Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Invited Paper

Healthcare Considerations for Special Populations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review: Kim, Jeung-Im , Im, YeoJin , Song, Ju-Eun , Jang, Sun Joo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(5):511-524. Published online October 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21156

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a threat to human health and public safety. People of all ages are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. However, the clinical manifestations of this infection differ by age. This study purposes to describe healthcare considerations for special populations, such as children, pregnant and lactating women, and older adults, who may have unique healthcare needs, in the pandemic situation. To realize the research purpose, we conducted a review of the practice guidelines of public documents and qualified studies that were published online/offline during a specific period. The review identified current knowledge on care for newborns, children in schools, pregnant women (from antenatal to postpartum care), and older adults suffering from high-risk conditions. Subsequently, we summarize vaccination guidance for special populations and, finally, discuss the issues currently affecting special populations. Therefore, this current knowledge on care for special populations helps nurses to provide accurate information on vaccinations aimed at preventing COVID-19 and protecting the masses from infection. Currently, the scarcity of information on COVID-19 variants necessitates further research on measures to reduce pandemic spread.

Citations

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The Use of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in the Treatment of a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Sy Duong-Quy, Duc Huynh-Truong-Anh, Thanh Nguyen-Thi-Kim, Tien Nguyen-Quang, Thanh Nguyen-Chi, Nhi Nguyen-Thi-Y, Van Duong-Thi-Thanh, Carine Ngo, Timothy Craig
Pulmonary Therapy.2022; 8(2): 233. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Comparison of Effects of Oral Health Program and Walking Exercise Program on Health Outcomes for Pregnant Women: Hae-jin Park, Haejung Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):506-520. Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.506

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To compare the effects of the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB)-based oral health program (OHP) and walking exercise program (WEP) on oral health behaviors, periodontal disease, physical activity, and psychological indicators (depression, stress, and quality of life) in pregnant women.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was adopted to compare the effects of a 12-week OHP and WEP on pregnant women (n=65). Pregnant women were randomly assigned to the oral health group (OHG; n=23), walking exercise group (WEG; n=21), or control group (CG; n=21). Data were analyzed by the χ²-test, Fisher's exact test, Scheffe test, and repeated measures ANOVA, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (version 21.0).

Results

The OHG and WEG showed significant improvements in oral health behaviors, periodontal disease, and psychological indicators as compared to the CG. The WEG showed significant improvement in physical activity as compared to the OHG and CG.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the IMCHB-based OHP and WEP were effective in improving periodontal disease, physical activity, and psychological indicators. However, further studies are needed to identify the positive effects of the OHP and WEP on birth outcomes.

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Physical Activity as a Mediatior in the Relationship Between Oral Health Status and Prevalence of Diabetes in Older Adults
Min-Jun Kim, Taewan Kim, Youngyun Jin, Donghyun Kim
Exercise Science.2025; 34(1): 35. CrossRef
Twenty-first century knowledge mapping on oral diseases and physical activity/exercise, trends, gaps, and future perspectives: a bibliometric review
Thamires Campos Gomes, José Lucas Gomes Moura, Daiane Claydes Baia-da-Silva, Rafael Rodrigues Lima, Patrícia de Almeida Rodrigues
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Review of domestic and international intervention studies to improve oral health in pregnant women
Jun-Yeong Kwon, Hyoung-Joo Kim, Hanna Gu, Hee-Jung Lim
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2024; 48(3): 155. CrossRef
Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: The effect of a nursing intervention using Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour
Qianqian Shen, Pingping He, Min Wen, Juping Yu, Yeshi Chen, Junyi Li, Xinping Ouyang
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2021; 77(10): 4104. CrossRef
Theoretical evaluation of Cox’s interaction model of client health behavior for health promotion in adult women
Youlim Kim, Hyeonkyeong Lee, Gi Wook Ryu
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(2): 120. CrossRef

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Development of a Maternal Identity Scale for Pregnant Women: Hae Won Kim, Kyung Ja Hong; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(3):531-543. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.3.531

Abstract PDF

This study was done to develop a Maternal Identity Scale for Pregnant Women and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. A convenience sample of 161 pregnant women were asked to complete the MISP questionnaire which consisted of 45 item, this was done from December 20, 1995 to January 15, 1996. The research procedure were as follows. The first step was to identify a conceptual definition of maternal identity using Rubin(1984)'s maternal identity and maternal experience during pregnancy. The second step was to operationalize the maternal identity, that is, perception of image possible of selves as mother, maternal role play by imagination, and the experiences of various emotional responses which are embedded in the mother-fetus dyad. The third step was item development which resulted in 45 items as appropriate measurement of maternal identity are except for the perception of image possible of selves as mother. The result findings were as follows: 1) Four factors for MISP(finally 40 items) were extracted through the principal component analysis and varimax rotation, and these contributed 49.3% of the variance in the total score. All 40 items in the scale loaded above .43 on one of 4 factors. 2) Each factor was named: factor 1 was named maternal role imagery and has 10 items, factor 2 was named happiness and has 11 items, factor 3 was named maternal fetal interaction and has 10 items, and the last factor 4 was named negative emotion and has 9 items. 3) Cronbach's -alpha coefficient for internal consistsncy was .92 for the total 40 items and .89, . 90, .86, .78 for the four subscales in that order. Recommendations are suggested below: 1) The developed MISP be used to assess maternal readiness in pregnancy. 2) Replication study be done to test validity and relaibility. 3) For the overall measure of Maternal Identity in Pregnancy, scale for the perception of image possible of selves as mother, and cognitive domain be reorganized for the maternal identity in pregnancy. 4) It is necessary to identify variables that influences maternal pregnancy. 5) It is necessary to identify that maternal identity in pregnancy is a reliable index of motherhood, to do correlation studies on maternal identity and major maternal variables in maternal transition period, to reoperationalize the maternal identity in postpartum, and finally to designate a longitudinal study of the maternal identity changes or stabilities.

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Maternal identity measurement based on the experiences of mothers with infants: a methodological study
Sun jung Park, Eun young Choi
Women's Health Nursing.2025; 31(1): 46. CrossRef
Factors influencing happiness and depression in high-risk pregnant women: a cross-sectional study using the ecological systems approach
Hyunkyung Choi
Women's Health Nursing.2024; 30(3): 203. CrossRef
An explanatory model of quality of life in high-risk pregnant women in Korea: a structural equation model
Mihyeon Park, Sukhee Ahn
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2023; 29(4): 302. CrossRef
Effects of stress, depression, and spousal and familial support on maternal identity in pregnant women
Hye-Jung Seo, Ju-Eun Song, Youngjin Lee, Jeong-Ah Ahn
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(1): 84. CrossRef
Effects of Music Therapy and Phone Counseling on Postpartum Depression and Maternal Identity in High Risk Women
Hae Won Kim, Sun OK Kim, Hye Gyung Kim, Hyang Ran Jeon
Perspectives in Nursing Science.2014; 11(1): 63. CrossRef
Factors associated with Postpartum Depression and Its Influence on Maternal Identity
Yoen Yi Jung, Hae Won Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2014; 20(1): 29. CrossRef
Effects of an Integrated Self-Management Program on Self-Management, Glycemic Control, and Maternal Identity in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
HeeSook Kim, Sue Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(1): 69. CrossRef

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Factors of the 'Taegyo' of Korean Pregnant Women: Self Care of Pregnant Women Based on Oriental Folk Behavior: Soon Bok Chang, Young Joo Park, Youn Soon Choi, Chae Won Chung; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(2):345-358. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.2.345

Abstract PDF

All human health behavior is deeply rooted one's beliefs or value system usually encompassed within the culture in which they live. The Taegyo, based on Oriental folk medicine, is defined as the behavior and self care of pregnant women administered for herself and her fetus(unborn child). Taegyo is believed to be desirable, effective, and healthy behavior by most of Korean pregnant women. It is essential in our contemporary culture, to ascertain what the components of Taegyo are and to integrate them into current, western nursing care, particularly in the area of prenatal care. 910 Korean women were the subjects of this study, who were in a gestation period of pregnancy between 10 weeks to three months postpartum. The subjects were selected by clustered sampling from 10 representative cities in Korea. Data was collected from February 10 to March 30 1995 by a constructed questionnaire which consisted of 95 items. The questionnaire was developed through three steps such as content analysis, calculation of content validity index, and pretest. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and rotated matrix factor analysis with pc-SAS. The mean age of the subjects was 28.9 years; 36.5% of them were employed and the mean income per month was about 2000 dollars. The component of Taegyo was clustered into five factors such as fetus psychological stability(equity), fetus personality development, maternal-fetal interaction, fetus intellectual development and physical health promotion. The variance of each factor were 23.7%, 8.3%, 4. 7%, 4.1%, and 3.3% respectively in that order. The Eigen value of each factor was 13.03, 4.57, 2.60, 2.23, and 1.83 respectively. It was found that the Taegyo is an unique and holistic self care behavior of Korean pregnant women. Therefore it has been concluded that this study has broadened the understandability of the implications the Taegyo. It is suggested that further studies on the effects of the Taegyo are needed to provide a scientific basis for professional maternity nursing.

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Correlations among Perceptions and Practice of Taegyo and Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women
Sang-Youn Jang, Kyung-Sook Bang
Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 398. CrossRef
Factors Associated with the Practice of Traditional Prenatal Education (Taegyo) among Pregnant Korean Women
Young Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(5): 491. CrossRef

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Subjective Symptoms of Fatigue in Normal Pregnant women: Shin Jeong Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(2):248-257. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.2.248

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to identify basic data for the health care of normal pregnant women. The number of subjects was 779 pregnant women who received prenatal care in two University hospitals. The data, which were collected from June to October, 1998, and used the questionnaire "Symptom Table on Fatigue Perception" designed by the Research Committee of the Industrial Fatigue in Hygienic Association of Japan Industry. The Collected data were scored by use of means and standard deviations according to the subjective symptoms of fatigue and each item as an independent variable was analysed by t-test and ANOVA test. The results are as follows : 1) Degree of subjective fatigue showed as an average of 1.81. Fatigue as physical symptoms had the highest score with 2.09, followed by neuro-sensory symptoms, 1.69 and psychological symptoms had the lowest score 1.66. 2) With the respect to the general characteristics of the subjects, there were statiscally significant difference in experience of pregnancy(t=-2.286, p=.023), wanted pregnancy(t=-2.935, p=.004), parity(t=-2.429, p=.015), sleeping time(F=3.478, p=.031), and presence of other child(t=2.347, p=0.19).

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Study on Fatigue, Stress and Burnout of Pregnant Nurses
Ja-Sook Kim, Young-Sook Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2013; 22(3): 208. CrossRef
Degree of Parenting Stress and Fatigue Perceived by Primary Caregivers of Young Children
Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Sung-Hee Kim, Shin-Jeong Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 184. CrossRef

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Attitudes of Pregnant women's husbands to Breast Feeding: Hae Kyung Chung, Kyung Hee Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):392-402. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.392

Abstract PDF: By using Q-methodology, this study examines the attitudes of pregnant womens' husbands toward breastfeeding. Also, the research provides basic data necessary to develop a strategy for recommending breastfeeding. A total of 112 items for the Q-population were collected from related literature and interviews with the general public, specialists, pregnant women and the general public, specialists, pregnant women and their husbands. Finally, 38 statements were selected. Twenty one husbands of pregnant women classified these statements on each card on a 1 to 9 point scale(forced normal distribution) and wrote the reasons for both the most supported and the mos resisted statements. The materials collected were analyzed by using pc QUANL program. The analysis drew down following fact that even though the attitudes of the husbands of pregnant were very similar, they could be classified to three types according to the motivation and recognition the degree of choosing breastfeeding. Type 1 is the mother's duty supporter, who insists that breastfeeding is completely natural and the proper duty of the mother. Type 2 is the emotional value supporter, who thinks that breastfeeding emotionally affects both the baby and the mother in a positive way. Type 3 is the conditional choice supporter, who chooses the most proper suckling way of feeding according to given conditions.

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Influences of Oral Health Behaviors, Depression and Stress on Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women: Hae-Jin Park, Hae Jung Lee, Soo Hyun Cho; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(5):653-662. Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.5.653

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of oral health behaviors, depression, and stress on periodontal disease in pregnant women.

Methods

The participants in this study were 129 pregnant women. Data were collected using questionnaires which included individual characteristics, oral health care behaviors, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), a global measure of perceived stress, and pregnancy stress. A dentist measured periodontal probing depth and classified stages of periodontal disease according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression.

Results

Periodontal disease had significant correlations with oral health care behaviors (r=-.56, p <.001), perceived stress (r=.44 p <.001), pregnancy stress (r=.37 p <.001), diet (r=-.33, p <.001) and depression (r=.18 p =.046). Factors influencing periodontal disease for these pregnant women were being in the 2nd (β=.27, p <.001) or 3rd trimester (β=.45, p <.001), having a pregnancy induced disease (β=.20, p =.002), performing higher oral health behaviors (β=-.30, p <.001), and having higher perceived stress (β=.17, p =.028). The explanation power of this regression model was 61.6% (F=15.52, p <.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicated that periodic assessment of periodontal disease is essential for pregnant women who are in 2nd or 3rd trimester and have pregnancy induced diseases. Enhancing oral health care behaviors and reducing perceived stress are indicated as effective strategies to reduce periodontal disease in pregnant women.

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Oral Health, Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Pregnancy: A Rapid Review of Associations and Implications for Perinatal Care
Abiola A. Adeniyi, Swathi Ramachandran, Cecilia Marie Jevitt
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Effects of depression and stress on oral self‐care among perinatal women in Appalachia: A longitudinal study
Jeongwi An, Christa Lilly, John R. Shaffer, Betsy Foxman, Mary L. Marazita, Daniel W. McNeil
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Dental caries and depression in pregnant women: The role of oral health self‐perception as mediator
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Oral Diseases.2022; 28(6): 1733. CrossRef
Comparison of Diagnosed Depression and Self-Reported Depression Symptom as a Risk Factor of Periodontitis: Analysis of 2016–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Seon-Rye Kim, Seoul-Hee Nam
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(3): 871. CrossRef
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Eun Gyeong Kim, Sook Kyoung Park, Ju-Hee Nho
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Milica Veličković, Snežana Radovanović, Vesna Dimitrijević, Danijela Gračić, Sanja Krulj, Jasna Milosavljević, Tanja Milićević, Ana Marinković, Tatjana Kanjevac
Zdravstvena zastita.2020; 49(1): 1. CrossRef
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Takashi Zaitsu, Tomoya Saito, Akiko Oshiro, Takeo Fujiwara, Yoko Kawaguchi
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2020; 62(2): e59. CrossRef
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Norma Idalia Rodríguez Franco, José Moral de la Rubia, Andrea Guadalupe Alcázar Pizaña
Dentistry Journal.2020; 8(1): 20. CrossRef
Stress, allostatic load, and periodontal diseases
Wael Sabbah, Noha Gomaa, Aswathikutty Gireesh
Periodontology 2000.2018; 78(1): 154. CrossRef
Comparison of Effects of Oral Health Program and Walking Exercise Program on Health Outcomes for Pregnant Women
Hae-jin Park, Haejung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(5): 506. CrossRef
Periodontal Disease and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Pregnant Women
Hae-jin Park, Haejung Lee, Soohyun Cho
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(4): 191. CrossRef

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Effects of a Mobile Web-based Pregnancy Health Care Educational Program for Mothers at an Advanced Maternal Age: Hee Jung Wang, Il Ok Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(3):337-346. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.3.337

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to develop a mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program for mothers who were at an advanced maternal age (AMA) and to verify the effects of the program on pregnancy health care.

Methods

This program was developed using a web-based teaching-learning system design model and composed of 10 subject areas. This research was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest time serial design and data were collected from April 2 to May 3, 2014. To verify the effects of the program, it was used for 2 weeks with 30 AMA mothers (experimental group). For the control group, a classroom education booklet for pregnant women used with 31 AMA mothers.

Results

The experimental group having participated in program had statistically significantly higher scores for knowledge (t=3.76, p<.001), self-efficacy (t=8.54, p<.001), and practice behavior (t=4.88, p<.001) of pregnancy health care, compared to the control group.

Conclusion

The results of the program indicate that a Mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program is effective in meeting the needs of AMA mothers and can be used as the prenatal educational program for AMA mothers and is appropriate as an educational media for theses mothers.

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Current State of Influenza Vaccination and Factors Affecting Vaccination Rate among Pregnant Women: Og Son Kim, Sung Won Yoon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(5):534-541. Published online October 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.534

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to examine the actual state of influenza vaccination among pregnant women and factors affecting vaccination rate.

Methods

Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. Participants were pregnant women who participated in a prenatal education program at an acute care hospital in 2013. Data collected from 218 pregnant women were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 Program.

Results

Only 48.6% of the pregnant women had received vaccination when the influenza was prevalent. Statistically significant factors affecting the influenza vaccination rate among pregnant women were vaccination experience in the previous year, knowledge and attitude about vaccination, and gestation period.

Conclusion

Results indicate that the influenza vaccination rate among pregnant women is lower than that of elders, healthcare workers, and patients with chronic diseases, who have been considered to be the mandatory vaccination recipients. Therefore, it is necessary to develop programs and policies which provide information including safety of vaccines for pregnant women and to induce positive attitudes towards vaccination for these women, in order to ultimately improve the vaccination rate.

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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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PLOS ONE.2020; 15(7): e0234827. CrossRef
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Hye Jin Chong, Hyun Kyung Kim, Myung Ha Lee, Sik Lee
Psychology, Health & Medicine.2018; 23(9): 1113. CrossRef
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Carmen S. Arriola, Nancy Vasconez, Mark Thompson, Sara Mirza, Ann C. Moen, Joseph Bresee, Ivy Talavera, Alba María Ropero
Vaccine.2016; 34(8): 1086. CrossRef
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So-Yeon Yoo, Og Son Kim
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Coverage Rate and Factors Associated with Vaccination in Adult Recommended Pneumococcal Vaccine
Soon Young Lee, Soon Rim Suh
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2016; 41(2): 231. CrossRef
Knowledge and Compliance with Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infection Among Workers in Geriatric Facilities
Og Son Kim
Korean Journal of Nosocomial Infection Control.2015; 20(2): 61. CrossRef

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Effects of a Cultural Competence Promotion Program for Multicultural Maternity Nursing Care: Case-based Small Group Learning: Myung-Sook Park, Young-Ran Kweon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):626-635. Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.626

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a cultural competence improvement program for maternity nurses.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pre and posttest design was used. Participants were 67 maternity nurses caring for multicultural pregnant women in G city. The cultural competence improvement program was developed based on the 3-D Puzzle Model and was provided using case-based small group learning methods for the experimental group (n=31). The control group (n=36) did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires at two time points: prior to the intervention and after the intervention and were analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ²-test, and t-test.

Results

Compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significant positive changes for cultural knowledge (t=6.39, p<.001), cultural awareness (t=3.50, p<.001), and cultural acceptance (t=4.08, p<.001). However, change in cultural nursing behaviors (t=0.92, p=.067) was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

Findings from this study indicate that a cultural competence improvement program with case-based small group learning is a useful intervention strategy to promote multicultural maternity care. Further, strategies to improve cultural nursing behavior should be developed to promote culturally congruent nursing care.

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Fatemeh Darban, Jamileh Farokhzadian, Monirsadat Nematollahi, Nastaran Heydarikhayat, Motahareh Faramarzpour
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Effects of Antenatal Depression and Antenatal Characteristics of Pregnant Women on Birth Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study: Hae Won Kim, Yeon Yi Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(4):477-485. Published online August 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.4.477

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to evaluate the effects of antenatal depression on birth outcomes.

Methods

The participants were 255 pregnant women who were followed in a prospective study. Of these, 197 cases were examined included birth weight, Apgar scores at 5 minute, premature contraction, complication of labor, delivery types and laboratory data. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi square test of linear by linear association, Kruskal Wallis test, Relative Risk, univariate and adjusted multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis with SPSS/Win.

Results

Level of antenatal depression was associated with low birth weight (χ²=7.69, p=.010). High risk pregnancy was a predictor of low birth weight (OR=6.98 [1.21-40.30]) and baby's weight (OR=2.12, [1.05-4.28]). Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was a predictor of complications in labor (OR=3.59, [1.03-12.48]). But there were no significant effects of antenatal depression on other birth outcomes.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that women with antenatal depression, high risk pregnancy, prepregnancy BMI≥23 kg/M² should be monitored and managed to ensure favorable birth outcomes.

Citations

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High-risk Pregnancy Nursing: Analyzing the Impact of Prenatal Stress, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Social Support on Prenatal Depression
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Sanaa Abujilban, Hasan Al-Omari, Esra’a Issa, Ayat ALhamdan, Lama Al-nabulsi, Lina Mrayan, Khadejah F. Mahmoud, W. George Kernohan
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Relationship of Prenatal Stress and Depression to Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Fetal Growth: Mi-Kyung Kwon, Kyung-Sook Bang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(2):276-283. Published online April 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.276

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Prenatal depression is associated with potential negative consequences for the mother and infant. The purpose of this study was to examine pregnant women's stress, and depression and their impact on maternal-fetal attachment and fetal growth.

Methods

Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and fetal sonogram from a convenience sample of 166 pregnant women.

Results

Women who have a low educational level, poor health and are dissatisfied with their marriage showed low maternal-fetal attachment. Prenatal depression had significant correlations with length of pregnancy and level of stress. Even though correlation between maternal stress and fetal weight (r=-.15, p=.099) and correlation between maternal depression and maternal-fetal attachment (r=-.13, p=.095) were not statistically significant, the impact of the prenatal psychological state of mothers can not be ignored as it relates to fetal health.

Conclusion

Maternal-fetal attachment and fetal growth can be affected by maternal emotional state, including stress or depression. These findings suggest that primary care nurses in hospitals and public health centers should provide prenatal depression screening and nursing intervention programs for management and prevention of prenatal stress and depression.

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Development of the Pregnancy Nutrition Knowledge Scale and Its Relationship with Eating Habits in Pregnant Women visiting Community Health Center: Hae Won Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(1):33-43. Published online February 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.1.33

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to develop a pregnancy nutrition knowledge scale and to examine the relationships between pregnancy nutrition knowledge and eating habits in pregnant women.

Methods

With convenient sampling, 189 pregnant women who used community health centers for their ante-natal care were recruited. Data were collected using a self administered questionnaire including items on pregnancy nutrition knowledge (18 items) developed by researcher and items on eating habits (14 items). Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis were examined to test reliability and construct validity of the scale. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to identify the relationship between pregnancy nutrition knowledge and eating habits.

Results

Cronbach's alpha of 18 items was .80. In factor analysis using principal components, 6 factors explained 65% of the total variance. The level of pregnancy nutrition knowledge was not sufficient but correlations between pregnancy nutrition knowledge and some of eating habits were significant. Specifically, pregnancy nutrition knowledge was positively correlated with good eating habits and negatively with bad eating habits.

Conclusion

The pregnancy nutrition knowledge scale developed in this study is acceptable for nutrition education led by nurses. Pregnancy nutrition knowledge and eating habits are considered as major variables for ante-natal nutrition education. In future studies, explorations are needed on dietary intake and physiological indices in pregnant women, comparison of women at risk with those not at risk, and development of nutritional education programs for pregnant women.

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