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Original Articles
Effect of Aromatherapy Massage for the Relief of Constipation in the Elderly
Myung Ae Kim, Jung Kyu Sakong, Eun Jin Kim, Eun Ha Kim, Eun Ha Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(1):56-64.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.1.56
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of aromatherapy massage on constipation in the elderly.

Method

This study for 10 day, employed a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group received abdominal massage using essential oils with Rosemary, Lemon, and Peppermint, and the control group received a placebo massage. To evaluate the effect of aromatherapy, the degree of constipation was measured using the CAS(constipation assessment scale) and the number of bowel movements per week. Data was analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA using the SPSS program.

Result

The score of CAS of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. In addition the average number of bowel movements in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The effect of aromatherapy lasted 2 weeks after treatment, while the placebo effect lasted 7~10 days after treatment.

Conclusion

The finding of this study showed that aromatherapy helps relieve constipation in the elderly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Constipation among Korean older adults in long-term care facilities: A scoping review
    Yuseon Jeong, Dukyoo Jung, Eunju Choi
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(1): 4.     CrossRef
  • “Effects of abdominal massage applied with ginger and lavender oil for elderly with constipation: A randomized controlled trial”
    Ayşe Aydinli, Songül Karadağ
    EXPLORE.2023; 19(1): 115.     CrossRef
  • Chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and uses of common ayurvedic medicinal plants: a future source of new drugs
    Parul Kaushik, Priyanka Ahlawat, Kuldeep Singh, Raman Singh
    Advances in Traditional Medicine.2023; 23(3): 673.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Aroma Foot Massage on Sleep Quality and Constipation Relief among the Older Adults Living in Residential Nursing Facilities
    Jung-In Kang, Eun-Hye Lee, Hyeon-Young Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 5567.     CrossRef
  • Comparisons between Manual Lymph Drainage, Abdominal Massage, and Electrical Stimulation on Functional Constipation Outcomes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
    Jacqueline S. Drouin, Lucinda Pfalzer, Jung Myo Shim, Seong Jung Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(11): 3924.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Abdominal Meridian Massage with Aroma Oils on Relief of Constipation among Hospitalized Children with Brain related Disabilities
    Mi Jung Nam, Young Ie Bang, Tae Im Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(2): 247.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Abdominal Meridian Massage with Aroma Oils by Volunteers on the Relief of Constipation in Hospitalized Disability Patients with brain lesions
    Tae-Im Kim, Mi-Jung Nam, Young-Ie Bang, Young-Soon Yeon
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(5): 2267.     CrossRef
  • Practical Treatments for Constipation in Korea
    Kyung-Sik Park, Suck-Chei Choi, Moo-In Park, Jeong-Eun Shin, Kee-Wook Jung, Seong-Eun Kim, Tae-Hee Lee, Hoon-Sup Koo
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2012; 27(3): 262.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Hands Moxibustion Therapy and Hand Press Pellet on Decreasing Constipation among Homebound Elders
    Youn-Hye An, Yeong-Kyeong Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(2): 109.     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis and Treatment of Constipation
    Han Ho Jeon, Hyojin Park
    Korean Journal of Medicine.2012; 83(5): 568.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison between Effects of Aroma Massage and Meridian Massage on Constipation and Stress in Women College Students
    Miyoung Chung, Euysoon Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(1): 26.     CrossRef
  • Guidelines for the Treatment of Constipation
    Moo In Park, Jeong Eun Shin, Seung-Jae Myung, Kyu Chan Huh, Chang Hwan Choi, Sung-Ae Jung, Suck Chei Choi, Chong-Il Sohn, Myung-Gyu Choi
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2011; 57(2): 100.     CrossRef
  • 255 View
  • 15 Download
  • 12 Crossref
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The Effects of Abdominal Meridian Massage on Constipation among CVA Patients
Soon Yang Jeong, Hyang Mi Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(1):135-142.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.1.135
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was aimed at developing an efficient nursing method for the management of constipation by comparing the effects of abdominal meridian massage on the symptoms of constipation.

Method

The subjects were determined by the Rome II criteria and the Constipation Assessment Scale from Aug 30 through Sep 26, 2002. They were randomly divided into two groups: one experimental group of 16, another control group of 15. Abdominal meridian massage was given to the experimental group and no massage was given to the control group. The frequency of defecation and severity of constipation by CAS were measured. The data was analyzed with the t-test, χ2-test, and repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

There was a significant improvement in frequency of defecation, and severity of constipation in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Abdominal meridian massage can be considered an effective nursing method for the management of constipation among CVA patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Efficacy of Non-Invasive Auricular Acupressure for Treating Constipation in Leukemia Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review
    Chun-Ye Chen, Xiao-Xu Lin, Xing Wang
    Complementary Medicine Research.2018; 25(6): 406.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Constipation in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: A Randomized Control Trial
    Jeongran Shin, Hyojung Park
    Western Journal of Nursing Research.2018; 40(1): 67.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Life Style Modification on Constipation of the Older Adults at a Geriatric Hospital
    Ho-Suk Kang, Inja Kim
    The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2017; 20(1): 52.     CrossRef
  • Occurrence of Constipation during the Rehabilitation Stage in Patient with Cerebral Vascular Disease
    Dongsoon Shin, Sunglim Kim, Insook Jang, YoungJi Kim, Joohwan Han, Eunyoung Kim, Naryeong Do, Youngshin Song
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2017; 24(3): 200.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Meridian Acupressure on Constipation in the Institutionalized Elderly
    Mi Young Kim, Eun Hee Kang, Eun Kyung Byun
    The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2014; 17(1): 48.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Abdominal Meridian Massage with Aroma Oils on Relief of Constipation among Hospitalized Children with Brain related Disabilities
    Mi Jung Nam, Young Ie Bang, Tae Im Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(2): 247.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Abdominal Meridian Massage with Aroma Oils by Volunteers on the Relief of Constipation in Hospitalized Disability Patients with brain lesions
    Tae-Im Kim, Mi-Jung Nam, Young-Ie Bang, Young-Soon Yeon
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(5): 2267.     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis and Treatment of Constipation
    Han Ho Jeon, Hyojin Park
    Korean Journal of Medicine.2012; 83(5): 568.     CrossRef
  • Guidelines for the Treatment of Constipation
    Moo In Park, Jeong Eun Shin, Seung-Jae Myung, Kyu Chan Huh, Chang Hwan Choi, Sung-Ae Jung, Suck Chei Choi, Chong-Il Sohn, Myung-Gyu Choi
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2011; 57(2): 100.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison between Effects of Aroma Massage and Meridian Massage on Constipation and Stress in Women College Students
    Miyoung Chung, Euysoon Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(1): 26.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Carbonated Water Intake on Constipation in Elderly Patients Following a Cerebrovascular Accident
    Jae-Hee Mun, Seong Sook Jun
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(2): 269.     CrossRef
  • Mapping of Nursing Records Into the NIC and the ICNP in a Korean Oriental-Medicine Hospital
    EUNJOO LEE, MIKYOUNG LEE, OK BUN JUNG
    CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2006; 24(6): 346.     CrossRef
  • 184 View
  • 14 Download
  • 12 Crossref
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Effects of a Constipation Intervention Program on Inpatients' Defecation
Ja Yun Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(1):72-80.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.1.72
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a constipation reduction program for inpatients.

Method

Subjects were selected in one medical ward of C University Hospital from May, 2001 to November, 2001. Twenty-nine subjects were assigned to an experimental group and 32 subjects to a control group. Data related to the frequency of defecation and to the length and amount of laxative drugs used was collected by a medical record review and data on the degree of constipation was obtained by a self-report using a constipation assessment scale.

Result

More than 90% of the subjects admitted in the department of neurology and one third of total subjects presented with activity limitation and about one fourth of the subjects were fed with a nasogastric tube. There was a significant difference in the degree of constipation, frequency of defecation, and the length and amount of laxative drug use between the two groups.

Conclusion

This program is effective in inpatient's constipation reduction. Further studies need to apply this program in various clinical environments and properly use this program in different clinical settings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Constipation in Patients following Orthopedic Surgery: Incidence and Influencing Factors
    Jeong Hee Park, Sun Ok Yun, Sun Hwa Kim, Mi Gyeong Yu, Eun Jin Ham
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2016; 28(6): 637.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Hands Moxibustion Therapy and Hand Press Pellet on Decreasing Constipation among Homebound Elders
    Youn-Hye An, Yeong-Kyeong Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(2): 109.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Carbonated Water Intake on Constipation in Elderly Patients Following a Cerebrovascular Accident
    Jae-Hee Mun, Seong Sook Jun
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(2): 269.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Routine Haecho Bibimbab Consumption on the Improvement of Bowel Habits during Short Period
    Kyung-Dong Cho, Eun Jin Kim, Mi Young Kim, Ok-Hee Baek, Changsun Choi, Chan-Kyu Han, Bog-Hieu Lee
    The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2010; 43(1): 34.     CrossRef
  • 120 View
  • 2 Download
  • 4 Crossref
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Effects of Abdominal Meridian Massage with Aroma Oils on Relief of Constipation among Hospitalized Children with Brain related Disabilities
Mi Jung Nam, Young Ie Bang, Tae Im Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(2):247-255.   Published online April 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.2.247
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to evaluate the effects of 3 times/week and 5 times/week abdominal meridian massage with aroma oils (AMMAO) on the relief of constipation among hospitalized children with disabilities involving the brain lesions (cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and others).

Methods

The participants were 33 hospitalized children with a disability involving the brain (15 were in the 5 times/week of AMMAO group and 18 were in the 3 times/week of AMMAO group). Data were collected from March 21 to May 1, 2011. Chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS 18.0 were used to evaluate the effects of AMMAO.

Results

While there was no significant difference between the two groups, there was a significant difference within groups between baseline and the end of the intervention period for the following, frequency of suppository use or enemas, amount of stool, and number of bowel movements.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that AMMAO is an effective nursing intervention in relief of constipation for hospitalized children with a disability involving the brain. Therefore it is recommended that AMMAO be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for relief of constipation to these children.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Effects of Acupressure and Massage on Pain, Menstrual Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Seda Eryılmaz, Tuba Uçar
    Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine.2025; 31(4): 378.     CrossRef
  • Effect of adding telerehabilitation home program to pharmaceutical treatment on the symptoms and the quality of life in children with functional constipation: a randomized controlled trial
    Amir Soliman, Safy Eldin M. AboAli, Amel E. Abdel Karim, Sara A. Elsamahy, Judy Hasan, Badr Al-Amir Hassan, Amira H. Mohammed
    European Journal of Pediatrics.2024; 183(9): 3943.     CrossRef
  • Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Practices: A Narrative Review Elucidating the Impact on Healthcare Systems, Mechanisms and Paediatric Applications
    Patricia Anaid Romero-García, Sergio Ramirez-Perez, Jorge Javier Miguel-González, Sandra Guzmán-Silahua, Javier Adan Castañeda-Moreno, Sophia Komninou, Simón Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Lara
    Healthcare.2024; 12(15): 1547.     CrossRef
  • Jujube Versus Polyethylene Glycol for Maintenance Treatment of Pediatric Functional Constipation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
    Azizollah Yousefi, Nasim Behnoud, Ali Ghobadi, Farshad Amini Behbahani, Elahe Norouzi
    Iranian Journal of Pediatrics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Aromatherapy and Abdominal Massage Applied to Infants on Constipation and Maternal Anxiety Level
    Mehtap METİN KARAASLAN, Duygu ARIKAN
    Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences.2022; 6(1): 73.     CrossRef
  • The Regulation of miR-206 on BDNF: A Motor Function Restoration Mechanism Research on Cerebral Ischemia Rats by Meridian Massage
    Guofeng Shi, Ping Zeng, Qing Zhao, Jinju Zhao, Yunhui Xie, Danguo Wen, Lu Yan, Hao Gu, Shuai Ma, Xiongwei Cai, Atul Kabra
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Non-pharmacological management of pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders: Current evidence and future perspectives
    Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos, Ronaldo Teixeira da Silva Júnior, Breno Bittencourt de Brito, Filipe Antônio França da Silva, Hanna Santos Marques, Vinícius Lima de SouzaGonçalves, Talita Costa dos Santos, Carolina Ladeia Cirne, Natália Oliveira e Silva, Már
    World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics.2022; 11(2): 105.     CrossRef
  • Non-pharmacologic approach to pediatric constipation
    Neha R. Santucci, Ashish Chogle, Alycia Leiby, Maria Mascarenhas, Rachel E. Borlack, Amanda Lee, Maria Perez, Alexandra Russell, Ann Ming Yeh
    Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2021; 59: 102711.     CrossRef
  • The effects of enteral feeding improvement massage on premature infants: A randomised controlled trial
    Hee‐young Kim, Kyung‐Sook Bang
    Journal of Clinical Nursing.2018; 27(1-2): 92.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Auricular Acupressure Therapy on Primary Dysmenorrhea for Female High School Students in South Korea
    Nam Hyun Cha, Sohyune R. Sok
    Journal of Nursing Scholarship.2016; 48(5): 508.     CrossRef
  • Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Chronic Constipation
    Xinjun Wang, Jieyun Yin
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2015; 2015: 1.     CrossRef
  • Leitlinien zur Ernährung in der pädiatrischen Palliativmedizin
    R. Jones, R. Behrens, M. Brunner-Krainz, V. Heu, A. Höller, A. Huber-Zeyringer, D. Karall, B. Keck, B. Knafl, J. Koch, M. Kronberger, A. Mang, U. Maurer Fellbaum, W. Radauer, R. Rath-Wacenovsky, C. Seelbach, D. Weghuber, K.M. Hoffmann
    Pädiatrie & Pädologie.2015; 50(S1): 4.     CrossRef
  • Functional constipation in children: non-pharmacological approach
    Majid Nimrouzi, Mohammad M. Zarshenas
    Journal of Integrative Medicine.2015; 13(2): 69.     CrossRef
  • 293 View
  • 8 Download
  • 13 Crossref
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Effects of Carbonated Water Intake on Constipation in Elderly Patients Following a Cerebrovascular Accident
Jae-Hee Mun, Seong Sook Jun
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(2):269-275.   Published online April 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.269
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to identify effects of carbonated water intake on constipation in elders who have experienced a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and are bed-ridden.

Methods

Forty elderly patients with CVA were randomly assigned to one of two groups in a double-blind study. Patients in the experimental group drank carbonated water and those in the control group drank tap water for two weeks. Six patients dropped out during the study period. Data were analyzed by repeated measured ANCOVA and the covariance was the dose of laxatives used for the two weeks.

Results

Frequency of defecation increased significantly and symptoms of constipation decreased significantly for patients in the experimental group.

Conclusion

The study results suggest that the intake of carbonated water is an effective method for the intervention of constipation in elderly patients with CVA.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Conservative, physical and surgical interventions for managing faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases
    Claire L Todd, Eugenie E Johnson, Fiona Stewart, Sheila A Wallace, Andrew Bryant, Sue Woodward, Christine Norton
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Peak-Frequency Histogram Similarity of Bowel Sounds for the Evaluation of Intestinal Conditions
    Takeyuki Haraguchi, Takahiro Emoto, Takahiro Hirayama, Yuki Imai, Masahiro Kato, Tomoya Hirano
    Applied Sciences.2023; 13(3): 1405.     CrossRef
  • Magnesium Sulfate-Rich Natural Mineral Waters in the Treatment of Functional Constipation–A Review
    Christophe Dupont, Guillaume Hébert
    Nutrients.2020; 12(7): 2052.     CrossRef
  • CTQ derived using the new Module device convergence and QFD can be mounted on the dominance Products : Focusing on the sparkling water purifier Case
    In-Cheol Song, Dong-Ryong Hwang, Seung-Hee Lee
    Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(5): 195.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Awareness and Knowledge of Carbonated Water on Consumption Pattern and Satisfaction among College Students
    Hyun Ji Kim, Jae Seon Jang, Myung Sun Hong, Hwa Jeong Seo
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2015; 28(4): 702.     CrossRef
  • Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases
    Maureen Coggrave, Christine Norton, June D Cody
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 425 View
  • 0 Download
  • 6 Crossref
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A Comparison between Effects of Aroma Massage and Meridian Massage on Constipation and Stress in Women College Students
Miyoung Chung, Euysoon Choi
J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(1):26-35.   Published online February 28, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.1.26
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to compare the effects of abdominal aroma massage and meridian massage on constipation and stress in college women with functional constipation.

Methods

The participants were 38 college women, 18 were in the aroma group and 20 in the meridian group. The aroma massage was given using aroma oil which was a mixture of lemon, lavender, rosemary, and cyprus. The meridian massage was given at 9 accupoints which influence intestinal functions. The treatment was given 5 days a week for 4 weeks. A constipation severity score, weekly defecation frequency, and a stress response score were measured before and every week of 4 weeks of the experiment.

Results

While there was no significant difference between two groups, there was a significant difference within the groups in the constipation severity (aroma group: 1st week, meridian group: except 4th week), defecation frequency (aroma group: 3rd week, meridian group: 2nd and 3rd week), and stress (aroma group: all weeks, meridian group: except 4th week) after different duration of experiment.

Conclusion

Based on these results, both abdominal massages relieved constipation and stress. Resorting to either types of massage will contribute to the reduction of use of stool softeners, suppositories, or enemas.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Effects of Abdominal Meridian Massage on Abdominal Distention, Pain, and Recovery of Bowel Motility after Sedated Colonoscopy
    Woo Hyun Jo, Myo Sung Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2022; 29(1): 12.     CrossRef
  • Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Pregnant Women Suffering from Constipation: A Systematic review
    Ayça ŞOLT, Sena Dilek AKSOY
    International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research.2021; 02(02): 101.     CrossRef
  • Effects of the Healing Beats Program among University Students after Exposure to a Source of Psychological Stress: A Randomized Control Trial
    Jiah Song, Wonjong Kim, Iklyul Bae
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11716.     CrossRef
  • The effects of aroma massage and foot bath on psychophysiological response in stroke patients
    Jeong Hoon Lee, Eun Kyung Seo, Jae Soon Shim, Sung Pil Chung
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2017; 29(8): 1292.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Aromatherapy Footbath on Stress and Autonomic Nervous System Activity
    Ju-mi Ahn, Myung-Haeng Hur
    Korean Journal of Stress Research.2017; 25(4): 239.     CrossRef
  • Effects of 10 % Lidocaine Spray and Aroma Hand Massage on Pain, Anxiety, Blood Pressure, and Pulse During Arteriovenous Fistula Needling in Hemodialysis Patients
    Ji Mi Song, Hye-Ja Park
    The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2016; 19(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Acupressure on Bowel Elimination in Patients with Skeletal Traction
    SH Ghiyasvandian, F Jalali niya, M Fadaei Dehcheshme, A Mehran, K Saatchi
    Iran Journal of Nursing.2015; 28(96): 11.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of individualised intervention on older residents with constipation in nursing home: a randomised controlled trial
    Tzu‐Ting Huang, Shu‐Di Yang, Yu‐Hsia Tsai, Yen‐Fan Chin, Bi‐Hwa Wang, Pei‐Kwei Tsay
    Journal of Clinical Nursing.2015; 24(23-24): 3449.     CrossRef
  • Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Chronic Constipation
    Xinjun Wang, Jieyun Yin
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2015; 2015: 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Abdominal Meridian Massage with Aroma Oils on Relief of Constipation among Hospitalized Children with Brain related Disabilities
    Mi Jung Nam, Young Ie Bang, Tae Im Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(2): 247.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Abdominal Meridian Massage with Aroma Oils by Volunteers on the Relief of Constipation in Hospitalized Disability Patients with brain lesions
    Tae-Im Kim, Mi-Jung Nam, Young-Ie Bang, Young-Soon Yeon
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(5): 2267.     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis and Treatment of Constipation
    Han Ho Jeon, Hyojin Park
    Korean Journal of Medicine.2012; 83(5): 568.     CrossRef
  • 274 View
  • 4 Download
  • 12 Crossref
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