Ju Ok Kim; Nam Cho Kim

doi:10.4040/jkan.2014.44.1.13

Articles

Page Path: HOME > J Korean Acad Nurs > Volume 44(1); 2014 > Article

Original Article
Effects of 4% Hypertonic Saline Solution Mouthwash on Oral Health of Elders in Long Term Care Facilities: Ju Ok Kim, Nam Cho Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2014;44(1):13-20.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.1.13
Published online: February 28, 2014

¹Department of Nursing, Bucheon University, Bucheon, Korea.

²College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Nam Cho. College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2258-7405, Fax: +82-2-2258-7772, kncpjo@catholic.ac.kr

• Received: August 26, 2013 • Revised: September 11, 2013 • Accepted: December 16, 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

18 Views
0 Download
5 Scopus

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
This study was done to examine the effects of 4% hypertonic saline solution mouthwash and tooth brushing education on the oral health of elders living in long term care facilities.
Methods
In this quasi-experimental study, the participants were assigned to a 2% experimental group (n=20), a 4% experimental group (n=20), and a control group (n=20). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, Fisher exact test, Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple response analysis with the SAS program.
Results
Regular tooth brushing and use of 4% hypertonic saline solution mouthwash by elders provided better oral health by decreasing xerostomia, oral tongue plaque, halitosis, and the number of oral bacteria.
Conclusion
The results indicate that regular tooth brushing with continuous 4% hypertonic saline solution mouth washing education promotes oral health for elders in long term care facilities, thus the dental care described in this study is recommended for elders in long term facilities.
Keywords: Hypertonic saline solution; Mouthwash; Oral health; Aged

This article is a condensed form of the first author's doctoral thesis from The Catholic University of Korea.

REFERENCES

1. Petersen PE, Yamamoto T. Improving the oral health of older people: The approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33(2):81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00219.xArticle PubMed
2. Shenkin JD, Baum BJ. Oral health and the role of the geriatrician. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49(2):229–230.Article PubMed
3. Petersen PE. Global policy for improvement of oral health in the 21st century-implications to oral health research of World Health Assembly 2007, World Health Organization. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2009;37(1):1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2008.00448.xPubMed
4. Vanobbergen JN, De Visschere LM. Factors contributing to the variation in oral hygiene practices and facilities in long-term care institutions for the elderly. Community Dent Health. 2005;22(4):260–265.PubMed
5. Chalmers J, Johnson V, Tang JH, Titler MG. Evidence-based protocol: Oral hygiene care for functionally dependent and cognitively impaired older adults. J Gerontol Nurs. 2004;30(11):5–12.
6. Frenkel H, Harvey I, Newcombe RG. Improving oral health in institutionalised elderly people by educating caregivers: A randomised controlled trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2001;29(4):289–297.PubMed
7. McDowell S. Are we using too much Betadine? RN. 1991;54(7):43–45.
8. Park MS. The effect of oral health care education for care providers in a long-term care facility [dissertation]. Seoul, Seoul National University. 2010.
9. Park HJ, Shin HS. The effects of mouth care with sterile normal saline on chemotherapy-induced stomatits. J Nurs Acad Soc. 1995;25(1):5–16.Article PDF
10. Carl W. Oral complications in cancer patients. Am Fam Physician. 1983;27(2):161–170.
11. Kim CY, Chung SC, Sohn WS. Comparison of the anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory effect of the dentifrices contatining NaCl and bamboo salt. J Korean Acad Dent Health. 1991;15(2):269–280.
12. Lee S. The effect of the dentifrice included bamboo salt, rosin etc on oral environment [dissertation]. Seoul, Kyung Hee University. 2004.
13. Andrius OK. Histologic changes of gingiva of rats after irrigation with sea water. J Dent Res. 1966;45(4):1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345660450043401Article PubMed PDF
14. Satdhabudha A, Poachanukoon O. Efficacy of buffered hypertonic saline nasal irrigation in children with symptomatic allergic rhinitis: A randomized double-blind study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;76(4):583–588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.01.022Article PubMed
15. Park MS. The effect of oral health care education for care providers in a long-term care facility [dissertation]. Seoul, Seoul National University. 2010.
16. Nieweg R, van Tinteren H, Poelhuis EK, Abraham-Inpijn L. Nursing care for oral complications associated with chemotherapy. A survey among members of the Dutch Oncology Nursing Society. Cancer Nurs. 1992;15(5):313–321.PubMed
17. Beck S. Impact of a systematic oral care protocol on stomatitis after chemotherapy. Cancer Nurs. 1979;2(3):185–199.Article PubMed
18. Park YJ, Hong MS. The influence of saline and betadine solution for gargle in the leukemic patients receiving chemotherapy. Chonnam J Nurs Sci. 1996;1(1):41–58.
19. Chung SH. The effect of essential oil mouthrinse on oral health of the community indwelling elderly [dissertation]. Seoul, The Catholic University. 2005.
20. Winkel EG, Roldán S, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Herrera D, Sanz M. Clinical effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc-lactate on oral halitosis. A dual-center, double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30(4):300–306.PubMed
21. Süslü N, Bajin MD, Süslü AE. Effects of buffered 2.3%, buffered 0.9%, and non-buffered 0.9% irrigation solutions on nasal mucosa after septoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;266(5):685–689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-008-0807-5Article PubMed PDF
22. Lee KN, Tae YS. The effects of mouth care on oral discomfort of cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs. 1999;11(4):785–795.
23. Ship JA. Diagnosing, managing, and preventing salivary gland disorders. Oral Dis. 2002;8(2):77–89.Article PubMed PDF
24. Epstein JB, Polsky B. Oropharyngeal candidiasis: A review of its clinical spectrum and current therapies. Clin Ther. 1998;20(1):40–57.Article PubMed
25. Lee MK, Kim HR, Ro BI. Identification of candida species by analysis of rRNA spacer regions. Korean J Med Mycol. 2006;11(1):13–18.
26. Kim BJ, Gong SH, Kim YH, Seol ME, Lee SG, Lee EM, et al. Care of cancer patients: Symptom management. 2nd ed. Seoul: Hyunmoon; 2001.
27. Wolff LF, Pihlstrom BL, Bakdash MB, Schaffer EM, Jensen JR, Aeppli DM, et al. Salt and peroxide compared with conventional oral hygiene. II. Microbial results. J Periodontol. 1987;58(5):301–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1987.58.5.301Article PubMed
28. Sauvaget E, David M, Bresson V, Retornaz K, Bosdure E, Dubus JC. Nebulized hypertonic saline and acute viral bronchiolitis in infants: Current aspects. Arch Pediatr. 2012;19(6):635–641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2012.03.018PubMed
29. Keojampa BK, Nguyen MH, Ryan MW. Effects of buffered saline solution on nasal mucociliary clearance and nasal airway patency. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;131(5):679–682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2004.05.026Article PubMed PDF

Table 1

Homogeneity Test for General Characteristics (N=60)

^*One-way ANOVA; ^†Fisher exact test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; CD=The number of combined disease; GD=Long term care insurance grade; ADL=Activities of daily living; MD=Metal working dentures fixed stars.

Table 2

Homogeneity Test for Variables related to Oral Health (N=60)

^*One-way ANOVA; ^†Kruskal Wallis test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; IQR=Interquartile range; CFU=Colony forming unit (1=1×10⁴).

Table 3

Comparison of Oral Health Status, Xerostomia, Oral Tongue Coating, Halitosis between Groups (N=60)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 4

Comparison of Number of Oral Bacteria (CFU) between Pre-test and Post-test 1 and 2 Weeks (N=60)

^*Wilcoxon signed ranks test; Exp=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; IQR=Interquartile range; CFU=Colony Forming Unit (1=1×10⁴).

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Effects of 4% Hypertonic Saline Solution Mouthwash on Oral Health of Elders in Long Term Care Facilities

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2014;44(1):13-20. Published online February 28, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.1.13

XML Download

We recommend

Effects of 4% Hypertonic Saline Solution Mouthwash on Oral Health of Elders in Long Term Care Facilities

Table 1

Homogeneity Test for General Characteristics (N=60)

Table 2

Homogeneity Test for Variables related to Oral Health (N=60)

^*One-way ANOVA; ^†Kruskal Wallis test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; IQR=Interquartile range; CFU=Colony forming unit (1=1×10⁴).

Table 3

Comparison of Oral Health Status, Xerostomia, Oral Tongue Coating, Halitosis between Groups (N=60)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 4

Comparison of Number of Oral Bacteria (CFU) between Pre-test and Post-test 1 and 2 Weeks (N=60)

^*Wilcoxon signed ranks test; Exp=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; IQR=Interquartile range; CFU=Colony Forming Unit (1=1×10⁴).

Table 1 Homogeneity Test for General Characteristics (N=60)

Table 2 Homogeneity Test for Variables related to Oral Health (N=60)

^*One-way ANOVA; ^†Kruskal Wallis test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; IQR=Interquartile range; CFU=Colony forming unit (1=1×10⁴).

Table 3 Comparison of Oral Health Status, Xerostomia, Oral Tongue Coating, Halitosis between Groups (N=60)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 4 Comparison of Number of Oral Bacteria (CFU) between Pre-test and Post-test 1 and 2 Weeks (N=60)

^*Wilcoxon signed ranks test; Exp=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; IQR=Interquartile range; CFU=Colony Forming Unit (1=1×10⁴).