Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Paper

Media discourse on physician assistant nurses in South Korea: a text network and topic modeling approach: Young Gyu Kwon, Daun Jeong, Song Hee Park, Mi Kyung Kim, Chan Woong Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(3):388-399. Published online July 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25038

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study quantitatively examined the portrayal of physician assistant (PA) nurses in Korean media by integrating text network analysis with latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling.
Methods
A total of 3,564 news articles published by nine major Korean media outlets between 2020 and 2024 were analyzed. Content analysis was conducted using term frequency-inverse document frequency calculations, network centrality analysis, and LDA topic modeling to extract key terms, map discourse structures, and identify latent topics.
Results
The analysis identified four primary topics in Korean media discourse: “healthcare workforce expansion policies” (30.4%), “hospital clinical practice and operational management” (23.5%), “institutionalization of the PA nursing role” (17.8%), and “COVID-19 response and public health crisis management” (28.3%). High-centrality keywords included “hospital,” “medical,” “patient,” “physician,” “government,” and “nurse,” indicating that the discourse primarily focused on clinical settings. Topic modeling revealed a major shift from pandemic-centered coverage in 2020 to a focus on healthcare workforce policy and PA nurse institutionalization in 2024, coinciding with the passage of the Nursing Act.
Conclusion
This study provides empirical evidence suggesting that the portrayal of PA nurses in Korean media discourse evolved from a peripheral regulatory issue to a central healthcare delivery solution, particularly in the contexts of workforce management, clinical practice, and crisis response. Our findings suggest that PA nurse institutionalization received broader attention when positioned as part of systemic healthcare improvements addressing concrete clinical needs. These results offer valuable insights for policymakers and administrators in framing and implementing workforce policy reforms.

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Review Paper

A review of domestic and international contexts for establishing a communication platform for early-career nurse scientists: Jeung-Im Kim, Jin-Hee Park, Hye Young Kim, Mi Yu, Sun Joo Jang, Yeonsoo Jang, Sangeun Jun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(2):317-325. Published online May 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25041

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
As nursing continues to advance through digital health, clinical specialization, and interdisciplinary research, early-career nurse scientists are central to advancing innovation. However, Korea lacks a structured platform to support their research, collaboration, and career development. This review aimed to identify the needs of early-career nurse scientists and examine international best practices to guide the creation of an effective communication platform.
Methods
This study involved a secondary analysis of the final report from the project “Establishment of a communication platform for young nursing scientists,” carried out by the Korean Society of Nursing Science. The report comprises data from focus group interviews with domestic graduate students and early-career researchers, a literature review of international communication and support systems, and a global policy analysis related to young nursing scientists. Based on this report, the present review synthesizes key findings and draws implications for the development of a communication platform in Korea.
Results
International examples, such as grant writing programs, mentoring initiatives, and digital collaboration hubs, showed positive outcomes in strengthening research capacity and promoting the professional growth of nurse scientists. Based on these findings, key considerations for platform development include: (1) establishing clear leadership and a participatory governance model; (2) providing demand-driven content such as research guides, mentoring, and mental health resources; (3) implementing mechanisms to ensure sustainability, content quality, and user data protection; and (4) designing an integrated platform that fosters synergy across research, policy development, education, and global networking.
Conclusion
A digital platform for early-career nurse scientists should function not merely as an information portal, but also as dynamic infrastructure for collaboration, mentorship, and growth. It is recommended that the Korean Society of Nursing Science spearhead this initiative, with governmental support, to enhance the research capacity and expand the global engagement of Korean nursing scientists.

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Research Papers

Analysis of the relative importance of key factors in nursing workforce management for pandemic response in general hospitals and long-term care hospitals: Jeong Eun Cha, Eun Kyoung Yun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(2):236-248. Published online May 14, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24112

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to identify the key factors in nursing workforce management for pandemic response in general hospitals and long-term care hospitals and to analyze the relative importance of these factors.
Methods
A validity test was conducted with experts to select four categories and 30 key factors related to nursing workforce management for pandemic response. Surveys were collected from 25 nursing managers in general hospitals and 21 nursing managers in long-term care hospitals, and the relative importance of the key factors was analyzed using the analytic hierarchy process method.
Results
Differences were found between the two groups in the relative importance of nursing workforce management for pandemic response. Specifically, the highest-ranking category was “workforce recruitment and redeployment” for general hospitals, but “workforce support and protection” for long-term care hospitals. The most important factor regarding nursing workforce management was the “nurse-to-patient ratio” for both general and long-term care hospitals.
Conclusion
General and long-term care hospitals need to establish nursing workforce management strategies to effectively respond to pandemics with appropriate consideration of the relative importance and prioritization of key factors based on hospital characteristics.

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Analysis of the Adequacy of Nurse Staffing Level through the Estimation of Nursing Activity Hours and Implementation of Focus Group Interviews in a Tertiary Hospital: Using a Mixed-Method Design: Hyun-Joo Kim, Sun-Hee Lee, Jai-Jung Lee, Sun-Suk Seong, Hee Yang, Hyang-Yuol Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):237-249. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22142

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the adequacy of current nurse staffing levels by identifying nursing activities and workload.
Methods
The study used a mixed-method design. A nursing activity survey was conducted using the work sampling method over 2 working days with 119 general ward nurses. A focus group interview was conducted with 12 nurses. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and content analysis, respectively.
Results
The most amount of time was spent on medication (in direct nursing) and electronic medical record documentation (in indirect nursing). The appropriate nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:7.7 for the day shift, 1:9.0 for the evening shift, and 1:11.9 for the night shift. However, the current nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:9.4, 1:11.0, and 1:13.8 for the day, evening, and night shifts, respectively. Therefore, the current nurse staffing level is insufficient for the workload. In the focus group interview, the main reasons cited for being unable to complete tasks within working hours were communication and coordination, and the nursing electronic medical record. The essential nursing activities of basic nursing and emotional support were overlooked owing to a heavy workload. Therefore, an adequate nurse staffing level should be higher than the measured quantitative workload.
Conclusion
These results suggest the general wards of tertiary hospitals should evaluate the adequacy of their current nurse staffing and allocate sufficient nurses to improve patient safety and nursing care quality.

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Nurses' Experience Working with Substitute Nurses
Hye Mi Kim, Yeon Hee Kim, Jeong Hye Kim
Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2025; 10(3): 208. CrossRef

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National Petition Analysis Related to Nursing: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling: HyunJung Ko, Seok Hee Jeong, Eun Jee Lee, Hee Sun Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):635-651. Published online December 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23052

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the main keyword, network structure, and main topics of the national petition related to “nursing” in South Korea.
Methods
Data were gathered from petitions related to the national petition in Korea Blue House related to the topic “nursing” or “nurse” from August 17, 2017, to May 9, 2022. A total of 5,154 petitions were searched, and 995 were selected for the final analysis. Text network analysis and topic modeling were analyzed using the Netminer 4.5.0 program.
Results
Regarding network characteristics, a density of 0.03, an average degree of 144.483, and an average distance of 1.943 were found. Compared to results of degree centrality and betweenness centrality, keywords such as “work environment,” “nursing university,” “license,” and “education” appeared typically in the eigenvector centrality analysis. Topic modeling derived four topics: (1) “Improving the working environment and dealing with nursing professionals,” (2) “requesting investigation and punishment related to medical accidents,” (3) “requiring clear role regulation and legislation of medical and nonmedical professions,” and (4) “demanding improvement of healthcare-related systems and services.” Conclusion: This is the first study to analyze Korea's national petitions in the field of nursing. This study's results confirmed both the internal needs and external demands for nurses in South Korea. Policies and laws that reflect these results should be developed.

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Voice of Customer Analysis of Nursing Care in a Tertiary Hospital: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
Hyunjung Ko, Nara Han, Seulki Jeong, Jeong A Jeong, Hye Ryoung Yun, Eun Sil Kim, Young Jun Jang, Eun Ju Choi, Chun Hoe Lim, Min Hee Jung, Jung Hee Kim, Dong Hyu Cho, Seok Hee Jeong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(5): 529. CrossRef
A Study on Internet News for Patient Safety Campaigns: Focusing on Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
Sun-Hwa Shin, On-Jeon Baek
Healthcare.2024; 12(19): 1914. CrossRef

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2 Crossref

Effects of Nursing Work Environment on Intention to Stay of Hospital Nurses: A Two-Mediator Serial Mediation Effect of Career Motivation and Job-Esteem: Yu Na Lee, Eungyung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):622-634. Published online December 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23038

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of career motivation and job-esteem and the effect of the nursing work environment on intention to stay among hospital nurses.
Methods
Data were collected from 289 nurses working at an advanced general hospital. The research model design was based on the PROCESS macro proposed by Hayes and analyzed using SPSS 24.0 program.
Results
The results showed a positive correlation between intention to stay and nursing work environment (r = .19, p = .001), career motivation (r = .34, p < .001), and job-esteem (r = .37, p < .001). Nursing work environment (B = 0.34 [.09~.59]) and job-esteem (B = 0.27 [.04~.49]) had a direct effect on intention to stay. There was a two-mediator sereal mediation effect of career motivation and job-esteem. The nursing work environment showed a significant effect on the intention to stay among hospital nurses through career motivation and job-esteem.
Conclusion
In order to increase the retention rate of hospital nurses, it is suggested that government and medical institutions provide multifaceted support that can increase nurses’ motivation for career development and recognition of the nursing profession through improvement of the nursing work environment.

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Weight analysis of Chinese nurses' behaviors to maintain patient dignity and its relationship with job-esteem: a cross-sectional study controlling for agreeableness
Cong Guo, Chunlin Zhang, Cuizhu Zhou, Mengqi Zhu, Lingling Chen, Youran Liu, Yequn Zhang, Jie Wang, Tengfei Liang
Frontiers in Psychology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Grit and Nursing Work Environment on Work Engagement in Clinical Nurses
Young Ju Kim, Hye Young Cho
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 312. CrossRef
The Effects of Emotional Intelligence and the Practice Environment on the Job-Esteem of Physician Assistant Nurses in University Hospitals
Yoonjung Cho, Yeoungsuk Song
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(4): 488. CrossRef
The Korean Version of Health Work Environment Assessment Tool for Clinical Nurses: A Validation and Reliability Study
Im Sun Seo, Mihyun Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(5): 483. CrossRef

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4 Crossref

Effects of Clinical Nurses’ Job Crafting on Organizational Effectiveness Based on Job DemandsResource Model: Eun Young Lee, Eungyung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):129-143. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22138

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of clinical nurses’ job crafting on organizational effectiveness based on the job demands-resources model proposed by Bakker and Demerouti (2017).
Methods
The participants consisted of 393 nurses working in nursing units of a tertiary general hospital located in Cheongju region. The data, collected using questionnaire from August 9 to August 20, 2021, were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 27.0.
Results
The goodness-of-fit (GoF) test results on the modified model (χ 2 = 2.7, GFI = .94, SRMR = .03, RMSEA = .06, NFI = .92, CFI = .94, TLI = .92, AGFI = .90), indicated that the GoF index satisfied the recommended level. Regarding the effects of each variable on organizational effectiveness, job crafting showed statistically significant direct (β = .48, p < .001), indirect (β = .23, p < .001), and total effects (β = .71, p < .001). Burnout showed statistically significant direct effect (β = - .17, p < .001). Work engagement showed statistically significant direct (β = .41, p < .001) and total effects (β = .41, p < .001). The factors explaining organizational effectiveness were job crafting, burnout, and work engagement, which had an explanatory power of 76.7%.
Conclusion
Nurses’ job crafting is an important mediating factor for enhancing the organizational effectiveness of nursing organizations. Hospitals should develop job-crafting success cases and related education and training programs as a strategy for enhancing the job crafting of nurses and, consequently organizational effectiveness.

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Hospital Nurses’ Professional Quality of Life Model: A Cross‐Sectional Study Based on the Expanded Job Demands‐Resources Model
Younghee Kim, Mi Yu, Jacopo Fiorini
Journal of Nursing Management.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of grit and job crafting on organizational commitment and job satisfaction among hospital nurses in Korea
Mi-Suk Hyun
Medicine.2025; 104(45): e45890. CrossRef
Effects of Attitude Toward Interdepartmental Transfer, Career Growth Opportunity, and Role Breadth Self-Efficacy on Job Crafting among Nurses with Transfer Experience
Yu Jin Lee, Chung Hee Woo
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(4): 497. CrossRef
Job Crafting as the Missing Link: Understanding Its Role in Nurses’ Work Engagement
Kyungjin Lee, Ja Kyung Seo, Seung Eun Lee, Yunhong Liu
Journal of Nursing Management.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Commitment to Organizational Change in Clinical Nurses: A Structural Model Applying Lewin's Change Theory
Mihwa Hong, Sujeong Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(1): 38. CrossRef

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Keyword Network Analysis and Topic Modeling of News Articles Related to Artificial Intelligence and Nursing: Ju-Young Ha, Hyo-Jin Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):55-68. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22117

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the main keywords, network properties, and main topics of news articles related to artificial intelligence technology in the field of nursing.
Methods
After collecting artificial intelligence-and nursing-related news articles published between January 1, 1991, and July 24, 2022, keywords were extracted via preprocessing. A total of 3,267 articles were searched, and 2,996 were used for the final analysis. Text network analysis and topic modeling were performed using NetMiner 4.4.
Results
As a result of analyzing the frequency of appearance, the keywords used most frequently were education, medical robot, telecom, dementia, and the older adults living alone. Keyword network analysis revealed the following results: a density of 0.002, an average degree of 8.79, and an average distance of 2.43; the central keywords identified were ’education,’ ‘medical robot,’ and ‘fourth industry.’ Five topics were derived from news articles related to artificial intelligence and nursing: ‘Artificial intelligence nursing research and development in the health and medical field,’ ‘Education using artificial intelligence for children and youth care,’ ‘Nursing robot for older adults care,’ ‘Community care policy and artificial intelligence,’ and ‘Smart care technology in an aging society.’ Conclusion: The use of artificial intelligence may be helpful among the local community, older adult, children, and adolescents. In particular, health management using artificial intelligence is indispensable now that we are facing a super-aging society. In the future, studies on nursing intervention and development of nursing programs using artificial intelligence should be conducted.

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Mapping the Landscape of AI-Driven Human Resource Management: A Social Network Analysis of Research Collaboration
Mehrdad Maghsoudi, Motahareh Kamrani Shahri, Mehrdad Agha Mohammad Ali Kermani, Rahim Khanizad
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The Moderating Effect of Organizational Justice on the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Nursing Performance in Clinical Nurses: Ju-Ra Kim, Yukyung Ko, Youngjin Lee, Chun-Ja Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(5):511-521. Published online October 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22076

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the moderating effect of organizational justice on the relationship between self-efficacy and nursing performance among clinical nurses.
Methods
In January 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 224 clinical nurses recruited from a university-affiliated hospital in Suwon, South Korea. Participants completed online-based, self-report structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using multiple regression and a simple model of PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval.
Results
Self-efficacy and organizational justice were found to be significant predictors of nursing performance. These two predictors explained the additional 34.8% variance of nursing performance in the hierarchical regression model, after adjusting the other covariates. In addition, organizational justice moderated the relationship between self-efficacy and nursing performance among the clinical nurses. In particular, at low self-efficacy level, participants with high organizational justice had higher nursing performance compared to those with low organizational justice.
Conclusion
Enhancing organizational justice can be used as an organizational strategy for improving the organizational culture in terms of distribution, procedure, and interaction. Ultimately, these efforts will contribute to the improvement of nursing performance through a synergistic effect on organizational justice beyond nurses’ individual competency and self-efficacy.

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Lating Zhang, Xianzhen Jin, Na Cheng, Ruhua Wang, Xinhui Liang, Haiyan Fan, Xue Jiang
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JaHyun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Sunmi Kim
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Yali Li, Qi Jing, Taiwen Feng, Xiaoling Yang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(4): 385. CrossRef

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Images of Nurses Appeared in Media Reports Before and After Outbreak of COVID-19: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling: Min Young Park, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Eun Jee Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(3):291-307. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22002

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The aims of study were to identify the main keywords, the network structure, and the main topics of press articles related to nurses that have appeared in media reports.
Methods
Data were media articles related to the topic “nurse” reported in 16 central media within a one-year period spanning July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020. Data were collected from the Big Kinds database. A total of 7,800 articles were searched, and 1,038 were used for the final analysis. Text network analysis and topic modeling were performed using NetMiner 4.4.
Results
The number of media reports related to nurses increased by 3.86 times after the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak compared to prior. Pre- and post-COVID-19 network characteristics were density 0.002, 0.001; average degree 4.63, 4.92; and average distance 4.25, 4.01, respectively. Four topics were derived before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, respectively. Pre-COVID-19 example topics are “a nurse who committed suicide because she could not withstand the Taewoom at work” andf “a nurse as a perpetrator of a newborn abuse case,” while post-COVID-19 examples are “a nurse as a victim of COVID-19,” “a nurse working with the support of the people,” and “a nurse as a top contributor and a warrior to protect from COVID-19.” Conclusion: Topic modeling shows that topics become more positive after the COVID-19 outbreak. Individual nurses and nursing organizations should continuously monitor and conduct further research on nurses’ image.

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Honoring donors: medical students’ reflections on cadaveric dissection
Young Gyu Kwon, Myeong Namgung, Song Hee Park, Mi Kyung Kim, Chan Woong Kim, Hyo Hyun Yoo
BMC Medical Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of the relative importance of key factors in nursing workforce management for pandemic response in general hospitals and long-term care hospitals
Jeong Eun Cha, Eun Kyoung Yun
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Shifting social perceptions of dietitians in Korea after the legislation of nutrition teachers: a keyword network analysis of unstructured data
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Taewha Lee, JooHyun Lee
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Voice of Customer Analysis of Nursing Care in a Tertiary Hospital: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
Hyunjung Ko, Nara Han, Seulki Jeong, Jeong A Jeong, Hye Ryoung Yun, Eun Sil Kim, Young Jun Jang, Eun Ju Choi, Chun Hoe Lim, Min Hee Jung, Jung Hee Kim, Dong Hyu Cho, Seok Hee Jeong
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Stinne Glasdam, Hongxuan Xu, Sigrid Stjernswärd
Nursing Inquiry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Agendas on Nursing in South Korea Media: Natural Language Processing and Network Analysis of News From 2005 to 2022
Daemin Park, Dasom Kim, Ah-hyun Park
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Sung-Ho Kil, Hye-Mi Park, Eunseok Lee, Jin-Young Kim, Ji-Woo Kim
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HyunJung Ko, Seok Hee Jeong, Eun Jee Lee, Hee Sun Kim
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An analysis of Research Published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing from 2013 to 2022 using Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
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Interorganizational Networks for Smoking Prevention and Cessation: A Blockmodeling Approach: Eun-Jun Park, Hyeongsu Kim, Kun Sei Lee, Junghee Cho, Jin Hyeong Kim, Ho Jin Jeong, Ji An Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):202-213. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21192

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study examined characteristics and patterns of interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation in Korea.
Methods
We surveyed two community health centers, ninety-five hospitals or clinics, ninety- two pharmacies, and sixty-five health welfare organizations in two districts of Seoul in 2020. Data on the organizations’ characteristics of smoking cessation and interorganizational activities for information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration were collected and analyzed using network statistics and blockmodeling.
Results
Network size was in the order of information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration networks. Network patterns for interorganizational activities on information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration among four organizations were similar between the two districts. Community health centers provided information and received clients from a majority of the organizations. Their interactions were not unidirectional but mutual with other organizations. Pharmacies were involved in information sharing with health welfare organizations and client referrals to hospitals or clinics. Health welfare organizations were primarily connected with the community health centers for client referrals and program collaboration.
Conclusion
A community health center is the lead agency in interorganizational activities for smoking prevention and cessation. However, hospitals or clinics, pharmacies, and health welfare organizations also participate in interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation with diverse roles. This study would be evidence for developing future interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation.

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Topic Modeling and Keyword Network Analysis of News Articles Related to Nurses before and after “the Thanks to You Challenge” during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Eun Kyoung Yun, Jung Ok Kim, Hye Min Byun, Guk Geun Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(4):442-453. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20287

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was conducted to assess public awareness and policy challenges faced by practicing nurses.
Methods
After collecting nurse-related news articles published before and after ‘the Thanks to You Challenge’ campaign (between December 31, 2019, and July 15, 2020), keywords were extracted via preprocessing. A three-step method keyword analysis, latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling, and keyword network analysis was used to examine the text and the structure of the selected news articles.
Results
Top 30 keywords with similar occurrences were collected before and after the campaign. The five dominant topics before the campaign were: pandemic, infection of medical staff, local transmission, medical resources, and return of overseas Koreans. After the campaign, the topics ‘infection of medical staff’ and ‘return of overseas Koreans’ disappeared, but ‘the Thanks to You Challenge’ emerged as a dominant topic. A keyword network analysis revealed that the word of nurse was linked with keywords like thanks and campaign, through the word of sacrifice. These words formed interrelated domains of ‘the Thanks to You Challenge’ topic.
Conclusion
The findings of this study can provide useful information for understanding various issues and social perspectives on COVID-19 nursing. The major themes of news reports lagged behind the real problems faced by nurses in COVID-19 crisis. While the press tends to focus on heroism and whole society, issues and policies mutually beneficial to public and nursing need to be further explored and enhanced by nurses.

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SangA Lee, Tae Wha Lee, Seung Eun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(6): 584. CrossRef
Nurses’ Experience in COVID-19 Patient Care
Soojin Chung, Mihyeon Seong, Ju-young Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(2): 142. CrossRef
A topic modeling analysis for Korean online newspapers: Focusing on the social perceptions of nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic period
Soo Jung Chang, Sunah Park, Yedong Son
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(4): 444. CrossRef
Images of Nurses Appeared in Media Reports Before and After Outbreak of COVID-19: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
Min Young Park, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Eun Jee Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(3): 291. CrossRef
Experience of Nurses in Charge of COVID-19 Screening at General Hospitals in Korea
Boo Young Ha, Yun-Sook Bae, Han Sol Ryu, Mi-Kyeong Jeon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(1): 66. CrossRef
An Exploratory Study on Current Nursing Issues in the COVID-19 era through Newspaper Articles: The Application of Text Network Analysis
Young Joo Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(3): 307. CrossRef
Analysis of Headline News about Nurses Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Su-Mi Baek, Myonghwa Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(4): 319. CrossRef
Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries
Maria-Therese Friehs, Patrick F. Kotzur, Christine Kraus, Moritz Schemmerling, Jessica A. Herzig, Adrian Stanciu, Sebastian Dilly, Lisa Hellert, Doreen Hübner, Anja Rückwardt, Veruschka Ulizcay, Oliver Christ, Marco Brambilla, Jonas De keersmaecker, Feder
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Information Resource Network Analysis of Factors Influencing Breastfeeding Planning and Duration: Eunyoung Lee, Insook Cho, Seong Jin Cho, Eunju Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(2):232-244. Published online April 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20280

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the modifiable factors affecting breastfeeding planning and duration among healthy mothers and their use of breastfeeding information resources.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a community setting. Four hundreds participants were recruited at five pediatric clinics and three community health centers located in Paju-si and Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, between January and May 2019. Based on the breastfeeding decision-making model, driven by Martens and Young’s work, the survey items consisted of demographics, childbirth and breastfeeding characteristics, and breastfeeding information resources. In the analysis, 389 responses were used in the t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Information resource networks were compared before and after childbirth including a subgroup analysis depending on the breastfeeding duration.
Results
The modifiable factors affecting breastfeeding planning and duration were antenatal and postpartum breastfeeding education and the provision of information in the hospital. The frequency of Internet use and websites visited were notable and potentially modifiable factors, which were also observed in the networks showing different relationship patterns according to participant subgroups and times. The childbirth event increased the centralization of the network in the planned group, while the network of the non-planned group was more diffused after childbirth. The network of the short-term breastfeeding group was characterized by a more centralized pattern and the resources of high betweenness centrality than the long-term group.
Conclusion
Breastfeeding education is a consistent factor that affects breastfeeding behavior. A well-designed internet-based approach would be an effective nursing intervention to meet the needs of women seeking breastfeeding information and changing their behaviors.

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Tae Hyeong Kim, Sung-Hoon Chung, Jun Hwan Kim, Youngmin Ahn, Son Moon Shin, Woo Ryoung Lee, Eui Kyung Choi, Juyoung Lee, Hye-Jung Shin, Euiseok Jung, Ju Sun Heo, Jin A Lee, Soon Min Lee, Seong Phil Bae, Jeonglyn Song, Chae-Young Kim, Dae Yong Yi
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea
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Original Article

Secondary Data Analysis on the Quality of Sleep and Related Factors of Novice and Experienced Shift Work Nurses: Minjeong Yu, Choi-Kwon Smi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(5):646-657. Published online October 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19238

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the quality of sleep in novice and experienced shift work nurses and compare the factors associated with their quality of sleep.
Methods
We analyzed the data of 192 and 256 novice and experienced nurses, respectively. The quality of sleep, sleep hygiene, job stress, and fatigue were measured using Insomnia Severity Index, Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale, the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, and Fatigue Severity Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 to calculate descriptive statistics and logistic regression.
Results
Sleep quality was lower in experienced nurses (12.55 ± 5.71) than in novice nurses (11.18 ± 5.78). Fatigue was more severe in experienced nurses (4.47 ± 1.13) than in novice nurses (4.23 ± 1.12). In the logistic regression, factors related to sleep quality in novice nurses were sleep hygiene (odds ratio; OR = 1.06, p < .001) and fatigue (OR = 2.49, p < .001). Factors related to sleep quality in the experienced nurses were also sleep hygiene (OR = 1.04, p = .001) and fatigue (OR = 1.53, p = .012).
Conclusion
Sleep quality of experienced nurses is lower than those of novice nurses. Factors associated with sleep quality in novice and experienced nurses are equally identified as sleep hygiene and fatigue. Therefore, personal efforts to improve sleep hygiene, such as providing comfortable sleep environment, are needed. Furthermore, organized efforts to decrease fatigue, such as constructing a working environment with a bright light at night and providing a fatigue-decreasing program that includes meditation, are required.

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Alexandra E. Shriane, Grace E. Vincent, Sally A. Ferguson, Amanda Rebar, Tracy Kolbe-Alexander, Gabrielle Rigney
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Minjeong Yu, Smi Choi-Kwon, Jison Ki, Kyeongsug Kim
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Dietary behavior and its influencing factors among experienced shiftwork nurses: a secondary analysis
Soyeon Kim, Jison Ki, Ji Yun Choi, Woan Heui Choi, Smi Choi-Kwon
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Sun-Kyung Hwang, Yun-Ji Lee, Min-Eun Cho, Bo-Kyoung Kim, Yea-In Yoon
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Jiwon Kang, Youngjin Lee
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Research Paper

Secondary Data Analysis on the Factors Influencing Premenstrual Symptoms of Shift Work Nurses: Focused on the Sleep and Occupational Stress: Jihyun Baek, Smi Choi-Kwon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(4):631-640. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19230

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to examine premenstrual symptoms (PMS) of shift nurses and identify the association between PMS, sleep, and occupational stress.
Methods
This study was conducted with a secondary data analysis that used data from the Shift Work Nurse’s Health and Turnover study. The participants were 258 nurses who were working in shifts including night shifts. PMS, sleep patterns (sleep time and sleep time variability), sleep quality, and the occupational stress of each participant were measured using the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, a sleep diary, an actigraph, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and STATA 15.1 to obtain descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) and Baron and Kenny’s mediating analysis.
Results
The average PMS score, average sleep time, average sleep time variability, average sleep quality score, and average occupational stress score of the participants was 53.95 ± 40.45, 7.52 ± 0.89 hours, 32.84 ± 8.43%, 12.34 ± 5.95, and 49.89 ± 8.98, respectively. A multiple linear regression analysis with GEE indicated that sleep time variability (B = 0.86, p = .001), and sleep quality (B = 2.36, p < .001) had negative effects on nurses’ PMS. We also found that sleep quality had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between occupational stress and PMS.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that both sleep time variability and sleep quality are important factors associated with PMS among shift work nurses. To improve shift nurses’ PMS status, strategies are urgently needed to decrease sleep time variability and increase sleep quality.

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Iksoo Huh, Smi Choi-Kwon, Jison Ki, Soyeon Kim, Jihyun Baek
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Oksoo Kim, Sue Kim, Hae Ok Jeon, Ahrin Kim, Chiyoung Cha, Bohye Kim
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Original Articles

Factors Relating to the Quality of Care for Nursing Home Residents in Korea: Using the Delphi Method: Juh Hyun Shin, Eun Mee Kim, Ji Yeon Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):783-794. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.783

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study identified factors related to the quality of care in nursing homes, and elicited consensus opinions from experts on nursing homes.

Methods

A Delphi questionnaire was developed based on a review of the literature using the keywords “nursing homes,” “workforce,” and “quality of care.” A total of two Delphi surveys were conducted with 14 experts. The important and urgent factors related to the quality of care for nursing home residents emerged.

Results

A consensus was achieved on the important and urgent factors relating to the quality of care. The related factors were grouped into four sections: Organizational Characteristics, Staffing Characteristics, the Long-Term Care Market and Legal and Policy Issues, and Nursing Processes. In total, 23 items were important factors and 26 items were urgent factors relating to the quality of care. In addition, the unanimous advocacy by the experts for increased hours per resident day for registered nurses (RNs, 41 minutes 59 seconds) was much higher than the current hours per resident day of RNs in Korea.

Conclusion

To provide optimal care for residents in nursing homes in Korea, the mandatory and essential placement of RNs with professional knowledge and skills is paramount.

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International Journal of Nursing Studies.2023; 147: 104587. CrossRef
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A Topic Modeling Analysis for Online News Article Comments on Nurses' Workplace Bullying: Jiyeon Kang, Soogyeong Kim, Seungkook Roh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):736-747. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.736

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study aimed to explore public opinion on workplace bullying in the nursing field, by analyzing the keywords and topics of online news comments.

Methods

This was a text-mining study that collected, processed, and analyzed text data. A total of 89,951 comments on 650 online news articles, reported between January 1, 2013 and July 31, 2018, were collected via web crawling. The collected unstructured text data were preprocessed and keyword analysis and topic modeling were performed using R programming.

Results

The 10 most important keywords were “work” (37121.7), “hospital” (25286.0), “patients” (24600.8), “woman” (24015.6), “physician” (20840.6), “trouble” (18539.4), “time” (17896.3), “money” (16379.9), “new nurses” (14056.8), and “salary” (13084.1). The 22,572 preprocessed key words were categorized into four topics: “poor working environment”, “culture among women”, “unfair oppression”, and “society-level solutions”.

Conclusion

Public interest in workplace bullying among nurses has continued to increase. The public agreed that negative work environment and nursing shortage could cause workplace bullying. They also considered nurse bullying as a problem that should be resolved at a societal level. It is necessary to conduct further research through gender discrimination perspectives on nurse workplace bullying and the social value of nursing work.

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Response Patterns of Nursing Unit Managers regarding Workplace Bullying: A Q Methodology Approach: Jin Kyu Choi, Byoungsook Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):562-574. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.562

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the response patterns of nursing unit managers regarding workplace bullying.

Methods

Q methodology was used to identify the response patterns. Thirty-six Q samples were selected from the Q population of 210 that included literature reviews and in-depth interviews with clinical nurses and nursing managers. Participants were 30 nursing unit managers who had experience managing workplace bullying and they classified the Q samples into a normal distribution frame measured on a nine-point scale. The data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program.

Results

Five types of response patterns were identified: (1) sympathetic-understanding acceleration, (2) harmonious-team approach, (3) preventive-organizational management, (4) passive observation, and (5) leading-active intervention. The preventive-organizational management type was most frequently used by the nursing unit managers.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicated that nursing unit managers attempted to prevent and solve workplace bullying in various ways. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and conduct leadership training and intervention programs that appropriately address the response patterns of nursing unit managers, such as those identified in this study.

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Structural Equation Model for Sleep Quality of Female Shift Work Nurses: Ji Yeong Jeong, Mee Ock Gu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):622-635. Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.622

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study aimed to develop and test a structural model for sleep quality in female shift work nurses. The hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of Spielman's 3P model of insomnia and previous research related to the sleep quality of shift nurses.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used structural equation modeling and recruited 285 female shift work nurses from four general and university hospitals with over 300 beds located in C and J cities in Gyeongsangnamdo. Data were collected from September 27 to October 20, 2016, and then analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and structural equation modeling. The study used SPSS/Win 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 in processing the data.

Results

The final model showed good fit to the empirical data: χ²/df=2.19, SRMR=.07, RMSEA=.07, AGFI=.85, TLI=.91, GFI=.93, GFI=.89, NFI=.87. The factors that influenced sleep quality were sleep hygiene (β=.32), perceived shift work status (β=−.16), stress response (β=.16), shift work experience (β=.15), perceived health status (β=−.14), and circadian rhythm (β=−.13) explaining 36.0% of the variance.

Conclusion

The model of sleep quality of the shift work nurses constructed in this study is recommended as a model to understand and predict the sleep quality of shift work nurses. The results suggest that strategies for improving the sleep quality of shift work nurses should focus on sleep hygiene, perceived health status, stress response, circadian rhythm, perceived shift work status, and shift work experience.

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Predictors of dropout in university students participating in an 8-week e-mail-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia intervention
Hyojin Nam, Jinyoung Chang, Mickey Trockel, Isa Okajima, Chien-Ming Yang, Ngan Yin Chan, Shirley Li, Sooyeon Suh
Sleep and Breathing.2023; 27(1): 345. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Symptoms among Rotating Shift Nurses in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sun-Kyung Hwang, Yun-Ji Lee, Min-Eun Cho, Bo-Kyoung Kim, Yea-In Yoon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(16): 9795. CrossRef
Psychosocial factors affecting sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters: a cross-sectional study
MyeongSeob Lim, Solam Lee, Kwanghyun Seo, Hyun-Jeong Oh, Ji-Su Shin, Sung-Kyung Kim, Hee-Tae Kang, Kyeong-Sook Jeong, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh, Yeon-Soon Ahn
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Secondary Data Analysis on the Quality of Sleep and Related Factors of Novice and Experienced Shift Work Nurses
Minjeong Yu, Smi Choi-Kwon
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Sleep quality among shift-work nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Work-related Characteristics and Sleep Quality of Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Care Units of Small-medium Sized Hospitals
Sujin Shin, Inyoung Lee, Jeonghyun Kim, Sung-Heui Bae
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Effect of Breathing Exercise Using Panflutes on the Postoperative Compliance, Pulmonary Infections and Life Satisfaction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery: Hyun Mi Jo, Hyunsook Shin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(3):279-288. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.3.279

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of breathing exercises performed using panflutes in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery.

Methods

The study design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized pre-post test. The study included 24 patients in both the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group completed a daily breathing exercise regimen using panflutes for 30minutes after meals, whereas the control group was provided standard preoperative education, including breathing exercises using incentive spirometers. After the exercise regimen, breathing exercise compliance, pulmonary infections, and life satisfaction were measured in both groups, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program.

Results

The compliance rate of breathing exercises was significantly higher in the experimental group. The experimental group presented no pulmonary infections in the later period, whereas the control group presented higher pulmonary infection rates in the same period. In addition, the life satisfaction score in the experimental group significantly increased.

Conclusion

The breathing exercise program using panflutes for elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery enhanced their breathing exercise compliance and their daily life satisfaction in addition to reducing their pulmonary infection rates.

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Pranayama and Breathing Exercises - Types and Its Role in Disease Prevention & Rehabilitation
Naresh Kumar Satyanarayan Dhaniwala, Venkatesh Dasari, Mukunda Naresh Dhaniwala
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences.2020; 9(44): 3325. CrossRef

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Effect of the Education on AIDS for Korean Healthe Care Workers: Soon Bok Chang, C W Lee; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(1):201-211. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.1.201

Abstract PDF: This study was an evaluation study of AIDS education program. The purpose of this study was to clarify the education effects on AIDS for health care workers to develop abetter next education program. This study was done by self reporting with a 67 items of structured questionnaire by 431 health care workers included doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, and health educators. Data were collected at the time of completion of each AIDS education with the help of education program manager. Both the AIDS related knowledge score and the acceptance attitudes score were significantly higher in the male group, in the medical institution employer group, in the group who have met the HIV infected person, who has known the HIV positive person, and the group of laboratory technician, but the AIDS prevention intention score was statistically higher in the group of female and laboratory technician group. The post education scores of AIDS related knowledge, acceptance attitudes, and preventive intention were statistically higher than those of the preeducation. The most increased item among AIDS prevention intention list was 'I will provide the meeting between the HIV infected persons and the public(+21.9%)'. But even the decreased item among AIDS prevention intention list was 'I will advice to female not to have extra marital sexual contact to avoid AIDS(-3.1%)'. It could be concluded that the health care workers were ignorant of vertical transmission of AIDS, they were afraid of disclosing the infection status, and have less AIDS prevention intention. Therefore is needed to take an assessment process before each new education strategy to increase AIDS related the effect of the education on AIDS.

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Factors Discriminating Nurses' Depression among Personal and Environmental Characteristics: Hae Jung Lee, Yong Sook Eo, Nam Hee Park, Gil Za Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(6):867-877. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.6.867

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of depression experienced by Korean hospital nurses (N=198) and to identify discriminating factors of their depression experience among personal and environmental characteristics. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey design was used to answer the research questions. A sample consisted of 198 hospital nurses in Korea. The data were collected from May 1999 to March 2000. Descriptive and discriminant analyses were utilized. RESULT: Korean nurses experienced low levels of depression. Twenty nine percent of nurses in the study experienced depression based on the cut-point suggested by Radloff. Role ambiguity, working in the tertiary hospital, work satisfaction in autonomy, professional status and interaction within nurses were significant discriminating factors for nurses' depression. These factors correctly discriminated 71% of the sample (Hit ratio= .71). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, developing managemental intervention programs and examining the effects of the program for nurses to reduce their depression experience are suggested.

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Effects of a mobile simulation program for nursing delegation: A randomised controlled trial
Haena Lim, Yeojin Yi
Nurse Education in Practice.2025; 83: 104283. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Depression among Workers by Socio-economic Factors, Health Behaviors, and Characteristics of Work Environment
Hyunkyung Lee, Minsung Sohn, Mankyu Choi
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2013; 30(5): 125. CrossRef
A Study on the Uncertainty and Depression in Mothers of Hospitalized Children
Kyung Hee Yoo
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2013; 19(2): 265. CrossRef
The Relationships between Emotional Labour and Depressive Symptoms Among Nurses in University Hospitals
Kyung-Ok Kim, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(8): 3794. CrossRef

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Workload Measurement of Home Health Care Nurses' Services using Relative Value Units: Tae Wha Lee, Jung Sook Park, In Sook Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(6):1543-1555. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.6.1543

Abstract PDF

Home health care is moving into a set of new realities. An era of competition and cost containment has arrived. Before nurses are able to contain costs or describe the relationship between nursing activities, cost must be accurately measured based on the nurse's workload. Nurses in home health care usually desire to measure expenses for one of three reasons : reimbursement, management, or research. The purpose of the study was to investigate the work input by Registered Nurse in each of the home health care activities by relative value units and identify the factors affecting the nurses' total work input in health care services. To measure the work input by nurses, work was defined by four dimensions: time, physical effort, mental effort, and stress. This study used a descriptive-correlational design. Data collection consisted of two phases. In phase I, data on home health activities performed by nurses were collected. In phase II, data on nurses' time, physical effort, mental effort, and stress in each of home health care activities discovered phase I were collected. In this method, the respondent was asked to rate a service in relation to a reference service using a ratio scale. The sample included 39 home health care nurses. The results of the study indicated that home health care activities performed by the nurses were in 10 categories and 69 items. Measuring the relative work inputs in each of home health care activities, and foley catheterization was selected as the reference to service. In terms of time and physical effort dimensions, full bath service was rated as the most strenuous among 69 activities by the respondents, and intramuscular injection was rated as least. It was found that emergency treatment required the highest mental effort and the highest stress, while blood sugar tests required the lowest mental effort. Approximately 91.3% of the variance in total work input was accounted for by the linear combination of time, physical effort, mental effort judgement, and stress. Examining the regression coefficients of those variables, physical effort, time, and stress were found as the predictors which were significantly associated with the total work of nurses in home health care. Professional nursing's next step in the conundrum of economic volatility is to develop a tool to reflect the interaction of functional deficiency and direct professional nursing care. And this will be a more accurate predictor of nursing resource use and ultimately a great forcaeter cost.

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Effects of the Introduction of NIMS on Pharmacy Workflow and Proposal of Reimbursement Adjustment
Im Soon Choi, Tae Hyub Kwon, Kyung Hee Jin, Eun Ju Kim, Eu Jin Chung, Iyn-Hyang Lee
Journal of Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists.2023; 40(3): 306. CrossRef
Korean and United States: Comparison of Costs of Nursing Interventions
Sung-Jung Hong, Eun-Joo Lee
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(4): 358. CrossRef
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Mi Sun Kim, Ji Young Lim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2010; 16(4): 399. CrossRef
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Seong-Ok Han, Eun-Cheol Park, Dae-Ryong Kang, Im-Ok Kang
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2008; 41(5): 331. CrossRef

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Concept Analysis about Workers Health: Chung Min Cho, Boon Han Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(2):272-281. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.2.272

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study is to clarify the phenomenon worker's health as a basis for the future study. Concepts help us to identify how experiences are similar or equivqlent by categorizing all the things that are similar. The concept of health in workers was investigated using the Chinn and Krammer's method. The process of analysis involves choosing the concept, clarifying the purpose, using evidence of data, exploration of context, and value and category formalization. Dimensions of health in workers were identified as follows: (1) clinical dimension (2) role execution (3) coping with dimensia (4) mental well being (5) possibility (6) concrete activity (7) symbolization (8) hardiness Characteristics of anality of health in workers are activity, dimension of symbolization and of hardiness. Through this study it is identified that health in workers is with the beyond physical well-being, focused functional ability, and harmony environment.

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Spirituality and Stress Responses in Small Industry Employees
Sook Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(2): 220. CrossRef

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Confirmatory Analysis of Perception and Preference Scales for Work Characteristics among Korean Nurses: Yeon Ok Suh, Rha Yun Song, Daily Barbara; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(2):215-224. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.2.215

Abstract PDF: The study was conducted to confirm the construct of individual perception and preference for work characteristics as personal factors influencing Korean nurses' job satisfaction. The subjects of the study were 231 nurses who are currently working in intensive care units and have been for a minimum of 6 months. The study used the Staff Perception and Preference Scale(Song et al., 1997) to measure the individual's perception and preference on the technical, practice, and management components of the ideal work environment. The Korean version of the Staff Perception and Preference Scale consists of 16 items on perception and 13 on preference with each item related on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 4 (a great deal). Psychometric testing revealed that the preference and perception scale is internally consistent with Chronbach's alphas of .83 for perception scale and .80 for preference scale. The subscales of the perception and preference scale also showed acceptable reliability for the early stage of the development of the instruments with Chronbach alphas of .62-.76 and .69-.83 respectively. Criterion0related validity of the scale was tested by examining correlations with individual growth need that is conceptually close to individual preference, but not to individual perception. Individual growth need was significantly related to individual preference(r=.63, p<.05), but the correlation with the perception scale was not significant. A separate factor analysis for the each of perception and preference scales was performed with a three-factor loading solution based on a previous study. The results on the staff perception scale confirmed with varimax rotation that the items were cleanly and strongly loaded on technique, practice and management components, which together explained 50.7% of the variance. The factor analysis on the staff preference scale also yielded a three factor solution that explained 56.7% of the variance, but items on technique and management components were loaded together. This phenomena may due to the current nursing delivery system in Korea where nurses never experience either shared governance nor case management, and as a results they may not be able to consider management roles as their potential extended roles. Therefore, more efforts should be given to enhance nurses' autonomy and decision making in the technique, practice and management components of their work environment. Meanwhile, there is a need for continuously confirming and developing tools for individual perception and preferences to effectively enhance job satisfaction among Korea nurses through innovative work environments.

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Effect of Rapid Rotating Shift Work on the Urinary Na+, K+, and Cl-: Soon Min, Dae Soo Moon, Wook Bin Im; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(4):869-880. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.4.869

Abstract PDF

In order to investigate of the effects of rapid rotating shift work on physiological stress, the activities of urinary Na+, K+, Cl- were measured in 14 rotational shift nurses, during day shifts(8AM-4PM, n=4), evening shifts(4PM-12MN, n=5), and night shifts(12MN-8AM, n=5) in hospital twenty students attending nursing college a used as control group. Urine specimens were collected in 30 minutes before and after work on the second day of shift work. In day shift nurses, Na+ activity was 137mM at 8AM and increased to 206mM at 4PM, whereas K+ activity was 42mM at 8AM and no significant change at 4PM. Cl- activity was changed from 234mM to 344mM at 4PM at 8AM. In the evening shift, Na+ activity was 117mM at 4PM and 140mM at 12MN, K+ activity was 22mM and 32mM, respectively. Cl- activity was 169mM and changed to 270mM. During the night shift, Na+ activity was 128mM at 12MN and changed to 161mM at 8AM, K+ activity was 42mM at 12MN and 8AM, and Cl- activity was from 303mM and changed to 355mM. In general, the urinary ion activities seemed to increase after work, however there were no significant changes in ion activities except the Na+ increase in day shift. The mean of the activities of K+ and Cl- before and after work during the day and night shift were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05). K+ activities were also higher than that of evening shift(P<0.05). However, there was no difference in Na+ activity among the control group and three shifts. There was a significant relationship among urinary Na+, Cl- and K+ in the control group and rotating shift nurses except between Na+ and K+ in shift. The relationship between Na+ and Cl- was low in shift work and there was no significant relationship between Na+ and K+ in shift, suggesting that the active regulation K+ and/or Na+ in response to stress upon the shift work disrupted the ratio of urinary Na+ to K+ and also lowered the relationship between K+ and Cl-. These results suggest that nurses working the day shift were overloaded and under stress, and the night shift interfered with the physiological rhythm of the nurses.

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Sleep Patterns and Circadian Types of Nursing Students during Shift Schedules
Hyun Sook Kim, Mi-Ran Eom, Eun-Kyung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(1): 43. CrossRef

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Job Satisfaction among ICU nurses according to the Preference and Perception of Work Characteristics: Rha Yun Song, Yeon Ok Suh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):431-440. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.431

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to determine the factors that influence job satisfaction for ICU nurses and to analyze group differences in job satisfaction based on the nurses' preference and perception of the work environment with an enhanced professional role. A total of 231 nurses who had been working in Intensive Care Units at least for 6 months at selected university hospitals participated in the study while head nurses or those with administrative positions were excluded. The study participants had an average of 33 months of clinical experience with an age range of 23 to 40 years. The data were analyzed by utilizing SPSSWIN and the results are as follows. 1) Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that work characteristics defined by Job characteristics theory and nurses' preference/ perception of ideal work environment together explained 33% of variance in job satisfaction. Skill variety, task identity and autonomy as well as individual perception of work environment were significant variables for explaining job satisfaction. Job satisfaction was not significantly related to age, marital status, education, and clinical experience. 2) The groups classified by nurses' preference and perception of work environment were significantly different in their job satisfaction. Nurses with high preference and high perception showed significantly higher general and specific job satisfaction than other nurses. The nurses who showed high preference but perceived their work environment as not reflecting ideal job characteristics reported the lowest job satisfaction among the groups. In conclusion, the role of individual preference and perception of the work environment in explaining the relationship between the redesign of work environment and job satisfaction was supported by the study. The preferences of nurses to the innovative work characteristics should be considered in the process of enhancing job characteristics to lead job satisfaction and low turn over and ultimately to improve quality of care.

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KoreanWorkEnvironmentScales forClinicalNurses
Jong‐Kyung Kim, Se‐Young Kim, Mi Yu, Myung Ja Kim, Kyoung‐A Lee
Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2015; 12(1): 54. CrossRef
Predictors of life satisfaction of Korean nurses
Haejung Lee, Sunkyung Hwang, Jeongsoon Kim, Barbara Daly
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2004; 48(6): 632. CrossRef

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Work Analysis for the Role of the Emergency Department Nurses: Eun Jung Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(1):93-103. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.1.93

Abstract PDF

Nursing works in emergency department were analyzed and the importance of nursing works that the emergency department nurses perceived at university hospitals in Seoul. 12 nursing domains including 76 nursing activities were identified. The most frequently performed nursing domain was records and the most frequently performed activity in the emergency department was checking the vital sign of patients. The most important nursing activity that emergency department nurses perceived was physical crisis intervention.

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Kyung Hyeok Song, Sung Uk Cho, Jin Woong Lee, Yong Chul Cho, Won Joon Jeong, Yeon Ho You, Seung Ryu, Seung Whan Kim, In Sool Yoo, Ki Hyuk Joo
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Kyoung-Hee Yu, Keum-Seong Jang
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Young Hee Sung, Moon Sook Hwang, Jee Hyang Lee, Hyung Doo Park, Kwang Hyun Ryu, Myung Sook Cho, Young Hee Yi, S Song
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(3): 443. CrossRef
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Young Hae Kim, Nae-Young Lee, Jae Hyun Ha
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Educational Issues and Strategies to Improve APN Education: Kasil Oh, Kang Mi Ja Kim, Keum Soon Kim, Jee Won Park, Myung Sook Sung, Eui Geum Oh, Myung Ha Lee, Chae Weon Chung, Dong Sook Cho, Young Ran Tak, Jee In Yoo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(5):801-809. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.5.801

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was aimed at exploring the current status of graduate programs for an advanced practice nurse(APN) to recommend future directions of APN education.

Methods

A total of 142 students enrolled in seven APN specialty programs, 67 professors who were involved in APN education, and nine nurse administrators participated in the study. Data was collected by questionnaires and focus group interviews.

Results

The current definition of APN was found not to be specific enough to represent expected roles of APN in regards to knowledge, attitudes, roles, and skills. Standard curricula employed regardless of the area of APN specialty, lack of qualified clinical practice settings, as well as prepared instructors were found to be problematic.

Conclusion

The following needs to be addressed: 1. redefining of APN roles, 2. tailoring specialty areas of APN, 3. consolidating educational programs, and 4. ensuring APN role models and faculty. Suggesting a CNS role in Korean APN, areas of APN should be rearranged toclarify their roles and educational programs need to be further developed to meet the expectations and quality of APNs. It is necessary to ensure APN's employment in the health care system by laws and policies to perform advanced nursing roles.

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Jongsun Park, Hyejin Kim
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Im-Jin Jung, Yun-Mi Kim
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Hyun Kyung Kim, Young Eun, Kyung Ja June, Ae Young So, Hee Gerl Kim, Mi Ran Eom, Yeon Yi Song, Eun Suk Choi, Ji Yeon Park, Hyoung Suk Kim
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A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Job Stress Management Interventions(SMIs): Jeong Hee Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(4):529-539. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.4.529

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This quantitative meta analysis sought to determine the effectiveness of SMIs.

Method

Forty-six experimental studies with a randomized or nonequivalent control group pre-post test design were included in the analysis. The selected studies were classified according to the sample characteristics, the types and methods of the interventions, and the types of outcome variables. Six intervention types were distinguished: cognitive-behavioral intervention(CBT), relaxation techniques(RT), exercise(EX), multimodal programs 1 and 2(MT1, 2), and organizationfocused interventions(OTs). Effect sizes were calculated for the 4 outcome categories across intervention types: psycho-social outcome, behavioral-personal resources, physiologic, and organizational outcome.

Results

Individual worker-focused interventions(ITs) were more effective than OTs. A small but significant overall effect was found. A moderate effect was found for RT, and small effects were found for other ITs. The effect size for OTs was the smallest. The interventions involving CBT and RT appeared to be the preferred means of reducing worker's psycho-social and organizational outcomes. With regard to physiologic outcomes, RT appeared to be most effective. CBT appeared to be most effective in reducing psycho-social outcomes. The effects of OT were non-significant, except for the psycho-social outcomes.

Conclusions

SMIs are effective. Interventions involving RT and CBT are more effective than other types.

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Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Profile Clusters Among Industrial Workers: Seon Young Hwang, Ji Hyun Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(8):1500-1507. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.8.1500

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of the physical and behavioral risk profiles for cardiovascular disease among industrial workers, and to examine predicting factors for the subgroups.

Sample and Methods

Health records of 2,616 male and female workers aged 19-56 years who were employed in an airplane manufacturing industry were analyzed. Data were analyzed using the Latent class cluster analysis.

Results

Four different clusters (two high-risk groups, one low-risk group, and one normal group) were found and these clusters were significantly different by age, gender, and work type (p<.05). The two high-risk groups had higher chances of drinking alcohol, elevated BMI, FBS, total cholesterol, having hypertension, and were significantly older, and had relatively high chances of being day workers rather than other groups. The low-risk group had higher chances of drinking alcohol, higher BMI and total cholesterols compared to normal group, and highest portions of current smokers and shift workers in the four clusters and their mean BP was within prehypertension criteria.

Conclusion

Industrial nurses should guide the lifestyle behaviors and risk factors of the high risk groups for CVD and need to intervene early for behavioral change for the low-risk group who are young and shift workers. Age, and work environment should be considered in planning for targeted preventive interventions for industrial workers.

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Factors Associated with Blue-collar Workers' Risk Perception of Cardiovascular Disease
Won Ju Hwang, OiSaeng Hong, Mi Ja Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(7): 1095. CrossRef

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Estimating the Cost of Visiting Nursing Service by Visiting Nursing Model for Urban Public Health Center in Korea: Ho Sihn Ryu; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(6):983-993. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.6.983

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study focused on analysing costs per visiting nursing care based on nursing activities in a public health center.

Method

The Easley-Storfjell Instrument(1997) was used for a prospective descriptive analysis of self-records for workload data from 10 visiting nurses during 4 weeks on all nursing activities. In addition, analysis of the 478 visiting nursing records and cost data from 5 home visiting departments in public health centers during one year of 2003 was done.

Result

The workload of visiting nurses by the type of model was identified as follows: Type I showed that caseloads made up 32.9 % of all nurse activities, and type II showed that the caseloads made up 45.8 %. Second, The cost per visit in type I was 33,088 won and 31,323 won in type II. Third, the estimated budgets were 1,902,436 won to 12,057,696 won for the type I model. and 4,151,316 won to 17,432,712 won for the type II model for one year.

Conclusion

This study's results will contribute to baseline data used to establish on infrastructure for visiting nursing program and visiting nursing agencies based on the budget of visiting nursing services.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Estimating need for Home Visiting Nurse from Public Health Centers
Hyun-Ji Bae, Jinhyun Kim
Perspectives in Nursing Science.2015; 12(1): 23. CrossRef
Estimation of Nursing Costs Based on Nurse Visit Time for Long-Term Care Services
Eun-Kyung Kim, Yun Mi Kim, Myung Ae Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(3): 349. CrossRef

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A Study on Influencing Factors in Health Promoting Behaviors of Women Workers at Small-scale Industries: Soo Min Bae, Ihn Sook Jeong, Jeong Soon Kim, Seong Sook Jeon; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(6):964-973. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.6.964

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was aimed to identify the major factors affecting performance in health promoting behaviors in women workers at small-scale industries.

Method

This study was based on the Pender's Health Promotion Model. The subjects for this study were 251 women workers at 23 small-scale industries in Busan city. The data for this study was collected from July 15th to August 15th 2003 by structured questionaries, and were analyzed with ANOVA, t-test, Pearson' correlation coefficient, and multiple Regression in the SPSS/WIN 10.0.

Result

The mean performance of the health promoting behavior was 2.56. The factors related to the performance of the health promoting behaviors were social support, marital status, status of owning a house, perceived barriers to action, working time, and self-efficacy, and they explained 58.4% of the variance of the health promoting behaviors.

Conclusion

The mean performance of the health promoting behavior seemed to be low, and the most important variable related to health promoting behaviorsof women working at a small-scale industry was social support. Therefore, intervention programs to increase the social support for women worker need to be developed.

Citations

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Factors influencing health-promoting behaviors in Korean breast cancer survivors
Myungsun Yi, Jeongeun Kim
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2013; 17(2): 138. CrossRef
Effect Factors on Health Promotion Lifestyle of Shift Work Nurses
Young-Im Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(3): 356. CrossRef
Spirituality and Stress Responses in Small Industry Employees
Sook Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(2): 220. CrossRef

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3 Crossref

Developing a Home Care Nursing Information System by utilizing Wire-Wireless Network and Mobile Computing System: Jung Ho Park, Sung Ae Park, Soon Nyoung Yoon, Sung Rye Kang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):290-296. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.290

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a home care nursing network system for operating home care effectively and efficiently by utilizing a wire-wireless network and mobile computing in order to record and send patients' data in real time, and by combining the headquarter office and the local offices with home care nurses over the Internet. It complements the preceding research from1999 by adding home care nursing standard guidelines and upgrading the PDA program.

Method

Method/1 and Prototyping were adopted to develop the main network system.

Result

The detailed research process is as follows : 1)home care nursing standard guidelines for Diabetes, cancer and peritoneal-dialysis were added in 12 domains of nursing problem fields with nursing assessment/intervention algorithms. 2) complementing the PDA program was done by omitting and integrating the home care nursing algorhythm path which is unnecessary and duplicated. Also, upgrading the PDA system was done by utilizing the machinery and tools where the PDA and the data transmission modem are integrated, CDMX-1X base construction, in order to reduce a transmission error or transmission failure.

Citations

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Development and Application of a Web-based Expert System using Artificial Intelligence for Management of Mental Health by Korean Emigrants
Jeongyee Bae
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(2): 203. CrossRef
Developing an Electronic Nursing Record System for Clinical Care and Nursing Effectiveness Research in a Korean Home Healthcare Setting
EUN JOO LEE, MIKYOUNG LEE, SUE MOORHEAD
CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2009; 27(4): 234. CrossRef

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A Workload Analysis of a Visiting Nursing Service based on a Health Center in Seoul: Ho Sihn Ryu, Eun Sook Park, Young Joo Park, Kuem Sun Han, Ji Young Lim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(7):1018-1027. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.7.1018

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study focused on analysing the workload of visiting nurses based on a health center.

Method

A Prospective descriptive analysis of self-records for workload data from 115 visiting nurses during 4 weeks was done. In addition, a cross-sectional analysis of linked data to grasp the priority of visiting nursing services from 155 visiting nurses at the 25 health centers in Seoul.

Result

Time allocation that was performed on all nursing workload of visiting nurses was identified as follows: First, the inside workload of the health center took up 60% of all visiting nurse activities. Second, providing direct nursing care(caseload) took up 25%. Third, outside nursing activities excluding the caseload provided in the health center took up 15% of all working time. Fourth, the core works to have a high priority among visiting nursing activities were family health assessment, planning and evaluation of a visiting nursing program, personal health assessment, and so forth.

Conclusion

The workload of a visiting nurse suggests that the caseload of visiting nurses in a health center needs to be increased. Also, our results will contribute to baseline data used to establish a proper visiting nurses infrastructure based on the demand of visiting nursing services.

Citations

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Estimating need for Home Visiting Nurse from Public Health Centers
Hyun-Ji Bae, Jinhyun Kim
Perspectives in Nursing Science.2015; 12(1): 23. CrossRef
Job Performance and Self Confidence by Visiting Nurses who are engaged in the Consolidated Health Promotion Program in Gangwon-Province
Myung Soon Kwon, Soon Ok Yang, Sun Ok Eom
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2015; 29(2): 190. CrossRef
The Effects of a Mobile Computerized System for Individual Tailored Home Care Services in a City
Nam Hee Park, Rang Jang, Jung Young Kim, Myoung Soo Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(1): 71. CrossRef
Statistical Methods to Control Response Bias in Nursing Activity Surveys
Ji Young Lim, Chang Gi Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(1): 48. CrossRef
Task Analysis of Managers in the Customized Visiting Health Services
Young Ran Han, Young Rye Park, Young Hee Kim, Hee Chung Choi, Mi Ja Chung
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(2): 165. CrossRef
Relations among the Decision Making Style, Self Leadership and Communication Competence of Visiting Nurses
Eun-Joo Kim, Ji-Young Lim, Kyung-Won Choi
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2011; 11(10): 324. CrossRef
Elders' Health Status, Quality of Life, and Satisfaction with Customized Home Visiting Health Service Depending on Connection to Volunteerism
Ji Eun Park, Chungnam Kim, Yunhee Kwon
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(4): 448. CrossRef

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A Study on Link of Health and Welfare Service and Barrier's Factors of Visiting Nurses and Social Welfare workers: In Young Yoo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(1):113-121. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.1.113

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the link between health and welfare service and barrier's factors by reviewing the connection between the public health center's visiting nurse and social welfare center's social workers

Method

A survey by mail or a face-to-face interview of 151 visiting nurses in 25 public health centers and 48 social welfare workers in general social welfare centers in Seoul, was preformed from Feb. 12, 2001 to Mar. 15, 2001. The data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean value, paired t-test and independent t-test using SPSS/WIN 7.5 program.

Result

1. ‘ The necessity and degree of cooperation with social welfare workers of visiting nurse’ scored average 4.49 and 3.19, and ‘ The necessity and degree of cooperation with visiting nurse and social welfare workers’ scored average 4.81 and 3.15 on the five-point scale ; there was a significant difference between the two variable in visiting nurse and social welfare workers. 2. In barrier's factors which health and welfare service offer to, visiting nurses showed statistically significant higher score than social welfare staff ; ‘ job factor’, ‘ resource factor’, ‘ clients factor’, ‘ individual ability factor’

Conclusion

In order to provide link system that hold clients in common in public health center and social welfare center, it is recommended a case management team should be constructed and educate visiting nurses for case manager.

Citations

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The Correlation between Nursing Professional Values and Job Satisfaction Depending on the Types of Visiting Nurses' Personality
Hae In Park, Kyung Min Park, Kyung Hee Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2012; 21(2): 77. CrossRef

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Effects of a Cognitive Rehearsal Program on Interpersonal Relationships, Workplace Bullying, Symptom Experience, and Turnover Intention among Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial: Jiyeon Kang, Jeung-Im Kim, Seonyoung Yun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(5):689-699. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.5.689

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This research aimed to investigate the effects of a cognitive rehearsal program (CRP) on workplace bullying among nurses.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was performed. Participants were 40 nurses working in different university hospitals in B city, South Korea. The experimental group was provided with a 20-hour CRP comprising scenarios on bullying situations, standard communication, and role-playing. To evaluate effects of the CRP, we measured interpersonal relationships, workplace bullying, symptom experience, and turnover intention at pre-and post-intervention. Follow-up effect was measured in the experimental group only at 4 weeks after the intervention.

Results

After the intervention, there were significant differences in interpersonal relationships (F=6.21, p=.022) and turnover intention (F=5.55, p=.024) between experimental and wait-list groups. However, there was no significant difference in workplace bullying or symptom experience between the 2 groups. The beneficial effects on interpersonal relationships and turnover intention lasted at least up to 4 weeks after CRP.

Conclusion

The CRP for workplace bullying improves interpersonal relationships and decreases turnover intention. So it can be utilized as one of the personal coping strategies to reduce the the turnover among nurses. Further studies on the effects of unit- or hospital-based CRP and on the long-term effects of CRP are necessary.

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Inhalation Effects of Aroma Essential Oil on Quality of Sleep for Shift Nurses after Night Work: WonJong Kim, Myung-Haeng Hur; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):769-779. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.769

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was an experimental study to compare the inhalation effects of aroma essential oil on the quality of sleep (QOS) for shift nurses after working nights.

Methods

The participants were 60 healthy adults who didn't have any disease. As an experimental treatment, the participants in the experimental group were asked to inhale essential oil for 3 minutes at a distance of approximately 10 cm fromt heir nose and then they were asked to sleep with the aroma stone beside their head (within a 30 cm distance). QOS were measured four times on Pretest, Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 after they slept. To measure QOS, Perceived QOS (Numeric Rating Scale), the Verran & Synder-Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale were used, and number of awakenings (NoA) was measured by Actigraph.

Results

There were no significant differences in the homogeneity tests for general characteristics and dependent variables prior to the experiments, except for VSH of subjective sleep quality. Also, there was no significant interaction between group and time. The VSH of the experimental group was higher than the control group (F=6.39, p=.002). The NoA between the experimental group and the control group was significantly different after experimental treatment 3rd day (F=13.35, p=.001).

Conclusion

The findings show that the inhalation of aroma essential oil had effects to increase the quality of sleep. Therefore, the inhalation of aroma essential oil could be applied to general nursing interventions to improve the quality of sleep.

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A Grounded Theory Approach on Nurses’ Experience with Workplace Bullying: Jiyeon Kang, Seonyoung Yun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(2):226-237. Published online April 17, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.2.226

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the workplace bullying experience of Korean nurses.

Methods:

Participants were twenty current or former hospital nurses who had experienced workplace bullying. Data were collected through focus group and individual in-depth interviews from February to May, 2015. Theoretical sampling method was applied to the point of theoretical saturation. Transcribed interview contents were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory method.

Results:

A total of 110 concepts, 48 sub-categories, and 17 categories were identified through the open coding process. As a result of axial coding based on the paradigm model, the central phenomenon of nurses’ workplace bullying experience was revealed as ‘teaching that has become bullying’, and the core category was extracted as ‘surviving in love-hate teaching’ consisting of a four-step process: confronting reality, trial and error, relationship formation, and settlement. The relationship formation was considered to be the key phase to proceed to the positive settlement phase, and the participants utilized various strategies such as having an open mind, developing human relationships, understanding each other in this phase.

Conclusion:

The in-depth understanding of the workplace bullying experience has highlighted the importance of effective communication for cultivating desirable human relationships between nurses.

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Sung Eon Sim, Hye-Young Jang, De-Chih Lee
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Hyeran Kang, JuYoung Kim, Daeeun Kim, Hackjin Kim
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Development of a Wellness Index for Workers: Moon-Jong Choi, Chang-Sik Son, Jinsu Kim, Yeongmi Ha; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):69-78. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.69

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a wellness index for workers (WIW) and examine the validity and reliability of the WIW for assessing workers' wellness.

Methods

The developmental process for the instrument included construction of a conceptual framework based on a wellness model, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, preliminary study, extraction of final items, and psychometric testing. Content validity was verified by 4 experts from occupational health nursing and wellness disciplines. The construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity were examined with confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability was examined with Cronbach's alpha. The participants were 494 workers from two workplaces.

Results

Eighteen items were selected for the final scale, and the results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor model of wellness with acceptable model fit, and factors named as physical · emotional · social · intellectual · occupational wellness. The convergent and discriminant validity were also supported. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .91.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the WIW is a valid and reliable instrument to comprehensively assess workers' wellness, and to provide basic directions for developing workplace wellness program.

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A Study on the Knowledge Structure of Cancer Survivors based on Social Network Analysis: Sun Young Kwon, Ka Ryeong Bae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):50-58. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.50

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge structure of cancer survivors.

Methods

For data, 1099 articles were collected, with 365 keywords as a Noun phrase extracted from the articles and standardized for analyzing. Co-occurrence matrix were generated via a cosine similarity measure, and then the network analysis and visualization using PFNet and NodeXL were applied to visualize intellectual interchanges among keywords.

Results

According to the result of the content analysis and the cluster analysis of author keywords from cancer survivors articles, keywords such as 'quality of life', 'breast neoplasms', 'cancer survivors', 'neoplasms', 'exercise' had a high degree centrality. The 9 most important research topics concerning cancer survivors were 'cancer-related symptoms and nursing', 'cancer treatment-related issues', 'late effects', 'psychosocial issues', 'healthy living managements', 'social supports', 'palliative cares', 'research methodology', and 'research participants'.

Conclusion

Through this study, the knowledge structure of cancer survivors was identified. The 9 topics identified in this study can provide useful research direction for the development of nursing in cancer survivor research areas. The Network analysis used in this study will be useful for identifying the knowledge structure and identifying general views and current cancer survivor research trends.

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A Structural Equation Model on Family Strength of Married Working Women: Yeong Seon Hong, Kuem Sun Han; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(6):900-909. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.6.900

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of predictive factors related to family strength and develop a structural equation model that explains family strength among married working women.

Methods

A hypothesized model was developed based on literature reviews and predictors of family strength by Yoo. This constructed model was built of an eight pathway form. Two exogenous variables included in this model were ego-resilience and family support. Three endogenous variables included in this model were functional couple communication, family stress and family strength. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from 319 married working women who were 30~40 of age and lived in cities of Chungnam province in Korea. Data were analyzed with PASW/WIN 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs.

Results

Family support had a positive direct, indirect and total effect on family strength. Family stress had a negative direct, indirect and total effect on family strength. Functional couple communication had a positive direct and total effect on family strength. These predictive variables of family strength explained 61.8% of model.

Conclusion

The results of the study show a structural equation model for family strength of married working women and that predicting factors for family strength are family support, family stress, and functional couple communication. To improve family strength of married working women, the results of this study suggest nursing access and mediative programs to improve family support and functional couple communication, and reduce family stress.

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Lin Tao, Xiaoxia Hu, Lan Fu, Xiaoxia Zhang, Hong Chen
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Kuem Sun Han, Yeong Seon Hong, Hyuncheol Kang, Youn Hee Roh, Myung Sook Choi, Hee Jin Moon
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Structural Equation Modeling of Quality of Work Life in Clinical Nurses based on the Culture-Work-Health Model: Miji Kim, Eunjung Ryu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(6):879-889. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.6.879

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model of quality of work life for clinical nurses based on Peterson and Wilson's Culture-Work-Health model (CWHM).

Methods

A structured questionnaire was completed by 523 clinical nurses to analyze the relationships between concepts of CWHM-organizational culture, social support, employee health, organizational health, and quality of work life. Among these conceptual variables of CWHM, employee health was measured by perceived health status, and organizational health was measured by presenteeism. SPSS21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs were used to analyze the efficiency of the hypothesized model and calculate the direct and indirect effects of factors affecting quality of work life among clinical nurses.

Results

The goodness-of-fit statistics of the final modified hypothetical model are as follows: χ²=586.03, χ²/df=4.19, GFI=.89, AGFI=.85, CFI=.91, TLI=.90, NFI=.89, and RMSEA=.08. The results revealed that organizational culture, social support, organizational health, and employee health accounted for 69% of clinical nurses' quality of work life.

Conclusion

The major findings of this study indicate that it is essential to create a positive organizational culture and provide adequate organizational support to maintain a balance between the health of clinical nurses and the organization. Further repeated and expanded studies are needed to explore the multidimensional aspects of clinical nurses' quality of work life in Korea, including various factors, such as work environment, work stress, and burnout.

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Ecological Correlates of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Korean Blue-collar Workers: A Multi-level Study: Won Ju Hwang, Yunhee Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(6):857-867. Published online December 15, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.6.857

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate individual and organizational level of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors associated with CVD risk in Korean blue-collar workers working in small sized companies.

Methods

Self-report questionnaires and blood sampling for lipid and glucose were collected from 492 workers in 31 small sized companies in Korea. Multilevel modeling was conducted to estimate effects of related factors at the individual and organizational level.

Results

Multilevel regression analysis showed that workers in the workplace having a cafeteria had 1.81 times higher CVD risk after adjusting for factors at the individual level (p=.022). The explanatory power of variables related to organizational level variances in CVD risk was 17.1%.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that differences in the CVD risk were related to organizational factors. It is necessary to consider not only individual factors but also organizational factors when planning a CVD risk reduction program. The factors caused by having cafeteria in the workplace can be reduced by improvement in the CVD-related risk environment, therefore an organizational-level intervention approach should be available to reduce CVD risk of workers in small sized companies in Korea.

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Hyunjung Moon, Sunkyung Cha
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2022; 31(3): 391. CrossRef
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Chi-Young Lee, Eun-Ok Im
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Won Ju Hwang, Jin Ah Kim
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Minjung Kwon, Eunsuk Choi
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Won Ju Hwang, Yunhee Park
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Identifying Usability Level and Factors Affecting Electronic Nursing Record Systems: A Multi-institutional Time-motion Approach: Insook Cho, Won-Ja Choi, WoanHeui Choi, Misuk Hyun, Yeonok Park, Yoona Lee, Euiyoung Cho, Okhee Hwang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(4):523-532. Published online August 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.4.523

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The usability, user satisfaction, and impact of electronic nursing record (ENR) systems were investigated.

Methods

This mixed-method research was performed as a time-motion (TM) study and a survey which were carried out at six hospitals between August and November 2013. The TM study involved 108 nurses from medical, surgical, and intensive care units at each hospital, plus an additional 48 nurses who served as nonparticipating observers. In the survey, 1879 volunteer nurses completed the Impact of ENR Systems Scale, the System Usability Scale, and a global satisfaction scale. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed.

Results

The mean scores for the ENR impact, system usability, and satisfaction were 4.28 (out of 6), 58.62 (out of 100), and 74.31 (out of 100), respectively, and they differed significantly between hospitals (F=43.43, p<.001, F=53.08 and p<.001, and F=29.13 and p<.001, respectively). A workflow fragmentation assessment revealed different patterns of ENR system use among the included hospitals. Three user characteristics-educational background, practice period, and experience of using paper records-significantly affected the system usability and satisfaction scores.

Conclusion

The system quality varied widely among the ENR systems. The generally low-to-moderate levels of system usability and user satisfaction suggest many opportunities for improvement.

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Usability and understandability of a web-based medical communication aid for patients with ankylosing spondylitis in South Korea: A mixed-methods study
Sang-Hoon Lee, YoungJu Park, Chan-Bum Choi, Yong-Gil Kim, Jung-Ae Kim, Hoon-Suk Cha
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Return to Work Experience among Military Officers with Cancer: Mira Son, Jeong Seop Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(1):147-156. Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.147

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to describe the return to work experience of military officers with cancer.

Methods

Individual in-depth interviews with 15 participants were conducted between September 2013 and April 2014. Participants were interviewed 1~4 times; interviews continued until the data became saturated. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory.

Results

The core category emerged as "living a new life after enduring difficulties". The return to work process consisted of four sequential phases: chaos, positive thought formation, behavior practices, and reformation. Action/interaction strategies used by military officers with cancer to resolve enduring difficulties were controlling emotions, accepting reality, prioritizing health, making efforts to improve relationships, and looking for future jobs.

Conclusion

These results will promote understanding of military officers' return to work experience following cancer survival, and will be helpful in developing more effective nursing interventions through enhanced perspectives and insights of practitioners.

Citations

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Facilitators and barriers associated with returning to work for cancer survivors: A systematic review
Jiayi Liu, Jinnan Xiao, Suqi Ou, Jiarui Chen, Siyuan Tang
Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2025; 12: 100734. CrossRef
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Ka Ryeong Bae, Juhee Cho
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Taking an obscure path, a common concern during returning to work after cancer
Vahid Zamanzadeh, Leila Valizadeh, Mohammad Zirak, Azad Rahmani
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Development and Validity of Workplace Bullying in Nursing-Type Inventory (WPBN-TI): Younju Lee, Mihyoung Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(2):209-218. Published online April 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.2.209

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess bullying of nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the instrument.

Methods

The initial thirty items of WPBN-TI were identified through a review of the literature on types bullying related to nursing and in-depth interviews with 14 nurses who experienced bullying at work. Sixteen items were developed through 2 content validity tests by 9 experts and 10 nurses. The final WPBN-TI instrument was evaluated by 458 nurses from five general hospitals in the Incheon metropolitan area. SPSS 18.0 program was used to assess the instrument based on internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity.

Results

WPBN-TI consisted of 16 items with three distinct factors (verbal and nonverbal bullying, work-related bullying, and external threats), which explained 60.3% of the total variance. The convergent validity and determinant validity for WPBN-TI were 100.0%, 89.7%, respectively. Known-groups validity of WPBN-TI was proven through the mean difference between subjective perception of bullying. The satisfied criterion validity for WPBN-TI was more than .70. The reliability of WPBN-TI was Cronbach's α of .91.

Conclusions

WPBN-TI with high validity and reliability is suitable to determine types of bullying in nursing workplace.

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Economic Evaluation of a Workplace Occupational Health Nursing Service: Based on Comparison with Atmospheric Environment Managing Engineer: Hye-Sun Jung, Bokim Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(4):507-516. Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.507

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to use cost-benefit analysis of activity to clarify the economic effect of prepared nurses versus atmospheric environment managing engineers as healthcare managers.

Methods

For the study 111 workplaces were surveyed, workplaces in which nurses or atmospheric environment managing engineers were employed as healthcare managers. The survey content included annual gross salaries, participation in external job training, costs in joining association covered by the company, location and year of construction of the healthcare office, various kinds of healthcare expenditures, costs in operating healthcare office, health education, and activity performance in the work of environment management.

Results

In the case of the healthcare manager being a nurse, benefit was larger than input costs at a ratio of 2.31. On the other hand, in the case of healthcare manager being an atmospheric environment managing engineer, input costs were larger than benefits (benefit-cost ratio 0.88).

Conclusion

Results indicate that nurses are an effective healthcare human resource and can offer good quality healthcare service. Therefore companies should hire nurses and actively promote the economic efficiency of nurses in workplace.

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Factors Associated with Blue-collar Workers' Risk Perception of Cardiovascular Disease: Won Ju Hwang, OiSaeng Hong, Mi Ja Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(7):1095-1104. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.7.1095

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of actual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, as well as, individual, psychosocial, and work-related factors as predictors of CVD risk perception among Korean blue-collar workers.

Methods

The participants were 238 Korean blue-collar workers who worked in small companies. Data were collected through a survey; anthropometric and blood pressure measures; and blood sampling for lipid levels.

Results

Blue-collar workers had high actual CVD risk and low CVD risk perception. The significant predictors of risk perception included perceived health status, alcohol consumption, knowledge of CVD risk, actual CVD risk, decision latitude, and shift work. The model explained 26% of the variance in CVD risk perception.

Conclusion

The result suggests when occupational health nurses are giving routine health examination in small companies, they can enhance CVD risk perception in blue-collar workers by providing essential information about CVD risk factors and personal counseling on the individual worker's CVD risk status.

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Effects of a Volunteer-Run Peer Support Program on Health and Satisfaction with Social Support of Older Adults Living Alone: Su Hyun Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(4):525-536. Published online August 12, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.4.525

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of a peer support program conducted by older community volunteers for older adults living alone.

Methods

Thirty volunteers trained as peer supporters were matched with low-income, older adults living alone in the community on gender. Visits occurred on a weekly basis over the 12 month study period, and the volunteers provided peer support for health management to solitary older adults. Data were collected, before the start of the program and again 6 and 12 months after its initialization, from intervention and control groups regarding physical health, general health, mental health, depression, social functioning, and satisfaction with social support. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze data.

Results

By the end of the program, socially isolated older adults in the intervention group had significantly higher scores in physical health and general health than elders in the control group. Significant interaction effects between time and group were found for depression, social functioning, and satisfaction with social support.

Conclusion

The peer support program undertaken by older community volunteers was effective in improving physical health, general health, depression, social functioning, and satisfaction with social support in socially isolated, low-income, older adults.

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