Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Nam Cho Kim

18 Articles

Trends in Nursing Research in Korea: Research Trends for Studies Published from the Inaugural Issue to 2010 in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing and the Journals Published by Member Societies under Korean Academy of Nursing Science: Myoung-Ae Choe, Nam Cho Kim, Kyung Mi Kim, Sung Jae Kim, Kyung Sook Park, Young Soon Byeon, Sung Rae Shin, Soo Yang, Kyung Sook Lee, Eun Hyun Lee, In Sook Lee, Tae Wha Lee, Myung Ok Cho, Jin Hak Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(5):484-494. Published online October 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.484

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify trends for studies published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing and journals published by member societies from inaugural issues to 2010.

Methods

A total of 6890 studies were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

Quantitative studies accounted for 83.6% while qualitative studies accounted for 14.4%. Most frequently used research designs were quasi-experimental (91.1%) for experimental research and survey (85.2%) for non-experimental research. Most frequent study participants were healthy people (35.8%), most frequent nursing interventions, nursing skills (53.5%), and 39.8% used knowledge, attitude and behavior outcomes for dependent variables. Most frequently used keyword was elderly. Survey studies decreased from 1991 to 2010 by approximately 50%, while qualitative studies increased by about 20%. True experimental research (1.2%) showed no significant changes. Studies focusing on healthy populations increased from 2001-2005 (37.5%) to 2006-2010 (41.0%). From 1970 to 2010, studies using questionnaire accounted for over 50% whereas physiological measurement, approximately 5% only. Experimental studies using nursing skill interventions increased from 1970-1980 (30.4%) to 2006-2010 (64.0%). No significant changes were noted in studies using knowledge, attitude and behavior (39.9% ) as dependent variables.

Conclusion

The results suggest that further expansion of true experimental, qualitative studies and physiological measurements are needed.

Citations

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Future Outlook of Nursing Management Research: Analysis of Articles Published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration from 2012-2021
Eungyung Kim, Sung-Hyun Cho, Jihyun Kim, Jong Kyung Kim, Eunhee Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(5): 553. CrossRef
A comprehensive analysis of research trends on andropause among middle-aged South Korean men
Young Hwa Lee, Sun Jung Park, Hyun Ji Kim, Bock Soon Park, Hyo Yeol Jang, Ha Na Cho, Young Sook Lim
International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES.2023; 10(6): 129. CrossRef
An Analytical Study on Research Trends in Auriculotherapy in Korea
Mijung Kim, Eunyoung Chung, Mi Sook Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2020; 27(4): 323. CrossRef
Analysis of Research Topics and Trends in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing to Improve Its International Influence
Soyoung Yu, Jeung-Im Kim, Jin-Hee Park, Sun Joo Jang, Eunyoung E. Suh, Ju-Eun Song, YeoJin Im
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(4): 501. CrossRef
Prenatal nursing intervention studies published in Korean nursing journals: a scoping review
Seo Yun Kim, Hae Won Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(2): 109. CrossRef
Reflection-related Research in Korean Nursing: A Literature Review
Mikyoung Lee, Keum-Seong Jang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2019; 25(2): 83. CrossRef
Current Research Trends in Hospice-Related Domestic Nursing Research Theses (1998~2017)
Won Soon Kim
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2019; 22(1): 19. CrossRef
A Literature Review of Research on Leadership of Korean Hospital Nurse
Sunmi Kim, Myoung Hee Seo, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Yoon Lee Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2019; 25(5): 404. CrossRef
Analysis of Nursing Research Trends in the Korean Journal of Health Service Management 2007-2018
Keum-Seong Jang, Jeong Eun Moon
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2019; 13(4): 33. CrossRef
Trend Analysis of Research Articles Published in the Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing from 2013 to 2017
Young Jin Lee, Seo Yun Kim, Saem Yi Kang, Yoo Jeong Kang, Lan Jin, Hee Yoen Jung, Hae Won Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(1): 90. CrossRef
A Literature Review of the Studies on Cultural Competency of Nurses and Nursing Students in Korea
Min-A Kim, So-Eun Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(4): 450. CrossRef
A Review of Trend of Nursing Theories related Caregivers in Korea
Sung Hae Kim, Yoona Choi, Ji-Hye Lee, Da-El Jang, Sanghee Kim
The Open Nursing Journal.2018; 12(1): 26. CrossRef
Analysis of Research Articles Published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration for 3 Years (2013~2015): The Application of Text Network Analysis
Tae Wha Lee, Kwang-Ok Park, GyeongAe Seomun, Miyoung Kim, Jee-In Hwang, Soyoung Yu, Seok Hee Jeong, Min Jung, Mikyung Moon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(1): 101. CrossRef
Trend Analysis of Research in the Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing (2010~2015)
Yerin Cha, Joeun Kwon, Sunhye Kwon, Kyung Hee Lee, Jiyun An
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2017; 19(2): 92. CrossRef
The Trends in Research on the Health of North Korean Refugees
Hyun-Ju Lim, Guna Lee, Sook-Ja Yang
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2017; 28(2): 144. CrossRef
Trends in Nursing Research on Cancer Patients Nutrition in Korea
Su-Ol Kim
Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(1): 1. CrossRef
Analysis of Research Papers Published in the Journal of Muscle and Joint Health on Research Trends, Nursing Intervention and Quality Assessment of Intervention Studies
Mi Yang Jeon, Young Eun, Eun Nam Lee, Hye Sook Min, Won-Sook Bak, Mi-Kyung Choi, Rhayun Song, Inok Lee, Hee Kwon Choi, Gyeyoung Shin, Minju Kim, Kyung-Sook Lee, Myung Sook Lee, Kyung-Sook Cho, Ju Sung Kim, Yeo Sook Chung
Journal of muscle and joint health.2016; 23(3): 214. CrossRef
An Analysis of Research Studies Published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing (JKPMHN) based on Knowledge Development Classifications of Nursing: Publication Articles from 2010 to 2014
Ji-Hye Kim, Seog-Bun Yoo
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016; 25(1): 21. CrossRef
A Critical Discussion on the Academic Fundamentals and the Missions of Child Health Nursing
Kap-Chul Cho
Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(4): 311. CrossRef
Use of Animals for Nursing Research in Korea
Hae Young Yoo
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2015; 17(4): 324. CrossRef
Trends in Nursing Research on Children and Adolescents with Cancer in Korea
Sang-Dol Kim, So-Eun Choi, Sun-Hee Choi
Asian Oncology Nursing.2015; 15(3): 123. CrossRef
Effects of Nursing Research Support Program on the Attitudes and the Barriers of the Nurse
Young-Ok Yang
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(12): 8556. CrossRef
Comparison of Domestic and International Research (1992-2011): Intensive Care Nursing Studies
Eun Hee Choi, Eun Hee Jang, Ji Youn Choi, So Jung Lee, Hyo Kuyng Seo, Kyung Sook Park
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(4): 384. CrossRef
Trends of Studies Published in Asian Oncology Nursing, 2011~2014
Soo Hyun Kim, Min Young Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Hye Kyung Kim, Insook Lee, Jiyeon Lee, Yun Hee Ham, Eunjung Ryu
Asian Oncology Nursing.2015; 15(2): 114. CrossRef

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Incidence and Factors Influencing Oral Mucositis in Patients with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Kwan Suk Jo, Nam Cho Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(5):542-551. Published online October 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.542

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to examine the incidence of oral mucositis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients and to identify factors influencing oral mucositis and patient outcomes according to severity.

Methods

In this retrospective study, data were collected from electronic medical records of 222 patients who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Oral mucositis was evaluated using WHO's assessment scale. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Spearman's correlation, Ordinal logistic regression, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results

A total of 69.8% of the patients evaluated developed oral mucositis (grade II and over). As a results of ordinal regression, factors influencing oral mucositis severity were found to be diagnosis, type of transplantation, oxygen inhalation and the number of antiemetics administration before transplantation. The severity of oral mucositis was found to increase the days of hospitalization, days of TPN administration, days of using antibiotics and the number and dosage of analgesics.

Conclusion

The results would help predict severity of oral mucositis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients and suggest that provision of appropriate nursing assessment and oral care would improve patient outcomes.

Citations

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The Effects of Two Kinds of Gargles on Oral Mucositis in Patients After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Wei Hu, Hua Jiang, Ting Wang, Xiu-Juan Guo, Bei-Bei Zhang, Yan Song, Ce Shi, Xiao-Dong Xu, Lin-Nan Wang, Xin-Xin He, Bo-ning Liu, Jun-xiu Zhou, Ze-yu Xue
Transplantation Proceedings.2024; 56(9): 2027. CrossRef
Nutritional status as a predictor of adverse events and survival in pediatric autologous stem cell transplant
Izabela Kranjčec, Nuša Matijašić, Mario Mašić, Alen Švigir, Gordana Jakovljević, Ante Bolanča
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology.2020; 37(8): 717. CrossRef
Kemoterapi ve Radyoterapi Alan Hastalarda Oral Mukozit: Bir Gözden Geçirme
Seher ÇAKMAK, Nesrin NURAL
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi.2020; 13(3): 185. CrossRef
Experiences of Unrelated Hematopoietic Stem-cell Donors and Experts of Relevant Institutions
Soyoung Yu, Miok Kim, Tai-Gyu Kim, Su-Hee Beom
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(5): 522. CrossRef
Effect of Oral Cryotherapy for Reducing Oral Mucositis in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Seong-Hi Park, Su Ha Han
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(4): 362. CrossRef
Elimination of unplanned treatment breaks and dose reductions caused by mucositis: Positive implications for survival outcomes and cost reductions using high potency polymerized cross-linked sucralfate in 55 patients undergoing radiation for head and neck
Ricky Wayne McCullough
Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology.2017; 13(1): 10. CrossRef

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Development of Critical Thinking Skill Evaluation Scale for Nursing Students: So Young You, Nam Cho Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(2):129-138. Published online April 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.2.129

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To develop a Critical Thinking Skill Test for Nursing Students.

Methods

The construct concepts were drawn from a literature review and in-depth interviews with hospital nurses and surveys were conducted among students (n=607) from nursing colleges. The data were collected from September 13 to November 23, 2012 and analyzed using the SAS program, 9.2 version. The KR 20 coefficient for reliability, difficulty index, discrimination index, item-total correlation and known group technique for validity were performed.

Results

Four domains and 27 skills were identified and 35 multiple choice items were developed. Thirty multiple choice items which had scores higher than .80 on the content validity index were selected for the pre test. From the analysis of the pre test data, a modified 30 items were selected for the main test. In the main test, the KR 20 coefficient was .70 and Corrected Item-Total Correlations range was .11-.38. There was a statistically significant difference between two academic systems (p=.001).

Conclusion

The developed instrument is the first critical thinking skill test reflecting nursing perspectives in hospital settings and is expected to be utilized as a tool which contributes to improvement of the critical thinking ability of nursing students.

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Mio Leng Au, Yue Yi Li, Lai Kun Tong, Si Chen Wang, Wai I Ng
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Dongsuk Lee, Jiyeon Park
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Effect of a Situational Module Learning Course on Critical Thinking Disposition and Metacognition in Nursing Students: A Quasi-experimental Study
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Cristina Canova, Giorgio Brogiato, Gabriele Roveron, Renzo Zanotti
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A literature Review (1996-2014) on Critical Thinking in Korean Nursing Education for the Era of Convergence
Na-Sun Ha, So-Young Pak, Mi-Ja Lee
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A Study on application Course Embedded Assessment(CEA) for Program Outcome Assessment in Nursing Education
Soung-Mi Nam
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(5): 3121. CrossRef
Validation of Yoon's Critical Thinking Disposition Instrument
Hyunsook Shin, Chang Gi Park, Hyojin Kim
Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(4): 342. CrossRef

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Effects of 4% Hypertonic Saline Solution Mouthwash on Oral Health of Elders in Long Term Care Facilities: Ju Ok Kim, Nam Cho Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(1):13-20. Published online February 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.1.13

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to examine the effects of 4% hypertonic saline solution mouthwash and tooth brushing education on the oral health of elders living in long term care facilities.

Methods

In this quasi-experimental study, the participants were assigned to a 2% experimental group (n=20), a 4% experimental group (n=20), and a control group (n=20). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, Fisher exact test, Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple response analysis with the SAS program.

Results

Regular tooth brushing and use of 4% hypertonic saline solution mouthwash by elders provided better oral health by decreasing xerostomia, oral tongue plaque, halitosis, and the number of oral bacteria.

Conclusion

The results indicate that regular tooth brushing with continuous 4% hypertonic saline solution mouth washing education promotes oral health for elders in long term care facilities, thus the dental care described in this study is recommended for elders in long term facilities.

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Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2019; 19(4): 229. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2017; 19(3): 173. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016; 40(3): 149. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2014; 16(2): 141. CrossRef

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Effects of ASPAN's Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Promotion of Hypothermia of Patients with Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty: Je Bog Yoo, Hyun Ju Park, Ji Yeoun Chae, Eun Ju Lee, Yoo Jung Shin, Justin Sangwook Ko, Nam Cho Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(3):352-360. Published online June 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.3.352

Abstract PDF

Purpose

In this study an examination was done of the effects of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses (ASPAN) Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines on body temperature, shivering, thermal discomfort, and time to achieve normothermia in patients undergoing total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKRA) under spinal anesthesia.

Methods

This study was an experimental study with a randomized controlled trial design. Participants (n=60) were patients who underwent TKRA between December 2011 and March 2012. Experimental group (n=30) received active and passive warming measures as described in the ASPAN's guidelines. Control group (n=30) received traditional care. Body temperature, shivering, thermal discomfort, time to achieve normothermia were measured in both groups at 30 minute intervals.

Results

Experimental group had slightly higher body temperature compared to control group (p=.002). Thermal discomfort was higher in the experimental group before surgery but higher in the control group after surgery (p=.034). It decreased after surgery (p=.041) in both groups. Time to achieve normothermia was shorter in the experimental group (p=.010).

Conclusion

ASPAN's guidelines provide guidance on measuring patient body temperature at regular intervals and on individualized and differentiated hypothermia management which can be very useful in nursing care, particularly in protecting patient safety and improving quality of nursing.

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Effect of the ASPAN Guideline on Perioperative Hypothermia Among Patients With Upper Extremity Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2020; 35(3): 298. CrossRef
Patient Care Interventions to Reduce the Risk of Surgical Site Infections
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Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2014; 21(2): 112. CrossRef
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Effects of Nei-Guan Acupressure on Nausea, Vomiting and Level of Satisfaction for Gynecological Surgery Patients Who Are Using a Patient-Controlled Analgesia: Nam Cho Kim, Je Bog Yoo, Myung Sook Cho, Eun Ju Shin, Tae Soo Hahm; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(3):423-432. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.423

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to examine effects of Nei-Guan acupressure on nausea, vomiting and level of satisfaction for gynecological surgery patients who were using a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).

Methods

For this study, 51 patients were assigned to one of three groups, a control group (17 patients), experimental group 1 (finger acupressure group) (17 patients), and experimental group 2 (relief band group) (17 patients). The data were collected for 24 hr in the recovery room of a university hospital located in Seoul. The 6 hr-intervals including the time of leaving the recovery room were taken into consideration.

Results

The occurrence of nausea between the experimental group with Nei-Guan acupressure treatment and the control group was different. However, there was no difference in nausea and vomiting control or level of patient satisfaction between the finger acupressure group and the relief band group.

Conclusion

Nei-Guan acupressure is recommended for nursing practice as a way for alleviating the opioid-induced nausea and accelerating the recovery of patients who are using PCA after surgery.

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RECENT LITERATURE

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Development of a Scale to Measure Korean Ego-integrity in Older Adults: Sung Ok Chang, Eun Sook Kong, Kwuy Bun Kim, Nam Cho Kim, Ju Hee Kim, Chun Gill Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Mi Soon Song, Soo Yeon Ahn, Kyung Ja Lee, Young Whee Lee, Si Ja Chon, Nam Ok Cho, Myung Ok Cho, Kyung Sook Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(3):334-342. Published online April 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.3.334

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Ego-integrity in older adults is the central concept related to quality of life in later life. Therefore, for effective interventions to enhance the quality of later life, a scale to measure ego-integrity in older adults is necessary. This study was carried out to develop a scale to measure ego-integrity in older adults.

Methods

This study utilized cronbach's alpha in analyzing the reliability of the collected data and expert group, and factor analysis and item analysis to analyze validity.

Results

Seventeen items were selected from a total of 21 items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .88 for the 17 items of ego-integrity in the older adults scale. Three factors evolved by factor analysis, which explained 50.71% of the total variance.

Conclusion

The scale for measuring ego-integrity in Korean older adults in this study was evaluated as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity.

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The effects of ego integrity and readiness for death on the preferences of care near the end-of-life of hospitalized older adults in long-term care hospitals: A cross-sectional correlation study
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The Concept Analysis of Ego-integrity in the Elderly: Sung Ok Chang, Eun Sook Kong, Kwuy Bun Kim, Nam Cho Kim, Ju Hee Kim, Chun Gill Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Mi Soon Song, Soo Yeon Ahn, Kyung Ja Lee, Young Whee Lee, Si Ja Chon, Nam Ok Cho, Myung Ok Cho, Kyung Sook Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(7):1172-1183. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.7.1172

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Ego-integrity in Erikson's stage theory is used frequently among health team members related to the care of the elderly and has specific meanings within the context of quality of life in later life. However, the concept of ego-integrity in the elderly has not been well articulated in the literature. This study was conducted clarify and conceptualize the phenomena of ego-integrity in the elderly.

Method

A Hybrid Model of concept development was applied to develop a concept of ego-integrity, which included a field study carried out in Seoul, South Korea using in-depth interviews with old adults who were admitted as a right person for research subject according to attributes of ego-integrity analysed in the theoretical phase.

Results

The concept of ego-integrity emerged as a complex phenomenon having meanings in several different dimensions which encompassed several attributes.

Conclusions

Ego-integrity is a concept having needs that should be treated in a specific way and it is possible to enrich the meaning and methods to manage ego-integrity in nursing interventions for promoting quality of life so that its application may have effects that have positive impacts on the elderly's well being.

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Physical Health Status and Depression of a Community-Dwelling Elderly Group: Nam Cho Kim, Soo Yang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(6):1012-1020. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.6.1012

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe physical health and depression status, as well as to assessing factors that influence the physical health status.
METHOD
The data was collected from July to August 2000. Study participants were 252 community-dwelling elderly who were recruited from 10 senior centers located in Seoul, Korea. Their physical health status was measured using the Physical Health Status Measurement Scale developed by Choi and Jung (1991), and depression was measured using BDI-II developed by Beck et al. (1996).
RESULTS
1) The physical health status score was 4.00 +/-0.68 (range :1-5). The sub-dimension that showed the highest score was personal hygiene ability at 4.62+/-0.95, and the lowest score was sexual function at 2.20+/-1.38. 2. The depression score was 17.99+9.79 (range : 0-63). Regarding the sub-dimensions, the depression scores were higher in the domain of interest with sexuality, general weakness, difficulty in concentration, and fatigue. 3. Deeper levels of depression were correlated with a declining physical health status. 4. The most influential factor on physical health was depression, and the explaining variance was 31.68%.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that elder subjects in senior centers had fairly good physical health and self-care ability. Also, they did not have significantly high levels of depression. Therefor, health promotion of elderly, it is recommended that elder individuals should be regarded as a respectful and useful segment of our society. Along with this basic concept, there should be a social milieu that does not snow prejudice. Moreover, health care professionals should give more attention to helping the elderly achieve a minimal level of ALD, and, particularly, to raise sexuality and help energize the lives of elder individuals.

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Factors Influencing Pain with Terminally Ill Cancer Patients in Hospice Units: You Ja Ro, Nam Cho Kim, Young Sun Hong, Jin Sun Yong; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(2):206-220. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.2.206

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of depression, discomfort, spirituality, physical care, and opioid use on pain with terminally ill cancer patients residing in hospice units. The convenient sample of this study consisted of 41 terminally ill cancer patients at three hospice units in university affiliated hospitals. Patients were interviewed with structured questionnaires three times at predetermined intervals: admission to the hospice unit (Time 1), one week later (Time 2), and two weeks later (Time 3). The data was collected from January 1998 to January 1999 and was analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean age of the participants was approximately 55 years old. In terms of diagnosis, lung cancer showed the highest frequency (19.5%), followed by stomach cancer and rectal cancer (17.1%). The motive of seeking hospice unit admission was control (72. 2%), followed by spiritual care (50%), and symptom relief (38.9%). 2. Regarding the type of pain felt, the highest pain frequency the participants experienced was deep pain (55%), followed by multiple pain (25%), intestinal pain (10%), then superficial (5%) and neurogenic pain (5%). For the level of pain measured by VAS, there was no significant difference among the three time points; Time 1 (5.04 +/-2.21), Time 2 (4.82+/-2.58) and Time 3(4.73+/-2.51). 3. There was significant change seen in spirituality and physical care in each time interval. Namely, the longer the length of admission at the hospice unit, the higher the importance of spirituality (p=0.0001) and the more the physical care the participants received (p=0.01). The opioid use at the three time points showed the following frequencies : Time 1 (75.6%), Time 2 (85.4%) and Time 3 (75.6%). 4. Regarding factors influencing pain, the pain level was significantly affected by the depression level (p <0.01) and the opioid use (p <0.1). These results were the most significant at the two time points (Time 1 and Time 2). At Time 3 (two weeks later), the pain level was significantly affected by the depression level (p <0.05) and the amount of physical care the participants received (p <0.1). In conclusion, the terminally ill cancer patients had moderate pain, were generally depressed, and were treated with opioid analgesics. As approaching death, the patients received more physical care due to increased physical symptoms experienced and they had a higher perception of the importance of spirituality. Thus, health care professionals need to provide continuous care for each of them to die comfortably physically, psycho- logically, and spiritually.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Fasting Glucose of Adults: Hee Seung Kim, You Ja Ro, Nam Cho Kim, Yang Sook Yoo, Jin Sun Young, Jeong Ah Oh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(6):1479-1487. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.6.1479

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted to draw out prevalence and the risk factors of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose for adults,(age 30-69). The subjects were 2096 adults, who had regular health examinations between January and December of 1999 at K Hospital in Seoul. The data was analyzed using chi-square test, unpaired t-test and logistic regression. Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose were diagnosed by ADA (American Diabetes Association, 1997) criteria. The results were as follows: 1. Mens' prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 7.9% and womens' prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 3.8%. Mens' prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 10.4% and womens' prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 6.5%. Prevalences of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose increased with age. 2. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose of obese subjects (relative body weight>=162) was higher than that of overweight subjects (110<=relative body weight<=119) in men and women. 3. The diagnoses of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose increased with systolic blood pressure and triglyceride. 4. Significant factors associated with diabetes in the logistic regression best gut model were age, relative body weight, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride in men, and systolic blood pressure in women. In conclusion, as age, weight, systolic blood pressure and triglyceride get higher, Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose prevalence also increases, porportionally.

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The Trends of Nursing Research in the Journal of the Korean Academy of Nursing: Kyung Sook Choi, Mi Soon Song, Ae Ran Hwang, Kyung Hee Kim, Myung Sill Chung, Sung Rhae Shin, Nam Cho Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1207-1218. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1207

Abstract PDF

This study examined all the research published in Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing (JKAN) for last 30 years, from its beginning year to year 1999, based on an objective frame of evaluation. The purpose of this study is to reflect the trend of nursing research in Korea to date, and to provide an optimal direction for future research. The total number of 959 studies were analyzed with the following results. 1. Since 1990s, the number of non-degree based research has been larger than that of degree-based research compared to 1970s and 1980s. Both collaborative and funded research has been particularly increased in a gradual rate. 2. Research on nurses or nursing students has decreased while research on more diverse populations such as patients, patient families, or community-dwelling healthy clients has increased. 3. While essential nursing concepts such as human, nursing, and health have been consistently dealt as main research topics, research related to the concept of environ- ment has been insufficiently conducted. 4. It was remarkable that the quality of nursing research has been improved due to the acknowledgement of the importance of the empirical research method within the nursing community. 5. Qualitative research has appeared in the journal since the late 1990s, but it is still regarded to be in its novice stage. 6. Although the utilization of research findings for expanding the nursing body of knowledge has been wide in diverse specialties, most studies are limited to focus on concept development or evolution yet. also, in some of these research finding are utilization already considerably as to develop nursing interventions. Based on these findings, conclusions are extended to the following discussions: For the last 30 years, nursing research in Korea has shown an acute methodological development in both quantity and quality. However, there has been a lack of research on theory development although it is one of the ultimate goals in nursing. Further research should be empirical enough to be utilized in an actual nursing care context, and thus to be basis of developing culturally competent nursing theories in Korea.

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Difference of the Obesity Index, Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in Abdominal and Non Abdominal in Men and Women: Hee Seung Kim, Nam Cho Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(4):948-955. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.4.948

Abstract PDF

This study was done to compare the difference of obesity index(waist-hip ratio, body fat, body mass index, relative body weight), blood pressure and serum lipids in abdominal obesity and non abdominal in both men and women. Abdominal and non abdominal obesity was divided into waist-hip ratio above 0.85 in women and 0.95 in men. The subjects were 412 adults (age range 40-59), who had regular health examinations between 1996 to 1997 at the S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA (for adjusted for age) and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. 39.9% of men and 42.5% of women had abdominal obesity. The average age group of abdominal obesity was 50.8 which is older than the non abdominal obesity group(48.0). 2. After they were adjusted for age, the group of men who have abdominal obesity had higher levels in body fat, body mass index, relative body weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and triglyceride than the group of non abdominal obesity group. The group of women with abdominal obesity had higer levels in body fat, body mass index, relative body weight , blood pressure and triglyceride than the group of non abdominal obesity. 3. In the group of non abdominal obesity, the waist-hip ratio was significantly correlated to body fat, body mass index, relative body weight, blood pressure and serum lipids the group of abdominal obesity in men and women.

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The Effect of Reminiscence with Audio-Visual Stimulation on Senile Dementia: Nam Cho Kim, Yang Sook Yoo, Sook Won Hahn; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(1):98-109. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.1.98

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect on improvement of the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and decrease the cognitive function and agitation behaviors by reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation for senile dementia. The quasi-experimental design was used in this study. Subjects were 26 with mild senile dementia who were cared for at a Day Care Center for Dementia in Seoul. The data were collected from March to July, 1999. Subjects were divided into three groups: Control I group with 10 subjects, reminiscence group(Control II group with 8 subjects), and reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation group(experimental group with 8 subjects). The Control I group got routine care as usual. Control II group participated in reminiscence sessions for one hour a day, five times a week, for a period of 4 weeks. The experimental group participated in reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation sessions for one hour a day, five times a week, for a period of 4 weeks. Instruments of this study were color photography with sound that was developed through an open questionnaire about events, objects, humans in action and animals that 100 Korean elderly over 60 would like to memorize. This was referred from the Sensory Stimuli Package by Namazi and Haynes(1994). The effects of treatment was evaluated through MMSE-K by Kwon & Park(1989). Also the Brief Cognitive Rating Scale(BCRS) by Reisberg et al(1983) for the cognitive function, through Agitation Inventory by Cohen- Mansfield and Colleague(1989) for behavioral response and through the Rapid Disability Rating Scale-2(RDRS-2) by Linn & Linn(1982) for the activity of daily living respectively. Data analysis was done using SPSS for X2-test, ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. Reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation did not improve cognitive function for senile dementia, but significantly improved verbal expression, the subscale of cognitive function. 2. Reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation reduced agitation behavior of experimental group significantly, but there was no significant difference between groups. 3. Reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation did not significantly effect the activity of daily living after treatment. In conclusion, it was shown that the reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation was an effective therapy to improve verbal expression and to reduce agitation behaviors of senile dementia. Further research with more indepth approach is needed, considering characteristic and level individualized for each senile dementia.

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A Study on the Educational Needs of Patients with Kidney Transplants and their Family Members after Discharge from Hospital: Jae Hyun Ahn, Nam Cho Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(6):1324-1335. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.6.1324

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to explore the educational needs of patients with, kidney transplants and their family members to develop a rehabilitational and educational program. Data were collected from January 29, 1999 to April 20, 1999 with interviews using a structured questionnaire. There were 184 subjects in this study. of them, 107 were patients who had kidney transplants and had visited at the out-patient department of three general hospitals located in Seoul and 77 were family members. The questionnaire used for this study was developed by the investigator through a literature review and from data collected from 11 professional personnel and three kidney transplant patients and their families. The data were analyzed using the SAS program with t-test, ANOVA, Scheff test, Pearson correlation coefficient. 1) In the patient group, total mean score for educational needs was 154.61 and the item mean score was 3.96. For the family group, total mean score for educational needs was 168.84 and the item mean score was 4.15. So in the family group, educational needs were scored higher than by the patient group. With regard to domains, both patient and family groups had as the highest educational needs, the domain of physical health and the top ten items in the educational needs were also in the domain of physical health. 2) In the patient group, women and the divorce/ bereavement group had higher educational needs in the domain of nutritional management, those who had been admitted longer than four weeks from their kidney transplant had higher educational needs in the domain of physical health and those who were less than 4 years from their transplant had higher educational needs in the domain of follow-up care. In the family group, those who were Catholics and had high school education had higher educational needs in the domain of nutritional management. 3) In the patient group, academic background was positively correlated(r=.208, p=.031) to educational needs.

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Model Development of Korean Professional Hospice Care Education: Euy Soon Choi, You Ja Ro, Sung Suk Han, Nam Cho Kim, Hee Seung Kim, Ho Ran Park, Sung Hee Ahn; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(5):1011-1020. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.5.1011

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted to develop an education program of hospice care for the professional in order to care for nurses for terminally ill patients facing death and their families. The Modified Tyler-Type Ends-Means model was used to guide the curriculum development of the study. The curriculum include a philosophical conception of hospice education, fundamental concepts, purpose, objective and the educational contents. The content was developed based upon a 70% or more demand in educational demand analysis. The education program has a total of 360 hours consisting of 172 hours of theoretical study and 188 hours of practice including fundamental nursing care for hospice.

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The Effects on EMG Level by EMG Biofeedback with Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training on Tension Headache: You Ja Ro, Nam Cho Kim, Hee Seung Kim; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1990;20(2):195-213. Published online March 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1990.20.2.195

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study is to assess if ENG biofeedback training with progressive muscle relaxation training is effective in reducing the EMG level in patients with tension headaches. This study which lasted from 23 October to 30 December 1989, was conducted on 10 females who were diagnosed as patients with tension headaches and selected from among volunteers at C. University in Seoul. The process of the study was as follows : First, before the treatment, the baseline was measured for two weeks and the level of EMG was measured five times in five minutes. And then EMG biofeedback training was used to six weeks, 12 sessions in all, and progressive muscle relaxation was done at home by audio tape over eight weeks. Each session was composed of a 5-minutes baseline, two 5-minutes EMG biofeedback training periods and a 5-minutes self-control stage. Each stage was followed by a five minutes rest period. So each session took a total of 40 minutes. The EMG level was measured by EMG biofeedback(Autogenic-Cyborg: M 130 EMG module). The results were as follows: 1. The average age of the subjects was 44.1 years and the average history of headache was 10.6 years(range : 6 months-20 years). 2.The level of EMG was lowest between the third and the fourth week of the raining except in Cases I and IV. 3. The patients began to show a nonconciliatory attitude at the first session of the fifth week of the training.

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Discrepancy in the scores of uncertainty perceived by patients and nurses' interperson perception: Yoon Bok Hahn, Myung Ja Kirn, You Ja Ro, Nam Cho Kim, Hee Seung Kim; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1988;18(3):231-238. Published online March 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1988.18.3.231

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare discrepancy in the scores of uncertainty perceived by patients and nurses' interperson perception. For this study, 124 hospitalized patients and the same numbered nurses assigned for direct care of each 124 patients were selected from general ward of C. University Hospital in Seoul during the time period from September to November 1987. Degree of uncertainty was measured by 27 items modified from Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (M-UIS), and was utilized by a Likert type scale The data were analysed by Menemar-test, Unpaired t-test, ANOVA. Scheffe-test and Stepwise multiple regression. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The discrepancy in the scores of uncertainty perceived by patients and nurses' interperson perception showed significant differences in 23 of 27 items : 11 of 23 items showed that the scores of patients' perception of uncertainty were higher than that of nurses' interperson perception of uncertainty but 12 of 23 items were revealed reversely. 2. With regard to nurse's demographic variables, the discrepancy scores were the higest in the group under 22 years of age (F=3.20, p=.026) and in the group less than 1 year of nursing experience among 4 groups (F=4.41, p=.006). 3. The discrepancy scores had a tendency to be lowered in the higher age group(r= - .27, p=.0026) and in the longer experienced group (r=-.25, p=.0052). 4. The most important variable affecting the discrepancy scores was identified to be the nurses' age which acounted for 7.2% fo the total variances in the stepwise multiple regression analysis. This was followed by patient hospital days which accounted for an additional 4.5% of the total variances. To conclude, the discrepancy in the scores of uncertainty perceived by patients and nurses' interperson perception showed significant differences in 23 of 27 items. The discrepancy scores of uncertainty had a tendancy to be lowered in the higher age group and in the longer experienced group.

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