, 신지혜
, 이수연
, Jihye Shin
, Soo Yeon Lee
고려대학교 간호대학
College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
© 2025 Korean Society of Nursing Science
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| Characteristic | Total (N=469) | EFA (n=246) | CFA (n=223) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Men | 26 (5.5) | 16 (6.5) | 10 (4.5) |
| Women | 443 (94.5) | 230 (93.5) | 213 (95.5) |
| Age (yr) | |||
| 20–29 | 181±38.6 | 91±37.0 | 90±40.4 |
| 30–39 | 190±40.5 | 97±39.4 | 93±41.7 |
| ≥40 | 98±20.9 | 58±23.6 | 40±18.0 |
| Mean age (yr) | 33.3±6.9 | 33.7±7.1 | 32.9±6.7 |
| Total career (yr) | |||
| <1 | 27 (5.8) | 12 (4.9) | 15 (6.7) |
| 1–<3 | 90 (19.2) | 51 (20.7) | 39 (17.5) |
| 3–<5 | 79 (16.8) | 37 (15.0) | 42 (18.8) |
| 5–<10 | 112 (23.9) | 59 (24.0) | 53 (23.8) |
| ≥10 | 161 (34.3) | 87 (35.4) | 74 (33.2) |
| Mean total career (yr) | 8.71±7.43 | 8.86±7.49 | 8.54±7.37 |
| Communication education experience | |||
| Yes | 356 (75.9) | 179 (72.8) | 177 (79.4) |
| No | 113 (24.1) | 67 (27.2) | 46 (20.6) |
| Department | |||
| Ward | 252 (53.7) | 143 (58.1) | 109 (48.9) |
| Outpatient center | 27 (5.5) | 11 (4.5) | 15 (6.7) |
| ICU, OR, ER | 167 (35.6) | 90 (36.6) | 77 (34.5) |
| Others | 24 (5.1) | 2 (0.8) | 22 (9.9) |
| Factors/items | Communality | Factor loading | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
| 1. Ability to apply therapeutic communication skills | ||||
| Q3. I can create a good conversation atmosphere by observing the individual’s reactions. | .53 | .69 | .13 | .19 |
| Q5. I can look at a individual comfortably and sensitively notice changes in facial expression. | .50 | .69 | .13 | .10 |
| Q1. I can appropriately adjust the volume and tone of my voice when talking to a individual. | .45 | .64 | -.03 | .18 |
| Q16. I can recognize that a crisis situation has occurred during the communication process with the individual. | .46 | .61 | .30 | .09 |
| Q7. I can express difficult medical terms in simple terms so that the patient can easily understand them. | .43 | .61 | .05 | .24 |
| Q8. I can explain the individual’s health condition to the individual’s guardian so that they can understand it. | .46 | .60 | .10 | .31 |
| Q4. I can effectively establish a counseling plan with the individual. | .44 | .59 | .26 | .16 |
| Q2. I can convey the content of the conversation clearly to the individual without using ambiguous expressions. | .42 | .58 | .05 | .28 |
| Q18. I can appropriately address the individual’s needs when the individual does not want to talk about an experience. | .53 | .54 | .48 | .07 |
| Q6. I can help the individual express his or her feelings honestly. | .40 | .52 | .31 | .17 |
| Q24. I can create an appropriate environment during counseling so that the individual can feel comfortable. | .51 | .51 | .49 | .11 |
| Q17. I can remain calm with people who don’t quite understand my explanations. | .44 | .51 | .37 | .21 |
| Q19. I can express my positive interest in the individual. | .41 | .50 | .40 | .06 |
| Q28. I can communicate with people who display attitudes that make it difficult to make decisions. | .38 | .50 | .26 | .25 |
| Q11. I can encourage patients to practice healthy behaviors. | .48 | .48 | .35 | .36 |
| Q33. I can apologize if I hurt someone, even if I didn’t intend to. | .27 | .50 | .23 | .03 |
| Q22. I can express myself using concrete rather than abstract terms when communicating with my audience. | .37 | .45 | .21 | .36 |
| Q34. If I experience internal conflict while communicating with the individual, I can ask my superior for help. | .30 | .45 | .31 | .05 |
| 2. Crisis management capabilities | ||||
| Q35. I know how to counsel people who are experiencing a crisis in their lives and I can do so confidently. | .59 | .30 | .70 | .08 |
| Q27. I can communicate with people who are unaware of or in denial about their illness. | .58 | .10 | .69 | .32 |
| Q23. I can also communicate with individual who have experienced psychological trauma. | .53 | .14 | .66 | .27 |
| Q25. I can counsel people who are at risk for suicide attempts. | .46 | .01 | .66 | .16 |
| Q13. I can have the heart to think of the individual as a valuable human being and respect him/her. | .55 | .12 | .61 | .40 |
| Q20. I can continue to communicate with people who are resistant to counseling. | .48 | .11 | .60 | .34 |
| Q26. I can appropriately adjust the spatial distance during counseling so that the individual can feel close to me. | .55 | .42 | .59 | .14 |
| Q36. I can evaluate myself to see if I did a good job of counseling. | .43 | .30 | .59 | .00 |
| Q31. I am usually able to take good care of my own emotional state so that I do not become exhausted. | .41 | .26 | .58 | .07 |
| Q21. I can calmly deal with crisis situations that arise during communication. | .57 | .38 | .56 | .34 |
| Q29. I can communicate well with patients in severe pain. | .47 | .15 | .54 | .39 |
| Q32. I am confident that I will not arbitrarily interpret or judge what the individual expresses. | .43 | .16 | .50 | .40 |
| Q14. Since I usually maintain a cooperative relationship with my clients, I am able to deal well with crisis situations that arise during counseling. | .44 | .38 | .40 | .36 |
| Q15. I can respond calmly in front of angry patients or guardians. | .35 | .31 | .37 | .34 |
| 3. Communication competence | ||||
| Q10. I can communicate well with people who are impatient with their words or actions. | .57 | .42 | .29 | .56 |
| Q30. I can communicate well with fellow nurses who disagree with my opinions. | .52 | .21 | .41 | .55 |
| Q12. I can accept the situation the individual is in as it is, without any preconceptions. | .50 | .36 | .30 | .54 |
| Q9. I am confident in communicating with people from other professions, not just nurses, in the medical field. | .45 | .44 | .21 | .47 |
| Eigen value | 13.38 | 2.41 | 0.99 | |
| % of variance | 6.97 | 6.59 | 3.50 | |
| Cumulative (%) | 19.37 | 37.67 | 46.14 | |
| KMO values | .94 | |||
| Bartlett’s sphere formation test | χ2=4,874.26, df=630, p<.001 | |||
| Factors/items | Standardized estimate (β) | SE | C.R. | Factors (r) | AVE | CR | No. of items | Cronbach’s α | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||
| Factor 1 | 1 | .82 | .98 | 9 | .85 | |||||
| Q1. I can appropriately adjust the volume and tone of my voice when talking to a individual. | .64 | - | - | |||||||
| Q2. I can convey the content of the conversation clearly to the individual without using ambiguous expressions. | .71 | .14 | 7.96 | |||||||
| Q3. I can create a good conversation atmosphere by observing the individual’s reactions. | .71 | .16 | 8.07 | |||||||
| Q4. I can effectively establish a counseling plan with the individual. | .72 | .16 | 7.93 | |||||||
| Q5. I can look at the individual comfortably and sensitively notice changes in facial expression. | .66 | .15 | 7.62 | |||||||
| Q7. I can express difficult medical terms in simple terms so that the patient can easily understand them. | .56 | .14 | 6.29 | |||||||
| Q19. I can express my positive interest in the individual. | .66 | .13 | 7.51 | |||||||
| Q22. I can express myself using concrete rather than abstract terms when communicating with my audience. | .61 | .15 | 6.73 | |||||||
| Q33. I can apologize if I hurt someone, even if I didn’t intend to. | .51 | .14 | 6.17 | |||||||
| Factor 2 | .87 (.75) | 1 | .81 | .96 | 6 | .84 | ||||
| Q18. I can appropriately address the individual’s needs when the individual does not want to talk about an experience. | .75 | - | - | |||||||
| Q20. I can continue to communicate with people who are resistant to counseling. | .76 | .11 | 10.32 | |||||||
| Q21. I can calmly deal with crisis situations that arise during communication. | .74 | .10 | 10.00 | |||||||
| Q27. I can communicate with people who are unaware of or in denial about their illness. | .67 | .11 | 9.23 | |||||||
| Q32. I am confident that I will not arbitrarily interpret or judge what the individual expresses. | .65 | .10 | 8.58 | |||||||
| Q35. I know how to counsel people who are experiencing a crisis in their lives and I can do so confidently. | .70 | .11 | 9.55 | |||||||
| Factor 3 | .82 (.68) | .89 (.80) | 1 | .80 | .92 | 3 | .69 | |||
| Q9. I am confident in communicating with people from other professions, not just nurses, in the medical field. | .62 | - | - | |||||||
| Q10. I can communicate well with people who are impatient with their words or actions. | .69 | .17 | 7.08 | |||||||
| Q15. I can respond calmly in front of angry patients or guardians. | .68 | .20 | 7.16 | |||||||
| Fitness index | χ2=164.87, χ2/df=1.25, SRMR=.04, RMSEA=.03, GFI=.92, TLI=.97, CFI=.98, NFI=.89, CN=216 | |||||||||
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation. CFA, confirmatory factor analysis; EFA, exploratory factor analysis; ER, emergency room; ICU, intensive care unit; OR, operation room.
KMO, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin; df, degrees of freedom.
AVE, average variance extracted; CFI, comparative fit index; CN, critical N; CR, construct reliability; C.R., critical ratio; df, degrees of freedom; GFI, goodness of fit index; NFI, normed fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; SE, standard error; SRMR, standardized root mean square residual; TLI, Turker-Lewis index.
