, 정석희2
, 김현경2
, 장형은2
, Seok Hee Jeong2
, Hyun Kyung Kim2
, Hyoung Eun Chang2
1전북대학교 대학원 간호학과
2전북대학교 간호대학ㆍ간호과학연구소
1Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
2College of NursingㆍResearch Institute of Nursing Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
© 2025 Korean Society of Nursing Science
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| Characteristic | n (%) or M±SD | Turnover intention | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD | t or F | p | Post-hoca) | ||
| Age (yr) | 31.2±5.48 | 2.02b) | .140 | ||
| 24–29 | 93 (44.7) | 2.93±0.96 | |||
| 30–39 | 96 (46.2) | 2.92±0.95 | |||
| ≥40 | 19 (9.1) | 2.68±0.42 | |||
| Gender | –1.09 | .285 | |||
| Men | 16 (7.7) | 3.05±0.52 | |||
| Women | 192 (92.3) | 2.89±0.94 | |||
| Marital status | 2.32 | .022 | |||
| Single | 133 (63.9) | 3.00±0.97 | |||
| Married | 75 (36.1) | 2.72±0.79 | |||
| Religion | 3.58 | .721 | |||
| No | 147 (70.7) | 2.92±0.94 | |||
| Yes | 61 (29.3) | 2.87±0.85 | |||
| Education level | 3.29 | .022 | |||
| Associate’s degree1 | 7 (3.4) | 3.34±1.25 | 1>4 | ||
| College2 | 163 (78.4) | 2.96±0.90 | |||
| University3 | 20 (9.6) | 2.82±0.85 | |||
| ≥Master’s degree4 | 18 (8.6) | 2.32±0.79 | |||
| Total clinical career (yr) | 7.17±4.80 | 3.32 | .038 | ||
| 1–<51 | 73 (35.1) | 3.04±0.90 | 1>3 | ||
| 5–<102 | 92 (44.2) | 2.94±0.95 | |||
| ≥103 | 43 (20.7) | 2.60±0.80 | |||
| Clinical career at current hospital (yr) | 6.28±4.59 | –2.09 | .103 | ||
| <3 | 56 (26.9) | 3.05±0.85 | |||
| 3–<5 | 36 (17.3) | 3.01±1.00 | |||
| 5–<10 | 81 (38.9) | 2.89±0.94 | |||
| ≥10 | 35 (16.9) | 2.58±0.81 | |||
| Clinical career at the current work (yr) | 3.94±3.01 | 0.16 | .926 | ||
| <1 | 27 (13.0) | 2.97±0.77 | |||
| 1–<3 | 69 (33.2) | 2.84±0.93 | |||
| 3–<5 | 44 (21.1) | 2.92±0.86 | |||
| ≥5 | 68 (32.7) | 2.92±1.01 | |||
| Position | 1.56 | .120 | |||
| Staff nurse | 176 (84.6) | 2.94±0.91 | |||
| Charge nurse | 32 (15.4) | 2.67±0.95 | |||
| Shift pattern | –1.46 | .146 | |||
| Non-shift | 11 (5.3) | 2.51±0.63 | |||
| Shift | 197 (94.7) | 2.92±0.93 | |||
| Work department | 0.75 | .562 | |||
| Medical ward | 60 (28.8) | 2.98±0.91 | |||
| Surgical ward | 47 (22.6) | 2.84±0.80 | |||
| Comprehensive nursing care ward | 25 (12.0) | 2.64±0.99 | |||
| Intensive care unit | 69 (33.2) | 2.96±0.95 | |||
| Others | 7 (3.4) | 3.00±1.18 | |||
| Night shift (day/mo) | 6.00±2.51 | 3.06 | .029 | ||
| 0 | 9 (4.3) | 2.51±0.78 | |||
| 1–4 | 29 (13.9) | 2.59±0.71 | |||
| 5–6 | 111 (53.4) | 2.89±0.92 | |||
| ≥7 | 59 (28.4) | 3.14±0.97 | |||
| Employment type | –0.62 | .538 | |||
| Full time | 206 (99.0) | 2.90±0.92 | |||
| Contract | 2 (1.0) | 3.30±0.14 | |||
| Income (10,000 won) | 5,492.13±1,254.23 | 1.48 | .231 | ||
| 2,400–<5,000 | 59 (28.4) | 3.04±0.83 | |||
| 5,000–<7,000 | 117 (56.3) | 2.89±0.95 | |||
| ≥7,000 | 32 (15.3) | 2.70±0.94 | |||
| Nursing management level | 0.19 | .852 | |||
| 1st | 160 (76.9) | 2.91±0.92 | |||
| 2nd | 48 (23.1) | 2.88±0.91 | |||
| Hospital location | 0.19 | .823 | |||
| Seoul | 59 (28.4) | 2.86±0.95 | |||
| Metropolitan city | 51 (24.5) | 2.97±0.91 | |||
| City | 98 (47.1) | 2.89±0.91 | |||
| Variable | M±SD | Min | Max | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presenteeism | ||||
| Health problem | 3.63±2.67 | 0.00 | 13.00 | 0–19 |
| Work impairment | 39.63±13.97 | 0.00 | 87.50 | 0–100 |
| Perceived productivity | 72.90±17.95 | 4.00 | 100 | 0–100 |
| Missed nursing care | ||||
| Part A (missed nursing care) | 1.31±0.34 | 0.33 | 2.42 | 0–4 |
| Ambulation 3 times per day or as ordered | 1.23±1.03 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Turning patient every 2 hours | 1.50±0.87 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Feeding patient when the food is still warm | 1.06±0.73 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0–4 |
| Setting up meals for patients who feed themselves | 1.02±0.76 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Medications administered within 30 minutes of the scheduled time | 1.34±0.63 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0–4 |
| Vital signs assessed as ordered | 1.23±0.53 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Monitoring intake/output | 1.17±0.49 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Full documentation of all necessary data | 1.52±0.59 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Patient teaching about procedures, tests, and other diagnostic studies | 1.33±0.65 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0–4 |
| Emotional support to patient and/or family | 1.91±0.83 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Patient bathing/skin care | 1.38±0.90 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Mouth care | 1.38±0.98 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Hand washing | 1.41±0.67 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Patient discharge planning and teaching | 1.11±0.45 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Bedside glucose monitoring as ordered | 1.11±0.42 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Patient assessments performed each shift | 1.16±0.45 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0–4 |
| Focused reassessments according to patient condition | 1.30±0.59 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| IV/central line site care and assessments according to hospital policy | 1.24±0.50 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0–4 |
| Response to call light is initiated within 5 minutes | 1.07±0.64 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| PRN medication requests acted on within 15 minutes | 1.28±0.61 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Assess effectiveness of medications | 1.44±0.65 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Attend interdisciplinary care conference whenever held | 1.73±1.23 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Assist with toileting needs within 5 minutes of request | 1.34±0.83 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0–4 |
| Skin/wound care | 1.26±0.60 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0–4 |
| Part B (reason for missed nursing care) | 2.62±0.62 | 1.06 | 4.00 | 1–4 |
| Job satisfaction | 2.84±0.81 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1–5 |
| Turnover intention | 2.90±0.92 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1–5 |
| Variable | Presenteeism | Missed nursing care | Job satisfaction |
|---|---|---|---|
| r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | |
| Missed nursing care | .41 (<.001) | ||
| Job satisfaction | –.46 (<.001) | –.33 (<.001) | |
| Turnover intention | .41 (<.001) | .33 (<.001) | –.42 (<.001) |
| Variable | B | SE | β | t | p | 95% CI | F (p) | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct effect | ||||||||
| Step 1: P → MNC | 0.23 | .04 | .39 | 5.89 | <.001 | 0.16 to 0.31 | 6.64 (<.001) | .19 |
| Step 2: P → JS | –0.57 | .10 | –.39 | –5.71 | <.001 | –0.76 to –0.37 | 8.30 (<.001) | .25 |
| Step 2: MNC → JS | –0.37 | .16 | –.15 | –2.25 | .025 | –0.69 to –0.05 | ||
| Step 3: P → TI | 0.32 | .12 | .20 | 2.73 | .007 | 0.09 to 0.55 | 9.17 (<.001) | .29 |
| Step 3: MNC → TI | 0.36 | .18 | .13 | 2.00 | .047 | 0.00 to 0.72 | ||
| Step 3: JS → TI | 0.30 | .08 | –.27 | -3.87 | <.001 | –0.45 to –0.15 | ||
| Indirect effect | ||||||||
| Total indirect effect | 0.28 | 0.06a) | 0.16 to 0.41 | |||||
| Indirect effect 1: P → MNC → TI | 0.08 | 0.04a) | 0.01 to 0.17 | |||||
| Indirect effect 2: P → JS → TI | 0.17 | 0.05a) | 0.07 to 0.28 | |||||
| Indirect effect 3: P → MNC → JS→ TI | 0.03 | 0.01a) | 0.00 to 0.06 | |||||
| Total effect | ||||||||
| P → TI | 0.60 | .10 | .37 | 5.71 | <.001 | 0.39 to 0.81 | 7.88 (<.001) | .21 |
M, mean; SD, standard deviation. a)By Scheffé test. b)By Welch test.
IV, intravenous; M, mean; Max, maximum; Min, minimum; PRN, as needed; SD, standard deviation.
B, unstandardized estimate; β, standardized estimate; CI, confidence interval; JS, job satisfaction; MNC, missed nursing care; P, presenteeism; SE, standard error; TI, turnover intention. a)Boot SE.
