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Effects of a nursing leadership program on self-leadership, interpersonal relationships, clinical performance, problem-solving abilities, and nursing professionalism among nursing students in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study
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Sunmi Kim, Young Ju Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Eun Jee Lee
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):137-151. Published online February 25, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24110
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 Abstract
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- Purpose
This study investigated the effects of a nursing leadership program on self-leadership, interpersonal relationships, clinical performance, problem-solving abilities, and nursing professionalism among nursing students in South Korea.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study was conducted. The Practice-Driven Nursing Leadership Program for Students (PDNLP-S) was developed based on the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). This quasi-experimental study design included 60 nursing students. The experimental group (n=30) participated in the PDNLP-S for 120-minute sessions over 5 weeks, while the control group (n=30) received usual lectures. The PDNLP-S included lectures, discussions, and individual and group activities to cultivate core nursing leadership competencies such as individual growth, collaboration, nursing excellence, creative problem-solving, and influence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the independent t-test with IBM SPSS Windows ver. 26.0.
Results
The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in self-leadership (t=3.28, p=.001), interpersonal relationships (t=3.07, p=.002), clinical performance (U=268.50, p=.004), and problem-solving abilities (t=2.20, p=.017) compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed in nursing professionalism (t=0.50, p=.311).
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the PDNLP-S improved nursing students’ self-leadership, interpersonal relationships, clinical performance, and problem-solving abilities. The PDNLP-S can play a significant role in cultivating future nurse leaders by enhancing these nursing leadership competencies among nursing students.
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The Effects of Breast Milk Olfactory Stimulation on Physiological Responses, Oral Feeding Progression and Body Weight in Preterm Infants
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Eun Jee Lee
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):126-136. Published online April 30, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.126
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Abstract
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Purpose
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of breast milk olfactory stimulation on physiological responses, oral feeding progression, and body weight in preterm infants.
Methods
A repeated measures design with nonequivalent control group was used. The participants were healthy, preterm infants born at a gestational age of 28~32 weeks; 12 in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. Data were collected prospectively in the experimental group, and retrospectively in the control group, by the same methods. Breast milk olfactory stimulation was provided 12 times over 15 days. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and linear mixed models using SPSS 19.
Results
The gastric residual volume (GRV) of the experimental group was significantly less than that of the control group. The heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, transition time to oral feeding, and body weight were not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that breast milk olfactory stimulation reduces GRV and improves digestive function in preterm infants without inducing distress.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Effect of Smell and Taste of Milk on Feeding Parameters in Preterm Neonates: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Sarah Alenezi, Manal Aldaihani, Sabah Alqabandi, Ahmad A Alkandari, Bader A Almukaimi, Latifah Almutairi, Mohamed Abualqassim, Ziad A Kanaan, Manaal H Ameen, Yara H Farahat, Ahmed Abu-Zaid
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - The Effect of Breast Milk Odor on Feeding Cues, Transition Time to Oral Feeding, and Abdominal Perfusion in Premature Newborns: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Adalet Yücel, Sibel Küçükoğlu, Hanifi Soylu
Biological Research For Nursing.2024; 26(1): 160. CrossRef - Effects of human milk odor stimulation on feeding in premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yangyang Qin, Shu Liu, Yanming Yang, Yuan Zhong, Danshi Hao, Han Han
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Family-Centered Care for High-Risk Infants and the Roles of Healthcare Professionals
Yeo Jin Im, Young-Ah Park
Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2024; 28(1): 5. CrossRef - Effect of Olfactory Stimulation of Breast Milk on Neonatal Operational Pain and Feeding: A Meta-Analysis
凤霞 侯
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2022; 12(10): 9403. CrossRef - Human neonates prefer colostrum to mature milk: Evidence for an olfactory bias toward the “initial milk”?
Magali Klaey‐Tassone, Karine Durand, Fabrice Damon, Katrin Heyers, Nawel Mezrai, Bruno Patris, Paul Sagot, Robert Soussignan, Benoist Schaal
American Journal of Human Biology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Olfactory Stimulation of Preterm Infants with Breast Milk
Woon Ae Lee, Jin Suk Ra
Clinical Nursing Research.2021; 30(8): 1183. CrossRef - Comparison of the Effect of Breast Milk and Sodium Bicarbonate Solution for Oral Care in Infants with Tracheal Intubation After Cardiothoracic Surgery
Xian-Rong Yu, Shu-Ting Huang, Ning Xu, Wang-Sheng Dai, Zeng-Chun Wang, Hua Cao, Qiang Chen
Breastfeeding Medicine.2021; 16(7): 568. CrossRef - The Effects of a Continuous Olfactory Stimulation Using Breast Milk (COSB) on Behavioral State and Physiological Responses in Korean Premature Infants
Young Ah Park, Yeo Jin Im
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2020; 53: e114. CrossRef - Establishing a Foundation for Optimal Feeding Outcomes in the NICU
Britt F. Pados, Kristy Fuller
Nursing for Women's Health.2020; 24(3): 202. CrossRef
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