Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Papers

The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience in Chinese Nursing Students’ Professional Identity and Learning Burnout: Liu Zhang, Qin Zhang, ShuWen Li, YuHong Li, GuoCui Wu, Ying Chen, YunNa Zhou; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):509-518. Published online November 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24044

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study investigated whether professional identity predicts learning burnout among Chinese nursing students, and whether resilience moderates this relationship.
Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 635 students from a nursing college at a medical university in Hefei, China. Data were collected using the professional identity questionnaire, learning burnout scale for college students, and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between variables. The mediation effect was evaluated using linear regression and the bootstrap method in SPSS.
Results
Nursing students exhibited intermediate learning burnout levels (score: 54.95 ± 10.42). Professional identity was positively correlated with psychological resilience (r = .42, p < . 001), whereas learning burnout was negatively correlated with professional identity (r = - .54, p < . 001) and psychological resilience (r = - .57, p < . 001). Psychological resilience mediated the relationship between professional identity and learning burntout to the tune of 32.8%.
Conclusion
Psychological resilience mediates the relationship between professional identity and learning burnout. Thus, nursing educators can mitigate student burnout by developing their students' professional identities and psychological resilience.

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The Effects of Stress Vulnerability and Parental Burnout on Mental Health in Women with Early School-Age Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mediating Effect of Spirituality: Yeom, Mijung , Kwon, Min; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(1):106-117. Published online February 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23150

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study examined the effects of stress vulnerability and parental burnout on the mental health of women with early schoolaged children, with a focus on the mediating role of spirituality.
Methods
A survey was conducted among 171 women with early schoolaged children in Gyeonggi Province, Gangwon Province, and Seoul. Data were collected from September to December 2022 using the Korean-Symptom Check List 95, the Parental Burnout Assessment, and the Spirituality Assessment Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS/WIN 22.0 and AMOS 20.0.
Results
The study model demonstrated a good fit, explaining 40.5% of the variance in mental health through stress vulnerability, parental burnout, and spirituality. Spirituality had a significant direct impact on mental health. Additionally, participants’ spirituality directly influenced their mental health, while stress vulnerability and parental burnout indirectly affected their mental health and were mediated through spirituality.
Conclusion
Stress vulnerability and parental burnout are negatively associated with mental health, while spirituality partially mediates these effects. Implementing a program to promote spirituality is suggested to assist mothers in recognizing the value and meaning of parenting activities during nursing interventions for mental health.

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Association between Resilience, Professional Quality of Life, and Caring Behavior in Oncology Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study: Jeon, Misun , Kim, Sue , Kim, Sanghee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(6):597-609. Published online December 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23058

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The degree of caring behavior of oncology nurses is a crucial factor in the care provided to patients with cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate factors related to oncology nurses’ caring behavior, including their resilience and professional quality of life.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 107 oncology nurses at an urban tertiary hospital from May 18 to 24, 2015. We used a self-report questionnaire to measure resilience, professional quality of life, and degree of caring behavior. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 20.0.
Results
Oncology nurses presented with low levels of resilience and caring behavior, and high levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. There was a statistically significant relationship between the degree of caring behavior, resilience (r = .43, p < .001), compassion satisfaction (r = .51, p < .001), and burnout (r = - .42, p < .001), as well as between secondary traumatic stress and burnout (r = .34, p < .001). Factors associated with oncology nurses’ degree of caring behavior were compassion satisfaction (t = 6.00, p < .001) and educational level (t = 3.45, p = .001).
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that oncology nurses’ degree of caring behavior is related to their professional quality of life and education. These findings suggest that enhancing oncology nurses’ healthy coping strategies at both the individual and organizational levels can further develop holistic nursing care. Additionally, it is necessary to examine the factors affecting nurses’ compassion satisfaction and to try to promote this aspect.

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Mindful self-care among oncology nurses in China: a latent profile analysis
Yan Shi, Peng Wang, Lamei Liu, Mengmeng Li
BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The mediating role of compassion fatigue between perceived organization support and caring behavior among outpatient nurses in China: a cross-sectional study
Xingxing Liu, Fang He, Tian Tian, Jun Zhang, Yuanjiao Ji, Yuexia Zhong
BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Effects of Clinical Nurses’ Job Crafting on Organizational Effectiveness Based on Job DemandsResource Model: Lee, Eun Young , Kim, Eungyung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(1):129-143. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.22138

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of clinical nurses’ job crafting on organizational effectiveness based on the job demands-resources model proposed by Bakker and Demerouti (2017).
Methods
The participants consisted of 393 nurses working in nursing units of a tertiary general hospital located in Cheongju region. The data, collected using questionnaire from August 9 to August 20, 2021, were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 27.0.
Results
The goodness-of-fit (GoF) test results on the modified model (χ 2 = 2.7, GFI = .94, SRMR = .03, RMSEA = .06, NFI = .92, CFI = .94, TLI = .92, AGFI = .90), indicated that the GoF index satisfied the recommended level. Regarding the effects of each variable on organizational effectiveness, job crafting showed statistically significant direct (β = .48, p < .001), indirect (β = .23, p < .001), and total effects (β = .71, p < .001). Burnout showed statistically significant direct effect (β = - .17, p < .001). Work engagement showed statistically significant direct (β = .41, p < .001) and total effects (β = .41, p < .001). The factors explaining organizational effectiveness were job crafting, burnout, and work engagement, which had an explanatory power of 76.7%.
Conclusion
Nurses’ job crafting is an important mediating factor for enhancing the organizational effectiveness of nursing organizations. Hospitals should develop job-crafting success cases and related education and training programs as a strategy for enhancing the job crafting of nurses and, consequently organizational effectiveness.

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Commitment to Organizational Change in Clinical Nurses: A Structural Model Applying Lewin's Change Theory
Mihwa Hong, Sujeong Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(1): 38. CrossRef

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Relationships among Knowledge and Skills about Suicide Prevention, Attitudes toward Suicide, and Burnout of Suicide Prevention Work of Nurses at Mental Health Welfare Centers: A Mixed Methods Study: Dong, Hee-Ra , Seo, Ji Min; J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(1):92-104. Published online February 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21189

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify relationships among knowledge and skills about suicide prevention, attitudes toward suicide, and burnout of suicide prevention work of nurses at mental health welfare centers.
Methods
An explanatory sequential mixed-method research was conducted. For the quantitative study, the subjects (nurses) were 133 nurses executing suicide prevention work. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. For the qualitative research, 13 nurses with high burnout scores were interviewed. The data were analyzed using theme analysis method.
Results
Quantitative results showed the average burnout of suicide prevention work was 54.62 ± 12.51. The burnout of suicide prevention work had significant correlations with attitudes toward suicide (r = .30, p < .001) and suicide prevention skills (r = - .18,p = .037). Qualitative results showed six themes related to burnout of suicide prevention work. They were ‘feeling a lack of confidence in one’s suicide counselling skills’, ‘feeling of the limits of one’s ability to cope with a suicide crisis’, ‘feeling regret for not being able to help the clients’, ‘being over-empathetic to the clients’, ‘Not being able to understand the clients because the subjects (nurses) opposes committing suicide’, and ‘thinking that the suicidal thoughts of suicide attempters do not improve’.
Conclusion
To reduce burnout of nurses’ suicide prevention work at mental health welfare centers, there is a need to develop an educational program considering nurses' attitudes toward suicide and one to enhance their confidence in suicide prevention skills.

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Influence of Self-leadership, Managers’ Authentic Leadership, and Nurses' Organizational Culture Relationships on Hospital Nurses’ Organizational Silence: A Mixed Method Study
Hyun-Ju Lee, So-Young Kang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 404. CrossRef
Evaluation of Internet-Based Training in Trauma Care for Nurses in Mental Health Welfare Centers: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Sunah Kim, Go-Un Kim, Jinyoung Park
Journal of Primary Care & Community Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Influence of Self-care on Burnout in Primary Family Caregiver of Person with Dementia: Kwon, Jeong Hwa , Hong, Gwi-Ryung Son; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(2):217-231. Published online April 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20274

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of self-care on burnout experienced by primary family caregivers of persons with dementia.
Methods
The subjects of the study were 156 primary family caregivers of persons with dementia at home in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 24.0 for Windows.
Results
The mean scores for self-care and burnout were 42.35 and 61.60, respectively. Self-care, subjective health status, living with a person with dementia, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were significant factors affecting burnout in family caregivers. Self-care was identified as the strongest factor affecting burnout, explaining 13.9% of burnout with controlling factors in caregivers and care receivers.
Conclusion
To prevent burnout in primary family caregivers of persons with dementia, self-care of family caregivers should be emphasized. In nursing education, family caregivers should be recognized and approached as nursing clients who are responsible for taking care of their health. In nursing practice and research, digital self-care or self-care improvement intervention programs should be designed to help family caregivers, and further studies on self-care centered on health of family caregivers should be conducted.

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Development of a Tool to Measure Slow Nursing for Older Adults in Long-term Care Hospitals: A Methodological Study
Hyeon Mi Woo
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(3): 212. CrossRef
Factors influencing the care burden among family caregivers using dementia care centers for older adults with dementia in Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive study
Ja Eun Kim, Soo Jin Lee
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(4): 382. CrossRef
Effects of stress on burnout among infection control nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating effects of social support and self-efficacy
Su-jin Lee, Ju-Young Park, Seo-Hyeon Kim
BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Time usage analysis according to occupational area and satisfaction level in family caregivers of dementia patients
Woo-Hyuk Jang, Jong-Sik Jang, Jong-Hwi Park
PeerJ.2023; 11: e15178. CrossRef
Self-Care Experiences of Family Members of Mentally Ill Patients
Won Hee Jun, Eun Ju Cho, Eun Joung Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2022; 31(4): 458. CrossRef

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Relationships among Non-Nursing Tasks, Nursing Care Left Undone, Nurse Outcomes and Medical Errors in Integrated Nursing Care Wards in Small and Medium-Sized General Hospitals: Park, Ju-Young , Hwang, Jee-In; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(1):27-39. Published online February 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20201

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the degree of non-nursing tasks and nursing care left undone in integrated nursing care wards, and examine their relationships with nurses’ burnout, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and medical errors.
Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from 346 nurses working in 20 wards of seven small and medium-sized general hospitals, and analyzed using multiple regression and multiple logistic regression analysis with the SPSS WIN 25.0 program.
Results
The mean score for non-nursing tasks was 7.32±1.71, and that for nursing care left undone was 4.42 ± 3.67. An increase in non-nursing tasks (β = .12, p = .021) and nursing care left undone (β = .18, p < .001) led to an increase in nurses’ burnout (F = 6.26, p < .001). As nursing care left undone (β = .13, p = .018) increased, their turnover intentions also (F = 3.96, p < .001) increased, and more medical errors occurred (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.02~1.15).
Conclusion
Non-nursing tasks and nursing care left undone are positively associated with nurses’ burnout, turnover intentions, and the occurrence of medical errors. Therefore, it is important to reduce non-nursing tasks and nursing care left undone in order to deliver high quality nursing care and in turn increase patient safety.

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First Integration of a Service Robot and a Communication Application into a Nursing Isolation Setting – An Observational Study Evaluating Walking Distances, Stress and Radiation Doses
Angelika Warmbein, Laura Sehn, Ivanka Rathgeber, Janesca Seif, Christoph Ohneberg, Nicole Stöbich, Astrid Delker, Christian Zach, Inge Eberl, Uli Fischer
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Haena Lim, Yeojin Yi
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A phenomenological study of the experiences of nurses working in integrated nursing care wards in Korea
Young-mi Cho, Sun-hui Kim
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Relationships among Nursing Skill Mix, Missed Nursing Care, and Adverse Events in Small and Medium-Sized Hospital Comprehensive Nursing Care Wards
Yoon Sook Cho, Hyoung Eun Chang, Hyunjung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(2): 163. CrossRef
Exploring the causes and consequences of non-nursing tasks among nurses in Jordan: An in-depth qualitative investigation
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A comparative analysis of nurses' reported number of patients and perceived appropriate number of patients in integrated nursing care services
Hyunjeong Kwon, Jinhyun Kim
Nursing & Health Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness of a virtual reality application‐based education programme on patient safety management for nursing students: A pre‐test–post‐test study
Jae Woo Oh, Ji Eun Kim
Nursing Open.2023; 10(12): 7622. CrossRef
The Effect of Missed Nursing Care on Adverse Event Experiences, Patient Safety Management Activity, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention in Nurses: A Nationwide Survey using Proportional Quota Sampling
Myung Jin Choi, Seok Hee Jeong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(4): 490. CrossRef
Pathway Analysis on the Effects of Nursing Informatics Competency, Nursing Care Left Undone, and Nurse Reported Quality of Care on Nursing Productivity among Clinical Nurses
Mi Yu, Se Young Kim, Ji Min Ryu
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Competency Survey of Caregivers in Medical Tourism Special Zone and Other Regions
Dong-Yeop Lee, Sang-Bong Lee, Yeong-Im Park, Jin-Geun Lee, Yoon Hee Park, So Young Lee, Dong-Yoon Kang
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Influence of the Team Effectiveness of Nursing Units on Nursing Care Left Undone and Nurse-Reported Quality of Care
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The Effect of Burnout on Quality of Care Using Donabedian’s Framework
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Original Articles

The Effect of Nurse's Emotional Labor on Turnover Intention: Mediation Effect of Burnout and Moderated Mediation Effect of Authentic Leadership: Soo Yang Na, Hanjong Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):286-297. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.286

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

To investigate the effect of nurses’ emotional labor on their turnover intention that was mediated by burnout and to examine the moderated mediation effect of authentic leadership.

Methods

A total of 227 nurses working at two general hospitals in Seoul were recruited from March 21 to May 6 in 2016. Emotional labor including surface acting and deep acting; burnout factors such as emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment; and turnover intention were assessed. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro.

Results

Surface acting significantly increased emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment. Deep acting significantly increased personal accomplishment. Emotional exhaustion significantly increased turnover intention. Conversely, personal accomplishment significantly reduced turnover intention. Surface acting had an indirect effect on turnover intention that was mediated by emotional exhaustion. Deep acting had an indirect effect on turnover intention that was mediated by personal accomplishment. Authentic leadership had a moderated mediation effect on the relationship between surface acting and turnover intention that was mediated by emotional exhaustion.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that the establishment of strong authentic leadership by head nurses would help nurses reduce their burnout and turnover intention. Conducting intervention studies would be also important to promote better work environments that would enable nurses to fortify the positive aspect of emotional labor and to reduce their burnout levels.

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Predictors of Job Performance, Work Satisfaction, and Productivity among Korean Hospital Nurses: Hae Jung Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(4):571-583. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.4.571

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of burnout experienced by Korean hospital nurses (N=198), and to identify predictors of their nursing outcomes such as job performance, work satisfaction, and productivity. METHOD: Hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify predictors of each nursing outcomes. Included predictors were nurses' general characteristics, work- related characteristics (role stress and perceived control), and burnout. Results: Korean nurses experienced higher levels of burnout compared to the cutoffs suggested by Maslach and Jackson (1986) and to those in the USA. For each nursing outcome, predictor variables explained 39% of the variance in role performance, 30% of the variance in work satisfaction, and 38% of variance in productivity. Higher personal accomplishment, lower role ambiguity, being staff nurses, and lower emotional exhaustion were related to higher job performance, and higher productivity. Lower role conflict and role ambiguity were also related to higher work satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, managemental interventions for nurses to reduce their burnout experience are needed. Further study in this area is warranted.

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Predictors of Burnout among Informal Caregivers of Older Adults: Using Discriminant Analysis: Haejung Lee, Rhayun Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(3):585-595. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.3.585

Abstract PDF: The purse fo this study was to examine the predictors of burnout among informal caregivers of older adults. One hundred thirty seven caregivers of who had provided care to older adults over 60 years of age for more than one month were included in the study. Most of the caregivers where white (91%) and female (78%). mean ages of the caregivers were 64 years and 78% of them were married. Seventy percent of the older adults suffered from Alzheimer and related disease. In this study, caregivers and related disease. In this study, caregivers reported that they experience burnout once a month. The scores of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment of the caregivers were in the moderate burnout rang. To examine the predictors of burnout, discriminant analysis was used. Caregivers were divided by two groups based on the sum of score (cutpoint=6) on three dimensions of burnout after each dimension was categorized into high(3), moderate(2), and low(1). Nine predictors were include in the analysis: Caregiver's age, employment status, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) of the older adult, presence of dementia of the older adult, caregiver's empathy toward the older adult(emotional and cognitive), and 3 coping strategies (negative, problem-focused, cognitive reconstructioning). Catefgivers who reported high burnout showed higher cognitive empathy toward the adults than those who showed low burnout. Caregivers who experienced high burnout used negative coping more often, and cognitive reconstructioning coping and problem focused coping less often than their counterparts. Wilks' Lambda was .78 indicating that their differences between the two groups were signigicant. Cognitive empathy and cognitive reconstructioning coping showed high standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients over .40. Discriminant function with 9 predictors correctly classified 71% of the sample. In conclusion, informal caregivers also experienced certain level of burnout. Cognitive empathy and coping strategies predicted burnout experience of the caregivers. Based on this study, nursing intervention to the informal caregovers to improve their cognitive empathy toward the older adults and to modify their coping strategies in way to reduce burnout experience can be applied. Further research to develop effective nursing interventions for the purpose of reducing burnout experience by modifying predictors was suggested.

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Hardiness: Determinants of Psychological Distress from Stress: Mi Ra Lee, Hee Young So, Eun Kyong Ahn, Tae Sook Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(3):583-590. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.3.583

Abstract PDF

This study was understand in order to examine the effect of hardness on stress-causing factors, defined in this study as burnout in nursing. The subjects were 248 nurses working in three general hospitals in Taejon. The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, modified Health-Related Hardiness Scale(HRHS) (25 items), job stress scale (63 items), and burnout scale(20 items). Analysis of data was done through the mean, percentage, Person correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression done with a SAS program. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The average item score for the job stress was high at 4.44. In the subcategories, the highest degree of stress was night duty(5.11), and work overload(4.70), responsibility for extra affairs(4.70), conflict in nurse-doctor relationships(4.69), and low reward (4.63) in that order. 2) In the stepwise multiple regression analysis, hardiness(11.55%) was a significant determinant of burnout along with job stress(17.24%) and job duration(12.94%). The results of this study show that hardiness has an effect on psychological distress caused by stress.

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A comprehensive model for predicting burnout in Korean nurses
Haejung Lee, Rhayun Song, Young Suk Cho, Gil Za Lee, Barbara Daly
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2003; 44(5): 534. CrossRef

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Association between Emotional Labor, Emotional Dissonance, Burnout and Turnover Intention in Clinical Nurses: A Multiple-Group Path Analysis across Job Satisfaction: Chi-Yun Back, Dae-Sung Hyun, Sei-Jin Chang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(6):770-780. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.6.770

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of emotional labor, emotional dissonance, and burnout on nurse's turnover intention and examine the effect of job satisfaction on the relationships among emotional labor, emotional dissonance, burnout, and turnover intention.

Methods

The sample consisted of 350 nurses recruited from 6 general hospitals in 2 cities in Korea. A multiple-group analysis was utilized. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics 23 and AMOS 20.

Results

In the path analysis, turnover intention was directly related to burnout in clinical nurses who had a high job satisfaction (b=.24, p=.003), while it was indirectly related to emotional dissonance (b=.13, p=.002). In the multiple-group path analysis, turnover intention was directly related to emotional dissonance (b=.18, p=.033) and burnout (b=.26, p=.002) for nurses with low job satisfaction.

Conclusion

These results indicate that manuals and guidelines to alleviate the negative effects of emotional labor, emotional dissonance, and burnout, and to increase job satisfaction are strongly required to reduce turnover intention in nurses at the organizational level as well as at the individual level.

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The Effects of Violence Coping Program Based on Middle-Range Theory of Resilience on Emergency Room Nurses’ Resilience, Violence Coping, Nursing Competency and Burnout: Seung Min Lee, Kyung Mi Sung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):332-344. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.332

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a violence coping program (VCP) based on Polk's middle-range theory of resilience on nursing competency, resilience, burnout, and the ability to cope with violence in nurses working in emergency rooms.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study, with a nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design, was conducted. Participants were 36 nurses who worked in emergency rooms and had experienced violence; 18 nurses from D hospital and 18 nurses from C hospital were assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group received the VCP twice per week for 8 weeks.

Results

Levels of resilience, F=59.41, p<.001, active coping behavior, c²=33.09, p<.001, and nursing competency, F=59.41 p<.001, increased significantly and levels of passive coping behavior, c²=22.92, p<.001, and burnout, F=52.74, p<.001, decreased significantly in the experimental group.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the VCP could be an effective strategy for reducing burnout and improving resilience, active coping behavior, and nursing competency. Therefore, it would be a useful intervention for improving the quality of nursing care provided in emergency rooms.

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Structural Equation Modeling on Burnout in Clinical Nurses based on CS-CF Model: Hyun-Jung Kim, Young-Hee Yom; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(3):259-269. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.3.259

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation modeling on burnout of clinical nurses based on CS-CF model.

Methods

A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 557 clinical nurses. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Results

The modified hypothetical model yielded the following χ²=289.70, p<.001, RMSEA=.09, GFI=.93, TLI=.91, CFI=.94, PCFI=.65, AIC=363.21, SRMR=.05 or less and showed good fit indices. Nursing work environment, patient safety culture and resilience showed indirect effects on burnout while compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction had direct effects.

Conclusion

Results of this study suggest that compassion fatigue must be decreased and compassion satisfaction has to be increased, while burnout is lowered by enhancing the clinical nursing work environment, patient safety culture and resilience. In addition, more variables and longitudinal studies are necessary to validate the clear cause-and-effect relationship between the relevant variables.

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Structural Relationship of Burnout and Related Variables among Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients: Min Joo Hong, Young Sook Tae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(6):812-820. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.6.812

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct a structural equational model to explain and predict burnout in family caregivers of patients with cancer. The study was based on the Stress-Appraisal-Coping Model of Lazarus and Folkman (1984) and Family Stress Theory (Hill, 1958).

Methods

Data were collected from July 10 to September 30, 2012 through direct interviews and a self-report questionnaire survey. Participants in this study were 206 family caregivers providing care for patients with cancer in In-patient or Out-patient departments of three different general hospitals located in Busan. Measured variables were exogenous variables (social support and perceived health status) and endogenous variables (perceived stress, hope and burnout).

Results

Goodness of fit in the hypothetical model was χ²=174.07, TLI=.95, CFI=.97, RMSEA=.08. Perceived health status, perceived stress, and hope showed statistically significant direct effects on burnout of family caregivers. Social support affected burnout of family caregivers indirectly. These variables explained 68.5% of total variance in burnout.

Conclusion

The results from this study suggest that perceived stress, perceived health status, and hope should be considered as major influential factors when developing nursing interventions to control burnout of family caregivers (of patients with cancer).

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Effects of Nurses' Mentoring on Turnover Intention: Focused on the Mediating Effects Role Stress and Burnout: Sangsook Han, Ohsook Kim, Yunsu Joo, Eunduck Choi, Jeongwon Han; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):605-612. Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.605

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the casual relationship between nurses' mentoring and turnover intention and to verify the goodness of fit between a hypothetical model and actual data in order to suggest an adequate model.

Methods

The survey was conducted with 434 nurses working in general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected during February 2013, and analyzed with SPSS Windows 18.0 and AMOS 7.0.

Results

Mentoring was found to have a direct effect on decrease in role stress. Role stress had a direct effect on increase in burnout and mentoring, with role stress as a mediator, there was an indirect effect on burnout. Burnout had a direct effect on increase in turnover intention, and role stress, with burnout as a mediator, and mentoring, through role stress and burnout, an indirect effect was found on increase in turnover intention.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that nursing managers should put effort into reducing role stress and burnout, while seeking to establish a more efficient mentoring system so that for nurses, there will be a lowering of turnover intention.

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Analysis of Burnout and Job Satisfaction among Nurses Based on the Job Demand-Resource Model: Young-Hee Yom; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(1):114-122. Published online February 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.114

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine burnout and job satisfaction among nurses based on Job Demand-Resource Model.

Methods

A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 464 hospital nurses. Analysis of data was done with both SPSS Win 17.0 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 18.0 for the structural equation model.

Results

The hypothetical model yielded the following Chi-square=34.13 (p = <.001), df=6, GFI=.98, AGFI=.92, CFI=.94, RMSR=.02, NFI=.93, IFI=.94 and showed good fit indices. Workload had a direct effect on emotional exhaustion (β = 0.39), whereas supervisor support had direct effects on emotional exhaustion (β = -0.24), depersonalization (β = -0.11), and low personal accomplishment (β = -0.22). Emotional exhaustion (β = -0.42), depersonalization (β = -0.11) and low personal accomplishment (β = -0.36) had significant direct effects on job satisfaction.

Conclusion

The results suggest that nurses' workload should be decreased and supervisor's support should be increased in order to retain nurses. Further study with a longitudinal design is necessary.

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Relationships between Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, and Turnover Intention in Korean Hospital Nurses: Kiwol Sung, Youngsook Seo, Jee Hee Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(7):1087-1094. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.7.1087

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study aimed to identify relationships between compassion fatigue, burnout, and turnover intention in Korean hospital nurses.

Methods

In total, 142 hospital nurses were surveyed as part of data collection. Data related to compassion fatigue, burnout, and turnover intention were collected using a questionnaire between May 2011 and September 2011. The data analysis was performed using PASW 19.0 program, which included one-way ANOVA, independent t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis.

Results

This study detected a positive correlation between compassion fatigue and burnout(r=.37, p<.001), and turnover intention(r=.55, p<.001). Compassion fatigue accounted for 29.6% of the variance for turnover intention among Korean hospital nurses.

Conclusion

The results indicate that it is necessary to reduce compassion fatigue, and turnover intention among Korean hospital nurses.

Citations

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Effects of Compassion Satisfaction and Social Support in the Relationship between Compassion Fatigue and Burnout in Hospital Nurses: Young-Hee Yom, Hyun-Jung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):870-878. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.870

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of compassion satisfaction and social support in the relationship between compassion fatigue and burnout among hospital nurses.

Methods

The participants were 430 nurses working in general hospitals. Data were collected with self-administrated questionnaires and analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression.

Results

(a) Compassion fatigue had a significant positive effect on burnout; (b) social support and compassion satisfaction had negative effects on burnout, and (c) social support and compassion satisfaction did not moderate the effects of compassion fatigue on burnout.

Conclusion

These findings provide strong empirical evidence for the importance of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and social support in explaining burnout of nurses. Also, it would be of great value to further define compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction even though these concepts are not accepted in the realities of health care.

Citations

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Contingent Nurses' Burnout and Influencing Factors: Won Ock Kim, Sook Ja Moon, Sang Sook Han; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(6):882-891. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.6.882

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was designed to identify burnout and factors influencing burnout in contingent nurses.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was conducted with a sample of 228 contingent nurses randomly selected from 25 general hospitals in Korea. The tools used for this study were scales measuring burnout (8 items), job stress (8 items), job satisfaction (9 items), self efficacy (9 items), organizational commitment (9 items), empowerment (9 items), autonomy (7 items) and social support (8 items). The data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 employing Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis.

Results

The mean score for burnout in contingent nurses was 3.05 points. Factors influencing burnout in contingent nurses were identified as job stress (β=.40), satisfaction level with current ward (β=-.25), organizational commitment (β=-.21), job satisfaction (β=-.19) and empowerment (β=-.16). These factors explained 65.0% of burnout reported by contingent nurses.

Conclusion

The results indicate which factors are major factors influencing burnout in contingent nurses in general hospitals. Therefore, these factors may serve as predictors of burnout in contingent nurses.

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