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The Influence of Diversity Management of Nursing Organization on Organizational Commitment: Double Mediating Effect of Diversity Sensitivity Orientation and Positive Nursing Organizational Culture
Jeon, Hwi Gon , Jang, Keum Seong , Kim, Eun A
J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(3):403-417.   Published online August 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23120
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify the double mediating effect of effect of diversity sensitivity orientation and positive nursing organizational culture between diversity management and organizational commitment.
Methods
Participants were 245 nurses working in six tertiary hospitals located in 3 different regions. Data collection was conducted from February 13, 2023 to March 6, 2023 through online self-reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 27 and SPSS PROCESS Macro 4.2 program.
Results
The direct effect of diversity management on organizational commitment was significant (β = .21, p < .001). The indirect effect of diversity management on organization commitment was .34 (95% confidence interval [CI] = .23~.47). The double mediating effect of diversity sensitivity orientation and positive nursing organizational culture in the relationship between diversity management and organizational commitment was .02 (95% CI = .00~.05).
Conclusion
Diversity sensitivity orientation and positive nursing organizational culture show double mediating effect on the relationship between diversity management and organizational commitment. Education program and human resource management strategy for enhancing diversity management, diversity sensitivity orientation and positive nursing organizational culture should be provided to improve organizational commitment, and which are needed active support of the association and nursing organization.
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Development of a Positive Nursing Organizational Culture Measurement Tool
Kim, Mi Jung , Kim, Jong Kyung
J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(3):305-319.   Published online June 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21014
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement tool for a positive nursing organizational culture and to verify its reliability and validity.
Methods
A conceptual framework and construct factors were extracted through an extensive literature review and indepth interviews with nurses. The final version of the preliminary tool for the main survey was confirmed by experts through a content validity test and a preliminary survey of 40 nurses. Subsequently, the final tool was developed using a validity and reliability test containing 43 preliminary items. The final version of the tool was used with 327 hospital nurses in the testing phase for the main survey to assess validity and reliability.
Results
From the factor analysis, 4 factors and 26 items were selected. The factors were positive leadership of the nursing unit manager, pursuit of common values, formation of organizational relationships based on trust, and a fair management system. The entire determination coefficient was 67.7%. These factors were verified through convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity testing. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach’s α = .95).
Conclusion
Both the validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed demonstrating its utility for measuring positive nursing organizational culture. It is expected to be used for education, research, and practical performance policies regarding the nursing organizational culture.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Effects of Grit, Emergency Nursing Competency, and Positive Nursing Organisational Culture on Burnout Among Nurses in the Emergency Department
    Su-Young Moon, Hyung-Ran Park
    Behavioral Sciences.2025; 15(4): 486.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Diversity Management of Nursing Organization on Organizational Commitment: Double Mediating Effect of Diversity Sensitivity Orientation and Positive Nursing Organizational Culture
    Hwi Gon Jeon, Keum Seong Jang, Eun A Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 403.     CrossRef
  • Development and validation of a quality of healthy work environment instrument for shift nurses
    Sun-Hwa Shin, Eun-Hye Lee
    BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Hospital organisational health as a mediator between positive nursing organisational culture, caring behaviour, and quality of nursing care
    Bo Ram Ku, Mi Yu
    Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Hospital Nurses’ Workplace Bullying Experiences Focusing on Meritocracy Belief, Emotional Intelligence, and Organizational Culture: A Cross‐Sectional Study
    Insil Jang, Sun Joo Jang, Sun Ju Chang, Miyuki Takase
    Journal of Nursing Management.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Ethical Nursing Competence and Positive Nursing Organizational Culture on Person-Centered Care in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Survey
    Jae Eun Lee, Hye-Young Jang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(3): 304.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Personality Traits and Mentalization on Workplace Bullying Experiences among Intensive Care Unit Nurses
    Sun Joo Jang, Eunhye Kim, Haeyoung Lee, Amanda Jane Henderson
    Journal of Nursing Management.2023; 2023: 1.     CrossRef
  • Pathological narcissism, interpersonal cognitive distortions, and workplace bullying among nurses: A cross‐sectional study
    Sun Joo Jang, Haeyoung Lee
    Journal of Nursing Management.2022; 30(7): 3051.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
A Predictive Model on Patient-Centered Care of Hospital Nurses in Korea
Hyun Jeong, Myonghwa Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):191-202.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.191
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Patient-centered care is a widely utilized concept in nursing and health care. However, the key components of patient-centered nursing have not yet been reported. Moreover, previous studies on patient-centered care have mostly focused on components of nursing rather than organizational factors. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of influential factors of patient-centered care is required.

Methods

The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical model based on person-centered care theory, and the relevant literature and to test the developed model with covariance structure analysis in order to determine the causal paths among the variables.

Results

The model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level (goodness of fit index=.87, standardized root mean residual=.01, root mean square error of approximation=.06, Tucker-Lewis index=.90, comparative fit index=.92, parsimonious normed fit index=.75). In this study, five of the six paths established in the initial hypothetical model were supported. The variables of teamwork, self-leadership, and empathy accounted for 56.4% of hospital nurses' patient-centered care. Among these, empathy was the strongest predictor of patient-centered care.

Conclusion

These results suggest that it is necessary to use strategies to improve self-leadership and empathy. In addition to enhancing the personal factors of nurses, nursing organizations should strive for effective multidisciplinary cooperation with active support for patient-centered care and openness to change.

Citations

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  • Influence of Clinical Nursing Competency and Nursing Working Environment of Psychiatric Nurses on Person-Centered Care
    Pan Heui Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2024; 33(3): 229.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Person-Centered Care Among Psychiatric Nurses in Hospitals
    Ji Su Lee, Mi Heui Jang, Min Jung Sun
    Healthcare.2024; 12(22): 2269.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated With Changes in Patient-Centered Care in Undergraduate Nursing Students
    Seongkum Heo, Brandy Haley, Patricia Wright, Claudia P. Barone, Michael Anders, Tara Bertulfo, Patricia Troyan
    Nursing Education Perspectives.2023; 44(2): 82.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with the person-centered care competence of nursing students
    Ju Young Park, Chung Hee Woo
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(1): 48.     CrossRef
  • Listening to patients' voices: Applying the design‐thinking method for teaching person‐centered care to nursing students
    Myonghwa Park, Thi‐Thanh‐Tinh Giap, Insook Jang, Miri Jeong, Jahyeon Kim
    Nursing Forum.2022; 57(1): 9.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing mental health nurses in providing person-centered care
    Suyoun Ahn, Yeojin Yi
    Nursing Ethics.2022; 29(6): 1491.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of the Schwartz Center Compassionate Care Scale*
    Seong Eun KIM, Jeong Suk KIM
    Korean Journal of Medical Ethics.2022; 25(2): 137.     CrossRef
  • A Meta-Synthesis Study of Person-Centered Care Experience from the Perspective of Nursing Home Residents
    Eun-Young Kim, Sung-Ok Chang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(14): 8576.     CrossRef
  • Effects of health literacy competencies on patient-centered care among nurses
    Yaki Yang
    BMC Health Services Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Person-Centered Care Experience of Nursing Home Workers: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Study
    Eun Young Kim, Sung Ok Chang
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2022; 24(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale
    Kyung-Ah Kang, Elizabeth Johnston Taylor, Jiyoung Chun
    Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing.2022; 24(6): E250.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Person-Centered Care among Hospice Nurses
    Sinyoung Kwon, Kyoung Hee Kim
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2022; 25(2): 66.     CrossRef
  • Development and Effects of a Person-Centered Fall Prevention Program for Older Adults with Dementia in Long-Term Care Hospitals: For Older Adults with Dementia and Caregivers in Long-Term Care Hospitals
    Jeong Ok Lim, Mee Ock Gu
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(3): 341.     CrossRef
  • Role of self‐efficacy in nursing organizational climate: A way to develop nurses' humanistic practice ability
    Mengru Bu, Haiqi Ma, Huimin Zhai, Yue Ma, Ningjun Xu
    Journal of Nursing Management.2022; 30(7): 2107.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Compassionate Competence, Communication Skills, and Nursing Work Environment on Person-centered Care in General Hospital Nurses who Care for Cancer Patients
    Mi Jin Han, Seonho Kim
    The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2022; 25(1): 11.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing the Performance of Person-centered Care Among Nurses in Designated COVID-19 Hospitals
    Hyun-Joung Yun, Jaehee Jeon
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(4): 413.     CrossRef
  • Hospital Culture and Healthcare Workers' Provision of Patient-Centered Care: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
    Xianhong Huang, Yuan Gao, Hanlin Chen, Hao Zhang, Xiaoting Zhang
    Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Influencing Factors on Performance of Person-Centered Care among Intensive Care Unit Nurses: An Ecological Perspective
    Yein Lee, Yunhee Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2021; 33(5): 522.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Person-Centered Care among Care Workers at Long-term Care Facilities
    Geun-Young Kim, Hye-Young Jang
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(1): 13.     CrossRef
  • A predictive model of the perceptions of patient-centered care among nurses in long-term care hospitals: A cross-sectional study
    Myonghwa Park, Hyun Jeong, Thi-Thanh-Tinh Giap
    Geriatric Nursing.2021; 42(3): 687.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Person-Centered Practice Inventory-Staff for Nurses
    Sohyun Kim, Sunghee H Tak
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(3): 363.     CrossRef
  • Hospital Nurses’ Experience of Patient-Centered Nursing
    Soojin Chung, Jee-In Hwang
    Quality Improvement in Health Care.2021; 27(1): 26.     CrossRef
  • Inducing a sense of worthiness in patients: the basis of patient-centered palliative care for cancer patients in Iran
    Mir Hossein Aghaei, Zohreh Vanaki, Eesa Mohammadi
    BMC Palliative Care.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effects of the Nursing Practice Environment and Self-leadership on Person-centered Care Provided by Oncology Nurses
    Sun-Ui Shin, Hyun-E Yeom
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2021; 24(3): 174.     CrossRef
  • The influence of health literacy competencies on patient-centered care among clinical nurses
    Minyeon Kim, Jieun Cha
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2021; 27(2): 132.     CrossRef
  • “Walking in the patient’s shoes”: An innovative training method using storytelling to promote knowledge transfer of patient-centered care in hospital: A quasi-experimental study
    Myonghwa Park, Insook Jang, Thi-Thanh-Tinh Giap
    Nurse Education in Practice.2021; 56: 103199.     CrossRef
  • Factors affecting to the Person-Centered Care among Critical Care Nurses
    Seunghye Choi
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2020; 13(2): 36.     CrossRef
  • A Concept Analysis on Patient-Centered Care in Hospitalized Older Adults with Multimorbidity
    Youn-Jung Son, Heun-Keung Yoon
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2019; 12(2): 61.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Person-Centered Nursing and Family Satisfaction in ICUs
    Jiyeon Kang, Eun-Ja Shin
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2019; 12(3): 1.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Lateral Violence on Burnout and Empathy with Patients among Nurses: The Moderating Effect of Communication
    Soohyun Nam, Boyoung Hwang
    Stress.2019; 27(3): 224.     CrossRef
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  • 30 Crossref
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Development of the Patient-Centered Nursing Culture Scale for Hospitals
Esther Shin, Sook-Hee Yoon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):613-630.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.613
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop a scale measuring the Patient-Centered Nursing Culture (PCNC) and provide a basic tool to improve PCNC in Korea.

Methods

A conceptual framework and construct factors were extracted through extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with nursing professionals. In total, 59 items were derived based on the pilot survey. Data were collected from 357 nurses working at general hospitals and analyzed for verifying the reliability and validity of the scale.

Results

Nine factors containing 54 items were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis to verify the construct validity. The nine factors were top management leadership, policy and procedure, education and training, middle management leadership, supportive teamwork, nursing workplace environment, professional competence, patient-centered nursing activity, and nurses’ values. These items were verified by convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity testing. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's α=.96).

Conclusion

The developed PCNC scale is expected to be used as the tool for the development of theory and improvement of PCNC, the empirical testing for cause and effect of PCNC, the development of interventions, education and training programs for improving PCNC, and indicators for evaluation or accreditation of hospital service quality.

Citations

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  • Educational programs to improve nursing competency of patient- and family-centered care in intensive care units: A systematic review
    Youngshin Joo, Eugene Han, Yeonsoo Jang
    Nurse Education Today.2025; 151: 106699.     CrossRef
  • Validation of the Korean Version of Patient-Centered Care Tool: For Outpatients
    Yeo Ju Kim, Gunjeong Lee, Sunyeob Choi
    Patient Preference and Adherence.2023; Volume 17: 1525.     CrossRef
  • Hospital Nurses’ Experience of Patient-Centered Nursing
    Soojin Chung, Jee-In Hwang
    Quality Improvement in Health Care.2021; 27(1): 26.     CrossRef
  • 526 View
  • 27 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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An Ethnographic Study about Taegyo Practice in Korea
Hyeon Ok Kim
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):411-422.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.411
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study is twofold :(i) to investigate how much effort the married couples are making for the good health of both the pregnant woman and her unborn child from the time of their marriage to and during the period of conception ; and(ii) to comprehensive investigate socio-cultural backgrounds which affect prenatal effort. Result of this study provide a basis for the prenatal care program which will be appropriate to our culture. This study has been done by the ethnographic research method. The subjects of this study are 53 people in all consisting of 33 pregnant women and 20 husbands. In order to investigate socio-cultural factors which influence Taegyo, producers of Taegyo music were interviewed. In addition, the researcher surveyed the markets of Taegyo music, participated in special courses of prenatal education, analyzed the content of the books and periodicals dealing and collected the concept of Taegyo distributed by the mass media. The full-fledged study continued for eight months from February to August, 1996. The data were analyzed as soon as they were collected. Spradly's(1979, 1980) developmental, sequential method of domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and theme analysis in this order was adopted as the procedure of analyzing the data. To obtain the exactness of study, Sandelowski's(1986) four criteria, that is, Credibility, Fittingness, Auditability, and Confirmability were applied to all stages of data collection, data analysis, the interpretation of the result, and the description of the result. The following are the result : 1. The couples' Taegyo at the stage of preconception was related to their physical, psychological, spiritual conditions under which a healthy baby will be born. Specific methods they prefer are : "the choice of one's spouse," "physical check-up," "physical good health," "praying," and so on. 2. When the married couple have sex in order to conceive, their Taegyo was related to the imposition of their physical, psychological, and environmental conditions. Specific methods they prefer are: "having sex at specific time," "having sex in nice place," "to purify their minds while having sex," and so on. 3. The married couples' Taegyo while they are in pregnancy was related to the imposition of their physical, psychological, emotionmental, environmental, social and spiritual conditions. Specific methods they prefer are : "listening to music," "reading," "looking at beautiful things only," "to avoid looking at or listening to bad things," "to eat food in good shape," "to avoid drugs," "eating Korean herbal medicine," "sexual abstinence," "to avoid dangerous places," " to keep emotional tranquility," "moderate exercises and rest," "leading a pure life," "praying," "being aware of their words and behavior," "for the couple to keep a good relationship," "interaction with their unborn child," "to support Taegyo for pregnant women," and so on. 4. The married couple put Taegyo into practice on the basis of the following principles : the principle of respecting an unborn child, the principle of forming a good disposition, the principle of top-down parental love, the principle of synergy between a pregnant woman and her unborn child, the principle of expecting a good child, the principle of forming a good habit, and the principle of acquiring a parental role. 5. The practice of Taegyo is influenced by such factors as the married couple, the supporting system, and the married couple, the supporting system, and the mass media. As the husband-and-wife factor, their information of Taegyo, the degree of importance is assigned to their characters, their time to spare, their healthiness, the age of pregnant woman, their conception plan, their religion, their belief of the Taegyo effects, and the birth of a baby in this order. The factor of the supporting system consists of her husband's support, he family support, and her neighbor's support. The mass media specialized in Taegyo, periodicals for pregnant women, booklets for advertizing powdered milk, Taegyo music of record manufacturing companies, and the teaching materials for gifted children. Among these the mass media is especially taking advantage of Taegyo as its main source of economic profits and leading the public behavior pattern to a prodigal one. Taegyo is a self-control behavior which requires practice for the following : the physical and psychological good health of the pregnant woman and her unborn child, the development of the unborn child's good character, the envelopment of the unborn child's intelligence and talents, the expectation of the unborn child's good features, shape a good habit, the expectation of the unborn child's bright future, and the learning of a parental role, the expectation of male birth. Above all it is a type of our good cultural tradition which pursues a value higher than the one that the prenatal care does. The principles of pregnancy care inherent in the habit of Taegyo will provide us a guideline for the development of the prenatal care.

Citations

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  • Gender Differences in Awareness of Preconception Care and Pregnancy
    Dong Sook Cho, Eun Jung Kim, Eun Mi Jun
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2013; 19(4): 219.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Coaching-based Childbirth Program on Anxiety and Childbirth Self-efficacy among Primigravida Women
    Sue Kim, Hee-Sook Kim, Ha-Yoon Cheong
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(4): 369.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with the Practice of Traditional Prenatal Education (Taegyo) among Pregnant Korean Women
    Young Hee Kim
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(5): 491.     CrossRef
  • Effects of aTaegyoProgram on Parent-Fetal Attachment and Parenthood in First Pregnancy Couples
    Kyung Mi Yang, Soon-Lae Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(4): 571.     CrossRef
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A Survey for the Construction of Nursing Theory According to Korean Culture: Traditional View of Human and Expectation of Sick Role
Jeong Sook Park
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(4):782-798.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.4.782
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was a survey done for the purpose of constructing a nursing theory according to Korean culture and to identify the traditional Korean view of humans and the expectations of the sick role, and to confirm changes from the traditional view of humans and expectations of the sick role according to general characteristics of the population. The subjects were all adults over 18 years old. 517 who lived in six large cities and 191 who lived in five rural communities. Data collection was done from November 19th, 1994 to January 19th, 1995 using a tool to measure the traditional view of humans and expectations of the sick role which was developed by the investigator through a literature review. Collected data were analyzed using frequency, percent, Cronbach alpha, t -test, F- test and Scheffe post hoc contrasts, with the SAS program. Thr results of this study are summerized as follows; 1. The Traditional view of human score for all subject was 49.92, which shows that Korean traditional view of human is moderate. High scored items were "human need to live by making harmony with nature, not by overcoming the nature" (3.44), "Filial duty to parents and elders is important"(3.31), "Think of family more than a individual"(2.96). 2. The differences in the traditional view of humans between residential districts showed that the residents of Chungbuk(56.00), Kyungbuk(55.26), Chonbuk(51.32), Taegu(50.59) had a more traditional view of humans than those in Pusan(45. 42)and Seoul(47.27). 3. The differences in the traditional view of humans according to general characteristics showed that rural community residents, males, older people, people with lower levels of education, married and house-resident groups had a significantly higher traditional view of humans than urban residents, females, younger people, people with a higher levels of education, single and apartment-resident groups. There were differences according to religion and job. Buddhism had a higher traditional view of humans than those of atheism, Christianity and Catholicism and physical workers, a significantly highers score, than technicians and professional workers. 4. Daily expected task performance during illnesses was lowest for patients with stroke(2.16) and psy-chosis (2.40), in which case almost no daily general tasks were expected, followed by arthritis 4. 06, peptic ulcer 4.79, headache 4.99 and cough 5. 58. The amount of expected role exemption during illnesses was also highest for stroke(2.25), followed by psychosis(2.08), arthritis(1.64). peptic ulcer(1.29), headache(1.16) and cough(1.09). The amount of daily task performance in the acute stage(3.05) was significantly lower than that of convalescent stage(4.95). 5. Total expectation of role exemption according to general characteristics showed that there was no significant differences in urban/rural community, marriage, level of education and religion. By sex, women showed higher expectation of role exemption during illnesses than men. By age, the 31-40 year old group showed lower expectation of role exemption than the 41-50 year old group or over the 61 year old group.

Citations

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  • Trends of Concept Development in Nursing Published in Korean Journals
    Sumi Lee, Jinhae Lee, Yugyeong Hwang, Il Sun Ko
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(2): 178.     CrossRef
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A Comparison of Hospitals Nursing Practice in Korea and the U.S. as Experienced by Korean Nurses
Myung Sun Yi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(1):60-69.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.1.60
AbstractAbstract PDF

Since the introduction of Western concept of nursing to Korea in late 1880s, Korean nursing practice has evolved into Korean culture. The purpose of this study was to explore and identify similarities and differences in hospital nursing practice between Korea and the United States using the grounded theory method. The data were gathered from 15 Korean nurses working in U.S. hospitals using semi-structured, in-depth interview method. Major similarities in nursing practice between Korea and U.S. existed in the 7 domains the Benner indicated in 1984. The nursing administration system was also similar in both countries. On the other hand, differences existed in how nurses execute these domains of nursing practice. These are the roles of nurses, nurse aides and family members, and the interpersonal relationships, and problem presentation and problem-solving strategies. American family members rarely participated in the patient's bedside nursing care, while Korean family members actively participated. American nurse aide participated in direct patient care, while Korean nurse aides did not. Also Korean nurses were participated more in administering and managing the patient's diagnostic and treatment modalities, while American nurses focused on the needs and demands of the patient. In terms of interpersonal relationships, American patients were more self-centered and demanding than Korean. American nurses focused more on the right of individuals while Korean nurses were more oriented to harmony with the coworkers. With inferiors and superiors, American members were more egalitarian, while Koreans tended to be hierarchical. In ways of suggesting problems, American nurses tended to pick out the problems more frequently than Korean nurses did. As to ways to solve the problems, American nurses relied heavily on explicit verbal explanations, while Korean nurses relied more on bodily action and behaviors. The results of this comparative study contribute to nursing by adding knowledge on the theory of culture care by describing the similarities and differences in nursing practice between Korea and the United States.

Citations

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  • Clinical Work Experience of Korean Immigrant Nurses in U.S. Hospitals
    Kumsook Seo, Miyoung Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(2): 238.     CrossRef
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    Young Im Kim, Hyo Geun Geun
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(1): 19.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Acculturation and Social Support on Mental Health among Korean-American Registered Nurses
    Kumsook Seo, Miyoung Kim, Gunjeong Lee, Jinhwa Park, Jungmin Yoon
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(2): 157.     CrossRef
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The Influence of Culture on the Experiences of Korean, Korean American, and Caucasian-American Family Caregivers of Frail Older Adults: A Literature Review
Eun Hi Kong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(2):213-220.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.2.213
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this review is to explore cultural influences on the experiences of Korean, Korean American, and Caucasian American family caregivers caring for frail older adults in terms of the selection of a primary caregiver, caregiving motivation, support/help-seeking, and negative emotional responses(depression and burden).

Methods

Seven electronic databases were searched to retrieve studies from 1966 to 2005. Thirty-two studies were identified.

Results

This review supported cultural influences on the selection of primary caregiver, caregiving motivation, and support/help-seeking among the three caregiver groups. In Korean caregivers, the major primary caregivers were daughters-in-law while among Korean American and Caucasian American caregivers, the major primary caregivers were daughters or spouses. As a major caregiving motivation, Caucasian American caregivers reported filial affection while Korean caregivers and Korean American caregivers reported filial obligation. Korean caregivers reported higher extended family support, while Caucasian American caregivers reported higher utilization of formal support. Korean caregivers showed the highest levels of depression followed by Korean American caregivers and Caucasian American caregivers.

Conclusion

In order to develop culturally appropriate interventions and policies, more research is needed to further explain these differences among the three groups, especially regarding support/help-seeking and negative emotional responses.

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    Jiyeon Kang
    Intensive and Critical Care Nursing.2023; 78: 103448.     CrossRef
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    Ginevra Floridi
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    Shilpa Tyagi, Nan Luo, Chuen Seng Tan, Kelvin Bryan Tan, Boon Yeow Tan, Edward Menon, N. Venketasubramanian, Wei Chin Loh, Shu Hui Fan, Kenneth Lam Thuan Yang, Audrey Swee Ling Chan, Aysha Farwin, Zunairah Binti Lukman, Gerald Choon-Huat Koh
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    Ikeu Nurhidayah, Sri Hendrawati, Dewi Pratiwi Hasriyadhi
    Belitung Nursing Journal.2020; 6(2): 52.     CrossRef
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Measurement Issues across Different Cultures
Ju Hee Lee, Duk Yoo Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(8):1295-1300.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.8.1295
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purposes of this methodologic paper are to (1) describe theoretical background in conducting research across different cultures; (2) address measurement issues related to instrument administration; and (3) provide strategies to deal with measurement issues.

Methods

A thorough review of the literature was conducted. A theoretical background is provided, and examples of administering instrument in studies are described.

Results

When applying an instrument to different cultures, both equivalence and bias need to be established. Three levels of equivalence, i.e., construct equivalence, measurement unit equivalence, and full score comparability, need to be explained to maintain the same concept being measured. In this paper, sources of bias in construct, method, and item are discussed. Issues related to instrument administration in a cross-cultural study are described.

Conclusion

Researchers need to acknowledge various group differences in concept and/or language that include a specific set of symbols and norms. There is a need to question the philosophical and conceptual appropriateness of an assessment measure that has been conceptualized and operationalized in a different culture. Additionally, testing different response formats such as narrowing response range can be considered to reduce bias.

Citations

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  • بناءُ مقياسٍ للسعادة الزوجية ودراسةُ خصائصِه السيكومترية على عينةٍ من المتزوِّجين في سلطنة عُمان
    منال خصيب حمدان الفزارية , جلال كايد ضمرة, مصطفى علي خلف, إيهاب محمد نجيب عمارة
    Journal of Educational Sciences – Qatar University.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Go-Un Kim, Ju Hee Lee
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    Peter John Huxley, Kara Chan, Marcus Chiu, Yanni Ma, Sarah Gaze, Sherrill Evans
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    Meredith L. Gore, Jessica S. Kahler
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    JuHee Lee, Mona Choi, So‐sun Kim, Renea Beckstrand
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    Mona Choi, Dukyoo Jung
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    Hyun‐Sil Kim, Hun‐Soo Kim
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Canonical Correlation between Korean Traditional Postpartum Care Performance and Postpartum Health Status
Sukhee Ahn
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(1):37-46.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.1.37
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the relationship between postpartum care performance and postpartum health status.

Sample

The study subjects were 82 mothers who delivered full-term infants at 3 hospitals at P city. Data were collected for their health status at the postpartum unit and the sample was followed up to 6 weeks postpartum to collect postpartum care performance and health status.

Results

Mothers rated postpartum care performance as moderate to high and especially rated the maternal role attainment the highest. Mothers experienced 4 physical symptoms and moderate levels of fatigue. In addition, they experienced moderate levels of positive affect and low levels of negative affect at both times. Canonical correlation revealed that postpartum care performance was related to postpartum health status with 2 significant canonical variables. The first variate indicated that mothers who performed hospitality, physical and emotional recovery, self-caring, and role attainment well showed higher positive affects, lower negative affects, fewer physical symptoms, and lower levels of fatigue. The second variate showed that the greater the performance of caring and physical and emotional recovery, the fewer physical symptoms and lower levels of fatigue.

Conclusion

Although Korean traditional postpartum care performance was related to postpartum health status, the further study is needed to identify the causal relationship between them. Nurses need to integrate the perspective of westernized postpartum care and Korean traditional views of postpartum approach to maintain and promote women's health better.

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    Jihyoung Kim, K. A. S. Wickrama
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Structural Equation Modeling of Quality of Work Life in Clinical Nurses based on the Culture-Work-Health Model
Miji Kim, Eunjung Ryu
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(6):879-889.   Published online December 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.6.879
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model of quality of work life for clinical nurses based on Peterson and Wilson's Culture-Work-Health model (CWHM).

Methods

A structured questionnaire was completed by 523 clinical nurses to analyze the relationships between concepts of CWHM-organizational culture, social support, employee health, organizational health, and quality of work life. Among these conceptual variables of CWHM, employee health was measured by perceived health status, and organizational health was measured by presenteeism. SPSS21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs were used to analyze the efficiency of the hypothesized model and calculate the direct and indirect effects of factors affecting quality of work life among clinical nurses.

Results

The goodness-of-fit statistics of the final modified hypothetical model are as follows: χ2=586.03, χ2/df=4.19, GFI=.89, AGFI=.85, CFI=.91, TLI=.90, NFI=.89, and RMSEA=.08. The results revealed that organizational culture, social support, organizational health, and employee health accounted for 69% of clinical nurses' quality of work life.

Conclusion

The major findings of this study indicate that it is essential to create a positive organizational culture and provide adequate organizational support to maintain a balance between the health of clinical nurses and the organization. Further repeated and expanded studies are needed to explore the multidimensional aspects of clinical nurses' quality of work life in Korea, including various factors, such as work environment, work stress, and burnout.

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    Ju Hyun Jin, Eun Ju Lee
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Effects of a Multicultural Education Program on the Cultural Competence, Empathy and Self-efficacy of Nursing Students
Eun-Hee Peek, Chai-Soon Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):690-696.   Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.690
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to examine the effects of a multicultural education program on nursing students' cultural competence, empathy, and self-efficacy.

Methods

In this quasi-experimental study, the participants were assigned to an experimental group (n=40) or a control group (n=40). The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and paired t-test with the SPSS windows 18.0 program.

Results

After receiving the multicultural education program, the levels of cultural competence and self-efficacy in the experimental group were higher than in the control group. The level of empathy increased slightly in the experimental group while it decreased in the control group.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that multicultural education is effective in raising the level of cultural competence and self-efficacy in nursing students. Thus, there is a need for continuous effort to integrate multicultural education programs in the nursing curriculum. Repeated study to test effects of these multicultural education programs should be also necessary.

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Development and Validation of the Korean Patient Safety Culture Scale for Nursing Homes
Sook Hee Yoon, Byungsoo Kim, Se Young Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(3):379-388.   Published online June 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.3.379
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to evaluate patient safety culture in nursing homes and to test its validity and reliability.

Methods

A preliminary tool was developed through interviews with focus group, content validity tests, and a pilot study. A nationwide survey was conducted from February to April, 2011, using self-report questionnaires. Participants were 982 employees in nursing homes. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, item analysis, factor analysis, and multitrait/multi-Item analysis.

Results

From the results of the analysis, 27 final items were selected from 49 items on the preliminary tool. Items with low correlation with total scale were excluded. The 4 factors sorted by factor analysis contributed 63.4% of the variance in the total scale. The factors were labeled as leadership, organizational system, working attitude, management practice. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was .95 and the range for the 4 factors was from .86 to .93.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that the Korean Patient Safety Culture Scale has reliability and validity and is suitable for evaluation of patient safety culture in Korean nursing homes.

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Evaluation and Application of the Korean Version of the Sexuality Attitudes and Beliefs Survey for Nurses
Hae Won Kim, Yeon Yi Jung, Seungmi Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):889-897.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.889
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Sexuality Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (SABS) and to assess SABS for Korean nurses.

Methods

The Korean version of SABS was developed through forward-backward translation techniques. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using PASW+ PC Win (18.0) and AMOS (18.0). Data were collected from 567 nurses who worked in one of six general hospitals across the country.

Results

The Korean version of SABS showed a reliable internal consistency with Cronbach's α of subscales ranging from .59 to .73. Factor loadings of the 10 items of three subscales ranged from .38 to .83. The three subscales model were validated by confirmatory factor analysis (GFI>.97, RMSEA<.05). Sexuality attitudes and beliefs for Korean nurses were more negative than that of European or American nurses. The SABS scores for Korean nurses were significantly different according to age, marriage, education, clinical experiences, and feeling about sexuality.

Conclusion

The Korean version of SABS has satisfactory construct validity and reliability to measure Korean nurses' attitudes and belief toward sexuality. Education is essential to enhance importance and self-efficacy and to relieve barriers to addressing patients' sexuality.

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    Sharon Linsey Bingham, Cherith Jane Semple, Sean Richard O’Connor, Lynn Dunwoody
    Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care.2024; 2: 100006.     CrossRef
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    Sun Houng Kim, Hyang Yuol Lee, Seung Young Lee, Bum Suk Lee
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    Yeon Hee Kim, Hae Won Kim, Mikyung Kwon
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    Mi Young Chan
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    Hee Jung Wang, Hyun-Kyoung Kim, Hye Yeong Yoo
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Medication Error Management Climate and Perception for System Use according to Construction of Medication Error Prevention System
Myoung Soo Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(4):568-578.   Published online August 12, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.4.568
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine current status of IT-based medication error prevention system construction and the relationships among system construction, medication error management climate and perception for system use.

Methods

The participants were 124 patient safety chief managers working for 124 hospitals with over 300 beds in Korea. The characteristics of the participants, construction status and perception of systems (electric pharmacopoeia, electric drug dosage calculation system, computer-based patient safety reporting and bar-code system) and medication error management climate were measured in this study. The data were collected between June and August 2011. Descriptive statistics, partial Pearson correlation and MANCOVA were used for data analysis.

Results

Electric pharmacopoeia were constructed in 67.7% of participating hospitals, computer-based patient safety reporting systems were constructed in 50.8%, electric drug dosage calculation systems were in use in 32.3%. Bar-code systems showed up the lowest construction rate at 16.1% of Korean hospitals. Higher rates of construction of IT-based medication error prevention systems resulted in greater safety and a more positive error management climate prevailed.

Conclusion

The supportive strategies for improving perception for use of IT-based systems would add to system construction, and positive error management climate would be more easily promoted.

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    Myoung Soo Kim, Ji Hye Seok, Bo Min Kim
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    Young Shin Son, Young Whee Lee, Young Shin Kim, Eun Jeong Song, Hye Ryun Lee, Ju Hee Lee
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    Eunjoo Lee
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    Yeonsoo Hwang, Dukyong Yoon, Eun Kyoung Ahn, Hee Hwang, Rae Woong Park
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    Myoung Soo Kim
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    Myoung Soo Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(6): 673.     CrossRef
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    Myoung-Soo Kim, Hyun-Hee Kim
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    Myoung Soo Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(6): 633.     CrossRef
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    Myoung Soo Kim
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The Effectiveness of Error Reporting Promoting Strategy on Nurse's Attitude, Patient Safety Culture, Intention to Report and Reporting Rate
Myoungsoo Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(2):172-181.   Published online April 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.2.172
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of strategies to promote reporting of errors on nurses' attitude to reporting errors, organizational culture related to patient safety, intention to report and reporting rate in hospital nurses.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for this study. The program was developed and then administered to the experimental group for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, χ2-test, t-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS 12.0 program.

Results

After the intervention, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores for nurses' attitude to reporting errors (experimental: 20.73 vs control: 20.52, F=5.483, p=.021) and reporting rate (experimental: 3.40 vs control: 1.33, F=1998.083, p<.001). There was no significant difference in some categories for organizational culture and intention to report.

Conclusion

The study findings indicate that strategies that promote reporting of errors play an important role in producing positive attitudes to reporting errors and improving behavior of reporting. Further advanced strategies for reporting errors that can lead to improved patient safety should be developed and applied in a broad range of hospitals.

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    Jung Sook Kim, Ji-Soo Kim
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    Won Lee, So Yoon Kim, Sang‐il Lee, Sun Gyo Lee, Hyung Chul Kim, Insook Kim
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    Eunsook Park, Won-Oak Oh, Mirim Kim
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    YuKyung Ko, Soyoung Yu
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    Myoung Soo Kim
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2016; 41(2): 155.     CrossRef
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    Bo Kyoung Cha, Jung Choi
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    Myoung Soo Kim
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    Min-Jeong Kim, Myoung Soo Kim
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    Sook Hee Yoon, Byungsoo Kim, Se Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(3): 379.     CrossRef
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    Myoung Soo Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(6): 633.     CrossRef
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Role of Self-Leadership in the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Informatics Competency
Myoung Soo Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(5):731-740.   Published online October 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.5.731
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating and mediating effects of self-leadership in the relationship between organizational culture and nurses' informatics competency.

Methods

Participants in this study were 297 nurses from the cities of Busan and Ulsan. The scales of organizational culture, self-leadership and informatics competency for nurses were used in this study. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis.

Results

Nursing informatics competency of the participants was relatively low with a mean score 3.02. There were significant positive correlations between subcategories of perceived organizational culture, self-leadership and nursing informatics competency. Self-leadership was a moderator and a mediator between organizational culture and informatics competency.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, self-leadership promotion strategies to improve nursing informatics competency are needed.

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Lived Experience of Considering Tomorrow among North Korean Refugees
Ok Ja Lee, Hyun Kyoung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(7):1212-1222.   Published online December 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.7.1212
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The present study was done to discover the structure of universal actual experiences ‘Considering tomorrow’ of health and quality of life among North Korean refugees in terms of the socio-cultural context of South Korea.

Method

The research question was ‘what is the structure of the actual experience of ‘Considering tomorrow?’, which was examined based on the Parse's human becoming research method. Five North Korean adult refugees were recruited from a National Reconciliation Committee in Seoul/Incheon. The data was gathered from dialogues and collected from February, 2006 to November, 2006.

Results

The structures found in this study were: ‘hope for future life by taking responsibility and having harmony with South Koreans, by forming an integrated identification; having a chance for positive engagement, by attaining human freedom and hope; feeling respected, by assimilating self to the new world; getting freedom back, by facing a new challenge and preparing self for a new social role; overcoming cultural differences with fortified hardiness for survival, by making a decision for a life course with individual growth. In addition, conceptual integration was that ‘Considering tomorrow is transforming the enabling-limiting values’.

Conclusion

Health professionals need to know North Korean refugees' psychological difficulties, expectations of treatment, help seeking behavior, and expectations from mainstream culture. Additionally, understanding North Korean refugees' needs for reality, health education and a multi-disciplinary team approach are necessary to improve their health.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Adaptation Experiences in South Korea of Men defecting from North Korea
    Kyoung Mi Kim, Miyoung Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(3): 431.     CrossRef
  • Lived Experience of Psychological Suffering among the North Korean Refugees: Applied to Parse's Human Becoming Research Methodology
    Hyun Kyoung Kim, Ok Ja Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(4): 359.     CrossRef
  • Understanding the meaning of human dignity in Korea: a content analysis
    Kae-Hwa Jo, Ardith Z Doorenbos
    International Journal of Palliative Nursing.2009; 15(4): 178.     CrossRef
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