1경일대학교 간호대학
2경북대학교 간호대학
1College of Nursing, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, Korea
2College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
© 2025 Korean Society of Nursing Science
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.
Conflicts of Interest
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Acknowledgements
This manuscript is a condensed form of the first author’s doctoral dissertation from Kyungpook National University, 2022. This work was presented at the Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education Conference, 12, 2023, Seoul, Korea.
Data Sharing Statement
Please contact the corresponding author for data availability.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization or/and Methodology: JYL, YS. Data curation or/and Analysis: JYL, YS. Funding acquisition: none. Investigation: JYL. Project administration or/and Supervision: JYL, YS. Resources or/and Software: JYL, YS. Validation: JYL, YS. Visualization: JYL, YS. Writing original draft or/and Review & Editing: JYL, YS. Final approval of the manuscript: JYL, YS.
Worksheet 1 involved “writing my thoughts”; Worksheet 2 related to “thinking about another’s perspective”; Worksheet 3 dealt with “writing my resolutions.”
Ad, advertisement; A-RHB, attitudes toward reproductive health behavior; CF, commercial film; C-RHB, perceived behavioral control over reproductive health behavior; I-RHB, intention to engage in reproductive health behavior; MRHPP, media-based reproductive health promotion program; N-RHB, subjective norms of reproductive health behavior; PPT, PowerPoint; TPB, theory of planned behavior.
Session | MRHPP-composition | Main theme, contents, and activities | Strategies TPB | Time (min) | Methods & materials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | General health care | Theme 1: Sexual development and sexual urges in adolescents | |||
Introducing the purpose, content, and method of the program. rapport | A-RHB | 5 | Brainstorming, PPT, post-it | ||
Sexual curiosity, habits of searching for sexual information | A-RHB | 2 | Media (YouTube) | ||
- Watching media [YouTube: male sexual development] | |||||
- Exploring regular habits of searching for sexual information | A-RHB | 13 | Smart-phone, pair discussion, worksheet 1 | ||
- Evaluating the usefulness of related search terms about sex | |||||
Understanding sexual desire (sexual urges) | N-RHB | 15 | Media (YouTube), PPT | ||
- Watching media [YouTube: If an erection were a person] | |||||
- Discussing factors that stimulate sexual desire with a partner | N-RHB | 10 | Pair discussion, presentation, worksheets 2 and 3 | ||
- Planning to manage sexual desire | C-RHB | ||||
Wrap-up and preview of next lesson | 5 | Self-checklist | |||
2 | General health care/safe sexual practices | Theme 2: Sexual culture and reproductive health culture in mass media | |||
Listening to music (provocative song) and guessing the music title | A-RHB | 5 | Music, PPT | ||
- Listening to music [Music: New face, PSY] | |||||
Critical thinking on the distorted sexual culture in mass media. | A-RHB | 20 | Smart-phone, group discussion, worksheets 1 and 2 | ||
- Incorrect and correct aspects of sexual culture. | A-RHB | ||||
- Sexual culture in mass media and my reproductive health | N-RHB | ||||
Searching media about useful reproductive health information | 20 | Smart-phone, group discussion, presentation, worksheets 2 and 3 | |||
- Planning to create a healthy reproductive culture | N-RHB | ||||
Deciding on reproductive health behaviors | C-RHB | ||||
Wrap-up and preview of next lesson | 5 | Self-checklist | |||
3 | Safe sexual practices/responsibility in sexual behavior | Theme 3: Responsible behavior in adolescent romantic relationships | |||
Watching teenage physical affection in the media | 5 | Media (drama) | |||
- Watching media [drama: School 2017] | |||||
- Searching and discussing physical affection in the media | N-RHB | 20 | Smart-phone, pair and group discussion, worksheets 1, 2, and 3, PPT | ||
- Sharing personal experiences of romantic relationships | A-RHB | ||||
- Making proper etiquette in romantic relationships | C-RHB | ||||
Discussion about teenage relationships after watching media depictions | N-RHB | 10 | Media (drama, YouTube), group discussion, presentation, worksheets 2 and 3 | ||
- Watching media [drama: Heard it through the grapevine] | |||||
- Creating my own standards for physical affection | C-RHB | 10 | |||
Wrap-up and preview of next lesson | 5 | Self-checklist | |||
4 | Safe sexual practices/responsibility in sexual behavior | Theme 4: Teenage pregnancy and my own family planning | |||
Watching videos about healthy pregnancy and childbirth | 7 | Media, PPT | |||
- Watching media [movie: My brilliant life] | |||||
Reality of teenage pregnancy (NEWS, movie) | A-RHB | 6 | Media (NEWS, movie) | ||
- Watching media [NEWS: Actual status of teenage parents] | |||||
Comparing teenage pregnancy in the media (NEWS vs. movie) | N-RHB | 12 | Group discussion, worksheet 2 | ||
Planned pregnancy vs. single motherhood | A-RHB | 8 | Media (drama) | ||
- Watching media [drama: Okay, Gwang sisters] | |||||
- Watching media [YouTube: I am a single mother] | |||||
Imagining becoming a single mother | N-RHB | 12 | Group discussion, presentation, worksheets 2 and 3 | ||
Drawing my family planning | C-RHB | ||||
Wrap-up and preview of next lesson | 5 | Self-checklist | |||
5 | Safe sexual practices/responsibility in sexual behavior | Theme 5: Contraception and safe sexual practices | |||
Watching media [Movie: Unplanned] | A-RHB | 10 | Media (movie) | ||
- Expressing their opinion on artificial abortion | N-RHB | 10 | Pair and group discussion, presentation, worksheets 2 and 3 | ||
- Debate about the pros and cons of artificial abortion | N-RHB | ||||
- Scoring my confidence in safe sexual practices. | C-RHB | ||||
Watching and searching contraceptive pill advertisements | 5 | Smart-phone, media (CF) | |||
- Watching media [CF: My Bora/Sense Day/Foreign emergency contraception Ad ‘Plan B’] | |||||
- Expressing my feelings about contraceptive pill advertisements | A-RHB | 10 | Visual thinking, group discussion, worksheets 1 and 3 | ||
- Creating a contraceptive pill advertisement | C-RHB | ||||
Lecture on the purpose, methods, and types of contraception | A-RHB | 10 | Worksheet 1, group discussion | ||
Wrap-up and preview of next lesson | 5 | Self-checklist | |||
6 | General health care/prevention of sexually transmitted infections | Theme 6: Sexually transmitted infections and reproductive health | |||
Brainwriting (types of sexually transmitted infections) | A-RHB | 10 | Brainwriting, smart-phone, post-it | ||
Lecture on sexually transmitted infections | N-RHB | 20 | Group discussion, media (YouTube), worksheet 2, PPT | ||
Watching media [YouTube: YouTuber pharmacist who contracted a sexually transmitted infection] | |||||
- Approach to dealing with sexually transmitted infections | |||||
Searching media about reproductive health management | A-RHB | 5 | Media (YouTube) | ||
- My methods for managing reproductive health and general hygiene | A-RHB | 10 | Pair and group discussion, presentation, worksheet 1 and 2 | ||
- Planning for my reproductive health | N-RHB | ||||
Wrap-up and preview of next lesson | 5 | Self-checklist |
Characteristic | Exp. (n=23) | Cont. (n=22) | χ2 or t | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 15.3±0.47 | 15.3±0.46 | 0.21 | .820 |
Religion | 0.75 | .594 | ||
Yes | 8 (34.8) | 6 (27.3) | ||
None | 15 (65.2) | 16 (72.7) | ||
Living arrangement | - | - | ||
With family | 23 (100) | 22 (100) | ||
Alone | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Smoking | 0.01a) | .964 | ||
No | 21 (91.3) | 20 (90.9) | ||
Yes | 2 (8.7) | 2 (9.1) | ||
Alcohol drinking | 0.69a) | .682 | ||
No | 20 (87.0) | 20 (90.9) | ||
Yes | 3 (13.0) | 2 (9.1) | ||
Allowance (10,000 won/mo) | 0.89a) | .671 | ||
≤10 | 13 (56.5) | 13 (59.1) | ||
11–20 | 9 (39.2) | 7 (31.8) | ||
≥21 | 1 (4.3) | 2 (9.1) | ||
Dating status | 0.73a) | .954 | ||
Currently dating | 1 (4.3) | 2 (9.1) | ||
Dated in the past | 16 (69.6) | 13 (59.1) | ||
Never dated | 6 (26.1) | 7 (31.8) | ||
Sexual experience | 0.01a) | .975 | ||
Yes | 1 (4.3) | 1 (4.5) | ||
No | 22 (95.7) | 21 (95.5) | ||
Primary sources of sexual knowledge | 3.14a) | .149 | ||
Family | 1 (4.3) | 1 (4.5) | ||
Friend | 4 (17.4) | 10 (45.5) | ||
Education | 4 (17.4) | 1 (4.5) | ||
Mass media | 14 (60.9) | 10 (45.5) | ||
Parents’ attitude toward sex | 0.02 | .983 | ||
Open | 5 (21.7) | 5 (22.8) | ||
Neutral | 15 (65.2) | 14 (63.6) | ||
Conservative | 3 (13.1) | 3 (13.6) | ||
Sexual education experience | 10.47a) | .146 | ||
Yes | 22 (95.7) | 18 (81.8) | ||
No | 1 (4.3) | 4 (18.2) | ||
The person who gave the advice | 0.82 | .372 | ||
Parents | 13 (56.5) | 12 (54.6) | ||
Teachers | 3 (13.0) | 5 (22.8) | ||
Friends | 4 (17.4) | 3 (13.6) | ||
Seniors & juniors | 1 (4.4) | 1 (4.5) | ||
Siblings | 2 (8.7) | 1 (4.5) | ||
Attitude toward RHB | 33.74±8.57 | 34.27±7.07 | -0.23 | .821 |
Subjective norms of RHB | 40.65±4.45 | 41.00±4.99 | -0.25 | .806 |
Perceived behavioral control over RHB | 18.09±5.71 | 17.86±5.06 | 0.01 | .890 |
Intention to engage in RHB | 42.30±9.40 | 42.27±6.65 | 0.01 | .990 |
Variable | Pre-test | Post-test 1 | Post-test 2 | Source | F | p-value | Differences (post 1–pre) | Differences (post 2–pre) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | t | p-value | Mean±SD | t | p-value | ||||
Attitudes toward RHB | ||||||||||||
Exp.(n=23) | 25.48±6.25 | 36.09±5.16 | 33.13±4.50 | G | 11.66 | .001 | 10.61±7.33 | 2.36 | .023 | 7.65±7.73 | 2.02 | .049 |
Con.(n=22) | 26.00±5.26 | 30.91±6.02 | 28.95±5.84 | T | 20.86 | <.001 | 4.91±8.83 | 2.95±7.85 | ||||
Cohen’s d | 0.92 | 0.80 | G*T | 4.09 | .049 | |||||||
Subjective norms of RHB | ||||||||||||
Exp.(n=23) | 40.65±4.45 | 53.56±3.53 | 51.78±5.48 | G | 14.69 | <.001 | 12.91±4.92 | 3.43 | .001 | 11.13±7.36 | 2.30 | .026 |
Con.(n=22) | 41.00±4.99 | 46.32±7.67 | 46.32±7.69 | T | 42.51 | <.001 | 5.32±9.35 | 5.31±9.48 | ||||
Cohen’s d | 1.02 | 0.69 | G*T | 5.31 | .026 | |||||||
Perceived behavioral control over RHB | ||||||||||||
Exp.(n=23) | 18.09±5.71 | 23.57±3.58 | 22.04±4.40 | G | 9.07 | <.001 | 5.48±7.75 | 1.59 | .120 | 3.96±6.49 | 1.20 | .235 |
Con.(n=22) | 17.86±5.05 | 19.64±4.68 | 19.50±3.61 | T | 8.43 | .006 | 1.77±7.93 | 1.64±6.43 | ||||
Cohen’s d | 0.47 | 0.36 | G*T | 1.45 | .235 | |||||||
Intention to engage in RHB | ||||||||||||
Exp.(n=23) | 42.30±9.40 | 58.61±5.92 | 57.65±5.72 | G | 15.35 | <.001 | 16.30±12.36 | 2.51 | .016 | 13.35±10.55 | 1.95 | .058 |
Con.(n=22) | 42.27±6.65 | 49.23±8.45 | 51.73±7.99 | T | 67.01 | <.001 | 6.95±12.58 | 9.45±9.73 | ||||
Cohen’s d | 0.75 | 0.38 | G*T | 3.78 | .016 |
Worksheet 1 involved “writing my thoughts”; Worksheet 2 related to “thinking about another’s perspective”; Worksheet 3 dealt with “writing my resolutions.” Ad, advertisement; A-RHB, attitudes toward reproductive health behavior; CF, commercial film; C-RHB, perceived behavioral control over reproductive health behavior; I-RHB, intention to engage in reproductive health behavior; MRHPP, media-based reproductive health promotion program; N-RHB, subjective norms of reproductive health behavior; PPT, PowerPoint; TPB, theory of planned behavior.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). Cont., control group; Exp., experimental group; RHB, reproductive health behavior. a)By Fisher’s exact test.
Post-test 2 was administered 4 weeks after the media-based reproductive health promotion program was completed. Cont., control group; Exp., experimental group; G, group; RHB, reproductive health behavior; SD, standard deviation; T, time.