Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Paper

Effect of the Spinning Babies Program on Birth Outcomes and Satisfaction during Labor: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial: Mi-Yeon Jeong, Hyang Mi Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):607-619. Published online November 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24097

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study evaluated the effects of the Spinning Babies program applied during labor on birth outcomes and satisfaction among pregnant women.
Methods
This non-equivalent control group, non-synchronized post-test only design study included 42 participants (22 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). The Spinning Babies program was conducted four times in the experimental group during the first and second stages of delivery for 50 min per session. The program comprised performing pelvic circles on a birth ball, followed by wide squatting and adopting of open knee-chest and side-lying positions.
Results
Compared with those in the control group, pregnant women in the experimental group had a significantly shorter labor time (t = - 6.64, p < .001), a higher success rate for normal vaginal delivery (χ² = 4.86, p = .043), improved Apgar scores of newborns (z² = - 2.18, p = .029), differences in neonatal oxygen therapy use (χ² = 4.86, p = .043), and improved birth satisfaction (t = 11.99, p < .001).
Conclusion
The Spinning Babies program improves the birth environment by increasing the normal vaginal delivery success rate, as well as pregnant women’s birth satisfaction, and promotes neonatal health.

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Original Articles

Impact of Uncertainty on the Anxiety of Hospitalized Pregnant Women Diagnosed with Preterm Labor: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Uncertainty Appraisal and Coping Style: Eun Mi Kim, Sehoon Hong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(4):485-496. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.4.485

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to test the mediating effect of uncertainty appraisal and coping style in the relation between uncertainty and anxiety in hospitalized pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor.

Methods

The participants were 105 pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor in hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from July to October 2017. The measurements included the Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Uncertainty Appraisal Scale, Coping Style Scale, and State Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, correlation, and multiple regression following the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test for mediation.

Results

The mean score for anxiety was 2.29 out of 4.00 points and for uncertainty it was 2.46 out of 5.00 points. There were significant correlations among uncertainty, uncertainty danger appraisal, uncertainty opportunity appraisal, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and anxiety. Uncertainty danger appraisal (β=.64, p<.001) had a complete mediating effect in the relation between uncertainty and anxiety (Z=4.54, p<.001). Uncertainty opportunity appraisal (β=-.45, p<.001) had a complete mediating effect in the relation between uncertainty and anxiety (Z=3.28, p<.001). Emotion-focused coping (β=-.23, p=.021) had a partial mediating effect in the relation between uncertainty and anxiety (Z=2.02, p=.044).

Conclusion

Nursing intervention programs focusing on managing uncertainty appraisal and improving emotion-focused coping are highly recommended to decrease anxiety in hospitalized pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor.

Citations

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Serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression on the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety in high-risk pregnant couples of South Korea
Mihyeon Park, Sukhee Ahn
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(1): 19. CrossRef
High-risk Pregnancy Nursing: Analyzing the Impact of Prenatal Stress, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Social Support on Prenatal Depression
Jae Hui Choe, Sun Jeong Yun, Hye Young Kim
The Open Nursing Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Path analysis of illness uncertainty and psychosocial adaptation of patients with Marfan syndrome
Sujin Kim, Yeonsoo Jang, JiYeon Choi, Kijun Song, Jae-kwan Song, Mona Choi
European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2024; 23(2): 197. CrossRef
An explanatory model of quality of life in high-risk pregnant women in Korea: a structural equation model
Mihyeon Park, Sukhee Ahn
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2023; 29(4): 302. CrossRef
The effects of music therapy on labor pain, childbirth experience, and self-esteem during epidural labor analgesia in primiparas: a non-randomized experimental study
Seong Yeon An, Eun Ji Park, Yu Ri Moon, Bo Young Lee, Eunbyul Lee, Dong Yeon Kim, Seong Hee Jeong, Jin Kyung Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2023; 29(2): 137. CrossRef
Anxiety, depression, and uncertainty appraisal and factors affecting uncertainty risk and opportunity appraisal of health care workers in Korea during the COVID-19 outbreak
Soo Young An, Jong Sun Ok, Hyeongsu Kim
Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and effects of a high-risk pregnancy emotive role-play program for nursing students: a quasi-experimental study
Bo Gyeong Lee, Sun-Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(4): 317. CrossRef
Psychological Responses According to Gender during the Early Stage of COVID-19 in Spain
Lucía del Río-Casanova, Milagrosa Sánchez-Martín, Ana García-Dantas, Anabel González-Vázquez, Ania Justo
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(7): 3731. CrossRef
Experiences of hospitalization among pregnant women with preterm labor in Korea: a phenomenological study
Joon-Young Lee, Yeoungsuk Song
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2021; 27(3): 209. CrossRef
Effects of a supportive program on uncertainty, anxiety, and maternal-fetal attachment in women with high-risk pregnancy
Hyun Jin Kim, Nami Chun
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(2): 180. CrossRef
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Woo Joung Joung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(5): 699. CrossRef

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Patient-Nurse Collaboration in Nursing Practice: A Korean Study: Dal Sook Kim, Young Eun, Hesook Suzie Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(7):1054-1062. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.7.1054

Abstract PDF: INTRODUCTION: Consumerism is prevailing value in Korean society, while there has been little concern about it especially in Korean nursing society even though there has been an increasing emphasis on patients' participation in decisions concerning health care and nursing as an ideal in the literature. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The study with survey method was carried out to examine the nature of collaboration between patient and nurse in nursing practice in Korea through a replication of the studies carried out in US, Norway, Finland, an Japan (Kim et al., 1993) and to revise and test Kim's explanatory model of collaborative decision making in nursing practice from the Korean perspectives. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Both patients and nurses as groups exhibited pro-consumerist attitudes regarding collaboration in health care, while there were significant differences in attitudes and perceptions of patients and nurses. These findings are similar to those of Kim et al.' s study carried out in US, Norway, Finland, and Japan. Nurses as a group compared to patients held stronger health-care consumerist attitudes and beliefs in general. However, the Korean nurses seem to hold a weaker attitude for challenging professional authority. And the Korean patients compared to the nurses seem to hold stronger belief in the patient's right to information, as found in US, Finland, and Japan. Regarding the nurse patient collaborative attitude in decision making, it revealed that one third or more of the patients as a group believe in the patients' right to be informed of decisions that nurses make for their patients, while another one third or more of them believe in the patients' right for advisory role and joint role in nursing care decision making. This result for the patients is very similar as those found in US, Norway, Finland, and Japan. However, the attitude for the nurses held stronger agreement with patients' to be informed of decision making that nurses make than the patients' right for advisory and joint role. The nurses have weaker belief in patients' self determination on their care than the patients. The results of path analyses confirmed the explanatory models that tested two explanatory models examining the factors contributing to the differences in the attitudes of patients and nurses. The path model for nurses identified nurses' lengths of experience as the important factor explaining attitudes regarding challenging professional authority and the patient's rights for information. The path model for patients identified the level of education as the most significant factor that explains patients' attitudes regarding the rejection of general authority, challenging professional authority, and the patient's right for participation in decision making.

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An Analysis of Interrupting Factors in Collaboration between Medical Professionals in Home Health Service: Seon Hye Woo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(7):1729-1742. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.7.1729

Abstract PDF: The propose of this study is to give a theoretical basis for better home health service by looking at the subjective structure the collaboration between the home health nurse and doctor and at how collaboration can be improved. There are at least three types of recognition that can help the collaboration. The first type is to put more weight on the relationship between doctors and home health care nurses. This means that doctors and home health care nurses should make an effort to improve, their collaboration. The second type is to put more weight on the reward for doctors' participation. Reward will help collaboration. The third type is to put more weight on organization support. Organization support will bring about trust between doctors and home health care nurses The following conclusion were reached: 1) Trust should exist between doctors and home health care nurses. 2)Doctors should maintain an equal relationship with home health care nurses and accept them as professionals. 3) Appropriate reward should be given to doctors for their participation. 4)Home health care nurses should reinforce their skills through education, training, and professionalization. 5) Home health care nurses should cooperate with doctors by building a system that centers on patients. 6) Collaboration between doctors and home health care nurses is important because it is useful to recognize patients and their families in a broader light. 7) Doctors and home health care nurses need to be more concerned about patients. 8)More active support of hospital administrators and systems is needed to enhance collaboration between doctors and home health care nurses. 9) The present legal system for collaboration between doctors and home health care nurses can be a factor. The nine nursing strategies above will help doctors and home health care nurses build more positive relations and get closer to their patient, more effective home healthcare will get closer to people who want quality medical service.

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Effects of Delivery Nursing Care using Essential Oils on Delivery Stress Response, Anxiety during Labor, and Postpartum Status Anxiety: Myung Haeng Hur, Nam Youn Cheong, Hye Sung Yun, Mi Kyoung Lee, Youngshin Song; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1277-1284. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1277

Abstract PDF

Objectives

This study was designed to investigate the effect of delivery nursing care using essential oils on labor stress response, labor anxiety and postpartum status anxiety for primipara.

Methods

This study used nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this experiment consisted of forty eight primipara with single gestation, full term, & uncomplicated pregnancies. Twenty four primipra were in the experimental and control group each. Their mean age was 27.9 years old, their mean gestation period 279.9 days. As a treatment, delivery nursing care using essential oils was applied by nurses. Data collected epinephrine, norepinephrine, anxiety during labor. In the 24 hours after birth, the data for the postpartum mother's status anxiety was collected. Data was analyzed by t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, & Wilcoxon signed ranks test with SPSS Program.

Results

Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine were significantly low in the experimental group (P=0.001, P=0.033, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in anxiety during labor and postpartum mother's status anxiety.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that delivery nursing care using essential oils could be effective in decreasing plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine. But, that could not be verified in decreasing mother's anxiety.

Citations

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ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM NÃO FARMACOLÓGICA À PUÉRPERA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Ana Cláudia Da Silva dos Santos, Geovana Andressa Mendes de Sousa, Kelly Maria Pereira Barbosa, Leticia Almeida de Sousa, Vitória De Sousa Silva, Miguel Henrique Da Silva dos Santos
Revista Enfermagem Atual In Derme.2024; 98(2): e024321. CrossRef
Compare the effect of aromatherapy using lavender and Damask rose essential oils on the level of anxiety and severity of pain following C-section: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial
Ali Abbasijahromi, Hamed Hojati, Saeid Nikooei, Hossein Kargar Jahromi, Hamid Reza Dowlatkhah, Vahid Zarean, Mehran Farzaneh, Arefeh Kalavani
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Nassimeh Setayesh valipour, Masoomeh Kheirkhah, Zahra Amirkhanzadeh-Barandouzi, Leila Neistani Samani
Koomesh Journal.2020; 22(1): 60. CrossRef
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Shuo-Shin TSAI, Hsiu-Hung WANG, Fan-Hao CHOU
Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 28(3): e96. CrossRef
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Abed Ebrahimi, Jamshid Eslami, Isan Darvishi, Khadijeh Momeni, Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Holistic Nursing Practice.2020; 34(6): 365. CrossRef
Sensory environment on health-related outcomes of hospital patients
Amy Drahota, Derek Ward, Heather Mackenzie, Rebecca Stores, Bernie Higgins, Diane Gal, Taraneh P Dean
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2012;[Epub] CrossRef

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Differences of Cesarean Section Rates according to San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) Acupressure for Women in Labor: Soon Bok Chang, Yong Won Park, Jae Sung Cho, Mi Kyeong Lee, Byung Chul Lee, Su Jeong Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):324-332. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.324

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explain differences of cesarean section rates according to San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) acupressure for women in labor.

Method

A noneqivalent control group pre test - post test design was used to explain differences of cesarean section rates according to SP6 acupressure. The participants were 209 women who were assigned to one of three groups SP6 acupressure(n=86), SP6 touch(n=47), and control group(n=76). For 30 minutes, the SP6 acupressure group received SP6 acupressure,and the SP6 touch group received SP6 touch for the duration of each uterine contraction. The Control group was encouraged to deep breath and relax for the duration of each uterine contraction for 30 minutes.

Result

The rates of cesarean section were 12.8%, 29.8%, and 22.4% for the SP6 acupressure group, SP6 touch group, and control group respectively. There was a significant difference among groups (p=0.049). Cesarean section rateswere significantly different between the SP6 acupressure and non-SP6 acupressure group(p=0.035).

Conclusion

This finding shows that 30 minutes of SP6 acupressure was effective in decreasing the cesarean section rate. Therefore, SP6 acupressure during labor could be applied as an effective nursing intervention.

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Birth preparation acupuncture for normalising birth: An analysis of NHS service routine data and proof of concept
A. U. Lokugamage, V. A. I. Eftime, D. Porter, T. Ahillan, S. X. Ke
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.2020; 40(8): 1096. CrossRef

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Effects of San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) Acupressure on Labor Pain, Delivery Time in Women during Labor: Mi Kyeong Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(6):753-761. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.6.753

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The study was done to examine the effects of San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) acupressure treatment on subjective labor pain, length of delivery time in women during labor.

Method

The study design was a randomized controlled clinical trial study using a double-blinded method. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, a subjective labor pain scale and measurement of delivery time. The experimental group(n=29) was received SP6 acupressure and control group(n=29), SP6 touch for the duration of each uterine contraction, during 30 minutes after 3cm dilatation of cervical os.

Result

The subjective labor pain scores was significantly different between the two groups(p=0.042). The total length of delivery time in the group which had the SP6 acupressure was shorter than SP6 touch group (p=0.036).

Conclusion

These findings showed that SP6 acupressure was effective related to labor pain, length of time for delivery. SP6 acupressure during labor could be applied as an effective nursing treatment.

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Effects of Meridian Acupressure on Stress, Fatigue, Anxiety, and Self-Efficacy of Shiftwork Nurses in South Korea
Youngmi Cho, Jung-Min Joo, Seyoon Kim, Sohyune Sok
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(8): 4199. CrossRef
The effect of acupressure on labor pain and the duration of labor when applied to the SP6 point: Randomized clinical trial
Hülya Türkmen, Esin Çeber Turfan
Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour
Caroline A Smith, Carmel T Collins, Kate M Levett, Mike Armour, Hannah G Dahlen, Aidan L Tan, Bita Mesgarpour
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of an Experience-focused Prenatal Program on Stress, Anxiety, Childbirth Confidence, and Maternal-Fetal Attachment on Women in Their First Pregnancy
Mira Park, Sunok Lee
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(2): 126. CrossRef
Participation in Prenatal Education, Knowledge and Attitude related to Delivery, Postpartum Care, Newborn Care in Nulliparous Women
Mi-Young Kim, Gwang-Suk Kim, Sue Kim, Hye-Jung Lee
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(3): 139. CrossRef
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So Ye Eom, Eun Sil Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Yang Ok Bang, Nami Chun
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(4): 599. CrossRef
Effects of a Yoga-focused Prenatal Program on Stress, Anxiety, Self Confidence and Labor Pain in Pregnant Women with In Vitro Fertilization Treatment
Chung Sin Shim, Young-Sook Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(3): 369. CrossRef
Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management in labour
Caroline A Smith, Carmel T Collins, Caroline A Crowther, Kate M Levett
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Kyung-Hee Yang, Kum-Sook Park, Jeong-Ran Lee
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Multiple Factors in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy on Preterm Labor Symptoms and Preterm Birth: Jeung-Im Kim, Mi-Ock Cho, Gyu-Yeon Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):357-366. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.357

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of various factors on preterm labor symptoms (PLS) and preterm birth (PB).

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 193 women in the second stage of pregnancy. Multiple characteristics including body mass index (BMI), smoking, and pregnancy complications were collected through a self-report questionnaire. Pregnancy stress and PLS were each measured with a related scale. Cervical length and birth outcome were evaluated from medical charts. Multiple regression was used to predict PLS and logistic regression was used to predict PB.

Results

Multiple regression showed smoking experience, pregnancy complications and pregnancy specific stress were predictors of PLS and accounted for 19.2% of the total variation. Logistic regression showed predictors of PB to be twins (OR=13.68, CI=3.72~50.33, p<.001), shorter cervix (<25mm) (OR=5.63, CI=1.29~24.54, p<.05), BMI >25 (kg/m²) (OR=3.50, CI=1.35~9.04, p<.01) and a previous PB (OR=4.15, CI=1.07~16.03, p<.05).

Conclusion

The results of this study show that the multiple factors affect stage II pregnant women can result in PLS or PB. And preterm labor may predict PB. These findings highlight differences in predicting variables for pretrm labor and for PB. Future research is needed to develop a screening tool to predict the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women.

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Risk factors and the possibility of predicting late premature birth
L. S. Fatkullina, I. F. Fatkullin, S. A. Knyazev
Medical Herald of the South of Russia.2024; 15(2): 25. CrossRef
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Seema Subedi, Elizabeth A Hazel, Diwakar Mohan, Scott Zeger, Luke C Mullany, James M Tielsch, Subarna K Khatry, Steven C LeClerq, Robert E Black, Joanne Katz
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Abhishek Gurung, Johan Wrammert, Avinash K. Sunny, Rejina Gurung, Netra Rana, Yuba Nidhi Basaula, Prajwal Paudel, Amrit Pokhrel, Ashish KC
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Effects of Antenatal Depression and Antenatal Characteristics of Pregnant Women on Birth Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study: Hae Won Kim, Yeon Yi Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(4):477-485. Published online August 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.4.477

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to evaluate the effects of antenatal depression on birth outcomes.

Methods

The participants were 255 pregnant women who were followed in a prospective study. Of these, 197 cases were examined included birth weight, Apgar scores at 5 minute, premature contraction, complication of labor, delivery types and laboratory data. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi square test of linear by linear association, Kruskal Wallis test, Relative Risk, univariate and adjusted multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis with SPSS/Win.

Results

Level of antenatal depression was associated with low birth weight (χ²=7.69, p=.010). High risk pregnancy was a predictor of low birth weight (OR=6.98 [1.21-40.30]) and baby's weight (OR=2.12, [1.05-4.28]). Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was a predictor of complications in labor (OR=3.59, [1.03-12.48]). But there were no significant effects of antenatal depression on other birth outcomes.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that women with antenatal depression, high risk pregnancy, prepregnancy BMI≥23 kg/M² should be monitored and managed to ensure favorable birth outcomes.

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Ana María Guerra, Diana María Dávalos Pérez, Alejandro Castillo Martínez
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Martina Ruf-Leuschner, Nicole Brunnemann, Maggie Schauer, Rüdiger Pryss, Eva Barnewitz, Martin Liebrecht, Wilfried Kratzer, Manfred Reichert, Thomas Elbert
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Hae Won Kim, Sun OK Kim, Hye Gyung Kim, Hyang Ran Jeon
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Prenatal maternal depression is associated with low birth weight through shorter gestational age in term infants in Korea
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Early Human Development.2014; 90(1): 15. CrossRef
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Effects of a Yoga-focused Prenatal Program on Stress, Anxiety, Self Confidence and Labor Pain in Pregnant Women with In Vitro Fertilization Treatment: Chung Sin Shim, Young-Sook Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(3):369-376. Published online June 29, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.3.369

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a Yoga-focused prenatal program on the stress, anxiety, self confidence and labor pain of pregnant women who had in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.

Methods

A quasi experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The data collection period and meditation program were between January 9 and August 31, 2009. Forty-six women who were pregnant following IVF, and were between 12-20 weeks gestation, participated in the study (23 experimental group, 23 control group). Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U Test, ANCOVA, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients with the SPSS 12.0 for Windows Program.

Results

Although the sample size was limited, women who participated in the program showed statistically significant improvements in stress, anxiety, labor pain, and labor confidence for women pregnant after IVF.

Conclusion

The result indicate that this 12-week Yoga-focused educational program can be utilized for women pregnant following IVF to reduce their stress, anxiety, and labor pain, and to increase delivery confidence. It is suggested that the Yoga-focused educational program be offered to every pregnant woman.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Effects of Abdominal Breathing on State Anxiety, Stress, and Tocolytic Dosage for Pregnant Women in Preterm Labor: Woo-Jeong Yu, Ju-Eun Song; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(3):442-452. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.442

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of abdominal breathing on state anxiety, stress and tocolytic dosage for pregnant women in preterm labor.

Methods

The participants were 60 pregnant women in preterm labor who were hospitalized from April to July, 2009. Thirty participants were assigned to the experimental group and 30 to the control group. None of them had any other complications except preterm labor. The modified Mason's breathing technique was used with the experimental group 3 times a day for 3 days. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire and chart review, and analyzed with the SPSS 13.0 WIN program.

Results

"State anxiety of the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported. "Stress of the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported. "The Ritodrine dosage for the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported. "The Atosiban dosage for the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported.

Conclusion

These results indicate that abdominal breathing is an effective nursing intervention for pregnant women in preterm labor.

Citations

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