Hae-Jin Park; Hae Jung Lee; Soo Hyun Cho

doi:10.4040/jkan.2016.46.5.653

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Original Article
Influences of Oral Health Behaviors, Depression and Stress on Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women: Hae-Jin Park, Hae Jung Lee, Soo Hyun Cho; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2016;46(5):653-662.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.5.653
Published online: October 31, 2016

¹Division of Nursing, Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan·College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

³Dental Department, Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Lee, Hae Jung. College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-8344, Fax: +82-51-510-8308, haejung@pusan.ac.kr

• Received: February 17, 2016 • Revised: June 5, 2016 • Accepted: June 5, 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

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Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of oral health behaviors, depression, and stress on periodontal disease in pregnant women.
Methods
The participants in this study were 129 pregnant women. Data were collected using questionnaires which included individual characteristics, oral health care behaviors, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), a global measure of perceived stress, and pregnancy stress. A dentist measured periodontal probing depth and classified stages of periodontal disease according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression.
Results
Periodontal disease had significant correlations with oral health care behaviors (r=-.56, p <.001), perceived stress (r=.44 p <.001), pregnancy stress (r=.37 p <.001), diet (r=-.33, p <.001) and depression (r=.18 p =.046). Factors influencing periodontal disease for these pregnant women were being in the 2nd (β=.27, p <.001) or 3rd trimester (β=.45, p <.001), having a pregnancy induced disease (β=.20, p =.002), performing higher oral health behaviors (β=-.30, p <.001), and having higher perceived stress (β=.17, p =.028). The explanation power of this regression model was 61.6% (F=15.52, p <.001).
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicated that periodic assessment of periodontal disease is essential for pregnant women who are in 2nd or 3rd trimester and have pregnancy induced diseases. Enhancing oral health care behaviors and reducing perceived stress are indicated as effective strategies to reduce periodontal disease in pregnant women.
Keywords: Pregnant Women; Periodontal Diseases; Depression; Psychological Stress; Oral Health

This work was supported by a 2-Year Research Grant of Pusan National University.

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

REFERENCES

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Table 1

Differences in Periodontal Disease according to Individual Characteristics (N=129)

Table 2

Levels of Oral Health Behaviors, Psycho-Social Factors and Periodontal Disease (N=129)

CPI=Community Periodontal Index.

Table 3

Correlations between Oral Health Care Behaviors, Psycho-Social Factors, and Periodontal Disease (N=129)

*Periodontal probing depth (mm).

Table 4

Factors Influencing Periodontal Disease^† (N=129)

*Dummy variables; ^†Periodontal probing depth (mm).

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Influences of Oral Health Behaviors, Depression and Stress on Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2016;46(5):653-662. Published online October 31, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.5.653

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Influences of Oral Health Behaviors, Depression and Stress on Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women

Table 1

Differences in Periodontal Disease according to Individual Characteristics (N=129)

Table 2

Levels of Oral Health Behaviors, Psycho-Social Factors and Periodontal Disease (N=129)

CPI=Community Periodontal Index.

Table 3

Correlations between Oral Health Care Behaviors, Psycho-Social Factors, and Periodontal Disease (N=129)

*Periodontal probing depth (mm).

Table 4

Factors Influencing Periodontal Disease^† (N=129)

*Dummy variables; ^†Periodontal probing depth (mm).

Table 1 Differences in Periodontal Disease according to Individual Characteristics (N=129)

Table 2 Levels of Oral Health Behaviors, Psycho-Social Factors and Periodontal Disease (N=129)

CPI=Community Periodontal Index.

Table 3 Correlations between Oral Health Care Behaviors, Psycho-Social Factors, and Periodontal Disease (N=129)

*Periodontal probing depth (mm).

Table 4 Factors Influencing Periodontal Disease† (N=129)

*Dummy variables; ^†Periodontal probing depth (mm).