Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

Development and effects of a media-based reproductive health promotion program for male high school students at male high school: a quasi-experimental study: Joon-Young Lee, Yeoungsuk Song; J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):34-49. Published online February 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24050

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This quasi-experimental study was conducted to develop a media-based reproductive health promotion program (MRHPP) among male high school students and to evaluate its effectiveness.
Methods
The ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model) was used to develop the MRHPP based on Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. The research was conducted using a non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design (experimental group=23; control group=22). The program consisted of six sessions and was conducted twice a week. The participants were assessed through a pre-test, post-test immediately after training (post-test 1), and follow-up after 4 weeks (post-test 2) by using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Results
The analysis of the group-by-time interaction showed statistically significant differences in attitudes toward reproductive health behavior (RHB) (F=4.09, p=.049), subjective norms of RHB (F=5.31, p=.026), and intention to engage in RHB (F=3.78, p=.016). The effect sizes for attitudes, subjective norms, and intention to engage in RHB ranged from 0.75 (medium) to 1.02 (large) (p<.001) at post-test 1, and those for attitudes and subjective norms of RHB ranged from 0.36 (small) to 0.69 (medium) (p<.001) at post-test 2.
Conclusion
The MRHPP was demonstrated to be an effective intervention for promoting reproductive health behavior among male high school students.

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Factors Influencing Oncofertility in Gynecological Cancer Patients: Application of Mixed Methods Study: Kim, Minji , Ha, Juyoung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):418-431. Published online August 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23151

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to identify factors influencing oncofertility and to explore the oncofertility experiences of patients with gynecological cancer using quantitative and qualitative methods, respectively. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study was conducted. The quantitative study involved 222 patients with gynecological cancer recruited from online cafes and hospitals. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28. For qualitative research, eight patients with gynecological cancer were interviewed. Data were analyzed using theme analysis method. Results: Oncofertility performance was quantitatively assessed in 40 patients (18.0%). Factors that significantly affected oncofertility were fertility preservation awareness (odds ratio [OR] = 14.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.22~53.08), number of children planned before cancer diagnosis (OR = 6.08, 95% CI: 1.89~19.62; OR = 5.04, 95% CI: 1.56~16.29), monthly income (OR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.23~8.86), social support (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01~1.17), and anxiety (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66~0.95). Qualitative results showed three theme clusters and eight themes: (1) themes for determinant factors affecting oncofertility selection: ‘desire to have children’ and ‘special meaning of the uterus and ovaries;’ (2) themes for obstructive factors affecting oncofertility selection: ‘fertility preservation fall behind priorities,’ ‘confusion caused by inaccurate information,’ and ‘my choice was not supported;’ (3) themes for support factors affecting oncofertility selection: ‘provide accurate and reasonable information about oncofertility,’ ‘addressing the healthcare gap,’ and ‘need financial support for oncofertility.’ Conclusion: Financial support, sufficient information, social support, and anxiety-relief interventions are required for oncofertility in patients with gynecological cancer.

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The Reliability and Validity of Korean Version of the Infertility Stigma Scale (K-ISS): Kim, Miok , Ban, Minkyung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(6):582-597. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22068

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to translate the Infertility Stigma Scale (ISS) into Korean and to evaluate its reliability and validity in the Korean context.
Methods
Data were collected from 350 women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF). Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 25.0 and AMOS 22.0. Content validity was analyzed using the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index/averaging (S-CVI/Ave). The preliminary survey was conducted on 20 women who had experienced IVF at least once to check the level of understanding of the tool and the time required to fill out the questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test construct validity. Additionally, hypothesis-testing construct validity were tested. Cronbach’s α was used to assess the reliability.
Results
The Korean-ISS (K-ISS) consists of 25 items, excluding two items from the original ISS questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors, which explained 75.6% of the total variance. The four distinct factors were infertility stigma with self-devaluation (56.8%), public stigma (8.1%), social withdrawal (6.5%), and family stigma (4.2%). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the 25 items in the four-factor structure were validated (χ² /df ≤ 3, RMSEA ≤ 10). The hypothesis-testing construct validity of K-ISS against FPI (r = .58∼.71, p < .001) and FQI (r = - .49∼- .65, p < .001) was tested and found to be significant. The internal consistency reliability of the K-ISS, assessed using Cronbach’s α, was .97.
Conclusion
The K-ISS has satisfactory construct validity and reliability; therefore, it can help minimize the negative impact of stigma by measuring the stigma associated with women experiencing infertility.

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Predictive Model for Quality of Life of the Older Men Living Alone: Kim, Su Jin , Jeon, Gyeong-Suk; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(6):799-812. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20087

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to construct and test a predictive model that explains and predicts the quality of life in older men living alone.
Methods
A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 334 older adult men living along aged 65 years or over living in Jeollanam-do provinces. The endogenous variables were depression, self-rated health, instrumental activity of daily life, health promotion behaviors, the number of social participation activities and quality of life. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs.
Results
The final model with 14 of the 8 analysed paths showed a good fit to the empiri cal data: χ²= 173.26(p < .001, df = 53),normed χ²= 3.27, GFI = .92, NFI = .90, CFI = .93, TLI = .89, RMSEA = .08 and SRMR = .06. Activities had direct effect on quality of life of older men living alone and social support had both direct and indirect effects. Meanwhile, function and socioeconomic status showed only indirect effects.The variables included in the eight significant paths explained 83.7% of variance in the prediction model.
Conclusion
Instrumental activities of daily living and social support effect directly on quality of life in the older men living alone. Findings suggest that health care providers including community nurses need to provide social support as well as empowerment programs of instrumental activities of daily living and health promotion for improving quality of life of the older men living alone.

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Changes in the health status and health-related quality of life of community-dwelling older adults living alone: one-year follow-up from a cohort study
Hana Ko, Belong Cho, Kyung-Choon Lim, Soong-Nang Jang, Sun Ju Chang, Yu Mi Yi, Hye Ryung Cho, So Im Ryu, Eun-Young Noh, Yeon-Hwan Park
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Influencing factors on self-care of older adults living alone in a community during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study
Heeyoung Woo, Minkyung Gu
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2023; 25(1): 1. CrossRef
A novel nomogram to stratify quality of life among advanced cancer patients with spinal metastatic disease after examining demographics, dietary habits, therapeutic interventions, and mental health status
Yue Li, Ze Long, Xiuju Wang, Mingxing Lei, Chunzi Liu, Xiaolin Shi, Yaosheng Liu
BMC Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Associated Factors with Health-related Quality of Life among Older Adults with Diabetes in Korea
Eun-Kyung Lee, Sun-Young Jung
The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2022; 25(2): 61. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Development of a Coping Scale for Infertility-Women (CSI-W): Kim, Miok , Ko, Jung-Mi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(5):671-685. Published online October 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20038

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a Coping Scale for Infertility-Women (CSI-W).
Methods
The initial items were based on an extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with seven infertile women. Forty-three items were derived from a pilot survey. Data were collected from 216 women who had experienced intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) more than once. The data were analyzed to verify the reliability and validity of the scale.
Results
Seven factors containing 28 items (four factors containing 17 items for active coping and three factors containing 11 items for passive coping) were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis to verify the construct validity. The four factors of active coping were confrontation, self-control, seeking social support (spouse), and seeking social support (colleagues and experts). The three factors of passive coping were distancing, escape, and avoidance. These items were verified through convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity testing. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (active coping: Cronbach’s a = .78; passive coping: Cronbach’s a = .81).
Conclusion
As its validity and reliability have been verified through various methods, the CSI-W can contribute to assessing the coping strategies of infertile women.

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Factors Influencing the Intention for Continual Fertility Treatments by the Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology Procedures: A Cross-Sectional Study
Miok Kim, Minkyung Kim, Minkyung Ban
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(1): 59. CrossRef
Design and psychometric evaluation of the collaborative coping with infertility questionnaire in candidate of assisted reproductive techniques
Marzie Reisi, Ashraf Kazemi
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Types and Characteristics of Stress Coping in Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment in Korea
Yumi Choi, So-Hyun Moon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(3): 2648. CrossRef

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Latent Class Analysis for Health-Related Quality of Life in the Middle-Aged Male in South Korea: Youngsuk Cho, Dong Moon Yeum; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(1):104-112. Published online February 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.1.104

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study aimed to identify types of quality of life (QoL) based on the 5 dimensions of EQ-5D and predict factors affecting types of QoL.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis using data from the Korean Health Panel Survey- II(2012). Participants were 2,071 middle-aged men who had completed the additional survey in 2012 and the data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and Mplus 5.21 for latent analysis.

Results

Three latent classes of QoL were identified: serious (2.4% of the sample), threatened (15.5%), and stable types (82.0%). The types and characteristics of QoL among the latent classes differed. On comparing latent type 1 with latent type 2, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), employment status (p<.05), and subjective health status (p<.001) were found to be significant. On comparing latent type 1 with latent type 3, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), current smoking status (p<.001), and subjective health status (p<.001) were found to be significant. On comparing latent type 2 with latent type 3, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), subjective health status (p<.001), stress (p<.001) were found to be significant.

Conclusion

The results showed significant heterogeneity in types of QoL and the predictors of QoL by types were different. These findings provide basic information for developing nursing interventions to improve QoL. Specific characteristics depending on the subtypes should be considered during the development of interventions.

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Heterogeneity and associated factors of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome health behaviors: a latent class analysis
Ying liu, Yunmei Guo, Rui Ding, Xin Yan, Huiwen Tan, Xueting Wang, Yousha Wang, LianHong Wang
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Men and Women Aged ≥50 Years
Goeun Chung, Hye-Sun Jung, Hye-Jin Kim
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2021; 19(3): 159. CrossRef
Health related quality of life in patient with type 2 diabetes: The role of household food insecurity on latent class membership
Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Masoudreza Sohrabi, Kamyar Mansori, Ali Gholami
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2020; 14(4): 473. CrossRef
Analysis of the Types and Affecting Factors of Older People's Health-related Quality of Life, Using Latent Class Analysis
Sun-Hee Jang, Dong-Moon Yeum
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2020; 31(2): 212. CrossRef

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Differences in Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms between Urban and Rural Female Adolescents in Korea: Gyuyoung Lee, Ok Kyung Ham, Bo Gyeong Lee, Abuan Micah Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(4):475-484. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.4.475

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

To examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and differentiate factors associated with them in urban and rural areas by applying the Ecological Models of Health Behavior.

Methods

We employed a cross-sectional design and convenience sample of 460 female adolescents. The instruments included the Adolescent Mental-Health Problem-Behavior Questionnaire (AMPQ-II) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Results

Depressive symptoms were confirmed in 15.7% of urban adolescents and 22.9% of rural adolescents (p<.05). In the urban group, perception of health and stress associated with school performance were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. In the rural group, aca-demic/internet related problems and rule violations were significantly associated with depressive symptoms (p<.05). General life happiness, worry/ anxiety, and mood/suicidal ideation were common factors in both urban and rural areas (p<.05).

Conclusion

Multiple factors were associated with depressive symptoms, and those significant factors differed between urban and rural female youths. Accordingly, tailored approaches are required considering urban and rural differences. The approaches should include intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational levels of interventions.

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Tyler R. Pritchard, Jennifer L. Buckle, Kristel Thomassin, Stephen P. Lewis
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Ji-An Jeong, Sun A Kim, Jung Ho Yang, Min-Ho Shin
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Urbanicity and depression: A global meta-analysis
Colin Xu, Lucille Miao, Devon Turner, Robert DeRubeis
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Short Video-Based Mental Health Intervention for Depressive Symptoms in Junior High School Students: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
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Association between mental health and executive dysfunction and the moderating effect of urban–rural subpopulation in general adolescents from Shangrao, China: a population-based cross-sectional study
Qingmin Lin, Cody Abbey, Yunting Zhang, Guanghai Wang, Jinkui Lu, Sarah-Eve Dill, Qi Jiang, M K Singh, Xinshu She, Huan Wang, Scott Rozelle, Fan Jiang
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Factors Affecting Obesity in Urban and Rural Adolescents: Demographic, Socioeconomic Characteristics, Health Behavior and Health Education
Gyu-Young Lee, Youn-Joo Um
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Guo Li, Junhua Mei, Jing You, Jinfeng Miao, Xiaoyan Song, Wenzhe Sun, Yan Lan, Xiuli Qiu, Zhou Zhu
BMC Psychiatry.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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The Recovery Process of Alcohol Dependent Men Living in a Therapeutic Community: Sungye Kang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(2):267-276. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.267

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the recovering process of men who had abused alcohol and has lived in a therapeutic community.

Methods

Individual in-depth interviews were used to collect data from 10 of these men who has lived in the therapeutic community for more than one year. Qualitative data from field notes and transcribed notes were analyzed using the grounded theory methodology developed by Strauss and Corbin.

Results

The core category about the recovering process of the men who had abused alcohol and are now in the therapeutic community was identified as “reconstructing a broken life”. The recovering process of these men in the therapeutic community consisted of four phases; ‘self-awareness stage’, ‘unfreezing stage’, ‘readjustment stage’, and ‘challenging stage’.

Conclusion

In this study “reconstructing a broken life”, as the core category vividly showed joys and sorrows of men who had abused alcohol and has lived in the recovering process of managing the yoke of life-long disease. In this process of recovery from alcoholic dependence the men gradually adjusted themselves to their given condition. Also they gained coping strategies to care for, and protect themselves. Therefore health care providers can establish supportive programs in the clinical field to empower these men by reflecting their proactive coping strategies.

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Life transformation: a meta-synthesis of recovery from alcohol addiction
Jandi Kim, Youjin Shin, Byunghee Kim, Sungjae Kim
Addiction Research & Theory.2021; 29(5): 372. CrossRef
Stress and Coping of Recovering Alcoholics in Communities
Jaewon Joung, KyungIm Kang
Stress.2019; 27(3): 277. CrossRef

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A Structural Model for Premenstrual Coping in University Students: Based on Biopsychosocial Model: Myung-Ock Chae, Hae Ok Jeon, Ahrin Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(2):257-266. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.257

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aims of this study were to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains premenstrual coping in university students and to test the fitness with collected data.

Methods

Participants were 206 unmarried women university students from 3 universities in A and B cities. Data were collected from March 29 until April 30, 2016 using self-report structured questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 18.0.

Results

Physiological factor was identified as a significant predictor of premenstrual syndrome (t=6.45, p<.001). This model explained 22.1% of the variance in premenstrual syndrome. Psychological factors (t=-2.49, p=.013) and premenstrual syndrome (t=8.17, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of premenstrual coping. Also this model explained 30.9% of the variance in premenstrual coping in university students. A physiological factors directly influenced premenstrual syndrome (β=.41, p=.012). Premenstrual syndrome (β=.55, p=.005) and physiological factor (β=.23, p=.015) had significant total effects on premenstrual coping. Physiological factor did not have a direct influence on premenstrual coping, but indirectly affected it (β=.22, p=.007). Psychological factors did not have an indirect or total effect on premenstrual coping, but directly affected it (β=-.17, p=.036).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that strategies to control physiological factors such as menstrual pain should be helpful to improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms. When developing a program to improve premenstrual coping ability and quality of menstrual related health, it is important to consider psychological factors including perceived stress and menstrual attitude and premenstrual syndrome.

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Investigation of coping behaviors and premenstrual syndrome among university students
Özlem Akın, Nülüfer Erbil
Current Psychology.2024; 43(2): 1685. CrossRef
Investigating influencing factors on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among female college students
Su Jeong Yi, Miok Kim, Ina Park
BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Sleep Pattern, Stress, Menstrual Attitude, and Behavior That Reduces Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescents
Hye Jin Kim, So Young Choi, Haeyoung Min
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 423. CrossRef

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The Effects of Exercise Program on Fatigue, Perceived Health State, Exercise-related Affect, Perceived benefits, and Self-Efficacy: From the samples of female college students: Eun Sook Choi, Mi Ra Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(6):1254-1262. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.6.1254

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 6-wk low intensity exercise program on fatigue, perceived health state, exercise-related affect, perceived benefits, and exercise self-efficacy for female college student's. The subjects of the study consisted of thirty-four female college students. The research subjects were assigned to experimental and control group. The experimental group participated in 13-17 and 30-60 minute sesseions of exercise program over 6 weeks. Data analysis was done by t-test with SAS program. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The first hypothesis, "The fatigue of experimental group will be lower than control group", was supported. 2) The second hypothesis, "The perceived health state of experimental group will be higher than control group", was not supported. 3) The third hypothesis, "The exercise-related affect of experimental group will be higher than control group", was not supported. 4) The fourth hypothesis, "The benefits of exercise of experimental group will be higher than control group", was not supported. 5) The fifth hypothesis, "The self-efficacy for exercise of experimental group will be higher than control group", was supported.

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Effects of a Health Education Program based on Social Cognitive Theory on the Health Promotion of University Students with Metabolic Syndrome
Hee-Gerl Kim, Jinhwa Lee, Jiyun Kim, Hyunju Park, Hyun Sook Oh, Won Jae Lee, Eun Aae Kim, Hye Kyung Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(4): 451. CrossRef

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The Study on Predictors of Depression for Korean Female Adolescents: Hyun Sook Park, Hyun Young Koo, Eun Hee Jang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(5):715-723. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.5.715

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purposes of this study were 1) to compare the contribution of demographic-behavioral variables and psychological variables in explaining the variance of depression, 2) identify the most important predictors of depression for Korean female adolescents.

Method

The participants were 840 female adolescents. Data was collected through self-report questionnaires, which were constructed to include demographicbehavioral factors, self-esteem, hostility, hopelessness, and depression. Data was analyzed using the SPSS program.

Result

Female adolescents' demographicbehavioral variables explained 17% of the variance in depression, and perceived physical health status, history of physical abuse, smoking, satisfaction of body weight, parental alcohol abuse, parental divorce, and history of suicidal attempt were the significant predictors of depression for female adolescents. Psychological variables explained 50% of the variance in depression, and self-esteem, hostility, and hopelessness were the significant predictors of depression for female adolescents. The significant predictors of depression among female adolescents' demographicbehavioral variables and psychological variables were self-esteem, hostility, hopelessness, perceived physical health status, parental alcohol problem, and history of physical abuse, explaining 52% of the variance in depression.

Conclusion

In order to reduce depression in female adolescents, it is necessary to design an intervention program that emphasizes improving self-esteem while reducing hostility and hopelessness.

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Validity and Reliability of the Sense of Coherence Scale among Korean Adolescents with Chronic Diseases
Sung-Hyun Lim, Won-Oak Oh, In Sun Yeom
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2021; 61: e22. CrossRef
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Yooli Lim, Bongseog Kim
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A Study on Health-related Quality of Life, Smoking Knowledge, Smoking Attitude, and Smoking Cessation Intention in Male Smokers: Myoung Sook Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(2):344-352. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.2.344

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to examine the relationship among health-related quality of life, smoking knowledge, smoking attitude, and smoking cessation intention in male smokers.

Method

The subjects were 259 male smokers in J city. The data was collected using structured questionnaires from Nov. to Dec. of 2003. The data was analyzed by the SPSS (ver.10.0)computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression.

Result

The smoking cessation intention had a significant positive correlation among health-related quality of life (r=.159), smoking knowledge (r=.161), and smoking attitude (r=.127). These variables account for 26.8% of smoking cessation intention.

Conclusion

These results suggested that the smoking cessation program to enhance the health-related quality of life, smoking knowledge, and smoking cessation intention and to increase a negative influence on smoking attitude need to be developed. Therefore, these findings give useful information for constructing a smoking cessation program in male smokers.

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Jeong-Woon Yeon, Hyeongsu Kim, Kunsei Lee, Sounghoon Chang, Heejung Choi, Eunmi Ham, Jun Pyo Myong
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Commercial Sex Workers'Condom Use Behavior in Korea: Surin Shin, Hee Sun Kang, Soon Bok Chang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(8):1477-1482. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.8.1477

Abstract PDF

Purpose

With the continuous spread of the AIDS virus and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) throughout Asia, it has become imperative for HIV/AIDS prevention outreach programs to stress the need for using prophylactics as one form of protection. This is particularly true for commercial sex workers. This pilot study was conducted to investigate the rate of condom use among the commercial sex workers in Korea and reasons why they frequently do not wear condoms during sexual intercourse.

Methods

Fifty female commercial sex workers who worked in the Yong San area were recruited while outreach was performed and forty eight responses were analyzed due to two incomplete questionnaires. The data were collected on June 28, 2004 as part of an outreach program for condom use promotion.

Results

The subjects ranged in age from 21 to 45 years. Nearly half of the subjects (47.9%) did not consistently use condoms. The major reason for not using protection was clients'reluctances for using condoms. When condoms were used, the subjects preferred lubricant-rich and less painful condom during intercourse.

Conclusion

Due to the inconsistent use of condoms, it is clear that many commercial sex workers and clients are susceptible to sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, it is important to not only educate commercial sex workers, but also to educate their pimps and clientele about the importance of condom use. In general, it is recommended that practical strategies and a policy for condom use promotion be developed.

Citations

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Characteristics of Individuals Seeking Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV Infection in South Korea
Su-Rin Shin, Hee Sun Kang, Linda Moneyham
Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.2007; 18(5): 27. CrossRef

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A Study on the Variables Forecasting Male Adolescents' Sexual Intercourse: Kyung Hee Kim, Hye Jin Kwon, Hae Kyung Chung; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(6):954-963. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.6.954

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was designed to identify the variables affecting male adolescents' sexual intercourse through a comprehensive analysis of individual and environmental factors.

Method

The subjects of this descriptive survey on causal relations were 462 subjects enrolled in liberal and vocational high schools selected on a convenience sampling basis. The data collected from May-July 2002 was put to logistic regression analysis to build a forecast model. Findings: 1) Individual factors such as school record, experience seeking, non-inhibition and sexual permissiveness, 2) family factors such as parental living arrangement, 3) school factorssuch as career tract and 4) peer factors such as having a boy/girl friend were identified as significant variables forecasting sexual intercourse.

Conclusion and Recommendation

The theoretical model built on the basis of the major findings of this study will hopefully help promote a wholesome youth culture related to sexual intercourse.It is recommended that a program be developed that can help control the variables identified in this study along with a follow-up study to verify the model.

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Jae Yop Kim, Sunah Choi, Lim Jeong Su
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Gyu Young Lee, Da Ye Lee
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Nan-Hee Yee, Joon-Sig Jung, Hyea-Suk Song
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Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Experience of Adolescents in Korea
Gyuyoung Lee
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Hyun Sik Kim
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Jung Ok Yu, Hyun Hee Kim, Jung Soon Kim
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Predictors of Sexual Intercourse Among Korean Adolescents
Eunjung Ryu, Kyunghee Kim, Hyejin Kwon
Journal of School Health.2007; 77(9): 615. CrossRef

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The Male Nurses' Experiences of Adaptation in Clinical Setting: Haeng Mi Son, Moon Hee Koh, Chun Mi Kim, Jin Ha Moon, Myung Sun Yi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(1):17-25. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.1.17

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identified the male nurses' encounter in adapting themselves in the hospital settings dominated by the female nurses in number.

Method

Data were collected through the in-depth interview of 16 male nurses and analysed through the grounded theory methodology.

Result

The behaviors of male nurses for job-adaptation can be summarized as a series of struggles to consolidate their own ground. They have made tremendous efforts to hold their own ground in the nursing profession composed of a large numbers of female nurses, while they have experienced many difficulties and problems as minorities. They have struggled to adapt themselves professionally through efforts such as; challenging the social and professional barriers, identifying the job identity, empowering themselves through self-development and dedication, expanding their influence among colleagues. In spite of these efforts, they had the perception that nursing is not a lifelong occupation for them. Thus, they had tendency to find outlets of change to occupations.

Conclusion

A specific strategy is needed to provide an environment that is helpful for males in integrating into and adapting to the nursing profession.

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Turnover Experience of Male Nurses: Hyunsu Kim, Jeongseop Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(1):25-38. Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.1.25

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify turnover experiences of men in nursing and to derive a substantive theory on the turnover experience of men who are nurses.

Methods

Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 13 men who had worked as a nurse for 1 year or more, and had a turnover experience during that period. Collected data were analyzed on the basis of Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory.

Results

The core category in the turnover experiences of the respondents was ‘seeking a stable place for me’. In the analysis of the core category, types of ‘contentment’, ‘seeking’, ‘survival’ and ‘confusion’ were identified. The sequential stages of these nurses’ turnover experience were ‘confrontation’, ‘incertitude’, ‘retrying’ and ‘realization’. However, when a problem arose in the process, they returned to the stage of confusion. Thus, these stages could occur in a circular fashion.

Conclusion

These findings provide a deep understanding of the turnover experience of men in nursing and offers new information about how they adapt to nursing practice. The findings should be useful as foundational data for men who hope to become nurses and also for managers responsible for nurses who are men.

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The Relationships among Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV), Non-Pharmacological Coping Methods, and Nutritional Status in Patients with Gynecologic Cancer: Haerim Lee, Smi Choi-Kwon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(6):731-743. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.6.731

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can cause severe malnutrition. However, relationships between CINV levels, nonpharmacological coping methods, and nutritional status of female cancer patients have rarely been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze their relationships in gynecologic cancer patients.

Methods

Participants receiving a highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy were recruited. The level of CINV was assessed using a numeric rating scale. Coping methods were determined using multiple-choice self-report questionnaires and categorized into seven types for statistical analysis. Nutritional status was evaluated using biochemical and anthropometric parameters.

Results

Among all the 485 patients, 200 eligible inpatients were included. Despite the administration of prophylactic antiemetics, 157 patients (78.5%) still experienced CINV, and several used nonmedically recommended coping methods, such as just enduring the symptom or rejecting food intake. A total of 181 patients (90.5%) had nutritional disorders. Although the level of CINV was indirectly related to the occurrence of nutritional disorders, patients who rejected food (b=1.57, p=.023) and did not use physical measures (b= -1.23, p=.041) as coping methods were under the high risk of nutritional disorders.

Conclusion

Korean gynecologic cancer patients had high levels of CINV and were at high risk of nutritional disorders, which may be related to the use of nonscientific coping methods, possibly due to cultural backgrounds and lack of proper nutritional program. Therefore, developing a culturally appropriate educational program for the cancer patients with CINV is urgently needed.

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Nayeon Shin, Jummi Park
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Effect of Smartphone Apps Applying BodyThink Program on Obesity in Adolescent Girls: Min-Kyung Jun, Ju-Young Ha; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(3):390-399. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.390

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of smartphone apps applying BodyThink program on BMI, percentage of body fat, skeletal muscle rate, body image, and self-esteem of adolescent girls.

Methods

Sixty-eight high school girls with a BMI of over 25kg/m² were recruited to participate in this study. Girls from four schools were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which used the smartphone apps applying BodyThink program, and the control group, which used smartphone apps and small group counseling. The experimental group received the BodyThink program 6 times, scheduled once a week, with each session lasting 40~50 minutes. Test measures were completed before and after the 6 week intervention period for all participants. Collected data was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test, descriptive statistics, χ² test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.

Results

The girls in the experimental group significantly improved their results in BMI(Z=-1.67, p=.042), percentage of body fat (Z=-3.01, p=.001), skeletal muscle rate (t=-3.50, p<.001), and self-esteem (t=2.66, p=.005) after the program, compared to the girls in the control group.

Conclusion

Mobile applications applying psychological and emotional intervention programs have the potential to be effective alternative methods to improve the body composition and self-esteem of obese adolescent girls.

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Effects of a School-based Intervention Program for Middle School Adolescent Girls with Depression: As Part of the School Health Services: Kyung Mi Sung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(7):984-991. Published online December 12, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.7.984

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based intervention program for middle school adolescent girls with depression.

Methods

The study was a pretest–posttest repeated-measure design with a nonequivalent control group. Fifty eight students with depressive symptoms were recruited from two middle schools in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from the intervention (n= 30) and the comparison group (n= 28). The research instrument was Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale.

Results

The intervention group greatly improved from baseline to 10 weeks and then saw a slight positive change between 10 and 13 weeks.

Conclusion

The results of this research show that depression intervention programs are effective for young female adolescents. Thus the investigation has important school-based treatment implications, and should be integrated into school curriculums by school health nurses for early intervention of depressive symptoms in middle school adolescent girls.

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Homebound status and Related Factors According to Age in Female Elders in the Community: Kyungwon Choi, EunA Park, In-Sook Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(2):291-301. Published online April 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.291

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate homebound status and significant related factors for community-dwelling female elders according to age.

Methods

The participants were female elders over 65 years of age registered in public health centers. Data were collected by interviewing the elders, who voluntarily completed the entire survey. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 18.0.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in homeboundness and related factors between the young-old (65 to 74 years of age) and the old-old (75 years of age or older). The level of homeboundness of the old-old was higher than that of the young-old. Multiple logistic regression showed, timed "up and go", depression, and fear of falling as significantly associated with homebound status of the young-old, while hand grip strength (right), timed "up and go", static balance ability, severity of urinary incontinence, and fear of falling as significant for the old-old.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that homebound status and related factors for elders are different according to age, and therefore, interventions to prevent and help homebound elders get over being homebound should be developed according to age.

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Factors Affecting Eating Attitude of Female Undergraduates in Regard to BMI: Young-Hee Yom, Kyu Eun Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(5):676-685. Published online October 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.5.676

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting eating attitude of female undergraduates according to BMI.

Methods

A descriptive survey design with a convenience sampling was used and data collection was done using a self-report questionnaire answered by 406 female undergraduates from four universities located in Seoul, Kangwon, Gyeongsangbuk and Chungcheongnam Provinces. ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchial multiple regression were used the SPSS WIN 17.0 Program to analyze the data.

Results

With respect to BMI, the students were found to be in 3 groups, whose differences in eating attitude were significant. Eating attitude had significant positive correlation with height (r=.118, p=.017), weight (r=.267, p<.000), BMI (r=.239, p<.001), and depression (r=.375, p<.001), and negative correlation with subjective well-being (r=-.153, p=.002) and body esteem (r=-.287, p<.001). In the hierarchial multiple regression analysis, college major, height, weight and religion, were controlled. Depression and body esteem regarding weight significantly predicted 40.7% of eating attitude for the underweight group and normal weight group, body esteem: weight and depression were significant predictors for 27.5% of eating attitude for the normal weight group. Body esteem: weight explained 32.6% of eating attitude for the overweight group.

Conclusion

Findings of this study allow a comprehensive understanding of eating attitudes and related factors among female undergraduates in Korea. Further study with a larger random sample from various universities is necessary.

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Factors Affecting Health-related Quality of Life in Women Undergraduates
Bo-Kyoung Cha
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2013; 20(4): 400. CrossRef
Menstruation and the Variability of Food Intake in Female College Students
Soohwa Kang, Youngmee Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(6): 577. CrossRef
Self-reported Realities of Health Behavior of Undergraduate Students After Web-based Health Promotion Education: Qualitative Content Analysis
Joo Hyun Kim, Eun Young Park, Kyung Choon Lim
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Youn-Jung Son, GiYon Kim
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Influences of Body Mass Index, Mindfulness and Self-esteem on the Body Image among University Students
Young-Mee Lee
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Predictors of Sexual Desire, Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, Satisfaction, and Pain in Women with Gynecologic Cancer: Nami Chun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(1):24-32. Published online February 28, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.1.24

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to identify psychosocial factors that might be predictive of sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain in women with gynecologic cancer.

Methods

Two hundred and twelve women with cervical, ovarian, or endometrial cancer completed questionnaires on the Female Sexual Function Index including sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain, and data on their psychosocial factors including body image, sexual attitude, sexual information, depression, and marital intimacy. Stepwise multivariable regression analysis was performed to explore psychosocial predictors of women's sexual function domains.

Results

Predictors were identified as sexual attitude, depression, sexual information, and body image for sexual desire; sexual information, depression, and sexual attitude for sexual arousal; sexual information, marital intimacy, and depression for lubrication; sexual information, marital intimacy, depression, and body image for orgasm; marital intimacy, sexual information, sexual attitude, and depression for satisfaction; sexual information, depression, and marital intimacy for pain.

Conclusion

The results indicate that women's sexual function needs to be approached to domains of female sexual function psychosocially as well as to general sexual function. These factors should be considered in future interventions to positively promote sexual function in women with gynecologic cancer.

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Effects of Prevention Education on Human Papillomavirus linked to Cervix Cancer for Unmarried Female University Students: Hae Won Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(4):490-498. Published online August 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.4.490

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to identify the effects of a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) linked to cervix cancer prevention education program for unmarried university female students. A new model in the cervix cancer prevention is provided.

Methods

The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Participants were 63 female students in one of two university in an experimental group (29 students) and control group (34 students). After 4 weeks education, the differences between the two groups in the measurement variables were compared. Twelve weeks later, a follow-up test was done for experimental group only.

Results

After the education, experimental group showed significantly higher scores in all variables, the intention for Pap test (Z=-3.73, p<.001), intention for HPV vaccination (Z=-3.14, p=.002), general cancer prevention behavior (Z=-2.20, p=.028), attitudes to Pap (Z=-3.23, p=.001), benefits of cancer prevention behavior (Z=-3.97, p<.001), and HPV linked to cervix cancer knowledge (Z=-5.40, p<.001). In the follow-up study, the experimental group showed intermediate effects in intention for Pap test, intention of HPV vaccination and HPV linked to cervix cancer knowledge as well as short term effects in general cancer prevention behavior, attitudes to Pap and benefits of cancer prevention behavior.

Conclusion

The program developed for this study on prevention education of HPV linked to cervix cancer was effective for unmarried university students in the short term and intermediate duration. Other educational approaches should be developed and short term effects and longitudinal changes of the education should be assessed. This education program should also be replicated for other female groups including unmarried working women or female adolescents.

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Eun-Jeoung Kim, Su Hyun Kim, Hyang-In Cho Chung, Young A Kim
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Menstrual Attitudes and Maternal Child Rearing Attitudes in Middle School Female Students: Kyoung Ja Hong, Hae Won Kim, Hye Young Ahn; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(5):748-757. Published online October 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.5.748

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This correlational study was performed to identify the impacts of maternal child rearing attitudes on the menstrual attitudes and the determinants of positive menstrual attitudes in female middle school students.

Methods

With convenience sampling, 198 middle school female students were recruited living in one major city and its surrounding areas in Korea. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire including menstrual attitudes and maternal child rearing attitudes from April 1 to July 15, 2008.

Results

Among the Maternal child rearing attitudes, affectionate, achievement oriented and rational attitudes had positive correlations to a positive menstrual attitude, and an autonomous attitude had a negative correlation to a negative menstrual attitude. As determinants of positive menstrual attitudes, feeling of menarche, mother's response at first menstruation, and rational maternal child rearing attitudes were delineated and their explained variance for a positive menstrual attitude was 18.5%. There was no difference on menstrual attitudes by K clustering in terms of maternal child rearing attitudes.

Conclusion

These results support the critical role of the mother. Especially desirable maternal child rearing attitudes in relation to a positive menstrual attitude would be affectionate, achievement oriented and rational for early adolescent girls. In further studies, considerations are needed for menstruation related education and research for early adolescents and active involvement of the mother & daughter together.

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Effect of Early Menarche on Sexual Experience among Korean High School Girls
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Bo-Yoon Choi, Duk-Chul Lee, Eun-Hye Chun, Jee-Yon Lee
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2014; 35(4): 207. CrossRef
Emotional Reaction to Menarche, Support to Menarche, Children-Parents Communication and Menstrual Attitude in Middle School Female Students
Cho Hun Ha, kim ji eun
JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH.2012; 16(2): 238. CrossRef

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Types of Anger Expression in Adolescent Women - A Q-Methodological Approach -: So-Hyun Moon, Young-Joo Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(4):522-532. Published online August 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.4.522

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the types of anger expression in adolescent women.
Methods
The Q-Methodology which provides a method of analyzing the individual's subjectivity was used. The 32 subjects classified 50 selected Q-statements on a 9 point scale to make a normal distribution. The collected data was analyzed by a PC-QUANL program.
Results
Five types of anger expression in adolescent women were identified. Type I: Direct attacking expression type, Type II: Mature consideration type, Type III: Passive indirect expression type, Type IV: Avoidance conversion type, and Type V: Expression control type.
Conclusion
This study revealed that different approaches of nursing intervention strategies are recommended based on the five types of anger expression and their characteristics.

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