Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Development and Validation of the Nurse Needs Satisfaction Scale Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory: Kim, Hwa Jin , Shin, Sun Hwa; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(6):848-862. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20195

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to evaluate the needs satisfaction of nurses and examine its validity and reliability.
Methods
The initial items for the instrument were developed through a literature review and interviews, using the conceptual framework of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. The initial items were evaluated for content validity by 14 experts. Four hundred and eighty-six clinical nurses participated in this study through offline and online surveys to test the reliability and validity of the instrument. The first evaluation (n = 256) was used for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, and the second evaluation (n = 230) was used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis and to assess the criterion-related validity and internal consistency of the instrument. Test-retest reliability was analyzed using data from 30 nurses.
Results
The final instrument consisted of 30 items with two sub-factors for five needs that were identified through the confirmatory factor analysis. The criterion-related validity was established using the five need satisfaction measures (r = .56). Cronbach’s a for total items was .90, and test-retest reliability was .89.
Conclusion
The findings from this study indicate that this instrument has sufficient validity and reliability. This instrument can be used for the development of nursing interventions to improve the needs satisfaction of clinical nurses.

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6 Web of Science

Analysis of Subgroups with Lower Level of Patient Safety Perceptions Using Decision-Tree Analysis: Shin, Sun Hwa; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(5):686-698. Published online October 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20044

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was aimed to investigate experiences, perceptions, and educational needs related to patient safety and the factors affecting these perceptions.
Methods
Study design was a descriptive survey conducted in November 2019. A sample of 1,187 Koreans aged 20-80 years participated in the online survey. Based on previous research, the questionnaire used patient safety-related and educational requirement items, and the Patient Safety Perception Scale. Descriptive statistics and a decision tree analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0.
Results
The average patient safety perception was 71.71 (± 9.21). Approximately 95.9% of the participants reported a need for patient safety education, and 88.0% answered that they would participate in such education. The most influential factors in the group with low patient safety perceptions were the recognition of patient safety activities, age, preference of accredited hospitals, experience of patient safety problems, and willingness to participate in patient safety education.
Conclusion
It was confirmed that the vulnerable group for patient safety perception is not aware of patient safety activities and did not prefer an accredited hospital. To prevent patient safety accidents and establish a culture of patient safety, appropriate educational strategies must be provided to the general public.

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5 Web of Science

Transcultural Self-efficacy and Educational Needs for Cultural Competence in Nursing of Korean Nurses: Sun-Hee Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(1):102-113. Published online February 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.102

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was done to investigate the level of transcultural self-efficacy (TSE) and related factors and educational needs for cultural competence in nursing (CCN) of Korean hospital nurses.
Methods
A self-assessment instrument was used to measure TSE and educational needs for CCN. Questionnaires were completed by 285 nurses working in four Korean hospitals. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data.
Results
Mean TSE score for all items was 4.54 and score for mean CCN educational needs, 5.77. Nurses with master's degrees or higher had significantly higher levels of TSE than nurses with bachelor's degrees. TSE positively correlated with English language proficiency, degrees of interest in multi-culture, degree of experience in caring for multi-cultural clients, and educational needs for CCN. The regression model explained 28% of TSE. Factors affecting TSE were degree of interest in multi-culture, degree of experience in caring for multi-cultural clients, and educational needs for CCN.
Conclusion
The results of the study indicate a need for nurse educators to support nurses to strengthen TSE and provide educational program for TSE to provide nurses with strategies for raising interests in cultural diversity and successful experiences of cultural congruent care.

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Validation of a Needs Assessment Tool for Case Management in Korean Medical Aid Beneficiaries: Yang Heui Ahn, Eui Sook Kim, Ok Kyung Ham, Soo Hyun Kim, Soon Ok Kim, Myung Kyung Song; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(4):549-558. Published online August 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.4.549

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to validate the Needs Assessment Tool for Case Management (NATCM) for use with Korean medical aid beneficiaries.
Methods
Psychometric testing was performed with a sample of 645 Korean medical aid beneficiaries, which included 41 beneficiaries who were selected using proportional sampling method, to examine intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Data were evaluated using item analyses, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, and ICC.
Results
Through psychometric testing the final version of NATCM was found to consist of two subscales: 1) Appropriateness of Health Care Utilization (5 items) and 2) Self Care Ability (6 items). The two subscale model was validated by CFA (RMSEA=.08, GFI=.97, and CFI=.93). Internal consistency measured by Cronbach's alpha was .82, and subscale reliability ranged from .79 to .84. The ICC of the NATCM between case managers was .73 and between case managers and health care professionals. .82.
Conclusion
This study suggests that the final version of NATCM is a brief, reliable, and valid instrument to measure needs of Korean medical aid beneficiaries. Therefore, the NATCM can be effectively utilized as an important needs assessment as well as outcome evaluation tool for case management programs in Korea.

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Educational Needs Assessment on Research Ethics among Nursing Researchers: Ihn Sook Jeong, Mee Ock Gu, Keum Soon Kim, Kwang Ja Lee, Soo Yang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(4):515-523. Published online August 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.4.515

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the educational needs of research ethics among nursing researchers.
Methods
Convenience sample of 161 nursing professors and 262 master or doctoral nursing students participated in the study. Data was collected with self-reported questionnaire from June to August 2009, and analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS WIN (version 14.0).
Results
Among 161 nursing professors, about 31.7% has educated nursing ethics in the postgraduate course. The most common course was nursing research or methodology (62.7%), and median education time was 2 hr. Areas that showed difficulty in understanding was the conflict of interest and plagiarism for professors and falsification and fabrication for graduate students. Average knowledge on the research ethics was 75.4 points for professors and 61.6 points for students based on the 100 points.
Conclusion
Educational needs of research ethics among nursing professors and students in the postgraduate course was high. We recommend both basic and advanced research ethics educational programs for the nursing researchers. The basic course should be at least 6 hr and include various cases and something to discuss.

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