Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

Effects of a Sun-style Tai Chi Exercise on Arthritic Symptoms, Motivation and the Performance of Health Behaviors in Women with Osteoarthritis: Rhayun Song, Eun Ok Lee, Paul Lam, Sang Cheol Bae; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(2):249-256. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.2.249

Purpose

Tai Chi exercise, an ancient Chinese martial art, has drawn more and more attention for its health benefits. The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of a Sun-style Tai Chi exercise on arthritic symptoms (joint pain and stiffness), motivation for performing health behaviors, and the performance of health behaviors among older women with osteoarthritis.

Methods

Total of 72 women with the mean age of 63 years old were recruited from outpatients clinic or public health centers according to the inclusion criteria and assigned randomly to either the Tai Chi exercise group or the control. A Sun-style Tai Chi exercise has been provided three times a week for the first two weeks, and then once a week for another 10 weeks. In 12 weeks of study period, 22 subjects in the Tai Chi exercise group and 21 subjects in the control group completed the posttest measure with the dropout rate of 41%. Outcome variables included arthritic symptoms measured by K-WOMAC, motivation for health behavior, and health behaviors.

Results

At the completion of the 12 week Tai Chi exercise, the Tai Chi group perceived significantly less joint pain (t=-2.19, p=0.03) and stiffness (t=-2.24, p=0.03), perceived more health benefits (t=2.67, p=0.01), and performed better health behaviors (t=2.35, p=0.02), specifically for diet behavior (t=2.06, p=0.04) and stress management (t=2.97, p=0.005).

Conclusion

A Sun-style Tai Chi exercise was found as beneficial for women with osteoarthritis to reduce their perceived arthritic symptoms, improve their perception of health benefits to perform better health behaviors.

Citations

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Asian Exercise Techniques and Various Physical Activity Interventions in Middle and Late Adulthood Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Wen Qi, David Alarcón, María José Arenilla, Hongli Yu, José Carlos Jaenes, Manuel Trujillo, Dominika Wilczyńska
Journal of Aging and Physical Activity.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Meta-analysis of exercise intervention on health behaviors in middle-aged and older adults
Min Liu, Dong-hui Mei, Ya-lu Zhang, Ning Kang, Dong-min Wang, Gong Chen
Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of Tai chi on positive-activated affect in adults: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Jianchun Yin, Caichao Yue, Xiang Chen, Lijun Tang
International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology.2023; 21(5): 807. CrossRef
The effects of Tai Chi on physical function and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Haiyang Wu, Qiang Wang, Guowei Wen, Junhao Wu, Yiru Wang
Frontiers in Physiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Interpreting physical sensations to guide health-related behavior
Christian Fazekas, Dennis Linder, Franziska Matzer, Josef Jenewein, Barbara Hanfstingl
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift.2022; 134(S1): 3. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of a Self-management Mobile App for Adults with Osteoarthritis
Ju Young Park, Jung Tae Son
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2022; 33(1): 114. CrossRef
Clinical Evidence of Tai Chi Exercise Prescriptions: A Systematic Review
Jiafu Huang, Dandan Wang, Jinghao Wang, Swee Keong Yeap
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Exercise for Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Ruojin Li, Hongwei Chen, Jiahao Feng, Ying Xiao, Haoyang Zhang, Christopher Wai-Kei Lam, Hong Xiao
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 7873. CrossRef
Effects of Mantra Meditation versus Music Listening on Knee Pain, Function, and Related Outcomes in Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: An Exploratory Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)
Kim E. Innes, Terry Kit Selfe, Sahiti Kandati, Sijin Wen, Zenzi Huysmans, Mark Moss
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Wen-Dien Chang, Shuya Chen, Chia-Lun Lee, Hung-Yu Lin, Ping-Tung Lai, Yongtai Wang
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of the New Version of the Arthritis Self-management Program in Patients with Osteoarthritis
Eun Nam Lee, Kyung-Sook Lee, Inok Lee, Won-Sook Bak, Hee Kwon Choi, Kyung-Sook Cho, Young Eun, Mi-Kyung Choi, Hye Sook Min, Rhayun Song, Gyeyoung Shin, Minju Kim, Myung Sook Lee, Ju Sung Kim, Yeo Sook Chung
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HEALTH IMPROVING CHINESE GYMNASTICS TAIJIQUAN. 1. PRESENTATION OF A SCIENCE METRIC DATABASES WEB OF SCIENCE AND SCOPUS
Murashova Arina Viktorovna, Mayer Boris Olegovich
Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin.2014; 4(6): 65. CrossRef
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Pedro Jesús Jiménez-Martín, Agustín Meléndez-Ortega, Ulrike Albers, Diane Schofield
European Journal of Integrative Medicine.2013; 5(6): 469. CrossRef
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P.J. Jimenez, A. Melendez, U. Albers
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2012; 55(2): 460. CrossRef
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Ming-Chien Chyu, Vera von Bergen, Jean-Michel Brismée, Yan Zhang, James K. Yeh, Chwan-Li Shen
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Keum-Soon Kim, Jeong-A Yu, Jin-A Kim, Yim-Sun Lee, In-Ok Lee
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A Randomized Study of the Effects ofT'ai Chion Muscle Strength, Bone Mineral Density, and Fear of Falling in Women with Osteoarthritis
Rhayun Song, Beverly L. Roberts, Eun-Ok Lee, Paul Lam, Sang-Cheol Bae
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2010; 16(3): 227. CrossRef
Managing cardiovascular risks with Tai Chi in people with coronary artery disease
In Sook Park, Rhayun Song, Kyong Ok Oh, Hee Young So, Dal Sook Kim, Jong Im Kim, Tae Sook Kim, Hyun Li Kim, Suk Hee Ahn
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2010; 66(2): 282. CrossRef
Benefits of wellness interventions for persons with chronic and disabling conditions: A review of the evidence
Alexa K. Stuifbergen, Marian Morris, Jae Hak Jung, Diana Pierini, Stephanie Morgan
Disability and Health Journal.2010; 3(3): 133. CrossRef
The Effect of Self-help Tai Chi Over 16 Weeks in Community Program for Older Adults Korean American Women
Eunhee Lee
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 87. CrossRef
Power Analysis in Experimental Designs with t test Analysis
Jeong-Hee Kang, Kyung-Sook Bang, Sung-Hee Ko
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2009; 15(1): 120. CrossRef
Tai chi for osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Myeong Soo Lee, Max H. Pittler, Edzard Ernst
Clinical Rheumatology.2008; 27(2): 211. CrossRef

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The Effect of Tai Chi Movement in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Kang Yi Lee, Ok Yeon Jeong; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(2):278-285. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.2.278

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was performed to verify the effect of Tai Chi exercise on patients with rheumatoid arthritis particularly their level of pain, fatigue, sense of balance and daily life performance (ADL).

Method

It employed a non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test design. The research instruments used in this study were pain, fatigue, sense of balance and ADL. Thirty-two patients in the experimental group carried out 50 minutes of Tai Chi exercise for 12 weeks, and 29 patients in the control group did not. Before and after the experiment, both groups were tested for pain, fatigue, sense of balance and ADL. Collected data were processed using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program analyzed by the frequency, percentage, χ²-test, and t-test.

Results

Pain and fatigue significantly decreased in the experimental group. However the improvement in ADL of the rheumatoid arthritis patients was not statistically significant but their sense of balance was enhanced significantly.

Conclusion

Tai Chi exercise is an effective nursing intervention that can be used for rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Citations

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The effects of Tai Chi on physical function and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Haiyang Wu, Qiang Wang, Guowei Wen, Junhao Wu, Yiru Wang
Frontiers in Physiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effect of Taichi Practice on Attenuating Bone Mineral Density Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Liye Zou, Chaoyi Wang, Kevin Chen, Yankai Shu, Xiaoan Chen, Lin Luo, Xitang Zhao
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(9): 1000. CrossRef
Effect of Foot Care Education for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Involving the Feet
Seong Kyong Kim, Hee Seung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2014; 21(1): 7. CrossRef
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Young Sun Ha, Yeon Hee Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(1): 19. CrossRef
The Effect of Self-help Tai Chi Over 16 Weeks in Community Program for Older Adults Korean American Women
Eunhee Lee
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 87. CrossRef
EFFECTS OF TAI CHI ON FUNCTIONAL FITNESS AND SUBJECTIVE HEALTH STATUS IN OLDER JAPANESE RETURNEES FROM CHINA : A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
XIUYING HU
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine.2007; 56(4): 409. CrossRef

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Effects of Tai Chi on Fall Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis: Moonkyoung Park, Rhayun Song; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(3):341-351. Published online June 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.3.341

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to analyze the effects of Tai Chi on fall-related risk factors through meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials published in English and Korean between 2000 and 2010.

Methods

Using health related database and hand search of references and Google, 28 randomized studies were collected from doctoral dissertation and published peer reviewed articles. The Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 2.0 was used for the analysis.

Results

The effect sizes for Tai Chi for 3 months were significant with ES=0.54 for static balance, ES=0.24 for dynamic balance, ES=0.69 for balance measured by scale, and ES=0.40 for flexibility, ES=0.48 for muscle strength, ES=0.71 for ADL, and ES=0.37 for fear of falling. Also, the effect sizes of Tai Chi for 6 months were significant for most fall-related variables. The 6 month data for flexibility was not analyzed since only one study was published.

Conclusion

The analysis of studies of randomized clinical trials indicate that Tai Chi is effective in improving balance, flexibility, muscle strength, activities of daily living, and fear of falling when applied for 3 or 6 months. The findings provide the objective evidence to apply Tai Chi as a fall preventive intervention.

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Lissandra Zanovelo Fogaça, Caio Fabio Schlechta Portella, Ricardo Ghelman, Carmen Verônica Mendes Abdala, Mariana Cabral Schveitzer
Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Tai Chi for improving balance and reducing falls: An overview of 14 systematic reviews
Dongling Zhong, Qiwei Xiao, Xili Xiao, Yuxi Li, Jing Ye, Lina Xia, Chi Zhang, Juan Li, Hui Zheng, Rongjiang Jin
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2020; 63(6): 505. CrossRef
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Inok Hwang, Rhayun Song, Sukhee Ahn, Myung-ah Lee, Peter M. Wayne, Min Kyun Sohn
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Sally Miller, Ruth E. Taylor-Piliae
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Shujuan Pan, Dahlia Kairy, Hélène Corriveau, Michel Tousignant
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Yan Du, Penny Roberts, Qingwen Xu
Journal of Holistic Nursing.2017; 35(2): 142. CrossRef
The Effects of Exercise Intervention for Fall Prevention in Persons with Arthritis: A Meta Analysis
Chun Hee Lee, Heeok Park
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(6): 587. CrossRef
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Dong‐Chao Shen, Shuo‐Lin Wu, Yu‐Zhi Shi, Shuo Wang, Yu‐Mei Zhang, Chun‐Xue Wang
Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine.2016; 2(3): 173. CrossRef
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Yoon Lee Kim, Seok Hee Jeong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 469. CrossRef
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Shu‐Fen Lin, Huei‐Chuan Sung, Tzai‐Li Li, Tsung‐Cheng Hsieh, Hsiao‐Chin Lan, Shoa‐Jen Perng, Graeme D. Smith
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2015; 24(9-10): 1357. CrossRef
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Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Quality of Life in Post-menopausal Women: Rhayun Song, Sukhee Ahn, Hee Young So, In Sook Park, Hyun Li Kim, Kyung Ok Joo, Jong Sung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(1):136-144. Published online February 17, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.1.136

Abstract PDF

Purpose:

Natural menopause resulting in the decline in endogenous estrogen concentrations is responsible for an increased risk of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a 6-month Tai Chi exercise program on cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life in post-menopausal women.

Methods:

A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest measures was used. The participants in the study, 29 women in the Tai Chi group and 31 in the control group, were enrolled for 6 months.

Results:

After 6 months of Tai Chi exercise, total cholesterol (M=213 to 185), LDL-cholesterol (M=135 to 128), and their 10 yr cardiovascular disease risk (M=2.62 to 2.27) had improved significantly for the Tai Chi participants compared to the control group. Total scores for quality of life along with the sub-dimensions of health perception and mental functioning were also significantly higher in the Tai Chi participants.

Conclusion:

Tai Chi exercise favorably affected cardiovascular health and quality of life in post-menopausal women after 6 months. Additional rigorous studies are needed to examine long term effects on the prevention of cardiovascular disease in this population.

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Rha Yun Song, Moon Kyoung Park, Jin-Ok Cheong, Jae-Hyeong Park, In-Whan Seong
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Effects of Tai Chi Exercise Program on Physical Fitness, Fall related Perception and Health Status in Institutionalized Elders: MingRen Liu, Heeyoung So; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(4):620-628. Published online August 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.4.620

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose was to identify the effects of a Tai Chi exercise program on physical fitness, fall related perception and health status among institutionalized elderly.

Methods

A quasi-experimental research was carried out with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 23 subjects in the experimental group and 24 in the control group. The data was gathered by structured questionnaires about fall related perception, and health status. Physical fitness was measured by an exercise therapist with a blind principle.

Results

At the completion of the 12 weeks Tai Chi exercise program, flexibility (F=4.50, p=.00), and ability to balance (F=3.27, p=.00) had increased significantly. Fall related perception showed significant improvement in the fear of falling (F=-3.52, p=.00). Physical functioning (F=3.38, p=.00), role limitation-physical (F=2.67, p=.01), role limitation-emotional (F=2.47, p=.02). and general health (F=3.88, p=.00) in health status showed significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusion

The study findings revealed Tai Chi exercise as a useful nursing intervention for elderly that enhances flexibility and balance, decreases fall related perception and also increases the health status. Further research is warranted to compare the potential effects of Tai Chi exercise and its health benefits from other types of exercise or martial arts.

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Effects of Tai Chi Exercise in Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis: Hea-Young Lee, Keum Jae Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2008;38(1):11-18. Published online February 29, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.11

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to determine whether the Sun-style 24 forms of Tai Chi exercise improve pain, stiffness, disability, knee joint motion, mobility, balance or falling.

Methods

Forty-six community-dwelling elderly subjects (mean age, 75.46±6.28) voluntarily participated in an intervention group of either 24 forms of Sun-style Tai Chi for 60 min, 2 times per week for 12 weeks or a control group. A on-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. Independent t-test and ANCOVA were used to examine group differences by using SPSS12.0.

Results

The experimental group had significantly less pain (F=7.60, p=.008) and stiffness (t=-3.19, p=.003) than the control group. Also there were significant improvements in knee joint motion on the right knee (t=2.44, p=.019), left knee (t=2.30, p=.026), rising time (F=8.03, p=.07), balance on the left single leg test (t=2.20, p=.033), and fear of falling (t=-2.33, p=.024) in the Tai Chi exercise group. No significant group differences were found in disability and falls efficacy.

Conclusion

The Sun-style 24 forms Tai Chi exercise is effective in decreasing pain, stiffness, fear of falling and it improves balance, rising time, and knee joint motion. We suggest a continuing long term intervention to decrease disability and increase efficacy concerning falls.

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Comparison of Effects among Tai-Chi Exercise, Aquatic Exercise, and a Self-help Program for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Hea Young Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(3):571-580. Published online June 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.3.571

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to compare the effects among Tai-Chi exercise, aquatic Exercise, and a self-help program for knee osteoarthritis patients on symptoms of arthritis, muscle strength, balance, and difficulty of performing activities.

Method

There were 50 final subjects50. A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS for Window. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple comparison test were used 8weeks after each program.

Result

There were significant differences in joint pain(p=.000), stiffness (p=.001), knee extensor peak torque(p=.006), knee flexor(p=.002), and difficult of performing activity (p=.000), but there was no significant difference in balance(p=.648). The Tai-Chi group was significantly different from the self-help group for knee extensor peak torque, knee flexor and stiffness on Scheffe's multiple comparison tests. In addition, the Tai Chi group or aquatic group were significantly different from the self-help group for difficulty of performing activities(p<0.05).

Conclusion

There are significant differences in the effects of the nursing intervention among the three groups. The Tai Chi group and aquatic group were significantly different from the self-help group. However, it seems that Tai-chi exercise may be more suitable than aquatic exercise in osteoarthritis exercise programs. Further studies with a longitudinal study are necessary to confirm the longer exercise period.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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