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Research Papers
Factors Affecting the Intention to Use Smartmonitor-Based Mobile Health in Middle-Aged in Patients Applying the Technology Acceptance Model II
Ol Eum Joo, Yi Kyung Ha
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):620-632.   Published online November 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24091
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose

This study aimed to identify factors that influence the intention to use smart monitor-based mobile health (SBM) technology among middle-aged inpatients, based on the technology acceptance model II (TAM II).

Methods

A total of 222 participants were surveyed. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 and IBM SPSS Amos 23. Seven exogenous variables–social influence (SI), personal self-efficacy, (PSE), environmental self-efficacy (ESE), health literacy, health concerns, resistance to innovative technology (RIT), accessibility (AC)– and three endogenous variables–perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usability (PU), and intention to use (ITU)–were investigated.

Results

The hypothesized path model demonstrated a good fit for the data. SI (β = .13, p = .042), PU (β = .46, p < .001), and PEOU (β = .16, p = .008) had significant direct effects on the ITU, which explained 39.5% of the variance. Additionally, SI (β = .27, p < .001), ESE (β = .16, p = .010), RIT (β = - .12, p = .026), AC (β = .28, p < .001), and PEOU (β = .20, p = .001) indirectly affected ITU through PU, which explained 50.7% of the variance. Furthermore, PSE (β = .38, p < .001) indirectly influenced ITU via PEOU, which explained 38.4% of the variance.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the TAM II can be used to effectively predict ITU in SBMs among middle-aged inpatients. To expand the intention to use SBMs, it is necessary to develop SBMs that include content and programs that promote PU, SI, and PEOU.

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Examination of Predicting Factors for COVID-19 Vaccination Behaviors of University Students Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior
Heo, Yeon Jeong , Hyun, Hye-Jin
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(2):178-192.   Published online May 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24020
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the predictive factors of COVID-19 vaccination behavior by evaluating the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the theory of planned behavior.
Methods
Data were collected from August 6 to August 31, 2022 from 235 college students (aged 20~29 years) across 12 universities using a structured web-based survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS and AMOS software.
Results
Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination, subjective norms, and intention to be vaccinated significantly influenced COVID-19 vaccination behavior. Attitudes and subjective norms indirectly affected COVID-19 vaccination behavior through intention to vaccinate, whereas intention to vaccinate had a direct effect. The moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the relationship between subjective norms and intention to vaccinate was significant.
Conclusion
Interventions that foster a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination and bolster subjective norms and perceived behavioral control can boost the intention to be vaccinated and facilitate the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Effects of Nursing Work Environment on Intention to Stay of Hospital Nurses: A Two-Mediator Serial Mediation Effect of Career Motivation and Job-Esteem
Lee, Yu Na , Kim, Eungyung
J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):622-634.   Published online December 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23038
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of career motivation and job-esteem and the effect of the nursing work environment on intention to stay among hospital nurses.
Methods
Data were collected from 289 nurses working at an advanced general hospital. The research model design was based on the PROCESS macro proposed by Hayes and analyzed using SPSS 24.0 program.
Results
The results showed a positive correlation between intention to stay and nursing work environment (r = .19, p = .001), career motivation (r = .34, p < .001), and job-esteem (r = .37, p < .001). Nursing work environment (B = 0.34 [.09~.59]) and job-esteem (B = 0.27 [.04~.49]) had a direct effect on intention to stay. There was a two-mediator sereal mediation effect of career motivation and job-esteem. The nursing work environment showed a significant effect on the intention to stay among hospital nurses through career motivation and job-esteem.
Conclusion
In order to increase the retention rate of hospital nurses, it is suggested that government and medical institutions provide multifaceted support that can increase nurses’ motivation for career development and recognition of the nursing profession through improvement of the nursing work environment.
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Original Articles
Development of a Scale for Alcohol Drinking Prevention Behavior in Early Elementary School Based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior
Kim, Younkyoung , Lee, Chong Mi , Kang, Seo Young
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):210-227.   Published online April 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.210
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to develop a scale to measure variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior in early elementary school, based on the theory of planned behavior.
Methods
A scale was developed to measure variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior. Initial items for direct evaluation were constructed through a literature review, and those for belief-based indirect measure were generated through interviews with 30 second- and third-grade elementary school students. The collected data from 286 third-grade elementary school students were then subjected to item analysis, exploratory and confirmative factor analysis, criterion-related validity testing, and internal consistency assessment.
Results
The final scale consisted of 35 items. Intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained 82.7% of the variance; behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs explained 65.6% of the variance; and evaluation of outcome, motivation to comply, and power of control beliefs explained 72.8% of the variance. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the theoretical models had a satisfactory goodness of fit. Criterion-related validity was confirmed between the direct evaluation variables and the indirect measure variables (attitudes r=.64, p <.001; subjective norms r=.39, p <.001; perceived behavioral control r=.62, p <.001). Cronbach’s a was .89 for the direct evaluation variables and .93 for the indirect measure variables.
Conclusion
The scale developed in this study is valid and reliable. It could be used to measure and explain variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior in early elementary school.
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Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Beliefs of Korean Nursing Students as Predictors of Intentions to care for HIV Disease Patients: a Test of Theory of Reasoned Action
Hye Ra Yoo
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(3):660-672.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.3.660
AbstractAbstract PDF

No abstract available.

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A Study of the Relationship between the Intention of Pregnancy and the Child-Rearing Attitudes of Mothers with Infants
Jung Ha Sim
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):454-464.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.454
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between the intention of pregnancy and the child rearing attitudes of mothers with infants. The data was collected from 138 mothers by means of an interview and questionnaire in a period from April 1 to April 30, 1997, when they came to have their infants vaccinated at one hospital and one health care center. The collected data was analyzed by means of the SPSS Program using percentage, means and standard deviation in each area and the ANOVA and Pearson correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. It showed that the mother's degree of intention of pregnancy was 3.90(+/-1.19) among the possible score of 0~5 and the score of child rearing attitudes was 70.1 among the possible score of 20~100. The mean score of the items was 3.50(+/-.36) among the possible score of 0~5. 2. There was a significant relation between the intention of pregnancy and child rearing attitudes. It was mildly positive but was significant(r=.21, p<0.05). 3. There was a significant relation between the period from marriage to the time of pregnancy and the intention of pregnancy(F=.57, p<0.05). Also, it was found out that the group of mothers who became pregnant later than 12 months after marriage wanted after pregnancy more than the group of women who were pregnant within 12 months after marriage(F=11.30, p<0.01). 4. There was a significant relation between the period from marriage to the time of pregnancy and child rearing attitudes(F=4.14, p<0.05). It showed that the child rearing attitudes of the group of women who became pregnant later than 12 months after marriage was positive(F=11.42, p<0.01). Also, in case tat the both the husband and wife decided on the pregnancy, the child rearing attitudes were more positive(F=7.15, p<0.05). In conclusion, when the intention of pregnancy was stronger, the subjects' child rearing attitudes were more positive. Also when both the husband and wife decided on the pregnancy, the attitudes were more positive. So it seems that both husband and wife should discuss and agree upon pregnancy, having a sufficient period during which both the spouses prepare for the intention of pregnancy. Additionally, it is suggested that when the husband and wife are doing family planning, it would be beneficial to use a program of 'Woman's Intention on Pregnancy' during this process.

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The Relationship Among Leadership Styles of Nurse Managers, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention
Na Sun Ha, Jung Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(6):812-822.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.6.812
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: The Purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among leadership style of nurse managers, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. METHOD: The subjects were 468 nurses and 19 head nurses who were working at the 3 general hospitals in seoul. The data were collected from July 6 to September 14, 2001 by the structured questionnaires. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SAS package were used. RESULT: 1) The score of the nurse managers' transformational leadership perceived by surbodinates' were higher than that of the nurse managers' transactional leadership. Among 5 subdimensions of the leadership styles perceived by surbodinates', the scores of 'charisma' and 'intellectual stimulation' were highest and 'management by exception' were lowest. 2) 'Charisma', 'intellectual stimulation', 'individual consideration' and 'contingent reward' were positively related to all of variables except 'turnover intention'. 'Management by exception' was negatively related to all of variables and was positively related to 'turnover intention'. 3) 'Job satisfaction' was positively related to 'organizational commitment' and 'Job satisfaction', 'organizational commitment' were negatively related to 'turnover intention'. 4) As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the key determinants of 'turnover intention' were 'organizational commitment' and this explained 44.4% of the total variance of it.

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Predictors of Intention to Quit Smoking among Patient with Coronary Heart Disease
Eun Kyung Kim, Mae Ja Kim, Mi Ryung Song
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(3):355-363.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.3.355
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the level of intention to quit smoking and to identify factors influencing intention to quit among patients with coronary heart disease. Method: The subjects consisted of 80 male patients with coronary heart disease (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction) at three hospitals in Seoul. The data were collected with self reporting in a structured questionnaire. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify predictors of intention to quit. Included variables were attitudes toward smoking cessation, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, usefulness of smoking cessation, and previous attempts to quit. RESULT: 1. The mean score for intention to quit was 11.1(+/-6.1) which was lower than median score of the scale. 2. There were significant correlations between the all predictive variables and the intention to quit(r=.24-.48, p<.05). 3. usefulness of smoking cessation, perceived behavioral control, and previous attempts to quit explained 34.6% of the variance for intention to quit. CONCLUSION: usefulness of smoking cessation, perceived behavioral control, and previous attempts to quit were identified as important variables in explaining the intention to quit smoking among patients with coronary heart disease. Thus, it is necessary to try to enhance this factors for increasing intention to quit among patients with coronary heart disease.

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A Study for Investigating Predictors of AIDS and Patients Care Intention Among Nursing Students
Jong Kyung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(2):292-303.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.2.292
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of the study was to find out the level of knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, social interaction, and behavioral intention of nursing students regarding AIDS. It also identified factors that predict behavioral intentions and to provide care for patients with AIDS using Theory of Reasoned Action. The subjects consisted of 117 nursing students at three universities. Data was collected with self reporting in a questionnaire of with 67 items. Data was analyzed by an SPSS pc+ program. The results were as follows; 1. The mean age of the subjects was 20.98 years. The mean score for HIV/AIDS knowledge was 24.444 out of 32. Mostly Korean students were quite knowle- dgeable about the basic facts and symptoms of AIDS but confused about the made of transmission such as public toilets, preven- tion methods, and especially infection control. 2. This study found that social interaction, attitudes and subjective norms of Korean nursing students explained the intention to care for AIDS patients. The students who had a more positive attitude toward caring for AIDS patients and those who perceived more support from their significant others for caring the AIDS patients reported a more positive intention to care for AIDS patients. 3. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, 47.58% of the variance in AIDS patient care intention was accounted for by social interaction (33.41%), attitude (9.1%), and subjective norm (5.0 %). According to the finding of this study, and social interaction are the most significant predictors of intentions. Therefore it can be suggested that a HIV/AIDS prevention program should focus on transmission modes and prevention methods, especially in infection control. AIDS education efforts aimed at nursing students should place greater emphasis on correcting these kinds of misconceptions. Nursing intenvention for reducing fear of contagion, improving perception of social interaction, fostering positive attitudes and increasing intention to care for AIDS patients should be provided for nursing students. They also recommended that nursing students be adequately prepared to care for AIDS patients because of the increasing probability that they will encounter AIDS patients. Therefore it is important that education about HIV/AIDS should be incorporated within current undergraduate curriculum.

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Literature Review of HIV-Positive Patient Care Studies which used Concepts from Theory of Reasoned Action
Hyera Yoo
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(7):1645-1657.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.7.1645
AbstractAbstract PDF

Twenty-three research studies regarding nurses or nursing students intention to care for HIV disease patients were reviewed. Studies on this issue were sporadic and not systematic. A majority of the studies were limited to one institution at one point in time. Convenience sampling was prevalent. Only 5 studies used random sampling (Jemmott III et al., 1992; Kelly et al., 1988; Planter & Foster, 1993; Scherer et al., 1989; Van Servellen et al., 1988). Consequently the findings of most studies can not be generalized to the population at large. In addition, between 1985 and 1994, the emphasis on descriptive studies continued even though correlational and experimental studies were being conducted. The development of the body of knowledge on this issue is still in a primitive stage. Correlational or comparative studies reviewed rarely had a theoretical basis for the study questions. Only two studies were found that cited a theoretical basis (Laschinger & Goldenberg, 1993; Goldenberg & Laschinger, 1991). A variety of attitude instruments were developed by investigators and used in their own studies. The constructs of the instruments were quite varied. For example, some studies identified fear as the attitude to be measured, while others measured opinion or intention as the attitude. None of the studies reviewed reported content, construct or convergent validity of the instruments. Reliability data for most instruments used in the studies were either not reported or low. Such a lack of information limits the interpretation of the findings. Study findings were inconclusive. Some descriptive studies indicated that nurses or nursing students were willing to care for HIV disease patients, while others revealed they were not willing to do so. Three correlational studies examining the relationship between attitude and intention obtained inconsistent findings. Findings from one study (Jemmott et al., 1992) indicated a positive relationship, while others found no relationship between them (Cole & Slocumb, 1994; Jemmott et al., 1992). Descriptive studies identified that families or friends stigmatization were the important factors. Only two correlational studies on this issue were found, but study findings were inconsistent (Laschinger & Goldenberg, 1993; Glodenberg & Laschinger, 1991). Studies focusing on nursing students intentions or attitude were limited. Only 7 of the 23 research reviewed were conducted using nursing students (Lawrence & Lawrence, 1989; Lester & Beard, 1988; Mueller et al., 1992; Oerman & Gignac, 1991; Jemmott et al., 1992; Jemmott III et al., 1992; Wiely et al., 1988). This review leads to the conclusion that there is a need for study of this issue with nursing students as the target population. Studies with questions based upon a theoretical framework provide a basis for linking findings. In addition, reliable instruments and sophisticated statistical analysis are also needed when studying this topic.

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Predicting Exercise Behavior in Middle-aged Women: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Mi La Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):537-548.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.537
AbstractAbstract PDF

The objectives of this study were to verify the effectiveness of the Theory of Planned Behavior in predicting exercise intention and exercise behavior, and to examine the determinants of exercise intention and exercise behavior in the sample of middle-aged women. The subjects who participated in this study were 263 middle-aged women. The instruments used for this study was a survey of general characteristics, attitude (18 items), subjective norm (2 items), perceived behavioral control (19 items), intention (3 items), and exercise behavior (7 items and 23 items for each). Analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis with SAS PC program. The hypothetical model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was tested by use of LISREL 8.12a program. 1) The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good(chi-square=11.76, p=0.03, RMSEA=0.07, standardized RMR= 0.03, GFI=0.99, AGFI=0.94, NFI=0.97, NNFI=0.95). 2) Perceived behavioral control, attitude, and subjective norm were significant determinants of exercise intention, and these variables explained 35% of the total variance of exercise intention. 3) Perceived behavioral control, intention, and attitude were significant determinants of exercise behavior. But, subjective norm was not a significant determinants. These four variables explained 69% of the total variance of exercise behavior. In conclusion, this study shows the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining exercise behavior of middle-aged women, and suggests that health care providers should focus on perceived behavioral control and attitude rather than subjective norm to improve exercise behavior of middle-aged women.

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Attitude, Beliefs, and Intentions to Care for SARS Patients among Korean Clinical Nurses: An Application of Theory of Planned Behavior
Cho Ja Kim, Hye Ra Yoo, Myung Sook Yoo, Bo Eun Kwon, Kyung Ja Hwang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(4):596-603.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.4.596
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study examined Korean clinical nurses' intentions to care for SARS patients and identify determinants of the intentions. Theory of planned behavior was the framework to explain the intentions of Korean nurses for SARS patients care.

Methods

A convenient sample of six hundreds and seventy nine clinical nurses from four university-affiliated hospitals located in Seoul and in Kyung-gi province was used. Self-administered (83-items) questionnaire was used to collect data. Intentions, attitude, subjective norm, perceive behavioral control, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs were the study variables. All items were measured using 7-point Likert scale (−3 to +3). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation method, and stepwise multiple regression methods.

Results

Intentions and attitudes toward SARS patient care among Korean clinical nurses were moderate, but their subjective norm and perceive behavioral control of SARS patients care were negative. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that attitude toward SARS patient care, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm were the determinants of the intentions for SARS patients care as theory proposed. Among the behavioral beliefs, “SARS-patient caring would be a new experience”, “during SARS-patient caring, I should be apart from my family”, “after completing SARS-patient caring, I would be proud of myself being able to cope with a stressful event” and “with my SARS-patient caring, patients could recover from SARS” were the significant determinants. Among the normative beliefs, colleague approval, spouse approval, and physician approval were significant determinants of the intentions. Among the control beliefs, “SARS-patient caring would be a challenge” “SARS-patient caring is a professional responsibility”, “tension during the care of SARS patients” and “support from team members” were the significant determinants of the intentions.

Conclusion

Korean clinical nurses in this study were not willing to care for SARS patients and showed negative attitude toward the care. They believed their friends and family were not approved their care for SARS patients. Nurses were in conflicts between professional responsibilities to care for SARS patients and personal safety. This study was the first to understand stress and burden of Korean clinical nurses who are in front line to care for newly developed communicable disease such as SARS. Under the circumstance where several fatal communicable diseases are predictable, conflicts between professional responsibility and their personal risks should be taken into considerations by nurses themselves and by nursing administrators in order to improve quality of care.

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A Study on Health-related Quality of Life, Smoking Knowledge, Smoking Attitude, and Smoking Cessation Intention in Male Smokers
Myoung Sook Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(2):344-352.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.2.344
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to examine the relationship among health-related quality of life, smoking knowledge, smoking attitude, and smoking cessation intention in male smokers.

Method

The subjects were 259 male smokers in J city. The data was collected using structured questionnaires from Nov. to Dec. of 2003. The data was analyzed by the SPSS (ver.10.0)computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression.

Result

The smoking cessation intention had a significant positive correlation among health-related quality of life (r=.159), smoking knowledge (r=.161), and smoking attitude (r=.127). These variables account for 26.8% of smoking cessation intention.

Conclusion

These results suggested that the smoking cessation program to enhance the health-related quality of life, smoking knowledge, and smoking cessation intention and to increase a negative influence on smoking attitude need to be developed. Therefore, these findings give useful information for constructing a smoking cessation program in male smokers.

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Effects of Dance Exercise on Exercise Intention and Exercise-related Affect of Postmenopausal Women
Mi Ra Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(6):1092-1096.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.6.1092
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

A dance exercise program was performed to investigate the effects of exercise on exercise intention and exercise-related affect as these are important determinants of exercise behavior.

Method

The subjects were overweight (23≤or=BMI≤or=25) or obese (BMI≥or=25) postmenopausal women (n=14), who participated in an exercise program from May, 2003 through November, 2003 at one public health center located in Kyong-gi Province. Data was analyzed with an SAS PC program.

Result

Exercise intention was significantly increased after the exercise program (t=-2.24, P=0.04). Exercise-related affect was also increased, but there was no statistically significant change (t=1.81, P=0.09).

Conclusion

This study suggests that exercise participation can increase the level of future exercise behavior by increasing exercise intention and exercise-related affect.

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A Structural Equation Model of Pressure Ulcer Prevention Action in Clinical Nurses
Sook Ja Lee, Ok Kyoung Park, Mi Yeon Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(4):572-582.   Published online August 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.4.572
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model for pressure ulcer prevention action by clinical nurses. The Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior were used as the basis for the study.

Methods

A structured questionnaire was completed by 251 clinical nurses to analyze the relationships between concepts of perceived benefits, perceived barriers, attitude, subjective norm, perceived control, intention to perform action and behavior. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs were used to analyze the efficiency of the hypothesized model and calculate the direct and indirect effects of factors affecting pressure ulcer prevention action among clinical nurses.

Results

The model fitness statistics of the hypothetical model fitted to the recommended levels. Attitude, subjective norm and perceived control on pressure ulcer prevention action explained 64.2% for intention to perform prevention action.

Conclusion

The major findings of this study indicate that it is essential to recognize improvement in positive attitude for pressure ulcer prevention action and a need for systematic education programs to increase perceived control for prevention action.

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Structural Equation Modeling on Living and Brain Death Organ Donation Intention in Nursing Students
Eun A Kim, So Eun Choi
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(6):802-811.   Published online December 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.6.802
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test and validate a model to predict living and brain death organ donation intention in nursing students. The conceptual model was based on the theory planned behavior.

Methods

Quota sampling methodology was used to recruit 921 nursing students from all over the country and data collection was done from October 1 to December 20, 2013.

Results

The model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level. Knowledge, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control explained 40.2% and 40.1% respectively for both living and brain death organ donation intention. Subjective norm was the most direct influential factor for organ donation intention. Knowledge had significant direct effect on attitude and indirect effect on subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. These effects were higher in brain death organ donation intention than in living donation intention.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this study suggest the need to develop systematic education programs to increases knowledge about brain death organ donation. The development, application, and evaluation of intervention programs are required to improve subjective norm.

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Development and Testing of a Nurse Turnover Intention Scale (NTIS)
Eun Ja Yeun, Heejeong Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(2):256-266.   Published online April 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.2.256
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement tool of nurse's turnover intention.

Methods

Data were collected from questionnaires completed by 678 nurses who worked in 3 university hospitals in South Korea and analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18 programs. Thirty-seven preliminary items were selected from 161 basic items extracted via a literature review and in depth interviews with 6 hospital nurses. Three steps with factor analysis were undertaken to verify the reliability and validity of the preliminary instruments. Finally, confirmative factor analysis was carried out.

Results

As a result of the analysis, 3 factors including 10 items were selected. Cronbach's Alpha for the 10 items was .83, for job satisfaction (4 items), .78, for interpersonal relationships (3 items), .80, and for work performance (3 items), .74, which was stable.

Conclusion

This study is meaningful because through it a scale reflecting Korean culture was developed to measure turnover intention in nurses. Further studies that test the psychometrics of this scale in more diverse samples are warranted.

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Factors Affecting Preparation Stage to Quit Smoking in Men
Jeong-Woon Yeon, Hyeongsu Kim, Kunsei Lee, Sounghoon Chang, Heejung Choi, Eunmi Ham, Jun Pyo Myong
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(3):377-384.   Published online June 29, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.3.377
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to investigate factors affecting preparation stage to quit smoking in men.

Methods

Based on data from the Community Health Survey conducted in Chungbuk Province in 2008, we estimated rates and odds ratio (OR) of smoking cessation intention for 2,639 men who were current smokers. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting preparation stage to quit smoking.

Results

Among current male smokers, the rate of smoking cessation intention was 17.1%. The OR of factors affecting smoking cessation was as follows: Compared to men with middle school education, the OR for rate of smoking cessation intention in men with high school education was 1.47 (p=.018), and for college or higher, 1.55 (p=.017). Compared to being single, the OR for cohabitation after marriage was 1.61 (p=.011) and living alone after marriage, 2.23 (p=.005). The OR for attempt to quit smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke and participation in smoking education were 6.80 (p<.001), 1.32 (p=.020) and 1.69 (p=.005), respectively.

Conclusion

Results of this study show that it is necessary to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke and to increase participation in smoking cessation education targeting current smokers to move them from precontemplation or contemplation stage to preparation stage.

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Effects of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Education on College Women's Knowledge, Health Belief, and Preventive Behavior Intention
Eun-Jee Lee, Hyeon-Ok Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(5):715-723.   Published online October 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.715
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to evaluated the effects of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination education on college women's knowledge of HPV, health beliefs (perceived severity and perceived susceptibility), and preventive behavior intention.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design with repeated measures was used. Participants were 125 female college students in one university, assigned to an experimental group (72 students) and control group (53 students).

Results

Two weeks after the intervention, the experimental group reported higher scores of knowledge, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and preventive behavior intention than the control group. All follow-up scores except intention measured at 5 weeks after the intervention from the experimental group remained still higher than those from the control group.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the variable of preventive behavior intention which is believed to be the closest predictor of real vaccination rate could be affected by the education, but did not remain at the same level at 5 weeks. Therefore, additional interventions may need to be provided before the educational effect on preventive behavior intention is greatly diminished.

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A Predictive Model on Turnover Intention of Nurses in Korea
Sook Ja Moon, Sang Sook Han
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(5):633-641.   Published online October 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.633
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to propose and test a predictive model that could explain and predict Korean nurses' turnover intentions.

Methods

A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 445 nurses in Korea. Six instruments were used in this model. The data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and Amos 7.0 program.

Results

Based on the constructed model, organizational commitment, and burnout were found to have a significant direct effect on turnover intention of nurses. In addition, factors such as empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment were found to indirectly affect turnover intention of nurse. The final modified model yielded χ2=402.30, p<.001), χ2/df=2.94, RMSEA=0.07, RMR=0.03, GFI=0.90, AGF=0.87, NFI=0.88, CFI=0.92 and good fit indices.

Conclusion

This structural equational model is a comprehensive theoretical model that explains the related factors and their relationship with turnover intention in Korean nurses. Findings from this study can be used to design appropriate strategies to further decrease the nurses' turnover intention in Korea.

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New Nurse Turnover Intention and Influencing Factors
Sang Sook Han, In Soon Sohn, Nam Eun Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(6):878-887.   Published online December 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.6.878
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Purpose

The study was done to identify turnover intention in new nurses according to characteristics of the nurses and other factors affecting turnover and to provide data to set up a strategy to reduce the turnover.

Methods

Data were collected from 1,077 new nurses who had less than 12 months employment experience and worked in one of 188 hospitals. Eight research instruments were used. Data analysis was done using SPSS WIN 15.0 program.

Results

Several factors influence new nurse turnover intention. The average score for turnover intention was 2.12. The scores for subscales were self efficacy, 3.76, nursing performance, 3.90, job satisfaction, 2.09, organization commitment, 1.28, stress, 1.32, burnout, 2.82 and nursing organizational culture, 3.29. Turnover intention was related to self efficacy, nursing performance, job satisfaction, organization commitment, stress, burnout, nursing organizational culture, duration of in-class training, duration of on the job training, number of hospital beds, length of employment and duration of employment in current workplace. The predicting factors for turnover intention were burnout, stress, duration of employment in the current workplace, self efficacy and nursing performance. Those factors explained 51.6% of turnover intention.

Conclusion

New nurse turnover intention can be reduced by mitigating the factors affecting this intention.

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The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior between Organizational Justice and Organizational Effectiveness in Nursing Organizations
Wall-Yun Park, Sook-Hee Yoon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(2):229-236.   Published online April 28, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.2.229
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Purpose

This study was a secondary analysis to verify the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) between organizational justice (OJ) and organizational effectiveness (OE) in nursing organizations.

Methods

The RN-BSNs and their colleagues in Seoul and Busan were subjects. The data was collected for 20 days between September 13 and October 2, 2004. Two hundred eighty three data sets were used for the final analysis. The fitness of models were tested using AMOS 5.

Results

The fitness of hypothetical model was moderate. Procedural Justice (PJ), Interaction Justice (IJ) and Distributive Justice (DJ) had direct effects on Job Satisfaction (JS), Organizational Commitment (OC) and Turnover Intention (TI) in OE, and indirect effects on JS, OC and TI mediated by OCB. The modified model improved with ideal fitness showed the causal relations among OE. In modified model, PJ, IJ and DJ had direct positive effects on OCB and JS and OC in OE, and indirect effects on JS and OC mediated by OCB. JS and OC in OE had a direct negative effect on TI.

Conclusion

OCB mediated the relationship between OJ and OE, so the nursing managers should enhance OCB of the nurses in order to improve OE.

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J Korean Acad Nurs : Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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