira Pontes Nobre, Juliana Nunes Santos
CoDAS.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A PRÁTICA DO ENFERMEIRO NA CONSULTA DE PUERICULTURA NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Daniele de Souza Vieira, Nathanielly Cristina Carvalho de Brito Santos, João Agnaldo do Nascimento, Neusa Collet, Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira Toso, Altamira Pereira da Silva Reichert
Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Affordances in the home environment for motor development: Validity and reliability for the use in daycare setting
Alessandra Bombarda Müller, Nadia Cristina Valentini, Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira
Infant Behavior and Development.2017; 47: 138. CrossRef

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Multilevel Analysis of Health Care Service Utilization among Medical Aid Beneficiaries in Korea: Yang Heui Ahn, Ok Kyung Ham, Soo Hyun Kim, Chang Gi Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(7):928-935. Published online December 12, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.7.928

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The current study was done to identify individual- and group-level factors associated with health care service utilization among Korean medical aid beneficiaries by applying multilevel modeling.

Methods

Secondary data analysis was performed using data on health care service reimbursement and medical aid case management progress from 15,948 beneficiaries, and data from 229 regions were included in the analysis.

Results

Results of multilevel analysis showed an estimated intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 18.1%, indicating that the group level accounted for 18.1% of the total variance in health care service utilization, and that beneficiaries within the region are more likely to share common features with regard to health care service utilization. At the individual level, existence of disability and types of medical aid beneficiaries showed a significant association, while, at the group level, social deprivation index, and the number of beneficiaries and case managers within the region showed a significant association with health care service utilization.

Conclusion

The significant influence of group level variables in health care service utilization found in this study indicate a need for group level approaches, such as policy change and/ or promotion of community awareness.

Citations

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Exploring the role of social representations in micro-health insurance scheme enrolment and retainment in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
Albino Kalolo, Lara Gautier, Manuela De Allegri
Health Policy and Planning.2022; 37(7): 915. CrossRef
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Su Jung Kim, Eun Ju Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 6149. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Emotional · Behavioral Problems in Early Adolescence: A Multilevel Model Study
Hee Young Park, Yeon Hee Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2017; 28(4): 482. CrossRef
Equity of access under Korean national long-term care insurance: implications for long-term care reform
Ju Moon Park
International Journal for Equity in Health.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Ecological Correlates of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Korean Blue-collar Workers: A Multi-level Study
Won Ju Hwang, Yunhee Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(6): 857. CrossRef
Prevalence and Predictors of Polypharmacy among Korean Elderly
Hong-Ah Kim, Ju-Young Shin, Mi-Hee Kim, Byung-Joo Park, Terence J. Quinn
PLoS ONE.2014; 9(6): e98043. CrossRef

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Risk Factors Influencing Probability and Severity of Elder Abuse in Community-dwelling Older Adults: Applying Zero-inflated Negative Binomial Modeling of Abuse Count Data: Mi Heui Jang, Chang Gi Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):819-832. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.819

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to identify risk factors that influence the probability and severity of elder abuse in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect data from community-dwelling Koreans, 65 and older (N=416). Logistic regression, negative binomial regression and zero-inflated negative binomial regression model for abuse count data were utilized to determine risk factors for elder abuse.

Results

The rate of older adults who experienced any one category of abuse was 32.5%. By zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, the experience of verbal-psychological abuse was associated with marital status and family support, while the experience of physical abuse was associated with self-esteem, perceived economic stress and family support. Family support was found to be a salient risk factor of probability of abuse in both verbal-psychological and physical abuse. Self-esteem was found to be a salient risk factor of probability and severity of abuse in physical abuse alone.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that tailored prevention and intervention considering both types of elder abuse and target populations might be beneficial for preventative efficiency of elder abuse.

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Fatores associados à violência contra o idoso: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Maria Angélica Bezerra dos Santos, Rafael da Silveira Moreira, Patrícia Fernanda Faccio, Gabriela Carneiro Gomes, Vanessa de Lima Silva
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva.2020; 25(6): 2153. CrossRef
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Sun Mi Lee, Yun Sin Song, Young Nam Kim, Eunsuk Ahn
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2018; 42(2): 46. CrossRef
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Jooyoung Kong, Haesang Jeon
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Journal of Product Research.2016; 34(2): 67. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2015; 29(3): 488. CrossRef

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Statistical Methods to Control Response Bias in Nursing Activity Surveys: Ji Young Lim, Chang Gi Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(1):48-55. Published online February 29, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.1.48

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare statistical methods to control response bias in nursing activity surveys.

Methods

Data were collected at a medical unit of a general hospital. The number of nursing activities and consumed activity time were measured using self-report questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to identify general characteristics of the units. Average, Z-standardization, gamma regression, finite mixture model, and stochastic frontier model were adopted to estimate true activity time controlling for response bias.

Results

The nursing activity time data were highly skewed and had non-normal distributions. Among the 4 different methods, only gamma regression and stochastic frontier model controlled response bias effectively and the estimated total nursing activity time did not exceeded total work time. However, in gamma regression, estimated total nursing activity time was too small to use in real clinical settings. Thus stochastic frontier model was the most appropriate method to control response bias when compared with the other methods.

Conclusion

According to these results, we recommend the use of a stochastic frontier model to estimate true nursing activity time when using self-report surveys.

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Daily Time Use by Activity of Community-Dwelling Older Koreans: Focus on Health Management
Hana Ko
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(4): 1688. CrossRef

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Comparison of Benefit Estimation Models in Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Case of Chronic Hypertension Management Programs: Ji Young Lim, Mi Ja Kim, Chang Gi Park, Jung Yun Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(6):750-757. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.6.750

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Cost-benefit analysis is one of the most commonly used economic evaluation methods, which helps to inform the economic value of a program to decision makers. However, the selection of a correct benefit estimation method remains critical for accurate cost-benefit analysis. This paper compared benefit estimations among three different benefit estimation models.

Methods

Data from community-based chronic hypertension management programs in a city in South Korea were used. Three different benefit estimation methods were compared. The first was a standard deterministic estimation model; second, a repeated-measures deterministic estimation model; and third, a transitional probability estimation model.

Results

The estimated net benefit of the three different methods were $1,273.01, $-3,749.42, and $-5,122.55 respectively.

Conclusion

The transitional probability estimation model showed the most correct and realistic benefit estimation, as it traced possible paths of changing status between time points and it accounted for both positive and negative benefits.

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Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Community Intervention and Health Promotion Programs for the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases in Japan and Other East and Southeast Asian Countries
Akihiro Hirashiki, Atsuya Shimizu, Kenichiro Nomoto, Manabu Kokubo, Noriyuki Suzuki, Hidenori Arai
Circulation Reports.2022; 4(4): 149. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Economic Evidence on Community Hypertension Interventions
Donglan Zhang, Guijing Wang, Heesoo Joo
American Journal of Preventive Medicine.2017; 53(6): S121. CrossRef

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Heart Rate Variability and Metabolic Syndrome in Hospitalized Patients with Schizophrenia: Kyunghee Lee, Jeongeon Park, Jeongim Choi, Chang Gi Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(6):788-794. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.6.788

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Reduced heart rate variability significantly increases cardiovascular mortality. Metabolic syndrome increases the cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Recently, increasing cardiovascular mortality has been reported in patients with schizophrenia. This study was done to compare heart rate variability between adults with and without schizophrenia and to compare the relationship of heart rate variability to metabolic syndrome in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

This was a descriptive and correlational study in which 719 adults without schizophrenia and 308 adults with schizophrenia took part between May and June 2008. We measured the following: five-minute heart rate variability; high-frequency, low-frequency, the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency, and the Standard Deviation of all the normal RR intervals. Data was also collected on metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose.

Results

The Standard Deviation of all the normal RR intervals values of heart rate variability indices were 1.53±0.18. The low-frequency and high-frequency values of heart rate variability indices were significantly higher in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia (3.89±1.36; 3.80±1.20) than those in the healthy participants (2.20±0.46; 2.10±0.46). There were no significant differences between the schizophrenic patients with and without metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that schizophrenia patients have significantly lower cardiac autonomic control, but they have significantly higher low-frequency and high-frequency values than those of healthy adults. Use of antipsychotic drug may affect the autonomic nervous system in schizophrenic patients. Metabolic syndrome was not associated with cardiac autonomic control in schizophrenia patients.

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Altered Heart Rate Variability During Rest in Schizophrenia: A State Marker
Anjum Datta, Sandeep Choudhary, Sunaina Soni, Rajesh Misra, Kiran Singh
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Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health
Nicolette Stogios, Alexander Gdanski, Philip Gerretsen, Araba F. Chintoh, Ariel Graff-Guerrero, Tarek K. Rajji, Gary Remington, Margaret K. Hahn, Sri Mahavir Agarwal
npj Schizophrenia.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Resting vagal activity in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of heart rate variability as a potential endophenotype
Annika Clamor, Tania M. Lincoln, Julian F. Thayer, Julian Koenig
British Journal of Psychiatry.2016; 208(1): 9. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016; 25(1): 1. CrossRef
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Analysis of Cost and Efficiency of a Medical Nursing Unit Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing: Ji Young Lim, Mi Ja Kim, Chang Gi Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(4):500-509. Published online August 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.4.500

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Time-driven activity-based costing was applied to analyze the nursing activity cost and efficiency of a medical unit.

Methods

Data were collected at a medical unit of a general hospital. Nursing activities were measured using a nursing activities inventory and classified as 6 domains using Easley-Storfjell Instrument. Descriptive statistics were used to identify general characteristics of the unit, nursing activities and activity time, and stochastic frontier model was adopted to estimate true activity time.

Results

The average efficiency of the medical unit using theoretical resource capacity was 77%, however the efficiency using practical resource capacity was 96%. According to these results, the portion of non-added value time was estimated 23% and 4% each. The sums of total nursing activity costs were estimated 109,860,977 won in traditional activity-based costing and 84,427,126 won in time-driven activity-based costing. The difference in the two cost calculating methods was 25,433,851 won.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the time-driven activity-based costing provides useful and more realistic information about the efficiency of unit operation compared to traditional activity-based costing. So time-driven activity-based costing is recommended as a performance evaluation framework for nursing departments based on cost management.

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Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene.2024; 24(5): 489. CrossRef
Estimated Time to Complete Direct Nursing Interventions Using the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) at Eight Hospitals in South Korea
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International Journal of Nursing Knowledge.2018; 29(2): 104. CrossRef
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Comparison for Risk Estimate of Aspiration between the Revised Dysphagia Assessment Tool and Videofluoroscopy in Post-Stroke Patients: Kyung Hee Moon, Hyun Sook Sohn, Eun Seok Lee, Eun Kyung Paek, Eun Ju Kang, Seung Hee Lee, Na Ri Han, Meen Hye Lee, Deog Young Kim, Chang Gi Park, Ji-Soo Yoo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(3):359-366. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.359

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the significant factors for risk estimate of aspiration and to evaluate the efficiency of the dysphagia assessment tool.

Methods

A consecutive series of 210 stroke patients with aspiration symptoms such as cough and dysphagia who had soft or regular diet without tube feeding were examined. The dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was compared with videofluoroscopy using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis.

Results

In CART analysis, of 34 factors, the significant factors for estimating risk of aspiration were cough during swallowing, oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, and cough after swallowing. The risk estimate error of the revised dysphagia assessment tool was 25.2%, equal to that of videofluoroscopy.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the dysphagia assessment tool developed and examined in this study was potentially useful in the clinical field and the primary risk estimating factor was cough during swallowing. Oral stasis, facial symmetry, salivary drooling, cough after swallowing were other significant factors, and based on these results, the dysphagia assessment tool for aspiration was revised and complemented.

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Screening for aspiration risk associated with dysphagia in acute stroke
Elizabeth Boaden, Jane Burnell, Lucy Hives, Paola Dey, Andrew Clegg, Mary W Lyons, C Elizabeth Lightbody, Margaret A Hurley, Hazel Roddam, Elizabeth McInnes, Anne Alexandrov, Caroline L Watkins
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and Utilization of Assessment and Intervention Checklist for Post-stroke Dysphagia
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Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(2): 113. CrossRef

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Impact of Life Style Characteristics on Prevalence Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Ji-Soo Yoo, Jeong In Jeong, Chang Gi Park, Se Won Kang, Jeong-Ah Ahn; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(4):594-601. Published online August 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.4.594

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of life style characteristics on the prevalence risk of metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods

A total of 581 adults were recruited from a cardiovascular outpatient clinic. A newly developed comprehensive life style evaluation tool for MS patients was used, and patient data related to the MS diagnosis were reviewed from the hospital records.

Results

The overall prevalence of MS was 53.2%, and the mean of MS score was 2.6 for patients at a cardiovascular outpatient clinic (78% of the patients had hypertension). Dietary habits among the life style characteristics had significant influence on the prevalence risk of MS and MS scores. And also interestingly, the classification and regression tree (CART) model suggested that the high prevalence risk groups for MS were older adults (61.5≤age<79.4), and adults between 48.5 and 61.5 yr of age with bad dietary habits.

Conclusion

This study indicates that nurses should focus on dietary habits of patients (especially patients classified as high prevalence risk for MS) for improvement and prevention of MS prevalence risk.

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Balanced Scorecard for Performance Measurement of a Nursing Organization in a Korean Hospital: Yoonmi Hong, Kyung Ja Hwang, Mi Ja Kim, Chang Gi Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2008;38(1):45-54. Published online February 29, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.45

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a balanced scorecard (BSC) for performance measurement of a Korean hospital nursing organization and to evaluate the validity and reliability of performance measurement indicators.

Methods

Two hundred fifty-nine nurses in a Korean hospital participated in a survey questionnaire that included 29-item performance evaluation indicators developed by investigators of this study based on the Kaplan and Norton's BSC (1992). Cronbach's alpha was used to test the reliability of the BSC. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with a structure equation model (SEM) was applied to assess the construct validity of the BSC.

Results

Cronbach's alpha of 29 items was .948. Factor analysis of the BSC showed 5 principal components (eigen value >1.0) which explained 62.7% of the total variance, and it included a new one, community service. The SEM analysis results showed that 5 components were significant for the hospital BSC tool.

Conclusion

High degree of reliability and validity of this BSC suggests that it may be used for performance measurements of a Korean hospital nursing organization. Future studies may consider including a balanced number of nurse managers and staff nurses in the study. Further data analysis on the relationships among factors is recommended.

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The Use of Propensity Score Matching for Evaluation of the Effects of Nursing Interventions: Suk Jeong Lee, Ji Soo Yoo, Mikyung Shin, Chang Gi Park, Hyun Chul Lee, Eun Jin Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(3):414-421. Published online April 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.3.414

Abstract PDF

Background

Nursing intervention studies often suffer from a selection bias introduced by failure of random assignment. Evaluation with selection bias could under or over-estimate any intervention's effects. PS matching (PSM) can reduce a selection bias through matching similar Propensity Scores (PS). PS is defined as the conditional probability of being treated given the individual's covariates and it can be reused to balance the covariates of two groups.

Purpose

This study was done to assess the significance of PSM as an alternative evaluation method of nursing interventions.

Method

An intervention study for patients with some baseline individual characteristic differences between two groups was used for this demonstration. The result of a t-test with PSM was compared with a t-test without matching.

Results

The level of HbA1c at 12 months after baseline was different between the two groups in terms of matching or not.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the effects of a quasi-random assignment. Evaluation using PSM can reduce a selection bias impact that affects the result of the nursing intervention. Analyzing nursing research more objectively to reduce selection bias using PSM is needed.

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