Kyung Hee Bae; Ihn Sook Jeong

doi:10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.437

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Original Article
Pain Perception of Nurses and Pain Expression of Patients in Critical Care Units: Kyung Hee Bae, Ihn Sook Jeong; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2014;44(4):437-445.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.437
Published online: August 29, 2014

¹Department of Nursing, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Jeong, Ihn Sook. College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 49 BusanDaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 626-870, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-8342, Fax: +82-51-510-8308, jeongis@pusan.ac.kr

• Received: May 12, 2014 • Revised: May 23, 2014 • Accepted: July 29, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

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Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
This study was done to identify pain perception (P-PER) by nurses and pain expression (P-EXP) by patients in critical care units (ICUs) and degree of agreement between nurses' P-PER and patients' P-EXP.
Methods
Nurses' P-PER was measured with a self-administered questionnaire completed by 99 nurses working in ICUs during May, 2013. Patients' P-EXP was measured with the Critical Care Non-Verbal Pain Scale through observations of 31 ICU patients during nine nursing procedures (NPs) performed between May and July, 2013.
Results
Nurses' P-PER was from 4.49 points for nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion to 0.83 for blood pressure (BP) measurement based on a 9-point scale, Patients' P-EXP was 4.48 points for NGT to 0.18 for BP measurement based on a 10-point scale. Eight NPs except oral care showed higher scores for nurses' P-PER than for patients' P-EXP. Position change (p=.019), subcutaneous injection (p<.001), blood sugar test (p<.001), and BP measurement (p<.001) showed significant differences between nurses' P-PER and patients' P-EXP.
Conclusion
Nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion was scored highest by both nurses and patients. Eight NPs except 'oral care' showed nurses' P-PER was higher or similar to patients' P-EXP, which indicates that nurses may overestimate procedural pain experienced by patients.
Keywords: Pain; Perception; Facial expression; Intensive care units

This manuscript is a revision of the first author's master's thesis from Pusan National University.

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Figure 1

Comparison of pain perception of nurses and pain expression of patients for nursing procedures.

Table 1

General Characteristics of Study Participants: Patients

Table 2

Pain Perception of Intensive Care Units' Nurses for Nursing Procedures (N=99)

Table 3

Pain Perception of Intensive Care Units' Nurses by General Characteristics (N=99)

IV=Intravenous; BP=Blood pressure.

Table 4

Pain Expression of Intensive Care Unit Patients for Nursing Procedures (N=30)

^*Pain at baseline (d) is the mean of pain before procedure and pain 20 min after procedure; IV=Intravenous; BP=Blood pressure.

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Pain Perception of Nurses and Pain Expression of Patients in Critical Care Units

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2014;44(4):437-445. Published online August 29, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.437

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Pain Perception of Nurses and Pain Expression of Patients in Critical Care Units

Figure 1 Comparison of pain perception of nurses and pain expression of patients for nursing procedures.

Figure 1

Pain Perception of Nurses and Pain Expression of Patients in Critical Care Units

Table 1

General Characteristics of Study Participants: Patients

Table 2

Pain Perception of Intensive Care Units' Nurses for Nursing Procedures (N=99)

Table 3

Pain Perception of Intensive Care Units' Nurses by General Characteristics (N=99)

IV=Intravenous; BP=Blood pressure.

Table 4

Pain Expression of Intensive Care Unit Patients for Nursing Procedures (N=30)

^*Pain at baseline (d) is the mean of pain before procedure and pain 20 min after procedure; IV=Intravenous; BP=Blood pressure.

Table 1 General Characteristics of Study Participants: Patients

Table 2 Pain Perception of Intensive Care Units' Nurses for Nursing Procedures (N=99)

Table 3 Pain Perception of Intensive Care Units' Nurses by General Characteristics (N=99)

IV=Intravenous; BP=Blood pressure.

Table 4 Pain Expression of Intensive Care Unit Patients for Nursing Procedures (N=30)

^*Pain at baseline (d) is the mean of pain before procedure and pain 20 min after procedure; IV=Intravenous; BP=Blood pressure.